Episode 8 University Challenge

Asking the questions, Jeremy Paxman.

Hello. Scotland plays England tonight for a place in the second round.

The winners go through automatically,

the losers could play again

if their score places them among the four highest-scoring

losing teams in the first round.

The University of Bath can trace its roots to a trade school

established in Bristol in 1856,

which later came under the wing of the Merchant Venturers,

an ancient guild which at one time

had effective control over Bristol's port.

Following the Robbins Committee report in 1963,

and with Bristol unable to provide land for the rapidly expanding college,

it found a location on Claverton Down, overlooking the city of Bath.

The University has a strong reputation in science and sport,

and in their captain's words,

"Bath students are characterised by

"hypertrophic left brains and biceps."

Even the most cursory glance at tonight's four

tells us everything about their biceps,

the next half hour will reveal all about their brains.

Alumni include the weatherman Bill Giles

and the former boss of Sainsbury's Justin King.

And with an average age of 20,

representing around 15,000 students, let's meet the Bath team.

Hi, I'm Phil Herbert. I'm from Harrogate in North Yorkshire

and I'm studying computer science and maths.

Hello, I'm Scott Kemp. I'm from Hertford and I'm reading mathematics.

And this is their captain.

Hi, I'm Miles Thomas. I'm from London and I'm studying mathematics.

Hi, I'm Henry Rackley. I'm from Cirencester in Gloucestershire

and I'm reading chemistry.

APPLAUSE

The University of Glasgow is making its first appearance

on this series for almost ten years.

The team reckon 2014 is an auspicious year for them

with Scotland hosting the Commonwealth Games,

and, of course, the referendum on independence.

The University is the second oldest in Scotland.

It was created by a papal bull

issued in 1451 by Pope Nicholas V at the suggestion of James II

to allow Bishop William Turnbull to add a university to the city's cathedral,

and teaching began in the confines of the chapter house.

It later expanded,

with a gift in 1563 of 13 acres of land from Mary Queen of Scots.

Alumni include the economist Adam Smith,

the writer Tobias Smollet,

the inventor of television John Logie Baird

and the politicians Vince Cable,

Menzies Campbell and Charles Kennedy.

Representing over 23,000 students, with an average age of 23,

let's meet the Glasgow team

aiming to be the first Scottish university to win this series

since 1983.

Hi, I'm Jonathan Gillan. I'm from Inverness and I'm studying classics.

Hi, I'm Christina McGuire. I'm from Glasgow and I'm studying chemistry.

And this is their captain.

Hi, I'm Daniel Hill.

I'm from Cupar in Fife and I'm studying archaeology and history.

Hi, I'm Erin White. I'm from Edinburgh and I'm studying genetics.

APPLAUSE

The rules never change, so let's put fingers on buzzers

and have your first starter for ten.

Meanings of what term include in psychology,

a close relationship that provides emotional security and support,

in Buddhism, clinging to sense pleasures or mistaken views

and in computing, a file that's sent in an e-mail...?

BUZZER

-Attachment.

-Correct.

APPLAUSE

Right, your first set of bonuses are on British monarchs since 1707.

In rejecting the Scottish Militia Bill,

who became the last British monarch to refuse the royal assent

to a bill passed by both Houses of Parliament?

-Queen Anne.

-Yes, she didn't trust the Scots, you see.

Who was the last British monarch to lead troops into battle?

I want the monarch and the present-day country in which the battle took place.

(George II?)

And the country...

George II, Germany.

Correct, yes. The Battle of Dettingen.

Finally, who was the last British monarch to rule over India?

(George VI?)

-George VI.

-Clean sweep, well done.

APPLAUSE

Right, a starter question.

Her husband's succession to the peerage in 1919

led to the election of which political figure

as the member for Plymouth Sutton,

the first woman to take her seat in the House of Commons?

BUZZER

-Nancy Astor.

-Yes.

APPLAUSE

Bonuses this time on philosophy and literature, Glasgow.

