Episode 6 University Challenge

Asking the questions, Jeremy Paxman.

Hello. Time again to rattle the cage of the student mind.

An ancient college is playing a more modern university with a place

in the second round at stake.

Both teams will be aware, or certainly should be,

that tonight's losers could earn the right to play again, too,

if their score is good enough.

Now, the team from Emmanuel College, Cambridge,

are representing an institution which won the championship in 2010.

It was founded in 1584 by Sir Walter Mildmay,

who would later become Chancellor of the Exchequer to Elizabeth I.

It now has around 630 students.

Alumni include the 17th century clergyman John Harvard,

after whom Harvard University is named,

the novelists Sebastian Faulks and Maggie O'Farrell

and Monty Python's Graham Chapman.

With an average age of 22, let's meet the Emmanuel team.

Hi, I'm Tom Hill.

I'm from London and I'm reading history.

Hello. I'm Leah Ward. I'm from Oxfordshire and I'm reading maths.

This is their captain.

Hello. My name is Bobby Seagull.

I'm from East Ham in the London Borough of Newham.

I'm studying for a Masters in education, specialising in maths.

Hi, I'm Bruno.

I'm from Wandsworth in south-west London and I'm studying physics.

APPLAUSE

Now, their opponents represent the University of Nottingham,

whom we saw in the second round of the last series.

It was endowed by Jesse Boot of Boots the Chemist fame in the 1920s

and received university status in 1948.

It now has a student body of nearly 32,000

and its alumni include the writer DH Lawrence,

the actors Haydn Gwynne and Ruth Wilson

and the former head of MI6, Sir John Sawers.

With an average age of 22, let's meet four of the current crop.

Hello, my name is Joseph Meethan.

I'm originally from Plymouth in Devon

and I'm doing a BA in Viking Studies.

Hello, my name is Wester Van Urk.

I'm from Culemborg in the Netherlands

and I'm doing a PHD in mathematics.

And this is their captain.

Hello. My is Hugh Smith.

I'm originally from Brighton

and I'm studying for a Masters in international social policy.

Hi, I'm Isaac Cowan.

I'm from Ottawa, Canada, and I'm studying medicine.

APPLAUSE

Well, the rules are unchanging on this -

ten points for starters, which have to be answered on the buzzer

as an individual effort

and 15 points for bonuses, which are team efforts.

Fingers on the buzzers. Here is your first starter for ten.

What term for a type or flavour of quark

is found in words or phrases meaning...?

Colour.

No, I'm afraid you lose five points.

Meaning time off, crushed by oppression,

decline in economic activity

and the lower or business part of an urban area.

-Down.

-Down is correct, yes.

APPLAUSE

Your bonuses are on Euro coins using information from the website

of the European Central Bank.

Firstly, for five points.

One of the more recent entrants to the Eurozone,

which country's euro coins bear a geographical image

of the country that includes two large islands and a large lake?

It must be coastal.

Estonia joined...

Or it could be a Baltic.

Estonia has islands.

-Go Estonia.

-Yeah, let's go with Estonia.

Estonia? Estonia.

Correct.

Which country's Euro coin bears a portrait of Protestant reformer

Primoz Trubar, the author of the first book

printed in that country's main language?

Central European, probably.

-Hungary.

-Could be hungry.

-Hungary.

No, it's Slovenia.

And, finally, a stylised tree symbolising life,

continuity and growth appears on

which country's one and two Euro coins?

It's enclosed in a hexagon

and encircled by the motto of the Republic.

-France.

-France, yeah.

-France.

-France is correct.

Ten points for this. Daisy, Doady, Davy,

Trot and Trotwood are names variously given by his relatives

and acquaintances to the narrator and protagonist

of which novel by Charles Dickens?

Little Miss Dorrit?

No.

I'm afraid you lose five points.

First published in book form in 1850.

-David Copperfield.

-Correct.

APPLAUSE

These bonuses are on the rocketry pioneer Wernher von Braun.

