Anturiaethau Cymro yn Affrica

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-Subtitles - -Subtitles	0:00:00	0:00:02
-This is the story -of William Griffith...	0:00:11	0:00:14
-..one of the greatest adventurers -of the Victorian era.	0:00:14	0:00:18
-He travelled the world -in search of treasure.	0:00:18	0:00:21
-In 1894 -he published an exciting tome...	0:00:21	0:00:23
-..entitled -Anturiaethau Cymro yn Affrica.	0:00:24	0:00:27
-It was based on his experiences...	0:00:27	0:00:29
-..working for Cecil Rhodes, -founder of Rhodesia...	0:00:29	0:00:33
-..present-day Zimbabwe.	0:00:33	0:00:35
-It remains a country...	0:00:35	0:00:37
-..influenced -by Rhodes and his contemporaries.	0:00:37	0:00:41
-Griffith's book is a collection -of letters he sent back to Wales.	0:00:41	0:00:45
-They were first published...	0:00:46	0:00:48
-..in The Welsh Nation newspaper -at the end of 1892...	0:00:48	0:00:51
-..a fateful time -in the history of southern Africa.	0:00:52	0:00:55
-Musician Stella Chiweshe -is a descendant...	0:00:56	0:00:59
-..of Nehanda, the heroine of the -first rebellion against the British.	0:00:59	0:01:04
-William Griffith writes about his -friendship with her in his book.	0:01:04	0:01:09
-It was from this area of Wales...	0:01:09	0:01:13
-..that Cecil Rhodes' servant, -William Griffith...	0:01:13	0:01:17
-..came to Zimbabwe to oppress us.	0:01:17	0:01:23
-Catrin Brace, -William Griffith's granddaughter...	0:01:23	0:01:27
-..who lives in New York, is going -to Zimbabwe for the first time...	0:01:28	0:01:32
-..to follow in her ancestor's -footsteps and meet Stella Chiweshe.	0:01:32	0:01:37
-Growing up, none of my family -remember William Griffith.	0:01:37	0:01:41
-We all knew -he'd travelled the world.	0:01:42	0:01:45
-And we were well aware -that he was a scoundrel.	0:01:45	0:01:51
-Someone who was brought up -in Griffith's birthplace...	0:01:52	0:01:56
-..and who has also spent years -in Africa is Gwenllian Jones.	0:01:56	0:02:01
-Cecil Rhodes was the big boss.	0:02:01	0:02:05
-He was a maverick of a man.	0:02:05	0:02:07
-William Griffith fancied himself -as a mini Cecil Rhodes.	0:02:07	0:02:12
-We don't know how much he was able -to reveal about what was going on.	0:02:12	0:02:17
-We don't know.	0:02:17	0:02:19
-He talks about black people -as an inferior race...	0:02:19	0:02:22
-..as all the white people -did back then.	0:02:22	0:02:25
-He kept things to himself...	0:02:25	0:02:29
-..for fear of offending his boss.	0:02:29	0:02:32
-"It wouldn't be wise or beneficial -to say any more on the matter...	0:02:32	0:02:37
-"..though there's much to say...	0:02:38	0:02:41
-"..from one -who knows about the circumstances."	0:02:41	0:02:44
-Of course, he belonged to a time...	0:02:45	0:02:47
-..when -the map of the world was pink...	0:02:48	0:02:51
-..and Britain thought -it could walk into any country...	0:02:51	0:02:55
-..and take what it wanted.	0:02:55	0:02:58
-"Readers must overlook -any mistakes in these letters...	0:03:02	0:03:07
-"..because they've been written -under different circumstances...	0:03:07	0:03:12
-"..than your -usual modes of correspondence."	0:03:13	0:03:16
-"Whilst travelling -through foreign and remote areas...	0:03:16	0:03:20
-"..led by natives...	0:03:20	0:03:22
