Episode 4 University Challenge

University Challenge.

Asking the questions - Jeremy Paxman.

Hello. We're here once again to look for old heads on young shoulders.

Whichever team proves to be the creme de la creme

will play again in the second round.

Now, St Anne's College-Oxford began life as a concept

rather than a location,

that by providing inexpensive lodgings throughout the city,

women of limited means could have access to a university education

and as such, the Society of Home Students was formed in 1879.

It became a full college of the university in 1952

and admitted men from 1979.

Former students include the formidable clutch of journalists

including Polly Toynbee, Jackie Ashley and Tina Brown

as well as the novelists Helen Fielding and Zoe Heller.

The conductor Simon Rattle

and the former England rugby player Victor Ubogu.

Their mascots are a reference

to the college's recent adoption of a beaver.

The average age of the St Anne's team is 22. Let's meet them.

Hi. I'm Sam Zwolinski. I'm from Northallerton in North Yorkshire.

And I'm studying physics.

Hi, I'm Laura Ludtke. I'm from Red Deer, Canada

and I'm reading for a DPhil in English literature.

And this is their captain.

Hi. I'm Edward Hicks. I'm from Reading in Berkshire

and I'm reading for a DPhil in history.

Hi. I'm Rebecca McKavanagh from Croydon in Surrey

and I'm reading for DPhil in clinical neurology.

Now, their opponents, the team from Gonville Caius College-Cambridge

represents an institution founded in the mid-14th century

by Edmund Gonville, who enjoyed the title of King's clerk to Edward III.

Having fallen on hard times,

it was refounded around two centuries later by John Caius,

a former alumnus and physician to Edward VI.

Other alumni include the creator in around 1880

of the eponymous diagram John Venn

and fractionally more recently, the politician Ken Clarke.

The late David Frost was a student there

as was the comedian Jimmy Carr.

They, too, have an average age of 22.

Let's meet the Gonville Caius team.

Hi. I'm Ted Loveday.

I'm from Hammersmith in London and I'm doing law.

Hello. I'm Michael Taylor from Ballymena in Northern Ireland

and I'm studying for a PhD in history.

And here's their captain.

I'm Anthony Martinelli.

I'm from Hertfordshire and I'm studying medicine.

Hi I'm Jeremy Warner.

I'm from Southhampton and I'm reading natural sciences.

Rules are the same as ever.

Ten points for starter questions, which are solo efforts.

Bonus questions our team efforts. There are worth 15.

Right. Fingers on the buzzers. Here's your first starter for ten.

What name links a US educator,

reformer and co-founder of Tuskegee University,

a 1922 treatment for the limitation of naval armaments, the author of...

Washington. Correct. Yes.

The first set of bonuses, St Anne's, are on an industrial area.

What two-word name denotes the industrial area

that corresponds closely to the former South Staffordshire Coalfield

encompassing areas of Wolverhampton, Walsall, Sandwell and Dudley?

Black Country. Correct.

Born near Dudley in 1678, which iron founder is noted for the works

he established at Colebrookdale in Shropshire?

His son and grandson both bore his given name.

Arkwright.

No, it's Abraham Darby.

An early example of an atmospheric steam pump

named after which engineer was built near Dudley Castle in 1712?

Watt.

No, it's Thomas Newcomen.

Ten points for this.

Referring to Britain's declaration of war on August 4, 1914,

what did the German Chancellor Bethmann-Hollweg described as

"a word, which in wartime, has so often been disregarded"?

Treaty.

No.

Neutrality.

Correct.

Right. Your bonuses, Gonville Caius, are an African tisanes,

or herbal infusions.

First in for five.

Central to social life in Maghreb countries,

the preparation sometimes known in Morocco as nana tea

is made with green tea,

sugar and which generic herb?

Peppermint. I'll except that.

Yeah, yeah. Mint, generally, will do.

From the first part of the binomial of the petals from which it is made,

what name is given to the deep red cranberry-like infusion

known as karkade in Egypt and Sudan?

In Britain it's often blended with rosehip.

INDISTINCT SPEECH

Chamomile.

No, it's hibiscus tea.

And finally, what's the common name of the South African shrub

Aspalathus linearis, which gives a mahogany coloured infusion

free from caffeine?

MURMURING

Rooibos.

Rooibos is correct. Red bush. Ten points for this...

With a diameter of 106,000 km,

the Le Verrier ring circle which planet?

Its name commemorates the French mathematician, Urbain Le Verrier,

whose laborious orbital calculations led to the planet's discovery.