Von Braun led the development of the rocket that launched both

the Apollo Lunar Lander and Skylab.

Give the two-word designation of this rocket.

THEY WHISPER

Happy with that? Saturn V.

Correct.

In 1958, Von Braun's team launched the first US satellite, Explorer 1.

This discovered the innermost of which radiation belts

around the Earth?

THEY WHISPER

-Nominate Cowan.

-Van Allen belt.

Correct.

1960 saw the release of the film about Von Braun

entitled I Aim At The Stars,

alluding to Von Braun's wartime development of the V2 rocket bomb.

The comedian Mort Sahl suggested the subtitle should be

But Sometimes I Hit what?

-People?

-Cars. Something that rhymes, maybe, I don't know.

Let's go with people.

People.

No, it's London.

Ten points for this.

Who, when asked in 1929

whether he considers himself a German or a Jew replied,

"I look upon myself as a man.

"Nationalism is an infantile disease.

"It is the measles of mankind"?

The speaker was a physicist...

Albert Einstein.

Correct.

APPLAUSE

Your bonuses, Emmanuel, are on fictional works set in Shanghai.

Japanese spies and opium smuggling in Shanghai

feature in The Blue Lotus, published serially in the 1930s.

Which fictional European reporter is its protagonists?

-Tintin.

-Tintin.

Correct.

Who wrote When We Were Orphans?

Shortlisted for the Man Booker Prize in 2000,

it tells of an Englishman who returns to 1930s China

to discover the truth about his parents' disappearance.

Know anything? No orphans? Any names?

2000? Not immediately, no.

Nothing? Johnson.

-No, it was Kazuo Ishiguro.

-Oh!

Finally, largely set in Shanghai,

which novel of 1984 by JG Ballard is based on his experiences in China

during World War II?

-Empire Of The Sun.

-Yeah.

-Empire Of The Sun.

-Correct.

Ten points for this. Coquet Island in Northumberland,

South Stack in Anglesey

and Papa Westray in Orkney are among the habitats

of which bird of the auk family?

Known binomially as Fratercula arctica,

it's distinguished by its colourful, parrot-like beak.

Puffins?

Puffin is correct, yes.

APPLAUSE

You get a set of bonuses on aquarium fish.

In each case, give the common name of the following.

Firstly, the two-word common name of Paracheirodon innesi,

a small fish named in part after a noble gas.

It is strikingly coloured - iridescent blue

on the upper body and bright red underneath.

THEY WHISPER

Argon fish?

-Neon, surely.

-Oh, yeah.

Something to do with neon.

Neon fish.

No, it's a neon tetra.

You were halfway there but not precise enough, I'm afraid.

Betta splenden, secondly, a small perciform fish.

Males behave aggressively towards one another

and in Southeast Asia they have been bred with long flowing fins

for use in contests.

Carp? Some sort of carp?

A koi carp?

Nominate Cowan.

Betta?

No. It's a Siamese fighting fish.

And, finally, Poecilia reticulata.

A small, prolific, live-bearing fish,

the males are noted for their long ornamental caudal and dorsal fins.

Carp?

Let's go with a carp.

It's a guppy, or a million fish, or mosquito fish.

We are going to take our first picture round now.

For your picture starter you'll see a map with a capital city marked.

For ten points, all you have to do is identify the city.

Abuja.

Abuja, the capital of Nigeria, is correct.

APPLAUSE

Like Brasilia or Islamabad,

Abuja is a purpose-built capital city

constructed in the 1970s and '80s in response

both to the overcrowding of Lagos and a political desire

for a more neutrally-located national capital.

Picture bonuses, three more planned capital cities.

Five points for each you can identify.

Firstly for five.

I think that's... Is that in Belize?

Yeah, it's Belmopan.

Belmopan.

Belmopan.

Belmopan in Belize is correct.

Secondly...

-That's Mauritania.

-Nouakchott.

-Nominate van Urk.