From the Latin for nothing,

what term denotes the philosophy of scepticism

and the repudiation of moral principles

that originated in 19th century Russia?

-Nihilism.

-Correct.

In the 1862 novel Fathers And Sons, which Russian author

popularised the term nihilist through the figure of Bazarov?

-Turgenev.

-Correct.

Nihilism is a theme in The Bet and Three Sisters,

works by which Russian literary figure born in 1860?

(Tolstoy?)

(Dostoyevsky?)

What are we going to go for?

-Go for it.

-Dostoyevsky.

No, it was Chekhov.

Ten points for this. A number of chemical elements have more neutrons

than protons in the nucleus of their most abundant isotope.

Which of these elements has the smallest atomic number?

BUZZER

Hydrogen?

-Bath, one of you like to buzz?

-BUZZER

Deuterium.

No, it's lithium. Ten points for this.

What single word links a geological theory

put forward by Alfred Wegener,

the army of the 13 colonies during the American War of Independence...?

BUZZER

-Continental.

-Correct.

APPLAUSE

Your bonuses are on evolution, Glasgow.

From the Greek meaning "other land", what type of speciation occurs

when a population is separated by habitat fragmentation

such as a geographical barrier and evolves into two independent groups?

-Any ideas?

-Um...

Yes, but no, erm... Ah...

-(Pass.)

-Pass.

-It's allopatric speciation.

Secondly, what two-word term denotes the hypothesis,

popularised by Niles Eldredge and Stephen Jay Gould,

which proposes that, once established, most species

do not change significantly over long periods of time?

(Something stagnation? Two-word, erm...)

Any ideas? No? Sorry, pass.

It's punctuated equilibrium.

And finally, what five-letter term denotes a monophyletic

group of organisms containing an ancestor and all its descendants?

It may be regarded as a single branch on a tree of life.

-Phylum.

-No, it's a clade.

We're going to take a picture round now.

For your picture starter, you'll see the track listing

of the first side of an album with the title track removed.

For ten points, I want you to give me the missing title.

BUZZER

-Sgt Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band.

-Correct.

APPLAUSE

Glasgow, your bonuses for this picture round are the track lists

of three more seminal albums, each with the eponymous tracks removed.

In each case, I simply want you to give me the missing title. Firstly, for five.

-London Calling by The Clash.

-Correct.

Secondly.

(It's Dylan.)

(Blonde On Blonde?)

-(Maybe. Yeah.)

-Shall we go with Blonde On Blonde?

-Er, Blonde On Blonde.

-Nearly, it was Highway 61 Revisited.

And finally.

(It's Thriller.)

-Thriller, Michael Jackson.

-Yes.

-APPLAUSE

-Right, ten points for this starter question.

Which German mathematician and philosopher

-was the author of the 18...?

-BUZZER

Leibniz.

I'm afraid you lose five points.

The 1879 work Begriffsschrift or Concept Writing,

a principle work of modern mathematical logic

that pioneered the analytic tradition in philosophy?

BUZZER

Hegel?

Nope. It was Frege. Ten points for this.

Characters including the psychologist,

the provincial mayor and the medical man

meet for dinner at the home of the creator of what eponymous device...?

BUZZER

-The Time Machine.

-Yes.

APPLAUSE

More books now.

Your bonuses are on teachers' favourite books according

to a survey in 2013 in the Times educational supplement.

Number one on the list, which 19th-century novel

may have come out on top because, according to one expert,

"There are more female than male teachers

"and people who like that book tend to be female"?

WHISPERING

-(Unless it's, like, the Brontes...)

-Was it 18th century?

-Yeah.

-(Then could it be Villette because that's set in a school?)

-Let's say that.

-Villette.

No, it's Pride And Prejudice.

All of the top five books on the list are by women authors.

To Kill A Mockingbird and the Harry Potter series are at two and three,

which novels, published in 1847, are at four and five?

-(1847...)

-(1847.)

(I don't know.)