Neptune. Correct.

APPLAUSE

Gonville Caius, your bonuses are on English mathematicians.

Which 18th century English mathematician gives his name

to a theorem on statistical inference derived

from a posthumous work entitled

An Essay Towards Solving A Problem In The Doctrine Of Chances?

Bayes.

Bayes is correct.

Born 1815, which mathematician gives his name to the algebra of logic

used in the design of digital computer circuits?

Nominate Loveday. Boole.

Boole is correct. George Boole.

Born around 1791, which mathematician drew out plans

for the analytical engine

generally regarded as the first computer?

Babbage. Babbage is right. Ten points for this...

The opera which includes the aria often referred to as Handel's Largo

is named after which king of Persia

who launched an invasion of Greece in the fifth century BC?

Xerxes. Correct.

We get a set of bonuses this time, St Anne's College.

On "aches", that is words that end in the letters A-C-H-E,

in each case, give the word from the definition.

Firstly, a container generally holding a number of items

and hidden at a specific location

for uses of the global positioning system to discover

in a pursuit similar to the pre-Internet activity

known as letterboxing.

Caches.

No, it's geocache.

Secondly, a smooth filling of whipped chocolate and cream

used in truffles and other confectionery.

Ganache.

Correct. And finally, a material used in painting in which a gum

or a similar substance has been added to watercolours

to make them opaque.

Gouache.

Gouache is correct, yes.

Right, we're going to take a picture round.

For your picture starter, you'll see a Formula One grid

featuring the top six placings in the Drivers' Championship

in a given year with the champion's name missing.

For ten points, give me his name.

Damon Hill.

Correct.

APPLAUSE

That was the 1996 Formula One championship which Damon Hill won.

Your bonuses are three more grids showing the top six drivers

in years in which there was a British champion.

In each case, I simply want the name of the missing champion.

Firstly, for five.

Button.

That was Jenson Button in 2009. Secondly, for five.

Nigel Mansell.

Correct, in 1992. And finally...

James Hunt.

In 1976, yes. Well done. Clean sweep.

Ten points for this...

"In a child's power to master the multiplication table,

"there is more sanctity than in all your shouted

"'Amens' and 'Hosannas',

"an idea is a greater monument than a cathedral." Spo...

Russo.

No, I'm afraid you lose five points.

..spoken by the actor Spencer Tracy,

these words are from which 1961 film based on the Scopes Monkey Trial?

I need one of you to buzz.

Something about the wind.

It is something about the wind, but that's not precise enough.

It's Inherit The Wind.

Ten points for this...

Give both names promptly if you buzz for this.

Which two short anagrams denote an extreme type of variable star

that explodes periodically

and the river span by the Clifton Suspension Bridge?

Avon and nova. Correct.

APPLAUSE

Right, these bonuses, Caius, are on an 18th-century novel.

Uncle Toby, Dr Slop, and Mrs Wadman

are characters in which 18th century novel

often regarded as the progenitor

of modern stream of consciousness works?

Tom Jones?

No, it's Tristram Shandy.

Originally of Danish extraction, he's said to be,

which Parson interest from Shandy

shares his name with an inanimate figure in Shakespeare's, Hamlet?

Yorick. Parson Yorick, yes.

Taken from words spoken by Parson Yorick,

what is the title of the director Michael Winterbottom's

film within a film adaptation of the novel?

A Cock and Bull Story.

Correct. Ten points for this...

Opening with their first meeting at the 1917 Kentucky Derby

and ending with a 2005 funeral where his ashes

were fired into the sky by a cannon,

The Joke's Over, by the cartoonist Ralph Steadman

is a memoir of which journalist,

the creator of the genre known as Gonzo?

Hunter S Thompson.

That is correct, yes.

APPLAUSE

Right, this set of bonuses, Caius, are on the solar system.

In 1610, Galileo and Simon Marius

made the first telescopic observations of the night sky

which suddenly increased the number of known moons by what factor?

Four.

No, it's five. They found four.

Among the four large moons of Jupiter

that Galileo and Marius discovered,

which one was later found to bear

caldera-like depressions and domed formations called tholi?

INDISTINCT SPEECH

Ganymede. No, it's Io.

The surface of which of Jupiter's moons bears landforms

known as linea and lenticulae

as well as broken ice flow-like terrain called chaos?

Ganymede.

It's Europa. Ten points for this...

50 years after the monarchy was abolished and he went into exile,

the former King Simeon II returned...