-"..and sitting -or lying by the fire...	0:03:22	0:03:25
-"..spending long nights...	0:03:25	0:03:27
-"..with the stars above -as the only cover...	0:03:28	0:03:31
-"..I feel lonely.	0:03:31	0:03:33
-"And whilst -in the throes of melancholia...	0:03:34	0:03:37
-"..I scribble on a piece of paper -in front of the fire...	0:03:37	0:03:41
-"..a journal -of what happens on our travels."	0:03:41	0:03:44
-He went to awful places.	0:03:44	0:03:46
-Few white men -had been to these parts before him.	0:03:47	0:03:50
-"I'm sometimes frightened by the -king of the jungle's fierce roar.	0:03:50	0:03:55
-"Or I feel my blood run cold...	0:03:56	0:03:58
-"..when I hear the wails -of the hyenas getting closer.	0:03:58	0:04:03
-"So much so -that there is no peace to be had...	0:04:03	0:04:07
-"..in the far reaches of Africa -to collect my thoughts."	0:04:07	0:04:11
-William was born in 1850...	0:04:13	0:04:17
-..at his home that was called Druid.	0:04:17	0:04:20
-The family home was once a tavern.	0:04:20	0:04:24
-The Druid was situated -near Clynog in Caernarvonshire.	0:04:24	0:04:28
-He was religious. He'd had a chapel -upbringing in Caernarvonshire.	0:04:28	0:04:33
-He often refers -to biblical stories in his book.	0:04:34	0:04:40
-By 1871, the family -had moved to the Felinehli area.	0:04:40	0:04:45
-He then worked -at the Dinorwic quarry...	0:04:46	0:04:50
-..where he learned his craft...	0:04:50	0:04:53
-..as a mining engineer...	0:04:53	0:04:59
-..before going on his expeditions.	0:05:00	0:05:03
-He went to South Africa -soon afterwards...	0:05:03	0:05:06
-..and embarked on his travels -around the world.	0:05:07	0:05:10
-In 1888, -William joined the thousands...	0:05:13	0:05:16
-..who flocked to South Africa...	0:05:17	0:05:19
-..to make their fortune -in the Transvaal goldmines...	0:05:20	0:05:22
-..and the Kimberley diamond mines.	0:05:23	0:05:25
-Cecil Rhodes was the big boss.	0:05:26	0:05:29
-De Beers was the company, -which is still going today.	0:05:29	0:05:32
-He was one of -the British Empire's megalomaniacs.	0:05:33	0:05:36
-He was wild and hot headed.	0:05:36	0:05:39
-He wanted the entire world -to be conquered by the Anglo-Saxon.	0:05:39	0:05:43
-He even wanted to take back America.	0:05:44	0:05:47
-"I contend," said Rhodes...	0:05:47	0:05:49
-.."that we are -the finest race in the world...	0:05:49	0:05:53
-"..and the more we inhabit, the -better it is for the human race.	0:05:53	0:05:57
-"Africa is lying ready for us. -It is our duty to take it.	0:05:57	0:06:01
-"More territory simply means -more of the Anglo-Saxon race.	0:06:01	0:06:05
-"More of the best, the most human, -the most honourable race...	0:06:05	0:06:10
-"..the world possesses."	0:06:10	0:06:12
-"About two years ago...	0:06:14	0:06:16
-"..a company called the British -South Africa Chartered Company...	0:06:16	0:06:21
-"..was granted permission -by the British Parliament...	0:06:21	0:06:24
-"..to colonize the countries -between the River Limpopo...	0:06:24	0:06:28
-"..and the Zambezi.	0:06:28	0:06:31
-"Countries which possess -precious, bountiful treasures...	0:06:31	0:06:35
-"..most notably gold.	0:06:35	0:06:38
-"Archaic traditions were upheld...	0:06:38	0:06:42
-"..and facts which pointed at -these countries as Lands of Ophir...	0:06:43	0:06:47
