Episode 4 University Challenge


Episode 4

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APPLAUSE

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Christmas University Challenge!

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Asking the questions, Jeremy Paxman.

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Hello. Angels may fear to tread anywhere near this competition,

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but thank heavens for two more teams of grown-ups

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confidently expecting to sparkle like baubles on the tree

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in the face of the kind of questions we usually throw at the UK's brightest students.

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They're among 14 teams who've accepted our invitation

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to play on behalf of the university which educated them

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or where they teach.

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The four top-scoring winning teams will progress to the next stage.

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Anything tonight in excess of a mere 240 will guarantee a place in the semi-finals.

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Now playing on behalf of the original red brick,

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the University of Liverpool are a science journalist and broadcaster,

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a man famous to anyone who follows cricket

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for his contribution to the formula for re-staging interrupted one-day matches.

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Their captain is a critic, columnist, curator and prolific author.

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They're joined by a former teacher, campaigner and Labour councillor

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before she took up her present job.

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Let's find out some more from them.

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I'm Lawrence McGinty. I studied zoology and graduated in 1969.

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I'm now medical and science editor of ITV News.

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I'm Frank Duckworth.

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I graduated in Physics in 1961

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-and I'm now a consultant statistician.

-And their captain.

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Hi. I'm Stephen Bayley. I astonished myself and surprised the university

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by getting a Masters degree in Architecture in 1974.

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I'm sometimes called a design guru. This I have accepted with self-deprecating irony.

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I'm Frances Crook.

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I took a degree in medieval and modern history

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and I'm currently the chief executive of the Howard League for Penal Reform.

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APPLAUSE

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The team from the University of Cardiff

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includes three graduates and one member of staff.

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First is a composer whose music has been performed all over the world.

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He's joined by a former teacher turned politician and MEP.

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Their captain is a presenter and broadcast journalist

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who says he's reported from more than 30 countries during his career, including Wales,

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and they're joined by another news veteran,

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a former director of Global News at the BBC.

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But let's ask them to introduce themselves in the traditional manner.

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Hello. I'm Phillip Cashian. I graduated in Music in 1984

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and I'm now a composer and head of composition at the Royal Academy of Music.

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Hello. I'm Jean Lambert. I graduated from Cardiff in 1971.

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I'm now a Green Party Member of the European Parliament for London.

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-And their captain.

-I'm Bill Turnbull. I took a post-graduate diploma in Journalism Studies

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in 1978. I now present a programme called Breakfast on BBC1.

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I'm Richard Sambrook, Professor of Journalism at Cardiff University.

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APPLAUSE

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OK. I guess you all know the rules.

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Starter questions are solo efforts you answer on the buzzer.

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They're worth ten points. Bonuses are team efforts

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so you can confer, and they're worth 15 points.

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If you interrupt a starter question incorrectly, there's a five-point penalty.

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Fingers on buzzers. Here's your first starter for 10.

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A plaque in Medford, Massachusetts,

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marks the site of the composition in the 1850s

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of which pervasive seasonal song by James Lord Pierpont...

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-Jingle Bells.

-Yes!

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What an odd thing to know!

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Here are your bonuses. They're on pound coins, Cardiff.

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The Millennium Bridge of which northern English town

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appears on the reverse of the 2007 pound coin?

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-Newcastle.

-No, it's Gateshead. I asked for the town. It's the Gateshead Millennium Bridge,

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although it does link with Newcastle.

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Cultivated both for its fibre and its seed,

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what plant appears on the reverse of the 1991 pound coin,

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representing Northern Ireland?

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-Flax.

-Yes, from the traditional linen industry.

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Finally, on pound coins issued in 1987 and 1992,

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which emblem representing England was depicted encircled by the royal diadem?

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-Rose.

-No, it was an oak tree. 10 points for this.

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Which German state was ruled by the Wittelsbach dynasty

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from the 12th century until its last king, Ludwig III...

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-Munich.

-No...

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Or Bavaria.

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Munich is the capital of Bavaria. Come on!

