Episode 24 University Challenge

APPLAUSE

University Challenge.

Asking the questions, Jeremy Paxman.

Hello. 28 teams qualified to appear in this series.

12 fell by the wayside during the first round.

Seven more have bitten the dust during this second round,

which ends tonight. Only one place remains in the quarterfinals

and both tonight's teams want it.

Well, they think they do now.

The four from St John's College, Oxford, achieved

one of the strongest scores of the first round

when they beat Bristol University by 255 points to 125.

They missed very little and did well

on dungeons and dragons in English literature and biblical book clouds.

And they were very happy with some gruesome depictions

of what Judith did to Holofernes.

With an average age of 19, let's meet the St John's team again.

Hi, my name is Alex Harries.

I'm originally from South Wales and I'm reading History.

Hello, my name is Charlie Clegg, I'm from Glasgow

and I'm reading Theology.

-This is their captain.

-Hi, my name is Angus Russell,

I'm from Mill Hill in north London and I study History and Russian.

Hi, I'm Dan Sowood.

I'm from Uxbridge in Middlesex and I'm reading Chemistry.

APPLAUSE

The team from Queen's, Belfast, maintained a steady lead

throughout their first-round match against Sussex University,

winning comfortably by 195 points to 125.

They may need to brush up their Shakespeare,

but they recognised Edmund Burke, WH Auden

and the Velvet Underground as if they were all old pals.

With an average age of 28, let's meet the Queen's, Belfast, team again.

Hi, I'm Alistair Mallon from Belfast.

I'm studying a Masters degree in Irish Studies.

Hi, I'm Jethro Waldron.

I'm originally from Ripley in Derbyshire

and I'm studying for a Masters in Irish Literature.

And let's meet their captain.

Hello, my name is Jack Ruddy, I'm from Dorset and I'm reading History.

Hi, I'm Charlie Shimmins, I'm from the Isle of Man

and I'm studying International Politics and Conflict Studies.

APPLAUSE

OK, shall we just get on with it? Fingers on buzzers.

Here's your first starter for 10.

What word denotes in general terms a receptacle for a grocery item,

in computing, a decoy website to draw hackers or spammers,

in espionage, a form of recruitment through seduction,

and in the tourism industry...?

Honey trap.

No. And you lose five points.

And in the tourism industry,

a place that draws a large number of visitors.

-Honeypot.

-Honeypot is correct, yes.

OK, you get a set of bonuses on the human figure in British art.

Firstly, a living human figure sleeping in a glass vitrine

comprises the work The Maybe, first displayed in 1995

and exhibited again in 2013 in New York's Museum of Modern Art.

Which actress was the figure on display?

-Tilda Swinton?

-Did she go in for things like this?

-Go for it?

-Tilda Swinton?

-Correct.

100 life-sized human figures created by Antony Gormley

for a work entitled Another Place took up permanent residence in 2007

on which beach in Merseyside?

Merseyside?

Morecambe's not Merseyside.

Um... Oh, gosh.

I thought it was Crosby beach. That's Merseyside.

-Crosby?

-Correct.

Two living human figures painted gold and miming to a song

by Flanagan and Allen comprise the Singing Sculpture of 1969,

devised and performed by which artists?

-Gilbert and George.

-Nominate Clegg.

-Gilbert and George.

-Correct. 10 points for this.

"His philosophy is so odd that one would not have expected him

"to be able to get sane men to accept it, but he did.

"He set it out with so much obscurity

"that people thought it must be profound."

These words of Bertrand Russell refer to which philosopher?

Born in Stuttgart in 1770, he's especially noted

for his three-stage process of dialectical reasoning.

-Hegel?

-Hegel is correct, yes.

APPLAUSE

Your first bonuses, Queen's, are on apps.

Launched in February 2013,

which app for decluttering Gmail inboxes

was bought by the cloud storage firm Dropbox

for a rumoured 100 million the following month?

-Pass.

-It's Mailbox.

Founded by Michael Hayward,

which app has been called a mashup of Twitter and Snapchat

and allows users to type out a short confessional message,

overlay it on a related image and share it anonymously?

It's not Kick, is it?

-Is it Kick?

-Kick.

No, it's Whisper.

Allowing users to trade text, pictures and videos

over their smartphones, which mobile messaging service

was bought by Facebook for 19 billion in February 2014?

WhatsApp?

-WhatsApp.