-"..where King Solomon -acquired all his gold...	0:06:48	0:06:52
-"..to gild his temple.	0:06:52	0:06:54
-"Making countries like this -accessible...	0:06:56	0:06:59
-"..inspires intrepid explorers.	0:07:00	0:07:02
-"Influenced by such a spirit, -this writer ventured his corpus...	0:07:02	0:07:07
-"..to the heart of this desert."	0:07:08	0:07:10
-This desert -was home to two native tribes...	0:07:13	0:07:17
-..namely the Matobele -and the Mashona.	0:07:17	0:07:21
-In 1889, Rhodes was issued -a Royal Charter by Britain...	0:07:21	0:07:25
-..to colonize their territory.	0:07:26	0:07:28
-The Matabele -are descendants of the Zulu...	0:07:28	0:07:31
-..in the southeast of the country.	0:07:31	0:07:33
-Their king at the time -was Lobengula.	0:07:33	0:07:36
-Their capital was Bulawayo.	0:07:36	0:07:39
-In the centre and the north...	0:07:39	0:07:41
-..lived the peaceful nation -of the Mashona.	0:07:41	0:07:44
-To them, the land and the animals -were for communal use.	0:07:44	0:07:48
-But that's not -how Cecil Rhodes saw it.	0:07:49	0:07:51
-Rhodes commissioned -Frank Thompson...	0:07:52	0:07:54
-..a 22-year-old Englishman -who hated the Matobele...	0:07:55	0:07:58
-..to lead the Pioneer Column army...	0:07:58	0:08:01
-..through Matabeleland -and annexe Mashonaland.	0:08:01	0:08:05
-Englishmen and Boers -made up the ranks of the Pioneers.	0:08:05	0:08:09
-In Rhodes' mind, -they were suitable men...	0:08:09	0:08:12
-..to create a civilized population.	0:08:12	0:08:15
-For their military service...	0:08:15	0:08:17
-..they were each given 3,000 -acres of land in Mashonaland...	0:08:17	0:08:21
-..as well as mining rights.	0:08:21	0:08:23
-That, of course, without consulting -the indigenous population.	0:08:25	0:08:29
-Yes, well, of, course...	0:08:30	0:08:32
-..William -was part of the British Empire...	0:08:33	0:08:36
-..and walked into -people's territories.	0:08:36	0:08:39
-I live in America...	0:08:40	0:08:42
-..and the same is true there.	0:08:43	0:08:45
-I've been reading a lot -about Zimbabwe's history recently.	0:08:45	0:08:50
-Zimbabwe's history and -America's history is very similar.	0:08:51	0:08:57
-Manifest Destiny, which -is what the Americans call it...	0:08:57	0:09:01
-..meant that they could -get rid of the Native Americans.	0:09:01	0:09:07
-I'm very familiar -with American history.	0:09:07	0:09:10
-It's been interesting...	0:09:10	0:09:12
-..reading about Zimbabwe and finding -the same thing happened there...	0:09:13	0:09:17
-..and how awful Cecil Rhodes was.	0:09:17	0:09:20
-He was a blackguard and my -great-grandfather worked for him...	0:09:20	0:09:25
-..at a time when -he was marching into Zimbabwe...	0:09:25	0:09:28
-..and colonizing the territory -without permission...	0:09:29	0:09:33
-..and without consultation.	0:09:33	0:09:36
-He tricked the natives -and colonized their territories.	0:09:36	0:09:40
-We're not at all proud -of that history in our family.	0:09:40	0:09:46
-On 26 June, 1890...	0:09:47	0:09:50
-..Rhodes' army left the camp -in Kimberley with 117 wagons.	0:09:50	0:09:55
-They were equipped with the latest -weapons, including machine guns...	0:09:55	0:10:00
-..newly invented -by the American, Hiram Maxim...	0:10:00	0:10:05
-..which could fire -500 bullets a minute.	0:10:05	0:10:08