Bulgaria.

Bulgaria is right. Yes.

APPLAUSE

Right, these bonuses, Gonville Caius,

are on medieval German rulers.

What short of name is that of three successive German rulers,

the first of whom known as The Great

was crowned Holy Roman Emperor in 962?

Otto.

Correct. Which German emperor spent three days

barefoot in the snow at Canossa in 1077,

an act of penitence to atone for his excommunication

by Pope Gregory VII?

Henry IV.

Correct. What was the nickname of the Emperor Frederick I,

a leader of the Third Crusade in 1189?

Barbarossa.

Correct. We're going to take a music round now.

Your music starts, you'll hear a piece of popular music.

All you have to do is to name the song.

# You shout it out

# But I can't hear... #

Disturbia.

No, you can hear a little more, St Anne's.

# ..a word you say

# I'm talking loud not saying much

# I'm criticised but all your... #

Bulletproof.

No, it's David Guetta's Titanium.

So music bonuses in a moment or two.

Another starter question in the meantime.

Andre Breton and Leonora Carrington

are among those principally associated with which...

Surrealism.

Correct.

APPLAUSE

OK, so following on from Titanium you heard a moment ago,

you're going to hear music bonuses.

Titles of these three pieces can also be found in the periodic table.

In each case, I want the element and its chemical symbol. Firstly...

# Thank you for coming home

# I'm sorry that the chairs are all worn

# I left them here... #

It's gold, Au.

Correct. Secondly...

MUSIC PLAYS

Silicon, Si.

No, it's oxygen, O. Finally...

# I'm so happy cos today... #

Lithium, Li.

Correct. Ten points for this...

In human biology, for what the letters LH stand

when indicating a substance secreted...

Luteinizing hormone. Correct.

These bonuses are on female psychoanalysts, Gonville Caius.

Believing that neurosis is caused by

a child's experience of basic anxiety,

which German-born US psychoanalyst wrote the 1937 work

The Neurotic Personality Of Our Time?

Any ideas? Any ideas? Ah, pass.

It was Karen Horney.

Secondly, the author of the psychoanalysis of children,

which Austrian-born British psychologist's

observation of free play

provided insights into the child's unconscious fantasy life?

Any ideas? Pass again.

That's Melanie Klein.

And finally, The Ego And Mechanisms Of Defence

is a work by which pioneer of child psychoanalyst

born in Vienna in 1985?

No ideas. It was all females, so... Yeah, we don't know.

That's Anna Freud.

A starter question, which book of the New Testament

comes next in this list given in reverse order?

First Corinthians, Romans, Acts Of The Apostles and...

John.

John is correct, yes. APPLAUSE

APPLAUSE DROWNS OUT SPEECH

These bonuses are on cricket and literature, Gonville Caius.

Which major city is the setting of Netherland

in the Irish author of Joseph O'Neill's 2008 novel

about a cricket playing Dutch banker? New York.

Correct. "The finest book written about the game of cricket."

Those words of John Arlott refer to Beyond A Boundary,

a non-fiction work by which Trinidadian social theorist?

Nominate Taylor. CLR James.

Correct. A village match in which the title character Leo takes a

catch and wins the game for Brandham Hall

features in which a novel of 1953 by LP Hartley?

HE WHISPERS

The Go-Between.

Correct. Ten points for this.

GJ 436, Wolf 359 and Barnard's Star are all examples

of what class of stellar object

characterised by low mass, low temperature

and low luminosity?

Red dwarf.

Correct.

So here are your bonuses, Gonville Caius. They're on physics.

What unit of energy is defined as the amount of heat

required to raise the temperature of one gram of water

by one degree Celsius?

THEY WHISPER

No, no, it's a calorie. Calorie.

Correct. According to the law of Dulong and Petit

what is the molar specific heat capacity of a solid

in units of the gas constant R?

THEY WHISPER

Um, let's try 3 over 2R. 3 over 2R.

No, it's 3R.

And finally, what full specific name is given to the energy

required to transform a quantity of liquid to a gas

at constant temperature and pressure?

THEY WHISPER

Enthalpy of... Yeah, enthalpy of vaporisation.

Enthalpy of vaporisation.

Correct. Or the latent heat of vaporisation.

So, St Anne's, there's plenty of time still to go

so maybe you can get going with this starter question.

According to Winston Churchill, the birth of which national leader

was his people's worst misfortune and his death their next worse?

The latter occurred in 1924.

Oh, sorry. BUZZER

Lenin.

