Episode 5 University Challenge

APPLAUSE

University Challenge. Asking the questions, Jeremy Paxman.

Hello. 30 minutes and around 100 or so questions

stand between tonight's two teams and a place in the second round.

As the losing team may earn themselves

a place in the play-offs, if their score is good enough,

it might be in both teams' interests to try and get through

as many questions as possible tonight.

Now, Loughborough University grew out of a technical institute

founded in 1909.

When it received its Royal Charter in 1966,

it became the UK's first technological university

and it was renamed Loughborough University in 1996.

As well as technology, it is of course one of the UK's foremost

institutions for the development of sporting talent.

And it was the official training base for Team GB

during the 2012 Olympics.

This specialism is reflected in its alumni, who include

Sebastian Coe, Paula Radcliffe and Dame Tanni Grey-Thompson.

With an average age of 23 and representing around 16,000 students,

let's meet the Loughborough team.

Hi, I am Ally Thornton, from Penicuik in Scotland,

and I'm studying banking, finance and management.

Hi, I'm Kathy Morten.

I'm from Southampton and I'm studying aeronautical engineering.

-And their captain.

-Hi, my name's Grant Craig.

I'm from Bonnybridge, near Falkirk,

and I am studying for a PhD in analytical chemistry.

Hi, I'm Katie Spalding.

I'm from Ipswich, in Suffolk, and I'm studying maths.

APPLAUSE

Now, Clare College is the second oldest in Cambridge.

It was founded in 1326 by Lady Elizabeth de Clare,

granddaughter of Edward I,

who took a vow of chastity after the death of her third husband

and used her fortune to make provision for 20 fellows

and ten poor scholars.

Those numbers have grown to around 650

who in the past have included the poet Siegfried Sassoon,

the novelist and biographer Peter Ackroyd

and the naturalist and broadcaster David Attenborough,

a bronze bust of whom is housed in the college.

It's said to be good luck to rub the bust's nose.

So let's see if it's done tonight's four any good.

Their average age is 20.

Hello, I'm Sam Watson.

I'm from Navenby in Lincolnshire and I'm reading Chinese studies.

Hello, I'm Carys Redman-White.

I'm from Hampshire and I read veterinary medicine.

-And their captain.

-Hi, my name's Tom Wright.

I'm from Sevenoaks in Kent and I'm reading theology.

Hi, I'm Mark Chonofsky.

I'm from Boston, Massachusetts, and I study physics.

APPLAUSE

OK, the rules are the same as ever.

Just remember there is a five-point penalty

for an incorrect interruption to a starter question.

Otherwise, it's the usual 10s and 15s. So, fingers on the buzzers.

Here's your first starter for 10.

What six-letter adjective links the nicknames of

the snowboarder Shaun White and several Finnish sports...

Flying.

-Flying is correct, yes.

-APPLAUSE

The first set of bonuses are on Oliver Cromwell.

His birthplace in 1599,

which borough elected Cromwell to Parliament in 1628?

-It was later represented by John Major.

-Huntingdon.

Correct. What two-word term describes

the office of the Commonwealth to which Cromwell was appointed in 1653

-after a period of government by Council of State?

-Lord protector.

Correct. "Peace hath her victories no less renowned than War."

Who addressed those words to Cromwell in a sonnet of 1652?

WHISPERING

John Milton?

Correct. We're going to take another starter question.

Last Man Standing: Memoirs Of A Political Survivor

is a 2012 work by which public figure?

Peter Mandelson?

No, you lose five points.

He became MP for Blackburn in 1979

and later served as Home Secretary and Foreign Secretary.

Jack Straw?

-Correct.

-APPLAUSE

So your first bonuses, Loughborough, are on Claude Monet.

When exhibited in 1874, the title of a work by Monet

was used derisively at first to name the impressionist movement.

What natural phenomenon does the painting depict?

Is it not the one with rain?

-Go for rain.

-Rain?

No, it's sunrise. And "Impression, Sunrise" was the name of it.

In 1876 and 1877,

Monet painted a series of views around which Paris railway terminus?

-Du Nord?

-Yeah, that's good. Paris du Nord?

No, it's Saint-Lazare.

And finally, a principal focus of Monet's work during his later years,

the paintings called the Nympheas are also known by what two-word name

after the plants that appear prominently in them?

-Water Lilies.

-Water Lilies?

-Correct.

Ten points for this starter question now.

Denoting a beast of burden, what two final letters link words

meaning an infectious disease eradicated in 1980, an event...

Ox.

