Episode 16 University Challenge

APPLAUSE

University Challenge.

Asking the questions, Jeremy Paxman.

APPLAUSE

Hello. Last time we saw Jesus College, Cambridge

win the first of two play-offs for four teams

who are down but not out after their first-round matches,

losing with scores that might have seen them win in other fixtures.

It's the second play-off tonight for the last place in the second round.

The team from Durham University were defeated

by the University of Edinburgh in their first-round match,

losing by 155 points to 190 -

a margin that perhaps belies the closeness of the contest,

which was neck and neck until the final minutes.

Rubik's cube, the history of Poland and words in Malay

were among their strengths on that first outing.

Now, with an average age of 23, let's meet the Durham team again.

Hello, I'm Thomas Brophy,

I'm from Hatfield in Hertfordshire, and I'm studying Mathematics.

Hi, my name is Owen Stenner-Matthews, I'm from Cardiff,

and I'm studying for an MSc in Defence, Development and Diplomacy.

And here's their captain.

Hello, my name is Cressida O'Connor,

I am from Harrogate in North Yorkshire, and I'm reading Law.

Hello, my name is Nat Guillou,

I'm originally from Jersey in the Channel Islands,

and I'm reading for a Masters in Arab World Studies.

APPLAUSE

Now, the four from the School of Oriental and African Studies

lost to Wolfson College Cambridge only on a tie-break question,

when their opponents were able to recall an obscure fact

about molluscs very slightly faster than they did.

Their losing score of 175 is the joint highest

among the four teams in these play-offs.

And they were helped to it by quick thinking on

Nobel prize-winning economists, Alexander the Great

and women who've won Wimbledon.

With an average age of a sprightly 44, let's meet the SOAS team again.

Hello, I'm David Bostock

from Cheltenham, and I'm reading for a Masters

in South East Asian Studies.

Hello, I am Magda Biran-Taylor, originally from Harrow,

and I'm also reading for a Masters in South East Asian Studies.

And this is their captain.

Hi, I'm Henry Edwards, I'm from London,

and I'm reading for an MA in Near and Middle Eastern Studies.

Hi, I'm Odette Chalaby, I'm from London,

and I'm also reading for an MA in Near and Middle Eastern Studies.

APPLAUSE

OK. You all know the rules by now. Let's get on with it.

Fingers on the buzzers. Here's your first starter for ten.

The title of which 17th-century work on political philosophy

is found in Chapter 41 of the Book of Job, which describes...

Leviathan?

Leviathan by Hobbes, of course, is correct.

APPLAUSE

Your first bonuses, Durham, are on fictional characters.

In each case, give the single name that links the following.

Firstly, for five points, the central character

in Umberto Eco's The Name of the Rose.

And the Devonshire family, supposedly living under a curse

in Conan Doyle's third Sherlock Holmes novel.

-THEY CONFER

-Baskerville.

-That's it.

Baskerville.

Correct.

Secondly, an opera singer in A Scandal in Bohemia,

whom Holmes calls "The Woman"

and an American harmonica player, for whom Vaughan Williams

and Malcolm Arnold wrote compositions.

THEY CONFER

-Do you have something?

-No, nothing.

THEY CONFER

I can't remember.

-I can't.

-Sensible guess?

No, I can't think.

Pass.

It's Adler.

And, finally, the travelling companion of Sal Paradise

in On the Road and a character described by Holmes as having

"hereditary tendencies of the most diabolical kind".

-THEY CONFER

-Watson?

Well...

It's worth a guess. Any advance on Watson?

No, I'd go with it.

Watson?

No, he hasn't got diabolical tendencies.

-Moriarty.

-Oh!

-LAUGHTER

Ten points for this. The Scottish goldsmith William Ged is credited

as the inventor, in the 1720s,

of what form of cast metal plate

that became widely used in mass printing?

The same word also denotes a simplified set of characteristics,

assumed to typify a place a person.

Stereotype?

Correct.

APPLAUSE

Your first bonuses, SOAS, are on the palaeontologist Mary Anning.

