Episode 10 University Challenge

APPLAUSE

University Challenge.

Asking the questions, Jeremy Paxman.

Hello. The student mind is about to shake, rattle and roll

under the pressure of some quite difficult questions

on pretty much anything over the next half hour.

There's a place in the second round for whichever team

is ahead at the gong.

The four from Trinity College, Cambridge are playing

on behalf of an institution which has been series champion

three times in the past - in 1974 and '95,

and they are, of course, the current champions.

The college's history begins during the reign of Henry VIII

with the merger of two 14th century institutions.

It owes much of its architecture to the efforts of the clergyman

and academic Thomas Neville, who was appointed its master in 1593,

and Sir Christopher Wren, who designed its library.

A long list of alumni includes Sir Isaac Newton,

the philosophers Francis Bacon and Ludwig Wittgenstein,

and the poets Andrew Marvell, John Dryden and Lord Byron,

who was reputed to have kept a pet bear in his rooms.

With an average age of 21, representing around 1,000 students,

let's meet the Trinity team.

Hi, I'm Matthew, I'm from London, and I'm studying physics.

Hello, I'm Claire,

I'm from Greenwich in London and I study classics.

And this is their captain.

Hi, I'm Hugh, I'm from London and I'm studying chemistry.

Hi, I'm Aled, I'm from Birmingham and I study maths.

APPLAUSE

The University of St Andrews was founded in 1413

after a group of Augustinian clergy established a site

of higher learning on the Fife coast.

Among those minds nurtured there

are those of the theologian John Knox,

the politician Alex Salmond,

the Olympic champion cyclist Sir Chris Hoy,

and the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge.

The team - apparently, the longer you've been there

the more casual you can be with your gown -

have an average age of 21 and represent around 8,000 students.

Let's meet the St Andrews team.

Hi, I'm Lewis Fairfax, I'm from Cramlington in Northumberland

and I'm studying French and Russian.

Hi, I'm Will Kew,

I'm from Aboyne in Aberdeenshire and I'm studying chemistry.

And their captain.

Hello, I'm Jamie Perriam, I'm from Edinburgh and I'm reading English.

Hello. I'm James Adams, I'm from Linlithgow and I'm studying physics.

APPLAUSE

OK, I'm taking it you all know the rules,

so let's just get on with it,

fingers on the buzzers, your first starter for ten.

Quote, "He believes that there is such a thing as truth,

"he has the soul of a martyr with the intellect of an advocate."

Written in 1860, those words of Walter Bagehot

refer to which future Prime Minister?

Disraeli?

No, anyone like to buzz from Trinity?

Gladstone.

It is Gladstone, of course.

APPLAUSE

Right, your bonuses are on

20th-century Prime Ministers, Trinity.

Which future Prime Minister first became an MP at the age of 49,

having previously managed a sisal plantation in the Bahamas

and served as Lord Mayor of Birmingham?

Birmingham's Chamberlain.

Chamberlain.

-Which one?

-Neville.

Correct.

Which future Prime Minister won the Military Cross in World War I?

Later, he read Persian and Arabic at Oxford

before becoming an MP in 1923.

THEY CONFER

-I actually don't know.

-No idea.

Clement Attlee.

No, it was Anthony Eden.

Pupil teacher in Lossiemouth

and private secretary to a radical tea merchant

were among the early posts held by which future Prime Minister?

It sounds weird enough, it could be Churchill -

-he had a chequered early life.

-I just don't know.

-Churchill.

-No, it's Ramsay MacDonald.

Ten points for this - the name of which Roman goddess

links a ceiling fresco in Rome by Guido Reni,

a museum ship in St Petersburg

and a luminous phenomenon in the night sky at higher latitudes?

-Aurora?

-Correct.

APPLAUSE

Your first bonuses, St Andrews,

are on Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty in Wales.

Cemlyn, Cemaes and Red Wharf are among the bays

in which Welsh county, most of whose 125-mile coastline

is designated as an AONB?

THEY CONFER

Is it Powys?

No, it's Anglesey, Ynys Mon.

Secondly, the valley of which river, the fifth longest in the UK,

gives its name to an AONB that straddles the border between England and Wales.

-The Severn.

-No, it's the Wye.