(Say Wuthering Heights and whichever other Bronte we know.)

-Wuthering Heights and Jane Eyre.

-Correct.

At number 56 in the survey,

the transformational plot of which children's counting book

was described by one academic as being,

"Worthy of Life Of Pi, possibly even more meaningful than Life Of Pi"?

Counting book?

-It's going to be, like, The Hungry Caterpillar or something.

-I think so.

-Let's say The Hungry Caterpillar.

-We're saying that?

-Yeah.

The Hungry Caterpillar.

You've got the right book. It's called The Very Hungry Caterpillar.

-APPLAUSE

-OK, ten points for this.

Marine ragworms, paddle worms, earth worms

and leeches all belong to which animal phylum?

Its name derives from the Latin for ring denotes worms with

-a distinct...

-BUZZER

Annulus.

No. Glasgow? You can have a little more actually.

Denoting worms with a distinct head and clear segmentation.

That means I must fine you five points, I'm sorry.

Anyone want to buzz from Glasgow?

You just misremembered. They're annelids.

Right, ten points for this.

Coming into wide usage in the 17th century

with the writings of the Dutch jurist Hugo Grotius,

what two-word Latin term indicates a public justification

for military action against another country?

BUZZER

-Casus belli.

-Casus belli is correct, yes.

-APPLAUSE

Right, these bonuses are on buildings that were never built.

Firstly, the architect Vladimir Tatlin

designed a 400m-high double-helixed tower

intended to mark which revolutionary congress in Petrograd

in 1919 and 20?

(The first Soviet...)

(The first Bolshevik?)

(1919...)

(The insurgents?)

(I don't know.)

-Erm... First Soviet Congress?

-No, it was the Third International.

Secondly, which architect worked with Adolf Hitler

on the design of the People's Hall in Berlin?

The projected building was so vast that the condensed breath

of its 180,000 capacity crowd would have caused rainfall.

-Albert Speer.

-Correct.

Which US architect designed the Illinois in 1956, a mile-high

Chicago skyscraper capable of containing a city of 100,000 people?

-Frank Lloyd Wright.

-Correct.

-APPLAUSE

-Ten points for this.

One of Britain's earliest safari parks,

which stately home near Warminster in Wiltshire is the seat...?

BUZZER

-Longleat.

-Longleat is correct, yes.

-APPLAUSE

Just round the corner from you, isn't it?

Right, your bonuses are on European politics, Bath.

In each case, identify the country from three of its current political parties.

Firstly, PASOC, New Democracy and Golden Dawn.

-Greece.

-Correct.

Partido Social Democrata, Partido Ecologista "Os Verdes"

and Bloco de Esquerda.

-(Portugal or Spain?)

-- (Spain? Spanish?)

- (I reckon it's Portugal.)

-Portugal.

-It is Portugal.

And finally, for a possible five, the Nieuw-Vlaamse Alliantie,

Christen-Democratisch en Vlaams and the Mouvement Reformateur.

-(Pretty sure that's the Netherlands.)

-(Do you think?)

-(Yeah.)

-The Netherlands or Belgium.

-Or Germany? It's not Germany.

-Not Germany, OK.

-The Netherlands then.

-Could it be Belgium?

-Could be, but...

-Netherlands.

-No, it was Belgium, bad luck.

Right, music round now.

For your music starter you'll hear three pieces of popular music

segued into one another.

For ten points, I want the city that connects all these artists

either by birth or career.

# I am a passenger

# And I ride and I ride... #

# Danger, danger! # BUZZER

-Detroit.

-Detroit is right, yes.

APPLAUSE

You heard Iggy Pop, Electric Six.

You would have heard Marvin Gaye if you'd carried on listening,

but you were too quick.

Well done.

So, they were all connected, as you noticed, with Detroit.

Your bonuses, three more montages of popular musicians

with a location in common.

Five points for each you can name, and again,

you'll be hearing three pieces for each question.

So it might be in your interest to hear all three before you answer,

up to you.

