Corff Cymru: Cariad


Corff Cymru: Cariad

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-It can take us by surprise.

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-Most of us hope to find it.

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-It can make us happy and sad...

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-..crazy and content.

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-And we hope it lasts for ever.

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-Love affects the way we think

-and the way we behave.

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-What is love

-and what does it do to the body?

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-Why does it exist

-in the first place?

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-In this Corff Cymru special,

-we cast a scientific eye over love.

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-I'm Dr Anwen Jones,

-a Physiology And Health lecturer...

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-..at Cardiff

-Metropolitan University.

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-I'm Dr Katie Hemer, a Bioarchaeology

-lecturer at Sheffield University.

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-We'll look at scientific research

-into the physiology of love...

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-..and we'll meet leading experts to

-discover how this unique feeling...

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-..has such a huge impact

-on our bodies and on our lives.

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-We'll ask what happens

-when we fall in love...

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-..what influences

-our search for love...

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-..and how uniquely human

-love actually is.

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-Falling in love changes us.

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-It affects the way we think

-and the way we behave.

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-Something happens in the brain

-when we fall in love...

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-..to trigger these huge changes.

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-What effect does falling in love

-have on the brain?

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-Does love's magic last for ever

-or is it just temporary?

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-Does love's impact on the brain

-change over time?

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-To look at the effect

-love has on the brain...

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-..I'm meeting Ceri Ellis at Bangor

-University's Psychology Department.

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-Couples who've been together for at

-least four years were recruited...

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-..to participate

-in a special research project.

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-The couples are asked

-to write a list of Love Words...

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-..which have meaning for them

-as a couple.

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-The couples are separated

-and enter two different rooms.

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-They wear EEG caps

-which monitor brain activity.

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-Love Words are mixed with standard

-negative and positive words...

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-..and they're displayed

-on the screen, one at a time.

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-The person presses the space bar

-every time they see a negative word.

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-They also read the positive words

-and the love words.

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-Scientists can measure the brain's

-reaction to specific words...

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-..and compare the brain's reaction

-to the different groups of words.

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-The individuals within each couple

-are stimulated by love words.

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-They trigger a stronger reaction

-than the positive words.

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-I can see a peak here.

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-Yes, and this shows an extremely

-quick process in the brain.

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-The reaction peaks

-at 600 milliseconds...

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-..after they see the word.

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-We don't even notice this response?

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-No, we don't.

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-Both people

-are unaware of their reaction.

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-It stems from

-their shared experiences.

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-This demonstrates...

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-..that these love words

-trigger a strong emotional reaction.

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-The EEG cap also offers clues about

-which part of the brain reacts.

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-This picture tells us which part

-of the brain reacts to love words.

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-This red area...

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-..is the part of the brain

-which reacts to love words.

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-We can see which parts of the brain

-are most active.

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-Are these the language and words

-areas of the brain?

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-Yes, and when you see

-language-related research...

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-..this is the area of the brain

-which is usually activated.

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-There's also evidence to suggest

-this area also deals with emotion.

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-What effect does being in love

-have on the brain?

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-The research shows us that

-the processes of being in love...

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-..and shared experiences can change

-the way we deal with the world...

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-..through forging strong emotional

-links with what we do every day.

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-This research shows that love

-has a direct impact on the brain.

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-It even shows that areas which deal

-with language, memory and emotion...

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-..play a part in this.

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-Which areas of the brain

-are shaped by love...

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-..and are those changes permanent?

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-Further research, using techniques

-like MRI, is needed to answer that.

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-When you fall in love, chemicals

-rush around your brain and body.

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-What chemicals are important?

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-When you're with your partner,

-especially in the early days...

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-..your heart races,

-you blush and your hands sweat.

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-You can blame the chemical

-noradrenaline for that!

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-Dopamine is the chemical in charge

-of our pleasure-reward system.

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-Dopamine makes us feel happy and

-is released when we see our partner.

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-When we spend time

-with our partner...