O-X is correct, yes.

Right, these bonuses, Clare College, are on a scientist.

Born on the Isle of Wight in 1635, which naturalist is usually credited

with being the first to use the term "cell",

in this case to describe the organisms he observed

when viewing slices of pork through a microscope?

-Robert Hooke?

-Correct.

Sometimes attributed to Wren,

which stone column near the northern end of London Bridge was at least

partly designed by Hooke in his role as surveyor to the city of London?

-Temple Bar?

-Temple Bar?

-Temple Bar?

-Sure.

-Temple Bar?

No, it's the Monument, to the Great Fire.

For which Irish-born contemporary did Hooke develop the air pumps

used in various gas law experiments conducted at Oxford in the 1660s?

-Pretty sure it's Boyle, yeah.

-Boyle?

Robert Boyle is right. Ten points for this.

The Derby At Epsom and Portrait Of A Kleptomaniac

are among the works of which French artist, born 1791?

He's perhaps best known for a startling

painting of a shipwreck, known as The Raft Of The Medusa.

-Toulouse-Lautrec.

-Er, nope.

One of you buzz from Clare?

It's Gericault. Ten points for this. "I am not in the giving vein today."

Which of Shakespeare's title characters says those words,

refusing to grant an earldom to the Duke of Buckingham?

-Henry V?

-No, anyone want to buzz from Loughborough?

-King John?

-No, it's Richard III. Ten points for this.

Often seen on Sikh temples,

the Gurmukhi script is principally associated with which language,

named after a region of north-west...

-Punjabi?

-Correct.

Clare College, your bonuses are on names.

I want the two given names of the following pairs of people

and the surname they share.

Firstly, an architect, born 1572,

who introduced the Palladian style to England,

and the winner of the gold medal in the women's tae kwon do

at the 2012 London Olympics.

-It's Inigo Jones, so Jones is the surname.

-Yeah.

-So what's the name?

-It might be Sarah, I'm not sure.

OK.

-Inigo and Sarah Jones?

-No, it's Inigo and Jade Jones.

Secondly, the second president of the United States of America,

and the winner of the gold medal in the women's flyweight boxing in 2012?

-John Adams and Nicola Adams.

-Correct.

And finally, a scientist born in New Zealand in 1871

and regarded as the founder of nuclear physics,

and the winner of the gold medal in the long jump in 2012.

-What's his name?

-Ernest Rutherford.

-And what's the...?

Is it Greg Rutherford?

-Um, Ernest Rutherford and Greg Rutherford?

-Correct.

A picture round now.

For your picture starter, you'll see the crest of a UK football team.

Ten points if you can name the team.

Any helpful wording has of course been removed.

-Newcastle United.

-Correct.

They were promoted to the Premier League in 2010.

Your bonuses, three more crests of teams that have won promotion

to the Premier League since 2010.

In each case, I want the name of the club.

Again, all helpful wording has been removed. Firstly for five.

-Southampton.

-Correct. Secondly.

That's Blackpool.

-Say that?

-Yeah. Blackpool?

-Correct. And finally.

-Swansea.

-Well done.

Another starter question. Listen carefully.

If electricity is transmitted with a current of 10 amps

through a wire of resistance 10 ohms,

what in watts is the power lost?

-1,000?

-Correct.

Right, these bonuses are on a natural function.

Firstly for five, hypnagogic and hypnopompic

are terms used to refer specifically to the first and final stages

-of which natural function of the body?

-Sleep?

-Hypno, yeah.

-Sleep.

-Correct.

At the University of Chicago in 1953,

the graduate student Eugene Aserinsky's observation

of sleeping infants led to the discovery of what phenomenon?

-Rapid eye movement?

-REM sleep, yeah.

-Rapid eye movement or REM?

-Correct.

The later stages of non-REM sleep represent periods of deep sleep

when the heart rate slows and the brain produces waves

denoted by which Greek letter?

The slowest having the frequency of fewer than three cycles per second.

-Delta waves.

-Delta waves?

-Correct. Well done.

Right, another starter question.

"Excuse me if I speak English. We're about to draw the raffle tickets.

"Have a safe journey home and..."

-Bradley Wiggins.

-Yes!

His victory speech after the Tour de France. Right.

A set of bonuses for you, Loughborough.

They're on women in men's clothing.

Completed shortly after her divorce in 1939,

Self-portrait With Cropped Hair in which she appears wearing

a man's suit and tie is a work by which painter,

often associated with both naive art and the surrealist movement?