-Correct. 10 points for this.

Which London Street is this?

In Jane Austen's Mansfield Park, Mr Rushworth takes a house there.

In Shaw's Pygmalion, Henry Higgins lived at 27a.

At number 50, Elizabeth Barrett was kept a virtual prisoner by her father...

-Wimpole Street.

-Correct.

APPLAUSE

These bonuses, Queen's, are on sociology.

Coined in 1922 by the US sociologist William Ogburn,

what two-word term refers to the gap that develops

between fast-changing technology

and other slower-paced socio-cultural traits?

-Culture gap.

-It's the cultural lag, is the term.

Secondly, what term was introduced by US sociologist William G Sumner

in his 1906 work Folkways?

He defined it as the view of things

in which one's own group is the centre of everything

and all others are scaled and rated with reference to it?

INAUDIBLE CONFERRING

-Socio-centric.

-No, it's ethnocentrism.

Abbreviated to TCK, what term was coined by Dr Ruth Hill Useem

and refers to a young person who spent a significant part

of their developmental years outside their parents' culture?

INAUDIBLE

-Pass.

-It's third culture kid.

We'll take a picture round now.

You're going to see a map showing the migration of a specific group

during the period that saw

a large-scale movement of peoples across the territory

and former territories of the moribund Western Roman Empire.

10 points if you can give the name by which the group

who made the indicated migration are commonly known.

-The Huns?

-Correct.

APPLAUSE

OK, Queen's, you're going to see

three more migrations now for your picture bonuses,

this time all made by Germanic tribes

into the territories of the collapsing Western Roman Empire.

Five points for each tribe you can name. Firstly...

-The Visigoths.

-That is correct, yes. Secondly...

-The Goths.

-No, that's the Vandals.

You can see they took Carthage there. And finally...

It's either the Angles or the Saxons.

Or is it the Jutes? Jutes?

-Jutes?

-It is the Jutes, yes. 10 points for this.

Examples being found in Texas, Florida, Alaska, Oklahoma and Idaho,

what informal term denotes a narrow strip of territory

with a land border on at least two sides,

extending out from the geographical body of the state?

The term refers to a part of a household...?

-Panhandle.

-Correct.

APPLAUSE

You could retake the lead if you get these bonuses.

They're on mythical creatures.

Which mythical beast is usually described as having

the head of a man, the body of a lion and the tail of a dragon or scorpion?

Its name appears in the title of the second volume

of Robertson Davies's the Deptford Trilogy.

-Yes.

-Sphinx?

No, it's the Manticore.

In Greek mythology, which child-eating monster is a serpent

with the head and breasts of a woman?

She is also the title character of a poem by Keats.

-Hydra?

-Yeah.

-Hydra?

-No, it's Lamia.

Which mythical beast has the head and four legs of a horse

and the body and tail of a dolphin or fish?

It's among the figures depicted

in the sculpture of the Trevi Fountain in Rome.

There's one in Rockefeller as well.

It's a, um...

-Triton's the god.

-Yeah, it's...

-It's like a mermaid, but it's not.

-I'll go with Triton.

Triton?

No, it's a Hippocamp or Hippocampus. 10 points for this.

The astronomical sources Centaurus X-3,

Vela and the Crab all hold what type of object

that typically emits short bursts of radio

and other electromagnetic radiation in a regular pattern?

-Pulsar.

-Correct.

APPLAUSE

You get the lead and a set of bonuses on mathematics.

What is the lowest order of polynomial

for which no general solution can be expressed

in terms of simple arithmetical operations?

-One?

-No, it's the fifth, the quintic.

The proof that the quintic is not solvable algebraically

is attributed jointly to the Italian Paolo Ruffini

and which Norwegian mathematician?

In group theory, commutative groups are named after him.

INAUDIBLE

-Nominate Sowood.

-Schoenflies?

-No, it's Abel.

Finally, born in 1811,

which French mathematician gives his name to the class of groups

with which the general quintic equation can be associated?

-What was the date again?

-1811.

I think it's a bit late for Pascal, isn't it?

-Try De Moivre.

-De Moivre?

-Yes.

-De Moivre?

-No, it's Galois. 10 points for this.

What precise three-word term did President Eisenhower coin

to describe the Alliance of Armed Forces, government agencies...?

-Military industrial complex.

-Correct. Well done.

APPLAUSE

Your bonuses are on cities in the Rhone Valley.