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-..the brain

-releases the hormone oxytocin.

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-The same hormone is released between

-mother and baby to form a bond.

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-Oxytocin

-and vasopressin, another hormone...

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-..are vital

-to forming lasting bonds.

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-Endorphins also play a part

-in long-term bonding.

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-Endorphins, the body's natural

-painkilling chemicals...

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-..are released

-when we see our partner.

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-They make us feel happy and safe.

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-Several chemicals in the body

-come into play when we fall in love.

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-They work together over time as the

-bond between partners gets stronger.

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-Thank you.

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-Apparently, some foods and drinks

-can stimulate romance.

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-They're called aphrodisiacs.

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-It's believed consuming aphrodisiacs

-affects the body in such a way...

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-..that they stimulate feelings

-of love or romance.

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-Is there science behind aphrodisiacs

-or are they old wives' tales?

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-Historically, aphrodisiacs appear

-in many cultures across the world.

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-The shape can influence the

-labelling of food as an aphrodisiac.

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-But it's thought other aphrodisiacs

-have properties which boost libido.

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-To discover more about aphrodisiacs,

-I'm in Canna Deli, Cardiff...

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-..to meet Elin Williams,

-who has some special food for me.

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-Oysters are well-known aphrodisiacs.

-What's so special about them?

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-Oysters are rich in zinc...

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-..which helps the body produce

-testosterone and oestrogen.

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-Watermelon is packed with vitamins

-which are vital to the body.

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-Vegetables like asparagus

-are packed with vitamin E.

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-Bananas are rich in potassium.

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-Hormones like testosterone and

-oestrogen play a big part in love.

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-Foods rich in vitamins and chemicals

-which boost these hormones...

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-..are likely to affect the body.

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-Foods which boost circulation are

-also considered to be aphrodisiacs.

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-Chilli quickens the heart rate

-and ginger boosts our circulation.

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-These things are linked to what

-happens to us when we fall in love.

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-There's a lot of basil

-in these dishes.

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-On the pizza, in the salad

-and in the pesto.

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-In the olden days,

-women rubbed basil on their chest...

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-..because they believed

-men were attracted to its aroma.

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-I can see chocolate over there.

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-Chocolate contains serotonin,

-a chemical which affects the brain.

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-It makes you feel happy and relaxed.

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-Chocolate also contains

-phenylethylamine...

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-..a chemical compound produced

-by the brain to make us feel alive.

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-Eating chocolate

-may well make us feel happy.

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-Elin, do you believe there's

-such a thing as aphrodisiac food...

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-..or is it an old wives' tale?

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-The food you see here is nutritious

-and generally good for the body...

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-..and I think the chemicals in some

-of them affect people's behaviour.

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-It depends on that person's mood

-and who they're with.

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-Scientific evidence doesn't support

-the theory that aphrodisiacs exist.

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-These foods' effect on our mood

-may be all in the head.

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-Why then do so many cultures

-believe in their existence?

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-They include chemicals...

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-..which can potentially

-affect the brain and body...

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-..but do these foods contain enough

-of them to affect the body directly?

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-Aphrodisiac foods

-are full of nutrients...

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-..so they may have had

-a greater effect on people...

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-..when malnutrition was common.

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-Eating nutritious,

-'aphrodisiac' foods...

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-..may have done mind and body

-a power of good and boosted libido.

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-Next, we discuss nature

-and make some tough choices...

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-..as we delve deeper

-into the science of love.

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-.

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-Subtitles

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-Subtitles

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-Humans instinctively

-search for a partner.

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-When we've found the right person,

-we tend to stay together...

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-..possibly for life.

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-It involves a huge investment

-of time and energy.

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-What do we gain from doing this?

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-Do we see similar coupling

-in nature?

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-Are human beings the only ones

-who fall in love?

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-To find out more about love

-in the world of nature...

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-..I met the zoologist, Dr Gethin

-Thomas from Swansea University.

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-Do animals fall in love

-or is it unique to humans?

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-It's hard

-to compare different species.