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Munich is the capital of Bavaria, but I'm going to fine you five points

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because the question goes on to ask,

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"It became a parliamentary state in the Weimar Republic

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"and now comprises the entire south-eastern portion of Germany."

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So Bavaria is the correct answer, but you didn't give it when you buzzed. You gave Munich.

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I'm not going to give you the question, obviously, because I've given the answer, dim-wits!

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No, excuse me! We had the answer!

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Then you should have buzzed in, shouldn't you?

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-I had the correct answer on the tip of my tongue.

-On mine, as well.

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Sorry, I can't be responsible for the malfunctioning of your tongue!

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No, my tongue was in perfect working order,

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it's just that...

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Right. We'll take another starter question.

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Is that clear to everybody?

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Well, actually, no!

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I prefer the students. They're much more docile!

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Another starter question. 10 points for this.

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Based on a late 16th-century English ballad,

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which pantomime tells of children abandoned by their wicked uncle?

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In later versions, they're rescued by Robin Hood.

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-Babes in the Wood.

-Correct.

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These bonuses are on Christmas carols, Liverpool.

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Four landscape features are mentioned in the third line of the carol We Three Kings of Orient Are.

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The first is field. What are the other three?

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Mountain.

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-And?

-Moor.

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-Yes?

-Field and fountain.

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-Field and fountain.

-I said field, but you've got it.

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-Fountain, moor and mountain, correct.

-Thank you very much.

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Which carol's second verse begins, "Shepherds in the fields abiding

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"Watching o'er your flocks by night."

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Angels from the Realms of Glory.

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-Angels from the Realms of Glory.

-Correct.

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Finally, according to the five-word second line of the well-known carol,

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what came upon the midnight clear?

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-It.

-It.

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No, it was "That glorious song of old."

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10 points for this.

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What five letters begin words meaning

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"an alphabetical list of terms relating to a specific subject,"

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"the phenomenon of apparently speaking in an unknown language",

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and "an inflammation of the tongue"?

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-Gloss.

-Gloss is correct, yes.

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Your bonuses, this time, are on the diaries of Alan Clark.

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"So engaging, such good company.

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"Like me, he despises the Liberals.

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"I told him he must, and will be, prime minister."

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These words of Alan Clark refer to which figure, then Labour foreign secretary."

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-Callaghan.

-No, it was David Owen.

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"Chunk of old heavy metal."

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These words refer to which Labour MP and future speaker,

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whom Clark encounters in a committee meeting alongside "two bright boys, called Brown and Blair."

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Martin. Somebody Martin.

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I need the full name. It's Michael Martin.

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Finally, first elected MP for Rushcliffe in 1970,

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which future Conservative Home Secretary and Chancellor

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does Clark refer to as "a butterball" and "a podgy life insurance risk"?

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Sorry, we're as bad at politics as we are at carols.

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No, it's Kenneth Clarke, who Frances there was always bending the ear off!

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Right. 10 points now for this picture starter.

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For your picture round, you'll see a map

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of the historical region known as The Holy Land.

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10 points if you identify the Biblical town marked.

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-Nazareth.

-It is Nazareth, yes.

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Good guess!

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According to the Bible, that was the childhood home of Jesus.

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For your picture bonuses, you'll see a map

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marked with three more towns visited by Jesus in his lifetime.

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In each case, simply name the town.

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Firstly, for five, where is A?

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His time there is referenced in Luke Chapter 18, Verse 35.

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-Galilee?

-No. Galilee is a region.

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No, that is Jericho.

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Secondly, B. His time there is referenced in John II, I.

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-No.

-That's Cana, where the wedding took place. And finally,

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C. His time there is referenced in Matthew, Chapter 2, Verse 1.

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Total lack of Biblical knowledge. Sorry.

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Or, indeed, geographical knowledge! It's Bethlehem.

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Right. 10 points for this.

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"The Machineries of Joy" and "The Illustrated Man"

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are among the short story collections of which US author who died...

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-Ray Bradbury.