Firstly for five, which city provided inspiration for Vincent van Gogh

when he settled there for 15 months?

His works from that period include Starry Night Over The Rhone

and Cafe Terrace At Night.

Arles? Could be Arles.

Go for Arles?

-Arles.

-Arles is correct.

Which town between Valence and Orange

is a major centre for the production of nougat?

INAUDIBLE CONFERRING

-It's not Avignon, is it?

-Avignon?

No, it's Montelimar.

Finally, from 1309 until 1377, which city on the Rhone

was the residence of the Popes during their exile from Rome?

It remained in papal hands until the Revolution.

-Avignon.

-Avignon is correct.

We'll take a music round now.

For your music starter, you'll hear a piece of popular music.

For 10 points, give me the name of the singer you hear.

# Go tell that lonesome... #

-Johnny Cash.

-It is Johnny Cash, yes.

APPLAUSE

Performing there God's Gonna Cut You Down

or Run On For A Long Time, a traditional song of unknown origin.

Your music bonuses are three more examples

of popular music artists performing traditional songs.

I want the band or the artist you hear in each case.

Firstly for five, both of these performers,

the song's roots can be traced back to a 17th-century British ballad.

# Tell her to make me a cambric shirt... #

-Simon and Garfunkel.

-That's correct.

Secondly, I want both singers

of this version of an 18th-century Scottish song.

# And the wind did roar

# And the wind did moan

# La-la-la-la-la

# La-la-la-la-li

# A little bird lit down on Henry Lee... #

-Is it Cerys Matthews?

-OK, with Tom Jones?

-Probably not.

-No, they did duet together.

-OK.

-Tom Jones and Cerys Matthews.

-No, it's Nick Cave and PJ Harvey.

Finally, this band performing a 19th-century Appalachian folk song.

# My girl, my girl, don't lie to me

# Tell me where did you sleep last night?

# In the pines, in the pines

# Where the sun don't ever shine... #

-Bon Jovi?

-No, that's Nirvana. 10 points for this.

Which decade saw the capture of Beijing

by the Manchu Qing Dynasty?

In Japan, the Dutch began trading from the island of Dejima in Nagasaki Bay,

while in England the King was executed.

-The 1640s.

-Correct.

APPLAUSE

St John's, your bonuses are on words that appear in the surnames

of Booker prize-winning authors.

For example, "man" and "ant" in Hilary Mantell.

In each case, listen to the definition and give the name

of the author in whose surname the defined word appears.

Firstly, a term by Rudyard Kipling that includes the line

"Talk with crowds and keep your virtue."

-Are they all Booker prize-winners?

-Yeah, Booker prize-winners.

-If?

-Someone Candliffe?

Shall we try something like that?

-Northcliffe.

-No, it's Graham Swift.

You got "If", of course, from where the lines are taken.

The surname of an author born near Birmingham in 1961.

His novels include The Rotters' Club and What A Carve Up!

-Is "if" in it?

-No, I don't think so.

The surname makes something up.

Oh, gosh, what? Will Self, is it?

That's got "elf" in it.

Self.

No, it's... Jonathan Coe was the author.

JM Coetzee was the Booker prize-winner.

Finally, the first name of the elder of the brothers Grimm

and of the man became President of South Africa in 2009.

-Jacob. Howard Jacobson. Howard Jacobson.

-Correct.

10 points for this. Listen carefully.

Answer soon as your name is called.

What date corresponds to the 183rd day of a year

that is not a leap year, therefore marking its midpoint?

-July 2?

-Correct.

APPLAUSE

Did you just work that out? It's pretty good.

Right, here are your bonuses, they're on British birds, St John's.

Caprimulgus europaeus has what common name

reflecting its nocturnal habits and distinctive churring call?

It's also known as the goat sucker or fern owl.

The night... The nightcap?

-What, sorry?

-No.

Nighthawk?

-Yeah, nighthawk is a bird.

-OK.

-Nighthawk.

-No, it is the nightjar.

Also named for its distinctive cry,

which summer visitor is similar in form to the nightjar?

It's a brood parasite on species such as reed warblers and dunnocks.

-The cuckoo is a parasite on warblers.

-Cuckoo?

Correct.

With its pointed wings and long tail, the nightjar resembles

which common raptor often seen near road verges?

Its binomial is Falco tinnunculus.

-Kite.

-No, it's smaller than that, it's a kestrel or windhover.