-Nouakchott.

It is Nouakchott in Mauritania.

And finally...

That's Gaborone. I don't know how to say it.

It's either Gaboron or Gaboron-ay.

-Gaborone.

-Gaborone is correct.

In Botswana. Right, ten points for this.

APPLAUSE

Originalism and textualism are principles...?

They are different ways of interpreting the US Constitution.

-I'm afraid that wasn't the question.

-Aw...

So you're going to lose five points.

Are principles of interpretation associated

with which US Supreme Court Justice who died in February 2016?

Scalia.

Antonin Scalia is correct, yes.

Your bonuses, Emmanuel College, are on the novels of Jane Austen.

In each case, give the full name of the character and the novel

in which she appears. All three have the given name Mary.

Firstly, "I hope I am as fond of my child as any mother,

"but I do not know that I am of any more use

"in the sick room than Charles,

"for I cannot always be scolding and teasing a poor child when it's ill.

"I have not nerves for that sort of thing."

Do you know any Marys?

It's not Pride And Prejudice Mary.

Sense And Sensibility.

Give a surname from Sense And Sensibility.

Give me a surname.

I haven't read it.

Sense And Sensibility, Smith.

No, it's Mary Musgrove in Persuasion.

Secondly, "There I will stake my last like a woman of spirit.

"No cold prudence for me.

"I am not born to sit still and do nothing.

"If I lose the game it shall not be from not striving for it."

-Do you know this one?

-Not a clue.

-Do you have anything at all?

-No.

Nothing? We're going to pass on that.

That's Mary Crawford in Mansfield Park.

And finally, "Unhappy as the event must be for Lydia,

"we may draw from it this useful lesson,

"that loss of virtue in a female is irretrievable.

"That one false step involves her in endless ruin."

Mary Bennett. Pride And Prejudice.

Correct.

Ten points for this.

What unit of measurement was defined in 2012 is being

149,597,870.7 kilometres?

In other words, the average distance from the Earth...?

Astronomical unit.

Correct.

APPLAUSE

You get a set of bonuses on biochemical separation techniques.

Firstly, for five points,

which technique uses an electric current to separate proteins

and polynucleotides in a gel such as agarose or polyacrylamide,

according to size and charge?

Electrophoresis, I think.

-Yeah, yeah.

-Nominate Barton-Singer.

Electrophoresis.

Correct.

Which method uses a difference in diffusion rates across

a semipermeable membrane to separate molecules from a solution?

That sounds like something to do with osmosis.

-Osmotic something?

-Do you have a word?

-No.

-Just say chromatography, then.

-Chromatography.

-No, it's dialysis.

And finally, a technique for separating the components

of a mixture, which versatile method

has a name from the Greek for coloured writing?

-Chromatography.

-Correct.

Ten points for this.

In a 1999 obituary, who was described as a novelist

and philosopher who used fiction to chart the progress of a metaphysical

battle between evil and good?

Her novels include The Bell, The Black Prince and The Sea, The Sea.

Iris Murdoch.

Correct.

APPLAUSE

Your bonuses, Emmanuel, are on novelists,

music, science and rivers.

In each case, I want the novelist whose name

corresponds to the following.

Firstly, the SI-derived unit of magnetic inductance

followed by the first name of the US soul performer

whose hits include Say It Loud, I'm Black And I'm Proud.

-So the first part's Henry.

-Is it Aretha Franklin?

-Henry James.

-Henry James, yeah?

-It's a guess.

-Henry James.

Correct.

Secondly, the surname of the US physicist

who explained an affect or scattering that occurs

when electromagnetic radiation is scattered by free electrons

followed by the name of the longest river of Canada.

Compton...

-Compton Mackenzie, yeah?

-Is that a thing?

Yeah? Compton Mackenzie?

-Go for that?

-There are lots of other kinds of scattering,

-so I'm just...

-Which one? Is there another?

-There's Rayleigh...

-Thomson.

Does anybody know a writer Mackenzie?