-Yes.

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You'll be pleased to hear your bonuses are on geometry!

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Firstly for five, the name of which Biblical figure

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is sometimes given to the geometric figure of infinite surface area

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and finite volume, which is formed by rotating the graph of y=1/x

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for x greater or equal to one about the x axis?

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Any chance you could repeat the question?

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I'll take that as a no, then!

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Secondly for five points...

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Hang on, we haven't conferred. No, it's all right. We may have the answer.

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-If you wouldn't mind?

-No, I'd be delighted to hear your conferring!

-Thank you.

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OK, we'll take a stab. Methuselah.

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Methuselah. No, it's the Archangel Gabriel.

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But never mind. Gabriel's trumpet is also known by the name

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of which 17th-century Italian physicist and mathematician who first studied its properties?

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He's often credited with the invention of the barometer.

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Sorry. Oh, Leonardo, we're trying.

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No, it's Evangelista Torricelli. And finally,

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"To understand an object such as Gabriel's horn

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"it's not required that a man be a geometer or logician but that he should be mad."

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This is an assertion of which political philosopher born in Wiltshire in 1588?

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Shall I take a guess?

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Mill.

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Mill? In 1588?!

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I'm just guessing, here. Help me, I'm guessing!

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No, it's Thomas Hobbs. Ten points for this.

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Give the dictionary spelling of the Italian Christmas bread known as panettone?

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-P-A-N-E-T-T-O-N-E.

-Correct!

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These bonuses are on British plays that have won Tony Awards in the US.

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For five points. Adapted from a novel by Michael Morpugo,

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which British play won five prizes at the 2011 Tony Awards

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including best play?

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-War Horse.

-Correct. Which nine-hour trilogy by Tom Stoppard

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set a new record when it won seven awards at the 2007 Tonys?

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-Sorry, no.

-The Coast of Utopia.

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Finally, set in a Sheffield grammar school in 1983,

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-which play by Alan Bennett...

-History Boys.

-History Boys is correct.

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Another starter question. Listen carefully and give both answers promptly.

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Words meaning genus of trees that includes holly,

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wild mountain goat

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and list of books deemed contrary to Catholic faith or morals,

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have in common what first and what final letter?

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-I, X.

-Correct.

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These bonuses are on explorers, Liverpool.

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Born 1394, Prince Henry, the son of John I of Portugal

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is usually known by what nickname because of the number of sea expeditions he financed?

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-The Navigator.

-Correct. Until it was renamed Maputo in 1976,

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the capital of Mozambique was named after which Portuguese explorer

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who visited the city in the 16th century?

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-No.

-That's Lourenco Marques.

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And finally, which Portuguese explorer was killed

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in the region of The Philippines after landing there

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in his flagship The Trinidad in 1521?

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-Magellan?

-Correct!

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We're going to take a music round now.

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For your music starter, you'll hear a piece of popular music.

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For 10 points, I want you to give me the name of the band performing.

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# Long time ago in Bethlehem

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# So the Holy Bible... #

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-Boney M?

-Yes!

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So following on from Mary's Boy Child by Boney M,

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music bonuses - three more pieces of popular music.

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Each has lyrics which refer to figures or objects

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which also appear in the Nativity story.

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Five points for each artist or band you can identify. Firstly:

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# Must be talking to an angel

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# Must be talking to an angel

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# Must be talking to an angel

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# Must be talking to an angel

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# Must be talking to an angel... #

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-Eurythmics.

-It is The Eurythmics, yes.

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Secondly.

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# Really sorry now for what they've done

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# They were three wise men, just trying to have some fun

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# Look who's alone now

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# It's not me, it's not me

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# Those three wise men they got a semi by the sea

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# Gotta ask yourself a question... #

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-David Gray?

-No, it's James Blunt.

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And finally, somewhat loosely...

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# I was born

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# Under a wand'rin star... #

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-Lee Marvin.

-It was Lee Marvin, yes.

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Right. 10 points for this.