-This was the British Empire's -weapon of choice.	0:10:09	0:10:12
-Dr Leander Starr Jameson -was a leading figure at the time.	0:10:12	0:10:16
-He was -a close friend of Cecil Rhodes...	0:10:16	0:10:18
-..and ruled the country -once it was colonized.	0:10:18	0:10:21
-On 12 September 1890, -they reached their journey's end...	0:10:22	0:10:26
-..and established Fort Salisbury...	0:10:26	0:10:29
-..named after -the British prime minister.	0:10:29	0:10:32
-There were many marches -and the Union Jack was flying.	0:10:32	0:10:36
-The big guns were fired and a prayer -was offered by another big gun...	0:10:36	0:10:41
-..Canon Balfour -from the Anglican Church.	0:10:41	0:10:44
-It was officially announced -that Mashonaland...	0:10:44	0:10:48
-..was now part -of the British Empire.	0:10:48	0:10:52
-Frank Johnson -was paid 87,000 for his service.	0:10:53	0:10:57
-The Pioneers -each went their separate ways...	0:10:57	0:11:00
-..to establish farms...	0:11:00	0:11:02
-..and assert their mining rights.	0:11:02	0:11:05
-They decided -to call the country Rhodesia...	0:11:05	0:11:08
-..as a tribute to those -who planned its occupation.	0:11:08	0:11:12
-Having realized there was -no gold supply after all...	0:11:14	0:11:18
-..the colonists turned their -attention to the fertile land.	0:11:19	0:11:23
-This is when -the Shona nation's fears grew.	0:11:23	0:11:26
-Fears that continue to this day.	0:11:26	0:11:28
-As the British claimed -fertile land to establish farms...	0:11:29	0:11:32
-..natives were sent to -native reserves on the poorest land.	0:11:33	0:11:37
-They were forced -to work for the British.	0:11:37	0:11:40
-Any village that refused was razed.	0:11:40	0:11:43
-Any chief who refused to give the -white masters workers was beaten...	0:11:43	0:11:48
-..and often shot.	0:11:49	0:11:51
-Welcome to Rhodesia.	0:11:52	0:11:54
-White people had stolen -their cattle, their land...	0:11:59	0:12:03
-..and their self-respect.	0:12:03	0:12:07
-"I could write -an interesting, yet rare chapter...	0:12:07	0:12:11
-"..on Welsh people -who, from time to time...	0:12:11	0:12:14
-"..are missionaries, -explorers, travellers...	0:12:15	0:12:18
-"..and envoys in Africa...	0:12:18	0:12:21
-"..especially -in the southern regions...	0:12:21	0:12:24
-"..where there are many bright -and patriotic Welsh people...	0:12:25	0:12:29
-"..who hold -influential and important jobs.	0:12:29	0:12:32
-It seems -that they gave these Welshmen...	0:12:33	0:12:36
-..important jobs in government...	0:12:36	0:12:38
-..as the Anglo-Saxon empire -has always done.	0:12:39	0:12:42
-Do something nice for them...	0:12:43	0:12:45
-..and they'll forget -all about the Cymru Fu campaign...	0:12:45	0:12:49
-..and self-rule for Wales, -as is still the case.	0:12:49	0:12:52
-This is the first time I've been -in this part of southern Africa.	0:12:55	0:13:00
-It's beautiful.	0:13:01	0:13:03
-I can understand why William was -so fond of this part of the world...	0:13:04	0:13:09
-..because it's a pure wilderness.	0:13:09	0:13:13
-While she's in Zimbabwe, -Catrin will visit...	0:13:14	0:13:17
-..some of the places -her great-grandfather explored.	0:13:18	0:13:22
-She's also meet -musician Stella Chiweshe...	0:13:22	0:13:25
-..a descendant of Nehanda, -the revolutionary prophet...	0:13:25	0:13:29