Just say Compton.

-That's not a name.

-Compton scattering.

Compton Mackenzie, then.

Compton Mackenzie? Compton Mackenzie.

-Correct.

-Yes!

Finally, the given name of the usual lead guitarist of the Beatles

followed by the name of the river that reaches the sea

between Harwich and Felixstowe.

The name of which novelist results?

-Is it the Thames?

-No.

Felixstowe? No.

Who is the lead guitarist in the Beatles?

-John...

-John Lennon?

No, it wasn't John Lennon.

George Harrison. George...

What's the name of the river?

Felixstowe. George Thames?

No, no. It's in Suffolk.

It is going to be, like...

George Dun.

-John Dun?

-No.

-John Donne?

John Donne.

John Donne! No, it's George Orwell.

-Oh!

-The Orwell is the river.

Ten points for this.

Now implying brutality and criminality,

what the word derives from the Hindi term for a member of a traditional

cult of robbers and assassins?

Thug.

Thug is correct, yes.

APPLAUSE

Your bonuses are on philosophy in the 1620s.

Firstly, in 1624, the Parliament of France passed a decree

forbidding criticism of which Greek philosopher on pain of death?

-Don't know.

-Plato, Socrates.

-Plato?

-Plato.

-Plato.

-No, it's Aristotle.

Departing from Aristotle's approach,

which English philosopher made an early expedition

of the scientific method in the 1620 work Novum Organum?

It's either Francis Bacon or...

-Francis Bacon.

-Bacon.

It was Francis Bacon, yes.

In the 1620s, which French philosopher wrote

Rules For The Direction Of The Mind,

a further contribution to the scientific method?

It was later published posthumously.

Pascal died quite young.

I was thinking Pascal.

Pascal.

It's Rene Descartes.

We're going to take a music round now.

For your music starter you're going to hear an excerpt from an opera.

For ten points, I want you to give me the title of the opera.

OPERA PLAYS

The Marriage Of Figaro.

It is indeed. Well done.

APPLAUSE

That was the act three dueting between Susanna and the Countess.

For your music bonuses, three more well-known operatic duets.

In each case I want the title of the opera from which each is taken.

Firstly, for five...

MAN AND WOMAN SING

Guess something.

Just say something.

That is an opera. I know nothing about operas.

LAUGHTER

Don Giovanni.

No, that's Rodolfo and Mimi in La Boheme.

Secondly...

MEN SING

Eugene Onegin.

No, that's from The Pearl Fishers.

And finally...

WOMEN SING

I don't know the opera. I just know what it's called.

Something about butterflies.

It could just be Madame Butterfly.

-Madame Butterfly?

-Madame Butterfly.

No, it is the Flower Duet from Lakme

or the British Airways commercial.

Ten points for this.

The architectural events of which decade include

the introduction of Giles Gilbert Scott's

K2 red telephone box in Britain,

the completion of the Bauhaus at Dessau in Germany

and in New York, the start of the construction

of the Chrysler building?

1920s?

Correct.

Your bonuses, Emmanuel, are on Italian history.

Which Italian nationalist leader

founded the Young Italy movement in 1831?

Garibaldi? Mussolini?

Garibaldi. Garibaldi, yeah?

-Garibaldi.

-No, it was Mazzini.

Once a member of Young Italy, which revolutionary lead the army

that occupied Sicily and Naples in 1860

as part of the Risorgimento movement?

Garibaldi. Any other names? Garibaldi?

That was Garibaldi.

And finally, the founder of the political newspaper Il Risorgimento,

who became the first Prime Minister of Italy

following the unification of the country in 1861?

I don't know.

Do we know?

No.

-Just pass.

-Silvio.

As in Berlusconi? No, he's not that old.

No, it's Cavour. Ten points for this.

First published in 1906,

The Man Of Property is the first of which series of novels

tracing the story of an upper-middle-class family?

The author won the Nobel Prize for literature in 1932.