-Frida Kahlo?

-Frida Kahlo?

-Correct.

Born in Paris in 1824,

which physician habitually dressed as a man in public,

believing the demand to maintain a feminine appearance was a form of oppression?

She was pioneer of a woman's right to choose abortion

and an editor of the periodical La Suffragiste.

-I don't know.

-Marie...

-Curie? Marie Stopes?

-Marie Stopes?

She was English! No, it's Madeleine Pelletier.

And finally, Amandine Aurore Lucile Dupin outraged bourgeois society

in 19th-century France by wearing trousers and smoking in public.

By what pen name was she better-known?

-Is that George... George.

-George Eliot?

Sands?

I have no idea. Nominate Spalding.

-George Sands?

-George Sand is correct, yes.

Right, ten points for this.

Which novel by Beryl Bainbridge centres on a 1950 production

of Peter Pan by a Liverpool repertory theatre company?

Its four-word title completes Peter's statement that "To die will be..."

-Just another adventure?

-No. Anyone want to buzz from Clare?

-The last trip I make?

-No, it's an awfully big adventure.

You were right. Ten points for...

Well, you were wrong, but you were close. Sorry!

Ten points for this. Listen carefully,

The French name for an inhabitant of which city is an anagram

of another French word for a common analgesic,

a derivative of salicylic acid?

Parisien?

Nope. Anyone want to buzz from Loughborough?

Aspirin?

No, you're both in the right area, but I asked for the name of a city.

It is Paris, and aspirine, Parisien and aspirine are the anagrams.

Right, ten points for this. In forensic science,

what post-mortem change does the term algor mortis indicate?

It may be used to estimate the time of death.

-The heat of the body.

-Correct, reduction in body temperature.

These bonuses are on restoration drama.

"Tis better to be left than never to have been loved."

Thought to have inspired a similar line by Tennyson, these words

are spoken by Mrs Marwood in The Way Of The World by which dramatist?

I don't know.

-I'm sorry, we've got no idea.

-It's William Congreve.

Sir Fopling Flutter is the title character in which comedy,

first performed in 1676, and written by Sir George Etherege?

-Think of a funny answer.

-Don't know.

-I have no idea, sorry.

It's The Man Of Mode.

And finally, The Provoked Wife is a restoration comedy

by which playwright, also known as the architect of

Castle Howard and Blenheim Palace?

-Wren or something?

-Yeah, have a stab at that.

-Christopher Wren?

No, it's Sir John Vanbrugh.

Right, we're going to take a music round now.

For your music starter, you'll hear a piece of popular music.

Ten points if you can tell me the name of the group performing.

STRINGS OVER ROCK BEAT

-ELO?

-Correct, the Electric Light Orchestra, yes.

Right, if you get these bonuses, you'll take the lead.

They're on strings in pop, following on from the Electric Light Orchestra.

Three more pieces of popular music featuring string sections.

In each case, I want the name of the performers.

Firstly for five, this group.

Is that The Verve?

CONFERRING DROWNED OUT BY MUSIC

-The Verve?

-No, it's Massive Attack, Unfinished Symphony.

Secondly, this performer.

-Take a stab at Elbow.

-Elbow?

No, it's Bjork, Play Dead. And finally this group.

-That's The Verve.

-The Verve.

That is The Verve, yes, Bittersweet Symphony. Ten points for this.

Which Scottish island comes next in this sequence,

given in descending order by area?

Lewis and Harris, Skye, Shetland mainland, and what?

Orkney mainland?

Nope.

-Mull?

-Mull is correct, yes.

Right, you get a set of bonuses, Clare College,

on words that begin with the name of a Greek letter.

For example, muesli, philately and nubile.

In each case, listen to the definitions

and give the Greek letter that links the pair.

Firstly, quadrilateral with both pairs of opposites sides

parallel and all sides the same length,

and substance in the retina also known as visual purple.

-Rhombus and...

-Rhodopsin, yes.

-Rho.

-Correct.

Pertaining to birds of the parrot family,

and hallucinogenic substance found in some toadstools.

-Psi?

-Yeah.

-Psi?

-Correct.

And lastly, spiked helmet formerly worn by German soldiers,

and depiction of the Virgin Mary holding the dead body of Christ.

Don't know either of those.

-Um, pi.

-Correct!

Ten points for this.

According to Kepler's Third Law, the period of apparent true orbit

is proportional to what power of the length of the major axis of the orbit?

Cube?

Nope.

-Three halves?

-Yes, three over two.

Right, bonuses for you, this time on physics.