Firstly, Mary Anning was born in 1799

in which town on the Dorset coast?

In Jane Austen's Persuasion,

it was the scene of Louisa Musgrove's fall.

-Any ideas?

-Erm...

Cobb. What has The Cobb?

-Lyme Regis?

-Lyme Regis?

Lyme Regis.

Correct. At an early age, Anning excavated

an almost complete skeleton of which extinct aquatic reptile?

Its name combines the Greek for fish and lizard.

-Xiaosaurus?

-Xiaosaurus.

Xiaosaurus?

Correct.

And, in 1824, Anning uncovered the first intact skeleton

of which long-necked marine dinosaur?

-Diplodocus?

-Yes.

Diplodocus?

No, it's plesiosaurus.

Ten points for this.

"Folkhemmet" or "people's home" is a political concept associated with

the wide-ranging social welfare system of which European country?

From 1932 to 1976,

the Social Democratic Party, or SAP...

Sweden?

Sweden is correct.

APPLAUSE

These bonuses are on towers in European cities, SOAS.

Named after the 12th century families

believed to have commissioned them

Asinelli and Garisenda are twin leaning towers

in which Italian city, the capital of Emilia-Romagna?

Bologna?

Correct.

The Judgement Tower and The Water Tower are the remains

of medieval city walls in which city on the River Drava?

It is the second largest city of Slovenia.

-Meribor?

-Yes.

Meribor?

Er, it's Maribor.

Yes, I'll accept that.

And, finally, now a World Heritage site,

Belem Tower was built in about 1515,

near the location from which Vasco da Gama set sail to India,

and served as a defence for which port?

Lisbon?

Correct.

Ten points for this. APPLAUSE

What animal is this?

Native to Africa and Asia, it is a primate within the same suborder

as the lemurs and its species fall into two types,

characterised as slow and slender? It's...

Loris?

Loris is correct, yes.

APPLAUSE

These bonuses are on Roman History, SOAS.

According to the opening words of a work by Julius Caesar,

Belgica and Aquitania were two of the three subdivisions

of which region?

-THEY CONFER

-Gallia?

Gallia? Gaul?

Gaul is correct, yes.

Meaning "Gaul this side of the Alps",

what name was given by the Romans to the region of Italy

occupied by the Gauls?

Cis...Cisalpine Gaul.

Correct. And, finally, what is the modern name of Lugdunum,

the capital of Roman Gaul?

It is now the capital of the Rhone departement.

THEY CONFER

Rhone.

-Lyon?

-Lyon.

Lyon is correct.

APPLAUSE

Time for a picture round.

For your picture starter, you are going to see a map.

For ten points, I want the name of the region highlighted.

Peloponnese?

Correct.

APPLAUSE

Following on from The Peloponnese, you are going to see three more maps

with peninsulas highlighted.

Five points for each you can identify.

Firstly, the two-word name of this peninsula.

-That's the...Baja, California.

-Yeah.

Baja, California?

Correct. Secondly...

-THEY CONFER

-That's, erm...

THEY CONFER

-That's not Sakhalin.

-Sakhalin? No.

-That's an island.

-Yeah.

-Yamchatka.

-Yeah, Yamchatka.

Yamchatka?

No, it's Kamchatka.

And, finally...

-That's...Sinai.

-Sinai, yeah.

-THEY CONFER

Sinai?

Sinai is correct, yes.

Ten points for this... APPLAUSE

Described by David Starkey as "a kind of licensed lynch law",

the Bond of Association was drawn up by the Privy Council

to protect which monarch from conspiracies?

Cecil and Walsingham devised the bond in the...

Elizabeth I?

Correct.

APPLAUSE

Right, Durham, these bonuses are on Chemical Elements.

All three are named after regions of the Earth's surface. Firstly...

predicted by Mendeleev in 1871 as the hypothetical ekaboron,

which element was identified eight years later

by two Swedish chemists and named after a large peninsular?

THEY CONFER

Erm, OK...

-Hm?

-No, it's not coming.

THEY CONFER

Large peninsulas?