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Thought to date to around 1500 BCE,

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the earliest form of which Indo-European language is known as Vedic

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and its most common register as classical?

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It's one of 22 scheduled languages in the constitution of India.

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-It must be Sanskrit.

-It is Sanskrit, yes.

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Right. Your bonuses are on "reviewese", Liverpool.

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In other words, euphemistic terminology used in book reviews

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according to the Times columnist, Ben Macintyre.

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Firstly for five, according to Macintyre, what short word

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when used by reviewers, means "I'm not sure if this is funny"?

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By a different etymology it denotes curved symmetrical structures

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that feature prominently in euro bank notes.

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-Arch.

-Correct. Secondly,

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Macintyre quotes a poem by Clive James in his definition of which German word,

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often used in "reviewese", saying, "The book of mine enemy hath been remaindered, but I am glad."

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-Schadenfreude.

-Indeed.

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Finally, also used of the orbits of astronomical bodies and the cranks of steam engines,

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which "reviewese" adjective, according to Macintyre,

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translates into everyday English as,

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"The author should be sectioned immediately."

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Crank.

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-No, it's eccentric.

-Oh!

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10 points for this. What is the common name of the grass Secale cereale?

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Widely grown in eastern and northern Europe,

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its flour has a lower gluten content than wheat

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and is used to make bread, pumpernickel and crispbreads.

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-Rye.

-Rye is correct, yes.

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These bonuses, Cardiff, are on French art museums.

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Raphael's Three Graces is part of the collection of the Musee Conde in which town near Paris,

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also associated with horse racing and lace.

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-Chantilly.

-Correct. Born in Aragon in 1746,

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which artist gives his name to a museum of Spanish painting

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in Castres, east of Toulouse?

0:17:530:17:55

-Sorry, no.

-Goya. Finally, the painting Bonjour Monsieur Courbet

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is part of the collections of the Musee Fabre in which city to the west of Marseille?

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-Montpellier.

-Montpellier is correct, yes.

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10 points for this. July 31st 1970

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became known as Black Tot Day, following the abolition of what tradition?

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-The withdrawal of the rum ration in the Navy.

-Correct.

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These bonuses are on shorter words, Cardiff,

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that can be made using any of the eight letters of the word Yuletide.

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In each case, give the word from the definition.

0:18:470:18:49

Firstly, to omit a sound or syllable when speaking. For example,

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"Can't" for "cannot", or "Febry" for "February".

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I want the verb here, not the noun.

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-Elide.

-Correct.

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From the Latin for "day", the English term for the legislature of Japan.

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The Diet, D-I-E-T.

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Correct. Finally,

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in addition to the ego and the super-ego,

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the third agency of the human personality defined by Freud.

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-Id.

-Correct.

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Time for another picture round. For your starter, you'll see a picture of a Shakespearian character.

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Ten points if you can name the character.

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-Malvolio.

-Indeed, yes. Cross-gartered there.

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So you get the picture bonuses, Cardiff.

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They're distinguished actors who have played Malvolio from Twelfth Night.

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Five points for each actor you can name. Firstly, this one.

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-Richard Wilson.

-It is Richard Wilson.

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Secondly.

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-Alan Rickman.

-No, it's Nigel Hawthorne.

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And finally.

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-Richard Briers.

-Correct.

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10 points for this starter question.

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"Marriage has many pains, but celibacy has no pleasures."

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These are the words of which literary figure in the 1759 work

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"Rasselas, Prince of Abyssinia"?

0:20:430:20:45

-Samuel Johnson.

-Correct.

0:20:460:20:48

Your bonuses are on winter warfare.

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During the siege of Leningrad from 1941 to '44,

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winter supplies were brought into the city from the north-east

0:20:560:21:00

across which large frozen lake near the Finnish border?

0:21:000:21:04

-Don't know.

-Lake Ladoga.

0:21:080:21:10

A turning point in the American Revolutionary War came on Christmas night in 1776

0:21:100:21:15

when, in freezing conditions, George Washington led his troops across which river?

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-Potomac?