-..who receives much attention -in William Griffith's book.	0:13:29	0:13:33
-.	0:13:33	0:13:34
-Subtitles	0:13:36	0:13:36
-Subtitles - -Subtitles	0:13:36	0:13:38
-By 1891, access was now possible...	0:13:41	0:13:43
-..from South Africa -as far as Fort Salisbury.	0:13:44	0:13:47
-Intrepid explorers were required...	0:13:47	0:13:51
-..to colonize Rhodesia and source -the land for precious minerals.	0:13:51	0:13:56
-William Griffith, author -of Anturiaethau Cymro Yn Affrica...	0:13:57	0:14:01
-..offered his services.	0:14:01	0:14:03
-"I was appointed to lead -the most important expedition.	0:14:03	0:14:08
-"The troop consisted -of four wagons, two carts...	0:14:09	0:14:13
-"..80 oxen...	0:14:13	0:14:15
-"..12 mules, 12 white men...	0:14:15	0:14:19
-"..and 14 black men, -or those of mixed race mostly...	0:14:19	0:14:23
-"..who were African bastards."	0:14:23	0:14:27
-He opened up the country. He -ventured to the most awful places.	0:14:27	0:14:33
-Through woods and swamps, -where wild animals roamed.	0:14:33	0:14:37
-We have to admire these men.	0:14:37	0:14:40
-"Pushing on as hard as we could -from Kimberley...	0:14:41	0:14:46
-"..within four days -we reached Fort Tuli...	0:14:46	0:14:49
-..the first fort...	0:14:49	0:14:51
-"..occupied by the British South -Africa Chartered Co in Matabeleland.	0:14:52	0:14:57
-"The place was a hive of activity...	0:14:57	0:15:00
-"..with people -from every part of the country."	0:15:01	0:15:04
-What I like is the way -he compares what he sees...	0:15:04	0:15:08
-..with what -he was used to at home as a child.	0:15:08	0:15:12
-The singing reminds him -of congregational singing.	0:15:12	0:15:16
-When he mentions -the dark wilderness...	0:15:16	0:15:19
-..it reminds him -of Williams Pantycelyn's hymn.	0:15:19	0:15:22
-It's those touches I like.	0:15:22	0:15:24
-He was quite a good author.	0:15:25	0:15:27
-He was writing for a particular -audience - Welsh speakers.	0:15:27	0:15:33
-He'd recount amusing stories...	0:15:33	0:15:35
-..and compare places in Africa -to places in Wales.	0:15:36	0:15:41
-He compares Great Zimbabwe -to Caernarfon Castle.	0:15:41	0:15:46
-He compared the females there -to Welsh women.	0:15:46	0:15:50
-He said -Welsh women would be better off...	0:15:50	0:15:53
-..if they didn't wear corsets...	0:15:53	0:15:56
-..and were more natural, -like African women.	0:15:56	0:16:00
-"In my opinion, the women of -Bechuanaland are unusually pretty.	0:16:01	0:16:05
-"The prettiest -of all the black tribes of Africa.	0:16:06	0:16:10
-"Some travellers -prefer the Matabele women...	0:16:10	0:16:15
-"..but I believe the Bechuana -females are the most outstanding.	0:16:15	0:16:20
-"If a bachelor can be -an authority on such a matter."	0:16:21	0:16:24
-He fancied their women.	0:16:25	0:16:26
-"It's a strange thing, having -to stoop to a black man's level.	0:16:28	0:16:33
-"It might sound -like hyperbole to you...	0:16:33	0:16:37
-"..if I were to tell you -that I had to live for many weeks...	0:16:38	0:16:42
-"..on porridge sweetcorn.	0:16:42	0:16:45
-"When a man takes it upon himself -to do the menial work...	0:16:45	0:16:49
-"..as I had done -of my own volition...	0:16:49	0:16:52
-"..a man has chosen -this hard and dangerous life...	0:16:52	0:16:58