-SHE SIGHS

-I really don't know.

-Hm?

-I really don't know.

Pass.

Pass.

It's scandium.

Which element is the softest and least dense of the lanthanides

and is used in the antique counterfeiting phosphors

of the banknotes of a major currency that dates to the 1990s?

-THEY CONFER

-Yttrium?

Yeah, go for it.

Yttrium?

No, it's europium.

Discovered in 1944, and named after a country or countries,

which element appears below europium in the periodic table?

It is often used in smoke alarms.

Americium?

Correct. APPLAUSE

Ten points for this starter question.

Quote, "I invented it because I needed something to replace

"the aliens and spacecraft part of science fiction."

Which North American author said those words,

referring to his 1982 short story, Burning Chrome,

and in particular to the first appearance of the term cyberspace?

William Gibson.

Correct.

Your bonuses, SOAS, are on pairs of words in which the final

letters of the first word spell the start of the second.

For example, garlic and licentious.

In each case, give both words from the descriptions.

Firstly, an artistic style originating in

the Counter-Reformation, and a blue cheese

made from ewe's milk and aged in caves near Toulouse.

-Baroque and Roquefort.

-Correct.

Secondly, an art movement named after the French for rocking horse,

and a Roquefort-style cheese named after a Nordic country.

It's not Rococo, is it?

No.

Um...

THEY CONFER

What's the cheese, Swedish... Jarl?

Um, Swe...

-Pass.

-I've got absolutely nothing at all.

-No.

-Pass.

It's Dada and Danish Blue, or Danablu.

And finally, a variant of Art Nouveau named after

a magazine founded in Munich,

and a blue cheese named after a village in Huntingdonshire.

-Bauhaus?

-No, that's not Art Nouveau.

Um...

-Stilton?

-Stilton.

-Something ending in ST?

Stil - stil and...

Stil is on the end of the word.

-Stil and Stilton.

-Stil and Stilton, yeah.

Nominate Bostock.

Jugendstil and Stilton.

Jugendstil and Stilton is correct, yes.

Right, ten points for this.

In his 1920 work, The Economics of Welfare,

which British economist discussed

the concept of externalities...

Pigou.

Pigou is correct, yes.

Your bonuses are on boundary demarcation lines, SOAS.

A commission led by the British law lord Sir Cyril Radcliffe

and composed entirely of legal rather than geographical experts

delineated the boundary between which two countries that

achieved independence in 1947?

India and Pakistan.

Correct. The McMahon Line demarcates the current border between

Eastern India and China

and was agreed between which two countries in 1914?

-Britain...

-Britain and...

-Japan?

-France?

India and... China, so it's...

-Britain and France. Shall we say Britain and France?

-Yeah, go for it.

Britain and France.

No, it was Great Britain and Tibet.

Finally, which two countries are separated by the Durand Line?

It was established in 1893 and runs through tribal lands

in the Hindu Kush.

Afghanistan and Pakistan.

Correct. Ten points for this.

Volhynia is a historical region that forms part of the territory

of which present-day European country?

In 1199, it was united into a powerful principality

with Galicia, but was...

-Ukraine.

-Ukraine is correct.

These bonuses are on art in 1911.

Blue Horse I and Yellow Cow are works of 1911

by which German artist?

He was killed during the Battle of Verdun in 1916.

-Mach?

-Hmm.

Mach.

No, it was Marc, Franz Marc.

Both painted in about 1911,

The Enigma of the Hour and The Nostalgia of the Infinite

are works by which Italian metaphysical artist?

De Chirico?

Correct.

Influenced by Cubism, Grey Tree is a 1911 work by which Dutch artist?

He later developed a geometrical abstract style

that he termed neo-plasticism.

-Mondrian.

-Piet Mondrian is correct.

We're going to take a music round.

For your music starter, you'll hear a song from a 2001 Broadway musical.

For ten points, I want the title of that musical.

# Springtime for Hitler... #

The Producers.

The Producers is right, yes.

It holds the record for the most number of Tony awards,

having won 12 in 2001.