Firstly, the US State that links the following three.

# Just couldn't take it I tried hard not to fake it

# But I fumbled it When I came down to the wire... #

(We'll just listen.)

# Don't speak I know just what you're saying

# So please stop explaining Don't tell me cos it hurts... #

(California?)

# Do you have the time To listen to me whine

# About nothing and everything all at once? #

California.

Indeed, you got it straightaway. It's Haim, No Doubt and Green Day.

Secondly, the country connecting these three.

# Do what I want cos I can and if I don't because I wanna... #

(That's Sweden. Swedish.)

-# I saw the sign... #

-(Ace of Base!)

# It opened up my eyes I saw the sign... #

# Love me, love me Say that you love me

# Fool me, fool me... #

-Sweden.

-It is Sweden.

That was The Hives, Ace of Base and The Cardigans.

Finally, the city connecting these three.

# Enola Gay, you should have stayed at home yesterday... #

# In this world We've got to find the time... #

(It's The Lightning Seeds, isn't it?)

# For the life of Riley... #

# There she goes... #

(Then it's Liverpool.)

# There she goes again... #

It's er...Liverpool.

You're good at this, aren't you? Yes, that's right,

Orchestral Manoeuvres In The Dark, The Lightning Seeds and The La's.

Well done. Ten points for this starter question.

Which human steroid hormone is produced by Leydig cells

which are found adjacent to the seminiferous tubules?

BUZZER

-Testosterone.

-Correct.

APPLAUSE

Right, these bonuses are on paintings and art galleries, Glasgow.

The Courtauld Gallery in London houses an earlier version

of which painting by Manet?

The later version, now in Musee d'Orsay, sparked notoriety

because of its portrayal of a nude woman with fully-dressed men.

-(I have no idea at all.)

-No idea?

Sorry, we don't know.

It's Le Dejeuner Sur L'Herbe, luncheon on the grass.

Born 1684, which Flemish artist painted works

on the theme of Kithira, the island of love,

now housed in the Charlottenburg in Berlin and in the Louvre?

(Any Flemish artists...?)

-Er, pass.

-That was Watteau.

And finally, galleries in Munich, Tokyo, Amsterdam and London

house noted examples of paintings

from a still-life series begun in 1888.

Who is the artist and what objects are depicted?

(From a still life?)

Cezanne and flowers.

No, it's Van Gogh's Sunflowers. So, another starter question.

Listen carefully, during the 20th century, four men succeeded

to the US presidency following the death of the incumbent.

Theodore Roosevelt was the first, can you name two of the others?

BUZZER

Er, Lyndon B Johnson and...William McKinley?

-No.

-BUZZER

Lyndon B Johnson and Calvin Coolidge.

-Correct, yes. Truman was the other one.

-APPLAUSE

So, Bath, your bonuses are on household water usage

using figures from the website of the Consumer Council for Water.

In each case, you can have 10% either way.

According to the Consumer Council for Water,

the average household bath uses how many litres of water?

(What's the dimensions, roughly?) (I reckon it's about 70 litres.)

(Probably about 1.7m long...)

-(And 70...)

-(50... Call it 65.)

(No... Just guess.)

-70.

-No, it's 80 apparently.

Based on typical usage of different types of shower, including power showers,

the Council estimates the average shower to be how many litres?

-(I think it's less. It is, it's less.)

-(30, about 30?)

-30.

-No, it's 46 litres.

And finally, based on typical average usage

of different types of toilets, including dual flush,

how many litres are used in the average lavatory flush?

(How much does a cistern hold?) (Probably about... Three to four?)

(I'll say five. Say five.)

-Five.

-No, it's seven and a half, apparently.

Right, ten points for this.

Which country of birth or residence links the following literary figures?

Elena Poniatowska, Laura Esquivel, Carlos Fuentes and Octavio Paz.

BUZZER

Italy.

-Glasgow?

-BUZZER

-Mexico.

-Mexico is correct.

APPLAUSE

These bonuses are on mathematics, Glasgow.