-"..no matter -how romantic he might be at heart."	0:16:58	0:17:01
-The name Zimbabwe comes from the -ancient ruins of Great Zimbabwe...	0:17:01	0:17:07
-..which has been designated -a World Heritage Site.	0:17:07	0:17:10
-One of the highlights -of William's adventures...	0:17:10	0:17:14
-..was looking for gold on the site.	0:17:14	0:17:16
-Rhodes believed that Ophir, the -Queen of Sheba's goldmine, was here.	0:17:17	0:17:23
-"I took my handgun...	0:17:23	0:17:26
-"..and with my compass, -I stepped to the right.	0:17:26	0:17:29
-"We arrived there before sunrise.	0:17:30	0:17:32
-"Without exploring very much...	0:17:33	0:17:35
-"..we found the temple...	0:17:35	0:17:38
-"..and everyone fell to the floor -in an ancient room...	0:17:38	0:17:42
-"..which looked as if -it once belonged to the Queen.	0:17:42	0:17:46
-"Soon we were all asleep...	0:17:46	0:17:49
-"..dreaming about Solomon's gold...	0:17:49	0:17:52
-"..and hoping -he'd left some in the cellars...	0:17:53	0:17:57
-"..so we could dig it up -the following day."	0:17:57	0:18:00
-I've grown up, knowing William -came here to see Great Zimbabwe...	0:18:01	0:18:06
-..knowing it was -an enormous castle and fort...	0:18:06	0:18:10
-..but not much more than that.	0:18:10	0:18:13
-Here I am, -sitting in the very place...	0:18:13	0:18:18
-..looking -at this remarkable building.	0:18:18	0:18:22
-To think that my great-grandfather -had been to this exact spot...	0:18:22	0:18:27
-..125 years ago is incredible.	0:18:27	0:18:31
-In 1896, a year after William's -second book was published...	0:18:33	0:18:37
-..the Matabele and the Shona -rebelled against the British.	0:18:37	0:18:41
-The revolt -was called the First Chimurenga.	0:18:41	0:18:46
-Its spiritual leader was Nehanda.	0:18:46	0:18:50
-She was arrested, along with another -famous spiritual leader, Kaguvi...	0:18:51	0:18:56
-..and tried for conspiring -to kill a British official.	0:18:56	0:19:00
-They were both found guilty...	0:19:02	0:19:04
-..and on 27 April 1898...	0:19:04	0:19:08
-..both were hanged -at Salisbury prison.	0:19:08	0:19:11
-Nehanda's last words were, -"My bones will rise again".	0:19:12	0:19:16
-Her prophecy came true...	0:19:17	0:19:19
-..during the Second Chimurenga -in the 1970s...	0:19:19	0:19:23
-..when Zimbabwe won its independence -after a bloody war...	0:19:23	0:19:27
-..against the army of Ian Smith, -head of the Rhodesian government.	0:19:27	0:19:31
-Nehanda is a national icon -in Zimbabwe today.	0:19:32	0:19:36
-A contemporary portrayal of her -is given in William Griffith's book.	0:19:36	0:19:41
-"A tall, attractive woman.	0:19:41	0:19:43
-"It was apparent that -she possessed exceptional skills...	0:19:43	0:19:47
-"..that were rare for her people, -and she knew how to use them.	0:19:47	0:19:51
-"When we came to the first place, -she visited us.	0:19:51	0:19:55
-"It was a kind of royal visit.	0:19:55	0:19:57
-"She came with her two handmaidens -to see the white official.	0:19:58	0:20:02
-"We became friends -in no time at all."	0:20:02	0:20:06
-She met them because she thought, -'These white men are arriving...	0:20:06	0:20:11
-'..I'd better greet them.'	0:20:11	0:20:13
-But when she saw -the Union Jack flying...	0:20:14	0:20:16
-..and found out -their true intentions, she changed.	0:20:17	0:20:21