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-What happens between humans

-is a very deep emotion...

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-..so it's difficult

-to find comparisons.

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-Several species mate for life and

-have strong feelings for each other.

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-We can measure oxytocin, a hormone

-released between long-term mates.

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-This hormone is vital

-to the bonding process.

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-We can measure its levels

-in their blood...

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-..and state that they have

-strong feelings for each other.

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-How much of that is chemical

-and how much is love? I don't know.

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-What animals we've seen today

-mate for a long time?

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-Lorikeets. They live for years

-and they mate for life.

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-They mate with one male or female

-and that remains true for 25 years.

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-The species

-with the longest lifespan...

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-..and who rear their young

-until they reach maturity...

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-..are the species

-who mate for the longest time.

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-What are the advantages

-of mating like this?

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-Reproduction is a risky process.

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-You never know how compatible

-your partner's genes are.

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-If they're too similar,

-it's detrimental to the offspring.

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-If they're too dissimilar, you can

-be reproductively isolated...

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-..like between a horse and a donkey.

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-You want someone who's similar

-but genetically dissimilar enough...

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-..to give the offspring

-the best chance of survival.

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-The best way to do this

-is to form long-term pairs...

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-..which can provide

-shelter and food.

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-Animals form a strong bond...

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-..increase their

-offspring's survival chances.

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-Yes, and if it works

-and the offspring survive...

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-..they stay within the population

-and evolve and adapt to it.

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-Love usually blossoms

-from an initial attraction.

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-Each, for reasons which are hard to

-measure, is attracted to the other.

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-What makes someone attractive?

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-Is there such a thing as someone

-who's attractive to everyone?

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-To look closely at attraction and

-how much control we have over it...

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-..we held an experiment

-with a group of Cardiff students.

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-We asked them to place photos

-of female faces in order...

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-..with the most attractive

-on the left...

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-..and the least attractive

-on the right.

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-We only gave them ten seconds

-to put the faces in order.

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-There's no correct

-or incorrect order.

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-We're only interested

-in the students' choice.

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-She's attractive.

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-Like a computer, the brain works out

-who's attractive and who's not.

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-It seems to be beyond our control.

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-Glasses. Oh, sorry!

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-When we see another face, the brain

-reacts in a tenth of a second.

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-So quickly that the part of the

-brain which deals with logic...

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-..has no time

-to influence the decision.

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-I don't like the red hair.

-I like the more natural look.

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-She's really attractive.

-Blonde hair and blue eyes.

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-These two look like models.

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-I like blondes.

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-They repeated the exercise

-with male faces.

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-Again, a pattern emerges...

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-..and some faces

-are preferred to others.

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-Interestingly, the men and women

-chose similar orders...

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-..and they did it in quick time.

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-This suggests our brain responds to

-a general idea of attractiveness...

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-..a short space of time

-after seeing another face.

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-We have no control

-over this reaction.

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-Most of us tend to favour

-symmetrical faces.

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-The brain calculates the distance

-between the facial features.

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-The eyes, the nose and the mouth.

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-In the ideal symmetrical face,

-the distance from nose to chin...

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-..is 1.5 times

-the distance between the ears.

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-We tend to seek

-a symmetrical body too.

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-We compare a man's shoulder width

-with his waist size...

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-..and the width of a woman's hips

-with her waist - her curves.

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-This symmetry is a sign that

-a person has grown and developed...

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-..that they're healthy

-and have good genes.

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-These features

-would have been vital in the past...

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-..when raising healthy children

-was crucial to human survival.

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-This instinctive reaction...

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-..still influences

-what we find attractive today.

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-Love at first sight

-can last a lifetime.

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-What happens when we fall in love?

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-Scientists have separated love

-into three stages.

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-To find love in the first place,

-we must leave the house.

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-The hormones

-testosterone and oestrogen...

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-..fuel this drive to find a partner.

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-Once we find someone we like,

-we're infatuated with them.

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-During this stage,

-we tend to lose ourselves.