-No, it was the Delaware River.

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Finally, the Winter War is the subtitle of a book by Patrick Bishop and John Witherow

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about which late 20th-century conflict?

0:21:300:21:33

-No. Pass.

-The Falklands War. Less than ten minutes to go. Ten points for this.

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In mechanics, which English scientist's name

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is given to the modulus of elasticity

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defined as the ratio of the tensile...

0:21:450:21:47

-Young's.

-Young's Modulus is correct. Thomas Young.

0:21:480:21:51

Liverpool, these are on a theatre, these bonuses.

0:21:530:21:57

Founded in 1963, which theatre's directors have included

0:21:570:22:01

Laurence Olivier, Peter Hall and Richard Eyre?

0:22:010:22:03

-The National.

-Correct. The National Theatre.

0:22:080:22:11

Which other London theatre was the temporary home of the National Theatre Company

0:22:110:22:15

from its inception until its move in 1976 to a permanent home on the South Bank?

0:22:150:22:20

-Pass.

-The Old Vic.

0:22:250:22:27

The National Theatre contains three main auditoria.

0:22:270:22:30

The largest is the Olivier and the smallest is the Cottesloe. What's the other?

0:22:300:22:34

-Lyttelton.

-Correct.

0:22:340:22:36

Five minutes to go. 10 points for this.

0:22:360:22:38

Standing at the end of the Royal Mile against the backdrop of Arthur's Seat,

0:22:380:22:41

which Edinburgh palace is the official residence...

0:22:410:22:44

-Holyrood.

-Holyrood House, it's formally called,

0:22:450:22:47

but it's often abbreviated to Holyrood. I accept that.

0:22:470:22:50

Your bonuses now are on chemical tests, Liverpool.

0:22:500:22:54

What test for simple sugars takes its name from the blue solution

0:22:540:22:57

that is added to the substance to be tested?

0:22:570:23:00

-Litmus.

-No, it's the Benedict's test.

0:23:030:23:06

What test for proteins involves adding sodium hydroxide and a small amount of copper sulphate

0:23:060:23:11

to the test substance?

0:23:110:23:13

-Pass.

-That's the Biuret Test.

0:23:170:23:20

And finally, the development of a blue-black colour when iodine is added to a substance

0:23:200:23:25

indicates the presence of what?

0:23:250:23:28

-Acid.

-No, it's starch. Four minutes to go. 10 points for this.

0:23:360:23:40

Orion, Falcon, Antares, Intrepid and Eagle

0:23:400:23:43

were the names of what precise type of spacecraft

0:23:430:23:46

employed by NASA between 1969 and '72?

0:23:460:23:49

Moon landing craft.

0:23:500:23:52

Moon landing modules. Yes, lunar modules.

0:23:520:23:54

I'll accept that.

0:23:540:23:56

Your bonuses this time are on literary characters.

0:23:560:23:59

"Gabriel Varden: The Locksmith of London"

0:23:590:24:01

was an early provisional title of which historical novel by Charles Dickens?

0:24:010:24:05

-Little Dorrit.

-No, it's Barnaby Rudge.

0:24:150:24:18

Gabriel Conroy is the protagonist of "The Dead",

0:24:180:24:21

the final short story in which collection of 1914 by James Joyce?

0:24:210:24:26

-The Dubliners.

-Correct.

0:24:320:24:34

Gabriel Oak is "the young man of sound judgement"

0:24:340:24:37

described by Thomas Hardy in the opening of which novel of 1874?

0:24:370:24:41

-"Far From the Madding Crowd."

-Correct. 10 points for this.

0:24:410:24:44

Which sport was first recognised by the International Olympic Committee in 1994

0:24:440:24:49

and made its winter games debut four years later with the giant slalom and the half-pike events?

0:24:490:24:55

-Snowboarding.

-Correct.

0:24:550:24:58

These bonuses - that's given you the lead, by the way -

0:24:580:25:03

these bonuses for a possible 15 are on words that begin with the same four letters.