Your music bonuses are three songs

from musicals that won the "Big Six" Tonys -

Best Musical, Score, Book, Director, Actor and Actress.

Five points for each musical you can name. Firstly, for five...

# I'm going to wash that man right out of my hair

# I'm going to wash that man right out of my hair... #

South Pacific.

Correct. Secondly...

# It's priest, have a little priest

# Is it really good?

# Sir, it's too good, at least... #

Sweeney Todd.

Sweeney Todd, the Demon Barber of Fleet Street is right.

And finally...

# The world keeps spinning round and round

# And my heart's keeping time to the speed of sound

# I was lost till I heard the drums, then I found my way... #

Hairspray.

Hairspray is right, yes.

Right, ten points for this.

In Shakespeare's Hamlet, the line, "thoughts black, hands apt,

"drugs fit and time agreeing,"

contains three consecutive examples of what metrical foot,

consisting of a pair of stressed or long syllables?

Spondee.

Spondee is correct, yes.

Your bonuses are on optical effects.

In each case, identify the scientists after whom

the following are named. Firstly, for five,

after a 19th-century Austrian physicist, the effect by which

the apparent frequency of light or another wave is altered

as a result of relative motion between the source and the observer.

Strobe?

Shall I nominate you?

Nominate... Oh, I'll just say it. Strobe.

No, it is the Doppler effect, or shift.

Born in Ireland in 1820,

which physicist gives his name to an effect describing

the scattering of light through a medium containing small particles

such as a colloid or smoke?

In what country was he born?

-Ireland.

-Ireland.

Thomp... No.

I'll just say Thompson? Thompson.

No, Tyndall.

After an English physicist born in 1791,

the effect by which the plane of polarisation is rotated

when light travels through a medium in the magnetic field.

-Faraday?

-Yeah.

-Faraday.

-Correct. Ten points for this.

What are the only two distinct

positive integers X and Y that have

the property that X to the power of Y is equal to Y to the power of X?

1 and 2.

Anyone like to buzz from Durham? You may not confer, one of you may buzz.

X1 Y1.

No, it's 2 and 4.

Ten points for this starter question.

Answer as soon as your name is called.

Take the US state of Washington,

the states that border it and the states that border those states.

How many different US states does that give?

Seven.

Anyone like to buzz from Durham?

Six.

No, it's eight. Ten points for this.

Alfred the Great, Elizabeth I, Mary Queen of Scots and Anne Boleyn

are among the title characters of operas written in

the 1820s and '30s by which Italian composer?

Rossini.

Anyone like to buzz from Durham?

Verdi.

No, Donizetti. Ten points for this.

"A peephole to the ancient universe" is a description of which image,

known by the abbreviation HDF?

The image was...

Hubble Deep Field.

Hubble Deep Field is correct, yes.

Your bonuses, Durham, are on 17th-century history.

In each case, name the royal figure and the battle described.

First, who landed at Garmouth in Moray in June 1650?

His Scots army was defeated at a battle near the River Severn

the following year.

Prince Charlie?

It's 17th century, so, no. It'll be Charles II coming back from exile,

at...maybe Worcester?

I think. Or Naseby.

Charles II and Worcester.

Correct.

Who landed at Lyme Regis in Dorset in June 1685?

He was defeated near Bridgwater in Somerset some weeks later.

Um, is it...?

Yeah, Monmouth, Duke of Monmouth, and, um...

What battle?

Duke of Monmouth and...

I don't know the battle.

Sedgemoor? Was Sedgemoor the Civil War?

Sedgemoor...

-Was that the Civil War?

-I don't know.

-Try it.

Duke of Monmouth, Sedgemoor.

Duke of Monmouth, Sedgemoor.

Correct. Who landed at Brixham in Devon in November 1688?

In July 1690, he defeated James II near the Irish town of Drogheda.

William III and the Battle of the Boyne.

Correct. Ten points for this. APPLAUSE

Which two islands are linked by the Seikan Tunnel, a rail connection

of more than 53km lying beneath the Tsugaru Strait in Northern Japan?