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-We struggle to eat or sleep,

-we shun our family and friends...

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-..and want to spend all our time

-with the new person in our life.

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-All our focus, thoughts, time

-and energy is on our new partner.

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-It can't last because

-we can't get much done in stage two!

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-After a year or two of infatuation

-comes stage three - attachment.

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-After the excitement

-of finding a partner...

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-..we decide to commit to that person

-and things settle down.

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-Chemical changes

-help us form long-term bonds...

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-..which prepare us

-for child-rearing.

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-This may be true love.

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-The body sends us out

-to look for love...

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-..but the way we do this

-is changing.

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-More and more of us are now

-finding love on the internet.

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-According to one study...

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-..one in five new relationships

-starts on the internet.

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-That's likely to increase

-over the coming years.

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-What are the advantages

-of finding love in this way?

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-Catrin and Aron met on the website

-Pishyn.com over ten years ago.

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-They're now married with children.

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-I met them in Caernarfon,

-where they had their first date.

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-How did people react when you

-first told them you'd met online?

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-The reaction was pretty positive.

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-When you want to buy a car,

-you go online and do some research.

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-You make a list

-of the features you want...

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-..and you take the car

-for a test drive.

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-Why not do that

-with more important things?

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-In years gone by,

-people corresponded by letter.

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-It was romantic.

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-By writing and reading,

-you learn a lot more about someone.

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-In a way, exchanging a number

-of emails with someone...

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-..is quite old-fashioned.

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-Certainly, the process of learning

-about someone's character...

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-..is far more intense than when you

-meet someone in a pub or a club.

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-Following that initial contact,

-why did you meet face-to-face?

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-There was something there.

-We clicked.

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-Just like when you meet someone

-in the flesh.

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-She ticked all the boxes.

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-I knew what I wanted and I

-didn't want in a potential partner.

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-The two of you were attracted

-to each other's personality...

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-..rather than a physical attraction.

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-Definitely. There were no photos,

-so I didn't know how Aran looked.

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-When we met

-in the doorway of this pub...

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-..it was quite fresh.

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-That mental attraction

-gave us a foundation...

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-..then you either get that spark

-that goes with that or you don't.

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-That spark was there, wasn't it?

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-After that first date...

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-..would you have believed

-you'd be married for over ten years?

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-When I left this pub, I texted

-my brother to come and pick me up.

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-When I got into the car,

-I told my brother and his wife...

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-..that I'd just met

-the man I was going to marry.

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-Do you think more people in future

-will meet by using technology?

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-I think so. It's becoming more

-normal and more socially acceptable.

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-In the future, we won't ask

-whether or not a couple met online.

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-People will stop seeing a difference

-between the two.

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-It prepares the ground because

-you know there's a connection there.

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-The brain plays an important part

-in physical attraction.

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-When you meet

-and there's a spark there too...

0:22:300:22:35

-..you know things seem promising.

0:22:370:22:39

-We're mesmerized by love.

0:22:420:22:44

-It's more than a feeling - it's an

-instinctive biological force...

0:22:450:22:49

-..which has an impact on our

-behaviour, our mood, our mindset...

0:22:490:22:54

-..and even our decisions.

0:22:550:22:56

-Love begins with

-an instinctive attraction...

0:22:570:23:00

-..and it develops in stages, led by

-chemical changes in the body...

0:23:000:23:05

-..as we form and build a bond which

-will change the way our brain works.

0:23:060:23:12

-Love makes it possible

-for us to mate for a long time...

0:23:130:23:17

-..have children

-and keep our species thriving.

0:23:170:23:20

-Love may be a chemical reaction...

0:23:200:23:23

-..but the pleasure, infatuation

-and contentment of being in love...

0:23:230:23:28

-..is something personal

-for all of us.

0:23:280:23:31

-It's hard to imagine

-a world without love.

0:23:310:23:34

-S4C subtitles by Eirlys A Jones

0:23:490:23:52

-.

0:23:520:23:52

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