Lenin is correct, yes.

You get a set of bonuses on regions of China, Gonville Caius.

Around the size of France and Spain combined,

which autonomous region of China shares part of its name

with a country that borders it to the north?

THEY WHISPER

So what is it? BOTH: It's Inner Mongolia.

Inner Mongolia? Yeah. Inner Mongolia.

Correct. A little smaller than the UK,

which autonomous region shares a border with Vietnam?

THEY CONFER

Tibet.

No, it's the other side of the country. It's Guangxi.

Slightly smaller than Alaska,

what is the largest autonomous region of China?

It borders several countries, including Pakistan and Kazakhstan.

THEY CONFER Are they cities or are they countries?

Guangdong? Guangdong.

No, it's Xinjiang.

Ten points for this.

Give two answers as soon as your name is called.

In addition to the Basque Country,

three autonomous communities in Spain border France.

Name two of them.

Navarre and Galicia.

No. Would anyone like to pass it on to...

Navarre and Catalonia.

The other one is Aragon. Yes. So you get a set of bonuses.

This time, Gonville Caius, on the sciences.

In cell biology, what type of stem cell has the potential

to differentiate into cells derived from any of the three germ layers?

Pluripotent? Yeah. Pluripotent.

Correct.

In 2012, which Japanese researcher shared the Nobel Prize for Medicine

for his discovery that epithelial cells

can be artificially induced to have pluripotent capabilities?

Yamanaka.

Correct. Also in 2012, Yamanaka shared the 1.2 million euro

Millenium Technology Prize with Linus Torvalds,

the creator of which is free and open source operating system?

Linux. Linux.

Correct. We're going to take a second picture round now.

For your picture starter,

you're going to see a painting of a literary character.

Ten points if you can identify her.

Is it Ophelia?

It is Ophelia, by Delacroix, yes.

Very good. Very good.

Your picture bonuses are three more depictions of Ophelia,

all of them also from the 19th century.

This time, in each case, I simply want you to identify the artist.

Firstly, for five.

Which century was it? 19th century.

THEY WHISPER

Rossetti.

Rossetti is correct. Secondly.

THEY WHISPER

Could be another Pre-Raphaelite, couldn't it?

THEY WHISPER Hunt? Yeah.

Hunt.

No, it's John William Waterhouse. And finally.

THEY WHISPER

Millais.

Millais is right. Right, it's a starter question.

Joey Dunlop, who died in 2000,

is best known for his 26 wins in various classes of which annual...

Motorcycling.

I'm afraid you lose five points.

In various classes of which annual event

run in late May and early June on the Snaefell Mountain Course?

Skiing.

No, it's the Isle Of Man TT.

He'd given you most of it.

We take another starter question now.

The daughter of Asclepius and Epione,

which goddess gives her name to a modern-day term

for a universal remedy? Her name in Greek...

Um...

Sorry, if you buzz... Sorry. ..you must answer.

You can have the rest of it, St Anne's,

and I'm afraid you're going to lose five points.

Caius, her name in Greek means "all healing."

Um, Hole.

No, it's Panacea. Ten points for this.

Which ballet company was formed in Moscow in 1776

by an English entrepreneur and a Russian patron of the arts?

It derives its name from the Russian word for "big".

Bolshoi.

Bolshoi is correct, yes.

APPLAUSE

Right, these bonuses are on a revolutionary, St Anne's.

In an address to the UN General Assembly in 1964,

who said that the last hour of colonialism has struck

and millions rise

to assert their unrestricted right to self-determination?

THEY WHISPER Castro.

No, it was Che Guevara.

Che Guevara was born in 1928 in which country?

SHE WHISPERS: Argentina. Argentina.

Correct. In which country was Che Guevara killed in 1967

while leading a guerrilla group in the... Bolivia.

Correct. Ten points for this. Five minutes to go.

Notations including 'e' for the base of natural logarithms

and 'i' for the square root of -1...

Euler.

Euler is correct, yes.

APPLAUSE

Gonville Caius, these bonuses are on the films of Wim Wenders.

In each case, name the film from the description.

Firstly, a 1984 film that opens with a man walking out of the desert...

That's Paris, Texas.

Correct. Secondly, a 1987 film about an angel who falls in love

with a trapeze artist.

Wings Of Desire.

Correct. And finally, a 1999 documentary about Cuban musicians.

HE WHISPERS: Buena Vista Social Club.

Buena Vista Social Club.

Correct, ten points for this.