0:25:030:25:07

In each case, give the word or name from the definition.

0:25:070:25:10

From a French past participle, a word used deprecatingly

0:25:100:25:13

of someone from a lowly background who's risen suddenly to wealth or influence.

0:25:130:25:18

-Parvenu.

-Correct.

0:25:190:25:21

In Hindu mythology, the wife of Shiva and mother of Ganesh and Skanda.

0:25:210:25:26

-No.

-That's Parvati.

0:25:300:25:32

And finally, a class of viruses that affects vertebrate animals

0:25:320:25:36

one of which produces the condition known as slapped cheek in humans.

0:25:360:25:40

Come on.

0:25:450:25:47

Don't know.

0:25:470:25:48

Parvovirus. 10 points for this.

0:25:480:25:51

Meaning a dangerous or unstable situation, or a key turning point,

0:25:510:25:54

which six-letter word derives ultimately from the Greek verb "to decide"?

0:25:540:25:59

You may not confer. One of you may buzz. You're not going to buzz...

0:26:030:26:06

-Crisis.

-Crisis is correct, yes.

0:26:060:26:08

These bonuses could give you the lead again. They're on opera.

0:26:110:26:14

Name the operas that match the following descriptions and give the composer in each case.

0:26:140:26:19

Firstly, a work performed in 1816

0:26:190:26:21

in which Count Almaviva pursues Rosina.

0:26:210:26:24

-The Barber of Seville.

-The Barber of Seville.

0:26:260:26:28

-By?

-By Rossini.

-Correct.

0:26:280:26:31

Nemorino attempts to win Adina, a wealthy farm owner,

0:26:310:26:35

by means of a substance in the opera's title.

0:26:350:26:38

It was first performed in Milan in 1832.

0:26:380:26:40

It's Verdi.

0:26:430:26:44

Come on, let's have it, please.

0:26:440:26:46

It's Donizetti's The Elixir of Love.

0:26:490:26:52

Finally, an opera first performed in Vienna in 1791

0:26:520:26:54

in which the lovers Tamino and Pamina must endure trials in order to be united.

0:26:540:26:59

-The Magic Flute.

-By?

-Mozart.

-Correct.

0:26:590:27:02

10 points for this. Some people might not know that.

0:27:020:27:04

-I presumed you did!

-You obviously did. I did, but not all the audience necessarily do!

0:27:040:27:09

10 points for this. Which historian presented the BBC's annual Reith lectures in 2012?

0:27:090:27:14

Born in Scotland, his works include "The Ascent of Money" and "Civilisation: The West..."

0:27:140:27:18

-Noel McGregor.

-No. Anyone...

0:27:180:27:21

-And there was a five-point penalty there.

-Niall Ferguson.

0:27:210:27:24

Niall Ferguson is correct, yes.

0:27:240:27:26

These bonuses are on the British army.

0:27:280:27:31

What term is used for a private in the Royal Artillery?

0:27:310:27:33

-Sapper.

-No, it's gunner.

0:27:340:27:37

Craftsman is the equivalent rank to private in which corps of the royal army denoted by the abbreviation...

0:27:370:27:42

-GONG

-At the gong, Cardiff University have 140,

0:27:420:27:45

Liverpool University have 165.

0:27:450:27:47

APPLAUSE

0:27:470:27:49

Bad luck. You didn't go out... I mean, you knew Jingle Bells!

0:27:550:27:58

Liverpool, we look forward to seeing you again, I would imagine, on 165.

0:27:580:28:02

It's only the four highest-winning scores that go through to the semi-finals,

0:28:020:28:05

but 165 is very good.

0:28:050:28:07

Thank you very much for joining us.

0:28:070:28:10

I hope you can join us next time for another Christmas match.

0:28:100:28:13

-Until then, it's goodbye from Cardiff University...

-Goodbye.

0:28:130:28:15

-Goodbye from the team from Liverpool University...

-Bye.

0:28:150:28:18

And it's goodbye from me. Goodbye.

0:28:180:28:20

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