Hokkaido and Osaka.

No, anyone like to buzz from SOAS?

-Hokkaido and Honshu.

-Correct.

Your bonuses are on a novel by Charles Dickens, SOAS.

Sowing, Reaping and Garnering are the three parts of which

novel by Charles Dickens, set largely in northern England?

-Hard Times?

-Yeah, I think so.

-Hard Times.

-Correct.

"Now, what I want is facts.

"Teach these boys and girls nothing but facts."

Who says these words at the start of Hard Times?

Um, Gradgrind.

Correct.

Satirised in Hard Times,

which philosophy was advanced by Jeremy Bentham and others and

promoted the idea of the greatest good for the greatest number?

-Utilitarianism.

-Correct.

We are going to take a second picture round.

For your picture starter, you'll see a lithograph.

For ten points, I want you to identify the artist who created it.

Toulouse-Lautrec.

It is indeed, yes.

Following that advertisement

for the Divan Japonais cafe by Toulouse-Lautrec,

your picture bonuses are three more examples of the poster as art form.

Again, I want the artist in each case. Firstly, for five...

Who's that guy, Alphonse Mu...?

Mucha.

Alphonse Mucha.

Correct. Secondly...

El Lissitzky.

Correct. And finally...

THEY CONFER

-Beardsley? Aubrey Beardsley.

-Aubrey Beardsley.

Correct. Ten points for this. APPLAUSE

Which American lyricist

won an Oscar for the screenplay of the 1951 film, An American in Paris?

His other film credits include Gigi and My Fair Lady,

both of which were collaborations with Frederick Loewe.

Ira Berlin.

No, anyone like to buzz from Durham?

Ira Gershwin.

No, Alan Jay Lerner. Ten points for this.

In 1789, John Jay became the first holder

of what office in the United States?

More recent incumbents...

Supreme Court Justice. Chief Justice of the Supreme Court.

Chief Justice of the United States is the actual formal title but,

yes, you've got the right person.

So, you get a set of bonuses this time on mountains in Asia, SOAS.

4,090 metres high, Aragats is the highest mountain of

the Lesser Caucasus range and of which landlocked country?

Landlocked...

Uzbekistan?

Uzbekistan? One of the stans!

-It's not...

-Uzbekistan?

-Did he say Caucasus?

It's not Caucasus if it's Central Asia. Shall we say Georgia?

Yes, say Georgia.

-Georgia.

-No, Armenia.

Almost 4,000 metres high, Yushan, or Jade Mountain,

is the highest point of which island?

Until 1945, it was the highest peak in the Japanese Empire,

being around 300 metres higher than Mount Fuji.

-Taiwan?

-No, Japanese...

It was part of Japan. Oh, the Japanese Empire. So it could be.

-Yes.

-Yes, go for it.

-Taiwan.

-Correct.

About 4,100 metres high,

Kinabalu in North Borneo is the highest mountain in which country?

Indonesia?

-Indonesia.

-No, Malaysia.

Ten points for this. Meaning "oil press", what name does

St Matthew's Gospel give to the garden at the foot

of the Mount of Olives in Jerusalem, where Jesus...

-Gethsemane.

-Gethsemane is correct.

Your bonuses are on the Holy Roman Empire.

What two-word name is given to the agreement signed by

the Emperor Charles IV at Nuremberg in 1356?

It served as a constitution for the Holy Roman Empire and

excluded the Pope from its political affairs.

-No...

-THEY CONFER

Come on, you can't afford to hang around.

Munich Treaty.

No, the Golden Bull.

Which religious reformer appeared at the Diet of Worms in 1521,

-wearing...

-Martin Luther.

-Correct.

In which German city were the 28 articles known as the Confession

of the Lutheran Churches presented to the Emperor Charles V in 1530?

Wurttemberg.

No, Augsburg.

Four and a half minutes to go, ten points for this.

A process developed by the German chemist Wilhelm Ostwald,

catalytic oxidation of ammonia is a means of manufacturing

what common reagent?