10 points for this. Alluding to William Paley's argument from design,

what term did Richard Dawkins coin for the title of his...?

-The Blind Watchmaker.

-Correct.

APPLAUSE

Your bonuses are on film adaptations of a play by Shakespeare.

With its action transposed to feudal Japan,

Akira Kurosawa's 1957 film Throne Of Blood

is an adaptation of which of Shakespeare's tragedies?

Macbeth.

-Macbeth.

-Correct.

With the tag line "greasy spoon, bloody murder",

which 2001 adaptation of Macbeth relocates the events and characters

to a Pennsylvania burger bar in the 1970s?

-Scotland PA.

-OK, I'll go with that.

-Scotland PA.

-Correct.

Which Polish-born director collaborated with the critic Kenneth Tynan

on the screenplay for his 1971 film version of Macbeth?

Roman Polanski.

-Polanski.

-Correct.

APPLAUSE

Right, there's plenty of time for you to make up ground, Queen's.

We'll take a second picture round.

For your picture starter you'll see a painting by a Dutch artist.

10 points if you can identify the artist.

-Rembrandt.

-It is.

The Woman Taken In Adultery.

That's part of the collection bought by the British government

in 1824 from the private collector John Julius Angerstein

to form a basis for the new National Gallery.

Your picture bonuses, three more paintings from that founding acquisition,

all of which remain in the National Gallery today.

In each case I simply need you to identify the artist.

Firstly for five, this French artist.

I'm fairly sure that's Claude Lorraine.

-His Embarkation Of Daedalus.

-Nominate Clegg.

-Claude Lorraine.

-It is.

Secondly, this Italian artist.

Is it Titian?

-Titian.

-No, that's Raphael.

Finally, this Flemish artist.

-That's Rubens, isn't it?

-Rubens.

Rape Of The Sabine Women, yes, well done. 10 points for this.

Described by Bill Clinton as the Woodstock of the mind,

which major event has been held annually since 1988

in a town in the Black Mountains of the Brecon Beacons National Park?

-The Hay Literary Festival.

-The Hay Festival is correct, yes.

You get a set of bonuses, Queen's, Belfast, on first names.

Which girl's name rose in popularity following events

in the Outer Hebrides in the aftermath of the Battle of Culloden?

It's also that of the Roman goddess of the spring.

Flora.

-Flora.

-Correct.

Which name comes from that of the mythological lover of Apollo,

killed by Zephyrus? His spilt blood grew into a flower.

Don't know.

-Pass.

-That's Hyacinth.

Which floral name links the son of the Pooters in The Diary Of A Nobody

and the gentleman burglar created by Maurice Leblanc

as a given name and surname respectively?

Lupin, I think.

-Lupin?

-Lupin is correct, yes. Another starter question.

Its remains found throughout Europe,

the large mammal Ursus spelaeus has what two-word common name?

It became extinct during the Pleistocene Epoch.

-Woolly mammoth.

-No. Queen's, one of you buzz.

European bear?

No, it's the cave bear. 10 points for this.

To the east of Stockport in greater Manchester,

the confluence of the rivers Etherow, Goyt and Tame form...

-The Mersey.

-The Mersey is correct, yes.

APPLAUSE

Your bonuses are on Rhodes Scholars, Queen's, Belfast.

In each case, name the person from the description.

Firstly, an astronomer, who in the words of one author in 1925,

released findings that ultimately established that

"our universe was 1,000 trillion times larger than previously believed,

"filled with myriad galaxies like our own."

-Hubble?

-Yeah, go for it.

-Hubble.

-Correct.

Born in 1907, a historian who greatly expanded the field of Chinese studies,

he was the co-author of East Asia: Tradition And Transformation,

a standard text on the subject.

-I'm not sure.

-Any ideas?

-Pass.

-That was Fairbank. John King Fairbank.

Finally, a social critic and activist,

the author of The Beauty Myth and the 2008 work

Give Me Liberty: A Handbook For American Revolutionaries.

I don't know.

No, no.

-Pass.

-That's Naomi Wolf. 10 points for this.

In human anatomy, the adjective popliteal or poplitic

refers to the indentation between the tendons behind which joint?

-Knee?

-The knee is correct, yes.

Your bonuses, St John's, are on schools of art now.

Firstly, for five, which village in Cornwall gives its name

to the group of artists including Stanhope Forbes and Walter Langley,

who worked there in the late 19th and early 20th century?