Finally, including Worm's Head and Oxwich Bay,

which peninsula in South Wales

was the first of all AONBs to be so designated?

Llandovery.

No, it's Gower.

Ten points for this - in human biology,

what Latin-derived word may be substituted

for "primary" or "milk" to describe

teeth that appear from the age of around....?

Baby?

No, I'm afraid you lose five points.

..that appear from the age of around six months?

In botany, the same term...

Infant?

No, you should have listened to the whole thing, you could have done.

It's deciduous.

So, ten points for this -

in the 1915 work Cities In Evolution

what single word term was coined by the Scottish urban theorist

Sir Patrick Geddes for a continuous urban area

resulting from the fusion of previously...?

Conurbation?

Correct, yes.

APPLAUSE

Your bonuses are on biological terms, Trinity College.

All of which begin with the same Greek prefix.

From the Greek for co-operation, what term describes the phenomenon

where two substances such as hormones interact

to produce an effect greater than the sum of their individual effects?

THEY CONFER

Conglomeration.

No, it is synergism or synergy.

What term denotes the fusion of chromosome pairs

in prophase I of meiosis?

I should know this...

Synthesis.

No, it's synapsis.

And, finally, what word describes a sensory experience

elicited by a different sensory category,

for example when sounds are perceived as colours?

-Synaesthesia.

-Correct.

We're going to take a picture round.

For your picture starter, you'll see a map of the United States

with a Grand Slam city marked -

that is they are host to a professional American football,

ice hockey, basketball and baseball team.

For ten points, name the city and one of the teams that plays there.

Pennsylvania... No.

No, anyone like to buzz from St Andrews?

Washington, Capitals?

Correct, yes, it is Washington DC.

APPLAUSE

So, your bonuses are three more US Grand Slam cities marked on a map.

In each case I would like the city and a team that plays there.

Firstly, for five points,

the city at A and the ice hockey team that plays there.

Pittsburgh and the Penguins.

No, it's the Philadelphia Flyers.

Secondly, B and the basketball team that plays there.

Denver and the Nuggets?

Correct.

And, finally, C and the American football team that plays there.

Er...

Green Bay and the Packers.

No, it's Minneapolis, the Vikings.

Right, ten points for this -

geologically speaking, which is the only group of mountains

in the eastern United States that is not Appalachian?

Located in New York State, they include the resort of Lake Placid.

Catskills?

Nope.

One of you buzz, St Andrews.

Er, Rocky Mountains... No.

No, other side of the continent.

The Adirondacks, north of the Catskills.

Right, ten points for this -

1,675 metres in height, Mount Thor is a granite peak

generally cited as having the world's greatest vertical drop,

more than four times the height of the Eiffel Tower.

On which large island of Canada is it situated?

-Baffin Island.

-Correct.

APPLAUSE

These bonuses could give you the lead,

they're on plays about the Iraq war.

Named after a Scottish regiment, which award-winning play

is based on interviews conducted by the playwright, Gregory Burke,

with soldiers who were deployed during the Iraq war?

-Black Watch.

-Correct.

Described as a fictionalised memoir,

which 2011 play about the Iraq war was written by Sarah Helm,

the wife of Tony Blair's Chief Of Staff, Jonathan Powell?

A Day In Baghdad.

No, it's Loyalty.

The title of which play by David Hare was inspired

by the words of the then US Secretary Of Defense,

Donald Rumsfeld, in response to questions about looting in Iraq?

Nominate Kew.

Known Unknowns?

No, it's Stuff Happens.

Ten points for this - which year saw the opening

of the first Bosphorus Bridge, the independence of the Bahamas,

the broadcast of the first episode

of the documentary series The World At War

and President Nixon's appointment of Henry Kissinger

as US Secretary of State?

1960s?

No.

1953.

No, it's 1973.

Ten points for this, give two answers promptly -

having identical spellings when written without accents,

which two words mean the crown of the head

and a rich edible spread often made from liver...?

Pat(ay) and pate.

Correct.

Right, you get instead bonuses on cricket broadcasters, St Andrews.

"He brought to the airwaves an enthusiast's

"idealised love of the game, which ex-players can rarely emulate."

These words refer to which cricket correspondent

who died in January 2013?

THEY CONFER

-Pass, sorry.