-She came to hate them.	0:20:21	0:20:23
-William had befriended a woman...	0:20:24	0:20:27
-..who embodied -the Shona's most powerful spirit.	0:20:27	0:20:31
-Nehanda's guardian spirit was passed -down through the generations...	0:20:31	0:20:36
-..to chosen members of the nation.	0:20:37	0:20:39
-With the arrival -of the British colonists...	0:20:39	0:20:42
-..there was demand for her advice.	0:20:42	0:20:45
-You know, I'm so pleased -to meet you, Catrin...	0:20:45	0:20:49
-..because it's -a long-forgotten history...	0:20:49	0:20:54
-..that we are talking about.	0:20:54	0:20:56
-The Nehanda who met William -was the fifth medium.	0:20:58	0:21:01
-The spirit was transferred -until it reached (Nehanda) Charwe.	0:21:01	0:21:06
-Nehanda's spirit is important...	0:21:08	0:21:10
-..because she's inherited -this country's gift.	0:21:10	0:21:13
-So, today, if there's any problem, -we call on Nehanda's spirit.	0:21:14	0:21:20
-She consults our ancestors on -our behalf if we need their help.	0:21:20	0:21:29
-So, today, -I have to shake your hand.	0:21:30	0:21:33
-It's a great pleasure.	0:21:34	0:21:35
-That we are talking about -these people who lived before us.	0:21:36	0:21:42
-Exactly. A long time ago.	0:21:42	0:21:44
-And representing them.	0:21:44	0:21:46
-He was a man of his time and part -of the British Empire's mission.	0:21:46	0:21:51
-But he wasn't -an important man in this campaign.	0:21:51	0:21:54
-He was a small cog...	0:21:54	0:21:57
-..in the grand scheme -of British imperialism.	0:21:58	0:22:02
-They didn't have -a moral right to be there.	0:22:03	0:22:07
-By using the Matabele's 1893 assault -on Fort Victoria as an excuse...	0:22:07	0:22:12
-..Jameson and Rhodes' army -attacked Matabeleland...	0:22:12	0:22:17
-..with their Maxim guns -and razed Lobengula's HQ...	0:22:17	0:22:21
-..in Bulawayo.	0:22:21	0:22:23
-1,000 of the Matabele were killed -along with four Britons.	0:22:23	0:22:27
-He took the land as loot...	0:22:28	0:22:30
-..and also the cattle.	0:22:31	0:22:34
-More than that, he took away -the natives' self-respect.	0:22:34	0:22:39
-William was involved -in the conflict...	0:22:40	0:22:42
-..and fought near River Tokwe.	0:22:43	0:22:45
-"If we show them in any way -that we fear the black man...	0:22:46	0:22:51
-"..it would be -impossible to live with him."	0:22:52	0:22:55
-"You must always have the -upper hand, whatever the price."	0:22:56	0:23:00
-These are the Matopos Hills...	0:23:00	0:23:03
-..the nation's spiritual home.	0:23:03	0:23:05
-It's more than likely that Lobengula -came here to poison himself...	0:23:06	0:23:10
-..after being tricked -and humiliated by Cecil Rhodes.	0:23:10	0:23:14
-It is also here, -at the summit of the Matopos...	0:23:17	0:23:20
-..overlooking -the splendour of Zimbabwe...	0:23:21	0:23:24
-..that Cecil Rhodes' -ornate tomb lies.	0:23:25	0:23:28
-He's still here.	0:23:28	0:23:30
-His servant, William Griffith, -died in 1914...	0:23:31	0:23:34
-..not from -fighting natives or wild animals...	0:23:35	0:23:38
-..but from a dose of flu in London.	0:23:38	0:23:41
-He was buried in Aberystwyth.	0:23:41	0:23:43
-S4C Subtitles by Adnod Cyf.	0:23:58	0:24:00
-.	0:24:00	0:24:01

Anturiaethau Cymro yn Affrica

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