The Rabbit series?

Nope. Nottingham, one of you buzz?

It's the Forsyte Saga. Ten points for this.

Which four letters begin the names

of the Hindu goddess of wisdom, arts and learning,

a British defeat of 1777,

often seen as a turning point in the American Revolution,

a state of Malaysia in north-west Borneo

and the capital of Bosnia?

S-A-R-A.

Correct.

Emmanuel, your bonuses are on noble families

in George RR Martin's novel series A Song Of Ice And Fire.

Firstly, the name of which noble family in the series

means strong or powerful in German?

-That's Stark.

-Stark, yeah?

-Stark.

-Correct.

Which noble family has a name similar to that

of the Frankish leader who defeated the Moors

at the Battle of Tours in 732?

Martell, yeah?

-Martell.

-Correct.

The name of which noble house rhymes with the surname

of the English athlete who ran the first sub-four-minute mile?

-Bannister, Lannister.

-Lannister.

-Lannister.

-Lannister is correct. Yes.

APPLAUSE

That's given you the lead,

and we are coming to our second picture round.

For your picture starter, you'll see a still from a film.

Ten points if you can identify the actor you'll see.

-Christopher Lee.

-Correct.

Puts you on level pegging again.

He died in 2015, having appeared in around 200 films,

spanning nearly 70 years.

For your bonuses, you'll see three more stills from films

featuring Christopher Lee.

Five points if you give me the title of the film

and the name of the character he played. Firstly...

I'm assuming that's The Man With The Golden Gun.

-Yeah.

-The name of the character?

Dr No, isn't it?

No. Dr No is in Dr No.

-I don't know.

-I don't know what it's called.

-Scaramanga?

Scaramanga in The Man With The Golden Gun.

Correct. Secondly...

It's the Wicker Man.

The character's name?

Mr Wicker?

Mr Jones in the Wicker Man.

No, it's Lord Summerisle in the Wicker Man.

Finally, I want the character

and the series of films he appeared in here.

Saruman, Lord Of The Rings.

Correct. Ten points for this.

Which scientist's laboratory notebooks are so radioactive

they're kept in a lead-lined...?

-Curie.

-Marie Curie is correct. Yes.

These bonuses are on European football stadia.

Firstly, Estadio Vicente Calderon was built in the 1960s

as the home of which football club, mainly in response

to their rival's new ground at Estadio Santiago Bernabeu?

Atletico Madrid.

Atletico Madrid.

Correct. The largest stadium of Belgium,

where the national team plays most of its home matches,

is named after which former ruler of the country?

-Try Leopold?

-Yeah, Leopold.

-Leopold?

-No, it's King Baudouin.

In which city is the Ernst Happel Stadium?

Formally known as the Prater Stadium,

it hosted the final of Euro 2008.

It's Switzerland or Austria, I think.

I don't know. Try Bern.

-Bern?

-No, it's Vienna. Ten points for this.

The metallic element tantalum is closely associated with

which other element found with it in ores and sharing its properties,

and named after the mythological daughter of Tantalus?

-Niobium.

-Niobium is right. Yes.

APPLAUSE

Right, these bonuses are on a scientific term, Emmanuel.

The Latin for liquid,

what word refers to a dispersion of polymer particles in water?

Found in many plants, it may also be manufactured synthetically.

-Martian coloid...

-No, I have no idea.

-Shall we just pass?

-Pass, yes.

-Coloid.

-No, it's latex.

Those with a latex allergy often use NBR gloves.

For what does the abbreviation NBR stand?

-Borate?

-NBR.

Nitro borate something.

Nominate Barton-Singer.

Nitro borate reticulum.

No, it's Nitrile butadiene rubber.

And finally, what five-letter, common name is given to

the dry latex collected from the capsule of Papaver somniferum?

-Five letter.

-I don't know.

No, we don't know. Pass.

It's opium. Four minutes to go. Ten points for this.