-That was Christopher Martin-Jenkins.

"The Lennon and McCartney of cricket broadcasting"

is an epithet sometimes given to which two former England players?

Nominate Fairfax.

Michael Atherton and Ian Botham.

No, it's Geoff Boycott and Jonathan Agnew.

And, finally, which cricket broadcaster's name

appears in the middle of a Bingo T-shirt

that includes images of a pigeon, some cake,

a construction crane and a helicopter?

-David Lloyd?

-No, it's Henry Blofeld.

He was always rambling on about something like that.

Right ten points for this -

in which novel of 1932 does the sophisticated Flora Poste

move in with her country cousins, the Starkadders?

It includes the memorable line, "I saw something nasty in the woodshed..."

-Cold Comfort Farm?

-Yes.

APPLAUSE

Right, your bonuses are on places with reduplicative names,

such as the Pacific island of Bora Bora.

In each case, name the place from the description.

Firstly, an inland city of New South Wales

midway between Sydney and Melbourne, its name means "many crows".

-Wagga Wagga.

-Correct.

The administrative capital, secondly, of American Samoa,

the setting of Somerset Maugham's short story Rain.

-Pitti Pitti?

-No, it's Pago Pago.

And, finally, a spa town on the Oos River in the Black Forest.

-Baden-Baden.

-Correct.

-APPLAUSE

-Ten points for this -

for your music starter, which we're going to have now,

you'll hear a piece of popular music

inspired by the work of a literary figure.

Ten points if you can name the author, please.

ELECTRONIC MUSIC Hear the crashing steel.

Feel the steering wheel.

Here the crashing steel.

Feel the steering wheel.

Warm.

Leatherette.

Warm.

Leatherette.

Warm.

Leatherette.

Warm.

Hunter S Thompson?

Nope. Anyone want to buzz from Trinity?

Philip Larkin.

-LAUGHTER

-Philip Larkin?!

I don't think so, no. It's JG Ballard. Nice, wasn't it?

Right, ten points at stake for the starter question,

music bonuses shortly.

President of France during the Third Republic,

Jules Grevy gives his name to the largest of the three main species

of which mammal native to East Africa?

Sloth?

No, anyone like to buzz from St Andrews?

Hippopotamus.

No, it's a zebra. Ten points for this.

Answer as soon as your name is called,

and you can have 10% either way.

To the nearest whole number,

the radius of the sun is how many times that of the Earth?

3,000.

Nope.

8,000.

I thought you were all working it out? No, it's 109.

Right, another starter question.

An inconclusive engagement fought in Warwickshire in October 1642,

what was the first pitched battle of the English Civil War?

Marston Moor.

No. Anyone like to buzz from Trinity?

Naseby.

No. It's Edgehill. Ten points for this.

5.20, 12.01 and 17.54 -

what regular item is broadcast on BBC Radio 4 at these times...

-Shipping forecast.

-Correct, yes.

APPLAUSE

It means, I'm afraid, we've got to go back to the music round.

So your bonuses follow on from Warm Leatherette by The Normal,

which was inspired by JG Ballard's novel Crash.

For your bonuses, three other bands and artists

influenced by his work. Firstly, for five, who's singing here?

This song was also somewhat influenced by Crash.

# Here in my car I feel safest of all

# I can lock all my doors... #

It's Gary Numan.

It is Gary Numan. Secondly, I want the name of this band,

also heavily influenced by Ballard.

# No future they say

# But must it be that way?

# Now is calling

# The city is human... #

New Order.

-No, it's Human League.

-Ah.

Finally, this band, who took their name from another work by Ballard.

# We can remember

# Swimming in December

# Heading for the city lights... #

That's Empire of the Sun.

It is indeed. Well done.

Right, ten points for this. In addition to hydrogen,

which two gases are the main constituents of coal gas?

Carbon dioxide and water.

No. Anyone like to buzz from Trinity?

Carbon dioxide and methane.

No, it's carbon monoxide and methane.

So another starter question now.

In 1948, Syngman Rhee became the first President

of which present-day country...

South Korea.

South Korea is correct.

APPLAUSE

These bonuses, St Andrews, are on 19th-century scholarship.

Hans The Hedgehog, Lucky Hans

and the Hare And The Hedgehog

are among the stories in a collection first published in 1812.