It's nitric acid. Ten points for this.

In set expressions, what adjective may precede responsibility,

unconscious, bargaining...

Social.

No, you lose five points. ..Security and ownership,

in each case, as the opposite of individual?

Common.

No, it's collective. Right, we'll take another starter question.

On display in the Galleria Borghese in Rome,

a life-size sculpture of the 1620s by Gian Lorenzo Bernini

depicts which God chasing the nymph Daphne?

Apollo.

Apollo is correct, you get a set of bonuses,

this time on London stations, SOAS.

Which London station is named after a region

formerly known as Battlebridge?

Its present name was adopted in the 19th century in recognition of

a nearby statue of George IV.

-Um...

-Prince... No.

-Regent?

-Regent Street.

-That's not a station, is it?

-Yes.

No, it's not a station.

-Um...

-Oxford Circus?

Let's have it, please.

-Piccadilly Circus?

-Piccadilly Circus.

Piccadilly Circus.

No, it's King's Cross.

Which station on the Bakerloo line takes the first part of its

two-word name from a battle of 1806 in Southern Italy between

Britain and France?

Good Lord.

-Baker Street? Paddington?

-Maida Vale? No.

Shall we just say that? Maida Vale.

Maida Vale is correct.

Which station on the District line shares its name with an early

battle of the Civil War

in which the King's advance on London was blocked?

Turnham Green.

Correct, ten points for this.

Answer as soon as your name is called.

What four-letter English word is formed by concatenating the symbols

of the SI units of length, current, time and thermodynamic temperature?

Mast.

No, SOAS, one of you want to buzz?

Mask.

Mask is correct, yes.

The one you got wrong, of course, was Kelvin, for the K.

Right, your bonuses this time, SOAS, are on a US author.

Which novel was described by its author as "a prolonged insult,

"a kick in the pants to God, man, destiny, time, love, beauty"?

First published in 1934, its publication in

the United States in 1961 resulted in a trial for obscenity.

Did he say 1934?

Yeah.

He said it's a US author.

It's not Lolita, is it?

No, it's not Lolita. Um...

Come on, let's have it, please.

We are going to pass on that one.

Tropic of Cancer.

Tropic of Cancer and Black Spring are two of the novels in

Henry Miller's Obelisk trilogy.

What is the title of the final book in the series?

-Don't know.

-Pass.

Tropic of Capricorn.

And finally, the 2015 Penguin Modern Classics editions

of Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn feature covers

designed by which British artist?

Um... Say an artist!

-Shall we say Bacon?

-Yeah.

-Francis Bacon.

-No, Tracey Emin.

Ten points for this. Answer in Latin or in English.

Undarum, Nubium and Australe are all examples of what lunar features?

Other examples include Imbrium and Tranquillitatis.

Eclipses.

No, anyone like to buzz from SOAS?

Moon... Um, seas on the moon.

They are seas, or maria, yes.

Durham, you'll lose five points for that too.

You get a set of bonuses, SOAS, on molecular biology.

Known by the initials PCR, what technique is capable of

replicating a fragment of DNA many million times?

Um...

Calibration ratio... Something calibrated ratio?

Perceptive?

Perceptive calibrated ratio.

No, polymerase chain reaction.

Used in PCR, what common enzyme is isolated from the bacterium

Thermus aquaticus?

Ligase? I don't know...

GONG

And at the gong, Durham have 85

and the School of Oriental and African Studies have 270.

Well, the questions were a bit harder,

they do get harder as the contest goes on, Durham.

But you weren't really on the form you were on last time,

when you were storming away.

We'll have to say goodbye to you, but thank you very much for joining us.

SOAS, you were on terrific, cracking form!

A storming performance from you.

I shall look forward to seeing you in the next stage of the contest.

Thank you very much for joining us,

I hope you can join us next time for the start of the second round

matches, but until then, it's goodbye from Durham University...

-ALL:

-Goodbye.

..it's goodbye from the School of Oriental and African Studies...

-ALL:

-Goodbye.

-..and it's goodbye from me. Goodbye.