As X tends to infinity,

what is the limit of the function obtained by dividing X to the power n

by the exponential function E to the power X?

(Who here has higher maths?)

(Divided by...?)

(Is there any point?)

Pass.

It's zero.

The function obtained by dividing X to the power N

by the exponential function is maximised on the positive

real axis at which value of X?

(Should we just guess some numbers?)

-One.

-No, it's N.

In analytic geometry, what term from the Greek for "not falling together"

denotes a straight line that continually approaches

a given curve but doesn't meet it at any finite distance?

-Nominate McGuire.

-Asymptote.

-Correct.

APPLAUSE

Right, we're going to take a picture round now.

For your picture starter, you'll see a photograph of an historical figure.

Ten points if you can name the man in the car.

BUZZER

Franz Ferdinand.

It is the Archduke Franz Ferdinand,

taken just before...his assassination.

The assassination of Franz Ferdinand, of course,

sparked the First World War.

For your bonuses, three depictions of leading political figures

during the war, five points for each you can name.

Firstly, who's this?

(He was assassinated?)

(No, leading figures in the war.)

-Clemenceau.

-It is Clemenceau,

a portrait by Edouard Manet. Secondly.

-Asquith.

-It was, the Prime Minister at the start of the war. And finally.

-(Er, that's...)

-(The Czar?)

-(Is it the Czar or is it the English one?

George the...)

-George V.

-No, that's Czar Nicholas II.

There is a vague resemblance, but no, it wasn't. That's the Czar.

Right, ten points for this.

After oxygen and carbon,

what is the third most abundant chemical element in the human body,

-comprising around 10% of its weight?

-BUZZER

Nitrogen.

-No. One of you buzz from Glasgow.

-BUZZER

-Phosphorous.

-No, it's not phosphorous, it's hydrogen.

Ten points for this. In addition to Pen-y-ghent and Whernside,

which hill in the Yorkshire dales must be ascended

to complete the walk known as the Three Peaks Challenge?

BUZZER

Is it Ben Nevis?

-No.

-In the Yorkshire Dales? No. Er, Glasgow?

-BUZZER

-Scafell Pike.

-No, that's in the Lake District. It's Ingleborough.

Ten points for this. In the context of recent fictional titles,

which plural noun comes next in this sequence?

-A Clash Of Kings, A Storm Of Swords and A Feast For...

-BUZZER

Crows.

Crows is correct, yes.

APPLAUSE

Game Of Thrones. Your bonuses are on French past participles.

In each case, give the culinary term from the description.

Firstly, from the French verb "to melt",

a sauce made of melted cheese and wine into which pieces of bread or meat are dipped.

(That's not a roux, is it?) (It's not a roux.)

(Is it, like, a jus?)

-Nominate Rackley.

-A jus.

No, that's a juice usually. It's a fondue.

Secondly, from the past participle of "to blow",

a baked dish made with whisked egg whites.

-Souffle.

-Correct.

From the past participle of the French for "to jump",

a verb meaning to fry lightly and quickly.

-Saute.

-Yes.

Four and a half minutes to go. Ten points for this.

"I believe there has been no law so often infamously administered,

"no law so openly violated."

These words of Charles Dickens refer to which law, reformed in 1834?

BUZZER

-Poor laws.

-Poor law is correct, yes.

APPLAUSE

These bonuses are on a shared prefix, Bath.

What term denotes a system of beliefs

mistakenly regarded as based on scientific method?

It was first recorded in 1796 in reference to alchemy.

Pseudoscience?

Correct. What is the literal meaning of pseudocarp?

It is applied to strawberries and apples

which incorporate tissue not derived from the ovary wall.

(False, maybe?)

(False. False what?)

-False body?

-No, it's false fruit.

Pseudopodia are temporary cytoplasmic extensions

formed for the purpose of locomotion by which unicellular protozoans?

(Amoeba?)

(It's going to be false something.)

-Amoeba.