Who were the authors?

THEY CONFER

-The Brothers Grimm.

-Correct. In 1837, the Brothers Grimm

were among seven professors dismissed from Gottingen University

for protesting the repeal of the liberal constitution

of their kingdom by its new king, Ernest Augustus.

Of which kingdom was he the ruler?

THEY CONFER

Sweden.

No, it's Hanover.

The Brothers Grimm began the DWB,

the etymological dictionary that is the German equivalent of the OED.

For what do the letters DWB stand?

Nominate Fairfax.

-Deutsches Worterbuch.

-Correct.

Right, ten points for this starter question.

Part of the Santa Marta mountains massif,

the twin peaks of Cristobal Colon and Simon Bolivar

form the highest points of which country?

Venezuela.

Anyone like to buzz from Trinity?

Colombia.

Colombia is correct, yes.

APPLAUSE

Three questions on the chemistry of water for you, Trinity College.

What is the chemical formula of heavy water?

-D20.

-D20.

D20, or 2H20, is correct.

Water glass is a viscous, colloidal solution

used as preservative and flocculent.

What salt is dissolved in water to produce it?

Um...

sodium acetate, perhaps.

Sodium acetate.

Sodium acetate.

No, it's sodium silicate. And finally,

which two gases are the principal components of water gas?

Hydrogen and oxygen.

-Do you think...

-I don't know.

Hydrogen and oxygen.

No, it's carbon monoxide and hydrogen.

We're going to take a second picture round now.

For your picture starter question, you'll see a painting.

For ten points, you just have to name the artist.

Gauguin.

Gauguin is right, The Bathers.

APPLAUSE

Picture bonuses are three more paintings on that theme,

all of them also by French artists, all painted in the latter half

of the 19th century. Five points for each artist you can identify.

Firstly, who did this?

-Who do you think?

-Monet?

-Monet.

-No, it's Pissarro.

Secondly, who did this?

Courbet?

Yes, Courbet.

-Courbet.

-No, that's Delacroix.

And finally, this one.

Ah. Isn't that...

It's Matisse or Manet, it's one of the two.

I'm not sure.

-Manet?

-Manet?

-Manet.

-No, it's by Cezanne.

After that gratuitous nudity,

we'll get on with another starter question.

Born 1895, which Dutch physicist gives his name

to a vector that describes the degree and direction

of a deformation in a dislocated crystal lattice?

Van der Waals.

Nope. One of you like to buzz, St Andrews?

I'll tell you. It's Jan Burgers,

as in the Burgers vector. Ten points for this.

What object prompts the questions,

what men or gods are these, what maidens loth,

what mad pursuit? - in the lines of an ode by Keats?

A Grecian urn.

Yes.

APPLAUSE

Right, these could give you the lead if you get them,

these bonuses. They're on the novels of Jane Austen.

Which of Austen's novels features the two sets of sisters,

Elizabeth, Mary and Anne Elliot, and Louisa and Henrietta Musgrove?

-I don't recognise it so it's one of the ones we don't know.

-Persuasion.

-What?

-Persuasion.

-You think?

-We don't know.

-Persuasion.

-Correct.

"The sister with whom she used to be on easy terms has now become

"her greatest enemy." This is how Austen describes

Julia Bertram's relationship with her sister Maria in which novel?

-The Bertrams are Mansfield Park, aren't they?

-Yes.

-Mansfield Park.

-Correct.

"Lizzie is not a bit better than the others

"and I'm sure she's not half so handsome as Jane

"nor half so good humoured as Lydia."

Which character says that and in which novel?

-Wait.

-It's in Pride And Prejudice...

-It's Mrs Bennet.

It's Mrs Bennet.

-Yeah, it's Mrs Bennet.

-You confident?

-Yeah.

-Mrs Bennet in Pride And Prejudice.

-It could only be, couldn't it?

Ten points for this.

The Maluku or Malucca Islands in Indonesia

are also known by what historical name...

Spice Islands.

Spice Islands is correct. Yes.

APPLAUSE

These bonuses are on popular science, Trinity College.

Which mathematician succeeded Richard Dawkins

as the Simonyi Professor of the Public Understanding of Science

at Oxford University?

-Marcus du Sautoy.