-St Ives.

-No, that was a bit later. It's the Newlyn School.

What name is given to a group of artists who specialise

in scenes of daily life in New York around 1900?

Its members included George Bellows, Robert Henri and John Sloan.

-Ashcan.

-Correct.

Named after a village near Fontainebleau,

which group of artists included Jean-Francois Millet and Theodore Rousseau

and is regarded as a forerunner of the Impressionist school?

-Sevres?

-Near Fontainebleau?

INDISTINCT CONFERRING

-Sevres?

-No, it's the Barbizon School. 10 points for this.

Which French writer's works include semi-autobiographical accounts

of his experiences in Mettray Penal Colony and Fontevrault Prison

in the 1946 work...?

-Camus.

-No. You lose five points.

..the 1946 work The Miracle Of The Rose.

-Sartre?

-No, it's Jean Genet. 10 points for this starter question.

Fingers on buzzers.

What three-letter word results from expressing in Roman numerals

the smallest prime number greater than 1,000?

-Mix.

-Mix, yes, of course.

15 points for these bonuses.

They're on animal histology.

Lining most surfaces and cavities of the body, what simple tissue consists

of closely packed cells in sheets with little inter-cellular material?

-Cartilage.

-No, it's the epithelium or epithelia.

From the Latin for scale, what term describes

the part of the epithelium that consists of flattened cells?

It is sometimes known as pavement.

-Pass.

-It's squamous.

What term describes an epithelium

where the width and height of its cells are broadly similar?

-Equal?

-Equal.

No, it's cubical or cuboidal.

Three minutes to go, 10 points for this. Answer promptly.

Of the three US states whose names contain only four letters,

which comes first alphabetically?

-Ohio.

-St John's.

-Iowa?

-Iowa is correct.

APPLAUSE

St John's, your bonuses are on Russian rivers.

Which major river flows from its sources in the mountains

near Lake Baikal to the mouth of its delta on the Laptev Sea?

I think it's the Irtysh. Or the Ob.

-Irtysh?

-Yeah, it goes into Lake Baikal.

-Irtysh?

-No, it's the Lena.

Rising in the Republic of Tuva

and flowing for more than 3,400 kilometres to the Kara Sea,

which river has a name deriving from the words for "great river"

in the Evenki language?

INAUDIBLE CONFERRING

Come on, let's have it, please.

-Havaria?

-No, that's the Yenisei River.

Finally, which river rises to the south-east of Moscow

and flows for more than 1,800 kilometres into the Sea of Azov?

INAUDIBLE CONFERRING

-The Volga.

-No, that's the Don. 10 points for this.

FitzClarence was the surname given to the ten illegitimate children

born between 1794 and 1807 to the actress...?

-George IV. The Prince Regent.

-No, I'm afraid you lose five points.

..to the actress Dorothea Jordan and which future king?

-William IV.

-William IV, or the Duke of Clarence as he was at the time.

Your bonuses are on James Bond novels by authors other than Ian Fleming.

Firstly, who wrote the 2008 novel Devil May Care?

-Sebastian Faulks.

-Sebastian Faulks is right.

Who was the author of the 1968 novel Colonel Sun?

You may give the author's name

or the pen name under which it was published.

-I don't know.

-Pass.

That was Kingsley Amis writing as Robert Markham.

Finally, who wrote the 2013 James Bond story, Solo?

-I'm not sure.

-Charlie Higson did the young Bond series.

Charlie Higson.

No, it was William Boyd. 10 points for this.

In Book One of Paradise Lost,

what name did Milton coin for Satan's capital?

-Pandemonium.

-Pandemonium is right.

APPLAUSE

Your bonuses are on the official nicknames of US states.

In each case, listen to the description and give both... GONG

And at the gong, Queen's, Belfast, have 100,

St John's, Oxford, have 180.

Well, you had some pretty impressive interventions, Queen's,

but you weren't good enough. These guys were on pretty good form tonight.

So we'll have to say goodbye to you,

but thank you very much for joining us.

St John's, another terrific performance from you.

We look forward to seeing you in the quarterfinals. Do join us then.

I hope you can join us for the first of the quarterfinals next time

-but until then, it's goodbye from Queen's, Belfast.

-Goodbye.

-It's goodbye from St John's College, Oxford.

-Goodbye.

And it's goodbye from me. Goodbye.