-Amoeba is right. Ten points for this.

Discovered in 1944, which transuranic element,

with the atomic number 95,

-is found in many types...?

-BUZZER

-Americium.

-Correct.

APPLAUSE

These bonuses are on Russian cities, Bath.

Between 1940 and 1957,

the city of Perm was renamed after which Soviet foreign minister?

The Finns gave his name to home-made incendiary devices used...

-Molotov.

-Correct.

Between 1932 and 1990, the name of the city of Nizhny Novgorod

was changed to which pseudonym

of the author Alexei Maximovich Peshkov?

-(Might be Petrograd.)

-Petrograd.

No, it was Gorky.

After a major river, what is the name of the city

known until 1925 as Tsaritsyn and from then until 1961 as Stalingrad?

-Nominate Rackley.

-Volgograd.

Volgograd is correct. Ten points for this.

Which of Shakespeare's tragedies includes the lines,

"But I will wear my heart upon my sleeve.

-"For daws to peck at..."?

-BUZZER

-Othello.

-Othello is correct, yes.

These bonuses are on an ancient region, Glasgow.

Sidon and Tyre were major cities of which ancient region,

roughly corresponding to modern Lebanon?

-Phoenicia.

-Correct.

Which ancient city of Phoenicia gave its name

to the early Greek name for papyrus and later, by extension,

to the English word for a particular sacred text?

-Let's have it, please.

-Byblos.

-Correct.

Traditionally founded by the Phoenicians of Tyre in 814 BCE,

which great city of antiquity is now part of...?

-Carthage.

-Correct. Ten points for this starter question.

What short word is spelt by using

the symbol for momentum in physics,

the symbol of the base of the natural logarithm

-and the letter at the top of a compass rose?

-BUZZER

-Pen.

-Pen is correct. Here are your bonuses.

They're on Europe in the 1490s.

At the Peace of Etaples in 1492,

Charles VIII of France agreed to withdraw support

for which pretender to the English throne?

(Holland, maybe?)

-Come on.

-Nominate Rackley.

-Henry II.

-No, it was Perkin Warbeck.

Which town in north western Spain

gives its name to a treaty of 1494

that aimed to divide newly discovered lands between Spain and Portugal?

(La Coruna, was it?)

-Nominate Kemp.

-La Coruna.

No, it's Tordesillas.

By the Treaty of Basel in 1499,

which emperor recognised the virtual independence

of the Swiss Confederation from the Holy Roman Empire?

(Try Frederick.)

-Frederick the Great.

-No, it was Maximilian I. Ten points for this.

"It was long a despotism tempered by epigrams."

These words of Thomas Carlyle refer to which country,

the subject of his historical work of 1837?

BUZZER

-England.

-No. Glasgow, one of you buzz.

-BUZZER

-Prussia?

-No, it's France. Another starter question. Listen carefully.

What digit completes this sequence, read in reverse order?

8, 2, 8, 1, 8, 2, 8, 1, 7.0 and...?

BUZZER

-Two?

-Correct.

-APPLAUSE

Your bonuses are on the operas of Benjamin Britten now.

In each case, name the work from the description.

Firstly, a 1951 opera, adapted from a novella by Herman Melville.

-Do we know any?

-Quick.

-(Oh, Moby Dick.)

-Moby Dick.

-No, it was Billy Bud. A 1954 opera adapted from a novella by Henry...

-GONG

-And at the gong, Bath have 120, Glasgow have 190.

-APPLAUSE

It was The Turn Of The Screw. You'd have got that, of course, but...

You'd have got a lot of stuff, if we had another half hour.

It took you a long time to get going, Bath.

In those last few minutes, we saw what you could possibly do.

Glasgow, 190, well done. Convincing victory from you. We look forward to seeing you in Round Two.

I hope you can join us next time for another first round match,

-but until then it's goodbye from Bath University...

-Goodbye.

-..it's goodbye from Glasgow University.

-Goodbye.

Goodbye from me, goodbye.