In the classical physics problem of two bodies orbiting each other

under the action of central force,

what name is given to the unique point

about which both bodies orbit?

-Focus?

-No, it's apparently called the centre of mass, or barycentre.

What name is given to the effective mass associated

with the motion of the displacement vector between the bodies?

Dist... No.

-Jeff?

-LAUGHTER

If only it were, eh? No, it's the reduced mass.

What in kilograms is the reduced mass of two bodies,

each of which has a mass of three kilograms?

-1.5?

-Correct. Ten points for this.

Born near Paris in 1862,

which composer's works include a book of preludes for piano,

the opera Pelleas et Melisande, and the orchestral piece La Mer?

-Chopin?

-Er, no. Loughborough?

-Debussy?

-Debussy is correct, yes.

Your bonuses are on place names this time, Loughborough.

In each case, identify the name from the description.

They all begin with the same three letters.

Firstly, a city and region of Mediterranean Spain

between Valencia and Andalusia.

Is that Castile?

-Valencia, Andalusia.

-Castile, you think?

-Castile?

-No, it's Murcia. Or Mer-thia.

An atoll in French Polynesia, secondly,

used as a nuclear testing site since the 1960s.

-M-E-R...

-M-U-R, it will be.

-M-U-R?

-So...

-I've no idea. It just begins with M-U-R.

-Anyone?

-Sorry, we've got no idea.

-It's Mururoa.

And finally, a port of the Kola Peninsula on the Barents Sea,

often described as the largest city north of the Arctic Circle?

-Murmansk?

-Yeah.

-Murmansk?

-Correct.

We're going to take a second picture round.

You're going to see a painting.

Ten points if you can name the artist.

Hieronymus Bosch?

It doesn't look the slightest bit like Hieronymus Bosch! No!

Clare, one of you buzz?

-Rubens?

-No, it's by Titian.

Right, so picture bonuses in a moment,

ten points for this starter question in the meantime.

Born in Lincoln in 1815,

which mathematician gives his name to the algebra of logic

that is basic to the design of digital computer circuits?

-Babbage?

-Nope.

Bayes? No, it's George Boole, as in Boolean.

Right, ten points for this starter question.

William Henry Harrison, John Tyler,

Zachary Taylor and Millard Fillmore

are US presidents who shared what party affiliation?

-Whig?

-They were Whigs, yes. Well done.

So, we'll pick up the picture bonuses then.

You recall you saw Titian's Europa to start this round.

No one got it.

In the collection of Boston's Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum.

In 1990, an estimated 300 million worth of art

was stolen from the museum,

and yet thieves overlooked the very valuable Europa.

For your bonuses,

here are three paintings that were stolen in the same theft.

In each case, simply name the artist. Firstly, this French artist.

Is it a Renoir?

Or a Manet?

-Manet?

-Manet is correct.

Secondly, this Dutch artist.

-Rembrandt, I think.

-Yeah.

-Rembrandt?

No! That's Vermeer.

And finally, another Dutch artist.

Van Dyck, or..? No, it's not van Dyck, is it?

Let's go Rembrandt again, he's Dutch.

-Rembrandt?

-That is Rembrandt, yes.

Another starter question.

Two of the historical provinces of Ireland are Ulster and Leinster.

For ten points, name both of the others.

-Connacht and Munster.

-Correct.

These bonuses, Clare College, are on biblical figures.

In each case, name the person from the description.

In the Book of Genesis, the grandfather of Noah.

He is described as having lived 969 years.

-Methuselah?

-Yes, yes.

-Methuselah?

-Correct.

The successor of King Solomon, his harsh rule resulted in

the cessation of the ten northern tribes under Jeroboam.

THEY CONFER QUIETLY

Saul was after David. Saul was...

-Shall we go Saul? It's the only name we've got. Saul?

-No, it's Rehoboam.

And finally, a Babylonian king who conquered Jerusalem

and sent its inhabitants into exile.

He's a major figure in the Book of Daniel.

-Nebuchadnezzar?

-Correct.

Five minutes to go, another starter question.

Named after a German chemist, the Ostwald process is a method used

to produce which acid via the oxidisation of ammonia?

-Nitric acid.

-Correct.

These bonuses are on new world monkeys, Loughborough.

What is the common name of monkeys of the genus Cebus?

The name refers to their distinctive hair colouring

which resembles the cowl worn by an order of friars?

Ca...ca...capuchin?

-Capuchin?

-Nominate Spalding.

-Capuchin monkeys?