Named after a dialect song,

the Lyke Wake Walk is a challenge walk across which National Park?

The North Yorkshire moors.

Correct.

APPLAUSE

Your bonuses are on words in other languages.

What four letters spell in English a word meaning familiar or casual talk

and in French a particular domesticated animal?

-Chat.

-Correct.

The German word for a child or baby

spells which common English adjective?

-Kind.

-Kind.

-Correct.

The Spanish word for the number 11 spells which common English adverb?

-Once.

-Once.

Once is correct. You've got the lead.

Ten points for this.

Meanings of what four-letter word include a fungal disease of plants,

especially cereals, in which black spores cover the affected parts?

Soot or sooty matter...

-Rust.

-No, I'm afraid you lose five points.

..and something indecent or obscene.

-Smut.

-Smut is correct. Yes.

APPLAUSE

Your bonuses, Emmanuel, are on the author Ian McEwan.

In each case, identify the novel

from its description on the website of the publisher's, Vintage Books.

"It is July 1962.

"Edward and Florence, young innocents married that morning,

"arrive at a hotel on the Dorset coast."

-On Chesil Beach?

-On Chesil Beach, yeah?

-On Chesil Beach.

-Indeed.

"The year is 1972.

"The Cold War is far from over.

"Britain is being torn apart by industrial unrest and terrorism.

"Serena Frome, in her final year at Cambridge,

"is being groomed for MI5."

-Atonement?

-No, what was the...?

It's not Atonement.

Enduring Love is the only one...

It's not Enduring Love. Solar. I think it's a different one.

-Solar.

-No, it's Sweet Tooth.

"On the hottest day of the summer of 1934,

"13-year-old Briony Tallis sees her sister Cecilia strip off her clothes

"and plunge into the fountain in the country house..."

-Atonement.

-Atonement is correct. Ten points for this.

Which King of England was the son of Isabella of France

and was married to Philippa of Hainault?

He was succeeded by his grandson

who was later deposed and died in captivity.

-Edward III.

-Correct.

You get a set of bonuses this time on 19th-century British history.

In each case give the decade

during which the three named Prime Ministers all held office.

Firstly, the Earl of Liverpool,

George Canning and Viscount Goderich.

It could be '10s or '20s.

Liverpool was '20s?

-I think '10s.

-'10s?

-'10s, I think.

-Then we'll go for that.

-'10s?

-No, it was the 1820s.

The Earl of Derby, the Earl of Aberdeen and Viscount Palmerston.

'50s sounds plausible, yeah?

'50s. It was the 1850s.

Finally, the Marquess of Salisbury,

WE Gladstone and the Earl of Rosebery.

-Was it '90s?

-Was it '90s?

-'90s, I was thinking.

-No, it might be '80s.

-I think it's

-'80s. It's '80s.

-It's '80s.

-'80s.

No, it's the '90s. 10 points for this. Answer promptly.

Name the three Platonic solids whose faces are triangular.

Tetrahedron, octahedron and icosahedron.

Correct.

APPLAUSE

These bonuses are on dentistry, Nottingham.

What Greek-derived term describes animals possessing teeth

that are differentiated into several forms?

Polydont?

No, it's heterodont.

In mammals, which teeth are known as cuspids or eye teeth?

-Incisors.

-No, it's canines.

In which bone are the sockets of the lower canines of humans located?

GONG And at the gong,

Nottingham have 135, Emmanuel College, Cambridge, have 175.

Well, Nottingham, you were in the lead earlier.

I don't know what happened towards the end.

But thank you for playing.

You may come back as a high-scoring losing team, who knows?

But we thank you very much for joining us.

Emmanuel, congratulations to you.

You had a terrible start, but you came back strongly.

Congratulations. We look forward to seeing you in round two, for sure.

I hope you can join us next time,

-but until then it's goodbye from Nottingham University.

-Goodbye.

-It's goodbye from Emmanuel College, Cambridge.

-Goodbye.

And it's goodbye from me. Goodbye.