-Correct.

Which 2003 book by Marcus du Sautoy is subtitled

Why An Unsolved Problem In Mathematics Matters?

The Music Of The Primes is his famous one from around then.

-Sorry?

-The Music Of Primes.

-Could it be...

-something about...

-No.

-In which case, yes.

-The Music Of The Primes.

The Music Of The Primes.

Correct. The discovery of the largest known Mersenne prime

in 2008 was rewarded with

a prize from the Electronic Frontier Foundation

as the first verified prime with more than how many digits?

Nine million comes to mind but I've no idea why.

-Let's go with that.

-Nine.

-Nine million.

-No, it's ten million.

Four minutes to go, ten points for this.

Which king of Great Britain was born the day before

the ceremonial arrival of Charles II in London

that marked the restoration of the monarchy in 1660?

William III.

No. Anyone like to buzz from St Andrews?

William of Orange.

No. It's George I.

Ten points for this.

In zoology, adipocytes are cells specialised

for the storage of which molecule?

Fat molecules.

Fats is correct. Lipids, yes.

APPLAUSE

These bonuses, St Andrews, are on UK airports.

According to the derivation of its name,

which British airport is a place where goats are kept?

THEY CONFER

Stansted.

No, it's Gatwick. The north farmstead of a family called

Le Brun is the most probable etymology of the name of which

military airport in Oxfordshire?

THEY CONFER

Nominate Kew.

-Brize Norton.

-Correct.

Originally meaning "priest's farm", what is the name

of Glasgow's second airport?

Prestwick.

Correct. Ten points for this.

In classical mythology,

the River Lethe derived its name from a Greek word with what meaning?

Sleep.

Nope.

Fast.

No, it's forgetfulness or oblivion. Ten points for this.

What flower links a period of cultural vibrancy

in the Ottoman Empire from 1718

and a speculative mania for bulbs...

-Tulip.

-Tulip is correct.

APPLAUSE

Your bonuses, Trinity College, are on the year 1919.

Which Mexican revolutionary was killed in an ambush in 1919?

He gives his name to an army of national liberation

founded in the state of Chiapas in 1994?

THEY CONFER

Zapata.

Emiliano Zapata is correct.

Born in the Russian empire in 1871, which leader of the Spartacus League

was murdered in Berlin in 1919, along with Karl Liebknecht?

-Any ideas at all? Any people from that period?

-Um.

-Um.

It's not Rasputin, is it?

-LAUGHTER

-Rasputin.

Certainly not Rasputin, no! It's Rosa Luxembourg.

In which country did Bela Kun lead a short-lived Soviet republic

that collapsed in August 1919 after a Romanian invasion?

What was the name? Bela Kun?

What does that sound like? It could be Moldova, because it's so...

Come on, let's have it, please.

-Um, Bulgaria.

-No, it's Hungary.

10 points for this. Its name deriving from the Greek for dawn,

which epoch in geological time

comes between the Palaeocene and the Oligocene?

BUZZER

-Devonian?

-No.

Anyone want to buzz from Trinity?

BUZZER The Miocene.

No, it's the Eocene. 10 points for this.

What short word can mean frost formed from freezing fog

and is also an archaic term for a poem?

BUZZER

Hoar.

-You're going to lose five points, I'm afraid.

-Sorry.

Archaic term for a poem used, for example,

in the title of a work by Coleridge.

BUZZER Rime.

Rime, R-I-M-E, is correct, yes.

-APPLAUSE

-These are a set of bonuses, this time on complex numbers.

If "i" is a square root of minus one,

what is the modulus of the complex number 4+3i?

-Five.

-Well done.

What's the numerical value of the tangent of the argument of 4+3i?

-GONG

-And at the gong,

St Andrews have 100, Trinity College Cambridge have 150.

APPLAUSE

You never really got going there, St Andrews, did you?

-You are, as they say, gutted, no doubt.

-Yes.

We're going to have to say goodbye to you, I'm afraid.

Trinity, we shall look forward to seeing you in round two.

Congratulations.

I hope you can join us next time for another first round match,

-but until then, it's goodbye from St Andrews University...

-Goodbye.

-And it's goodbye from Trinity College Cambridge.

-Goodbye.

And it's goodbye from me, goodbye.