Capuchin monkeys is correct.

From an old French word meaning grotesque image, what generic name

denotes small long-tailed monkeys in the genus Callithrix?

So, gargoyle... No, um... French.

-Gabin or something?

-Gibbon?

-Gibbon?

-No, they're marmosets.

And what is the common name, finally, of monkeys of the genus Alouatta?

Their enlarged hyoid bones enable vocalisations that can carry

-for up to five kilometres.

-Howler monkeys.

-Correct.

Another starter question. Native to the Tropics,

species of the Diospyros genus yield which hard, heavy, dark wood?

-Ebony?

-Correct.

Right, this set of bonuses, Loughborough,

are on an English cathedral.

The buildings of Gloucester Abbey became Gloucester Cathedral

during the reign of which monarch?

-Henry IV or something?

-Yeah.

-Henry IV?

-No, it was Henry VIII.

A window in Gloucester Cathedral depicts

the coronation of which 13th century English king,

described in one reference work as naive, pious and well-meaning?

-Edward the Confessor?

-No, that's wrong.

-14th century.

-Edward II or something?

-I have no idea.

-Edward II?

-No, Henry III.

And finally, Gloucester Cathedral houses the tomb of which king,

who died in suspicious circumstances at nearby Berkeley Castle in 1327?

-Isn't it Rufus...

-1327.

Oh, that must be...

-I think...

-Edward II.

-Edward II?

-Correct.

Just under three minutes to go, ten points for this.

What six-letter word may indicate both a former British Army rank,

the equivalent of the modern second lieutenant, and a flag...

-Ensign.

-Ensign is correct, yes.

These bonuses are on history, Loughborough.

During which conflict did a British fleet sail up the Potomac River

and burn the White House and other US government...

-The War of 1812.

-Correct.

In January 1815, a British assault on New Orleans was defeated

by a US force commanded by which future US President?

-Andrew Jackson.

-Correct.

Which enduring song is a musical setting of Francis Scott Key's poem

on the successful US defence of Fort McHenry outside Baltimore?

Star Spangled... No.

-Er...

-Oh, say can you see.

-That's Star Spangled Banner.

-Star Spangled Banner?

-Correct.

Ten points for this. Which imperial unit

is equivalent to 259 hectares?

Acre?

No. Anyone like to buzz from Loughborough?

-Hectare?

-No, he just said that.

No, it's wrong, it's a square mile.

Ten points for this. Listen carefully.

Which positive integer, n, maximises the expression n(100 - n)?

-50?

-50 is correct.

These bonuses are on wool, Clare College.

Mohair is a fibre made from the lustrous hair

of which domestic breed of the genus Capra?

Capra is goats and things so that would be...

-Come on, let's have it.

-Don't know.

-Angora.

-It's Angora.

-I just said that!

-Too late.

Which exotic wool takes its name from an old spelling of the name

of a disputed region, now split between India and Pakistan?

-Cashmere.

-Correct.

Noted for its dense, silky fleece,

normally prized by the Incan nobility,

the vicuna is the national animal of which country?

-Peru?

-Probably.

-Peru?

-Correct. Ten points for this.

Serving in both the Austro-Prussian and later the Franco-Prussian wars,

which Field Marshal became the second president of the Weimar...

Von Clausewitz?

No, you lose five points.

..became the second president of the Weimar Republic in April 1925?

One of you may buzz. Von Papen?

No, it's Hindenburg. Ten points for this.

What geographical feature links Einstein, Dover and Chesil

in the titles of works by Philip Glass?

-Beach?

-Beach is correct.

And your bonuses this time are on the islands of Indonesia.

Slightly larger than England and Wales,

which island is separated from Borneo by the Strait of Makassar?

-Sumatra?

-Yeah.

-Come on.

-Sumatra?

-No, it's Sulawesi.

Around the size of Northern Ireland, which island lies...

FINAL GONG

At the gong, Loughborough University have 155,

Clare College, Cambridge, have 195.

APPLAUSE

Well, that's a perfectly respectable score to lose with, I think.

Who knows, you might come back

as one of the four highest-scoring losers, I don't know.

It's kind of borderline, but we'll see.

But thank you for joining us, Loughborough.

Clare College, we look forward to seeing you in round two.

Many congratulations to you and your stoat. Very attractive!

Right, I hope you'll join us next time for another match,

-but until then it's goodbye from Loughborough University...

-Bye!

-..goodbye from Clare College, Cambridge...

-Bye!

..and it's goodbye from me. Goodbye.

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