Won by one of China's largest internet portals,

which microblogging service had by mid-2012

gained more than 300 million registered users

and has been called China's version of Twitter?

Weibo.

I'll accept that. "Wei-bore" is how you pronounce it. Sina Weibo.

Well done. Set of bonuses for you.

Your bonuses are on music.

In each case, listen to the pair of composers

and give the unique full decade during which both were alive,

understand? Yep.

Firstly, Frank Schubert and Felix Mendelssohn.

THEY WHISPER 1810s?

20s? Yeah.

1820s.

No, it was the 1810s.

Secondly, Robert Schumann and Johannes Brahms.

Later '40s or something maybe.

'50s maybe. THEY WHISPER

1840s.

It was the 1840s. And finally, Hector Berlioz and Edvard Grieg.

1880s or something. Yeah. 1880s.

No, it's the 1850s. Ten points for this.

Which royal officer gave his name to a law of 1494 that made the...

Poynings.

Poynings is correct, yes.

You get a set of bonuses this time on a scientific study, St Anne's.

Cytology, that is C-Y-T-O, is the study

of the structure and function of what biological entities?

SHE WHISPERS: Cells. Cells.

Correct. In plant cells, what is the key structure or organelle

necessary for photosynthesis?

SHE WHISPERS: Chloroplast. Chloroplast.

Correct. Which organelles found in animal cells

contain hydrolytic enzymes

that break down waste materials and cellular debris?

SHE WHISPERS

Lysosomes.

Lysosomes is right. Two and a half minutes to go. Ten points for this.

What five-letter word links a magnetometer

which uses pairs of superconducting Josephson junctions

and a cephalopod with eight arms and two tentacles?

Squid.

Squid is correct.

Here are your bonuses. This time, on the writings of Angela Carter.

Angela Carter's 1984 novel Nights At The Circus

has as its protagonist Fevvers,

a practitioner of what circus skill?

SHE WHISPERS: Don't know if it's a tightrope walker.

Tightrope walker.

No, she was an aerialiste.

Uh, in the collection entitled Black Venus,

which US historical figure does Carter portray

in her short story The Fall River Axe Murders?

SHE WHISPERS Sorry?

Don't know. Don't know, sorry.

It was Lizzie Borden.

Did you lean over just to be told, "I don't know?"

THEY LAUGH

And finally, for five points,

based on her short story of the same name,

what is the title of the 1984 film

directed by Neil Jordan, with whom she wrote the screenplay?

SHE WHISPERS

THEY WHISPER

Oprah Winfrey.

THEY LAUGH

No, it's The Company Of Wolves. Ten points for this.

Norway, Sweden, Burma, Austria, Peru, Egypt, Ghana and South Korea

are the countries of origin of those who, since...

Secretary-General of the United Nations.

Correct. APPLAUSE

A set of bonuses for you on phobias.

From the Greek, the term alektorophobia

denotes a fear of what animals?

THEY WHISPER

It's not snakes and spiders.

Come on, let's have it.

Alligators. Alligators.

No, it's chickens.

Also from the Greek, dikephobia is a fear of what concept?

Jus... It's justice. Justice.

Correct.

And, again, from the Greek, rhytiphobia

is a fear of what symptom of ageing?

Wrinkles? Wrinkles or... Wrinkles.

Getting wrinkles is correct. Ten points for this.

What was originally composed as War Song Of The Army Of The Rhine

by the army officer...

The Marseillaise.

The Marseillaise is right, yes.

APPLAUSE

Right, your bonuses now are on SI prefixes.

In each case, give the power of 10 represented by the following,

firstly, exa.

18... Eight... 18.

Correct. Secondly, pico.

GONG SOUNDS

APPLAUSE And that's the Gong.

St Anne's College, Oxford have 105.

Gonville Caius College, Cambridge have 305.

Well, St Annes, I'm afraid you were well beaten there

and I very, very, very much doubt that that'll be a high enough score

to come back as one of the highest scoring losers, but never mind,

you were a nice team and you played in the spirit of the game

so thank you very much. At least you seemed to enjoy it.

Gonville Caius, 305 is a terrific score

and we shall look forward to seeing you for sure

in the next round of the contest.

Thank you very much for joining us and congratulations.

I hope you can join us next time, but until then,

it's goodbye from St Anne's College, Oxford. ALL: Bye.

And it's goodbye from Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge. ALL: Bye.

And it's goodbye from me. Goodbye.

APPLAUSE

Imagine a world

where you could see with sound.