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-888

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-888

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-888

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-At last, I've arrived

-in Tiananmen Square, Beijing.

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-The Games of the 29th Olympiad

-in 2008...

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-..are awarded to the city of...

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-..Beijing!

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-Five years ago,

-it was announced that Beijing...

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-..would host the 2008 Olympic Games.

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-Tiananmen Square

-hadn't seen anything like this...

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-..since the 1989 student protests.

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-But this time, the people

-were celebrating a victory.

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-And on the last part of my journey,

-I've come to experience...

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-..China's modern politics

-as it prepares for the 2008 Games.

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-"I walked over dew to get here...

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-"I followed the weak light

-of the last star.

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-"I bring light to the world,

-I bring warmth to mankind.

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-"Ask them to welcome me,

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-.."the messenger of light,

-the bringer of day."

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-The beginning of another day

-for the 7,000 workers on China's...

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-..most important building site. They

-live in a country I'd like to see...

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-..waking up modern,

-democratic and free.

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-They have experienced colonialism

-and imperialism...

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-..and now they are striving

-to build something...

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-..the world hasn't seen before.

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-Communism walking hand in hand with

-capitalism towards another dawn.

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-They are building

-the 2008 Olympic Stadium.

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-What sort of society

-are they building?

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-How will the new Olympic Stadium

-reflect this society?

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-China is experiencing great change.

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-Today, we can converse

-with other countries...

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-..as well as compete with them.

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-Ai Weiwei is China's

-most radical modern artist.

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-His life history

-gives us an insight...

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-..into how the country

-has developed recently.

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-He is the son of one of China's

-most popular poets, Ai Qing...

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-..an artist who turned

-to writing poetry...

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-..after he was imprisoned

-by the Kuomintang Government.

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-He opposed Communism in the '40s.

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-The upheaval

-his family experienced...

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-..has had a great effect

-on Ai Weiwei.

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-It's given him an attitude.

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-He's more than willing to show it,

-even in China.

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-As an artist, Ai Weiwei finds

-himself in an unique situation.

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-He has been chosen as the designer

-of the Olympic Stadium.

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-I asked the bad boy

-what inspired his design.

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-Many people are attracted

-by its Oriental look.

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-They want this piece of work

-to represent...

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-..the views and politics

-of the world.

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-The stadium is more

-than just a stadium.

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-It reflects the ambitions

-and dreams of our time.

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-Perhaps we will fail and perhaps

-they will be disappointed.

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-But I hope it represents China

-at this moment in history.

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-China's hopes...

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-..and how China wishes

-to be seen by the world.

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-But hope is a difficult aspect

-to nail into a building...

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-..and to build into a nation.

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-Ai Qing,

-Ai Weiwei's father, once wrote...

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-.."Hope is the friend of dreams

-but from the same family as deceit".

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-I travelled over 800 miles

-from the capital...

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-..to the village of Hongzhuan

-to see if the Games...

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-..have had any effect

-on the population.

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-I met a grandmother,

-a member of the Communist Party...

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-..and the head of the village -

-Mrs Lui.

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-People here were so poor that

-their children did not go to school.

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-For centuries, paddy fields

-dominated the landscape here.

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-Mrs Lui realised she could make

-more money growing something else.

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-In the beginning,

-I planted flowers on my little farm.

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-The villagers saw the results

-and realised they could do the same.

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-Now, everyone grows flowers.

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-We have been chosen

-to supply flowers for the Games.

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-China's success will be our success.

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-I am very proud of this.

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-Perhaps the village is proud

-of its contribution to the Games...

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-..but it's not just flower power...

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-..that's changed villages

-like Hongzhuan.

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-There have been elections

-in Hongzhuan since '88.

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-They are held every five years...

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-..as part of the Communist

-Government's democratic experiment.

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-China has a fairly simple

-political system...

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-..but the bureaucracy is complex.

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-Right, here we go!

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-China is a one-party country,

-the Communist Party...

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-..which holds a conference

-every five years.

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-The day-to-day running is left

-to the Politburo - the Cabinet...

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-..that controls

-The People's Congress...

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-..23 head honchos who control

-regional and local government.

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-Is that clear?

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-What's interesting

-about Hongzhuan's election...

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-..is that there are two candidates.

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-There is a choice -

-between two communists!

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-Someone wishes to challenge Mrs Lui.

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-A 51-year-old garlic farmer

-called Zhang Luncheng.

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-A leader must look after

-the ordinary folk.

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-He has to make the people richer.

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-In order to do so,

-he has to be rich himself.

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-A leader has to be rich,

-according to Mr Zhang.

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-But for Mrs Lui, it is crucial

-for a leader to know the people.

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-Today, ordinary people

-want democracy...

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-..no matter how large

-or small the problem is.

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-Only when there is democracy

-do they feel happy and respected.

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-Keeping the people happy

-is important...

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-..if the Government

-wants to see its new dawn.

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-Young people feel that a new

-chapter is waiting to be opened.

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-For them, it's not just

-the Games that are important.

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-It's also the moment when China

-turns the dream into reality.

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-In Beijing's technical fair,

-entrepreneur...

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-..and computer whizz kid,

-Lu Yunfei...

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-..tries to win a hi-tech contract

-to supply the Games' tickets.

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-It will be possible to obtain

-tickets around the city, like ATMs.

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-He wants people to return home with

-their picture on their ticket...

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-..and a different idea of China.

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-Many people are clueless

-about China today.

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-They have an image

-of the Chinese wearing "pigtails"...

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-..as they did

-in the early 20th century.

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-They think of China

-as a poor developing country.

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-It's preposterous.

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-He is also a staunch nationalist...

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-..and his website

-is accessed by thousands.

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-He's organised dozens

-of anti-Japanese protests.

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-They highlight

-historic and modern issues...

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-..whilst reflecting

-the growth in nationalism.

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-Our website is concerned

-with safeguarding...

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-..the welfare of our nation

-and people.

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-For me, nationalism is concerned

-with the love of this country.

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-For Lu Yunfei, the Olympic stadium

-is a symbol of the new China...

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-..which, under the leadership

-of the Communist Party...

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-..will compete on a global level.

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-The shame China has felt

-whilst suffering...

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-..at the hands of foreigners has

-had a terrible effect on the nation.

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-As recently as the last century,

-the superpowers attacked...

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-..and that's still very clear

-in their minds.

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-But the worst memory, I'm sure,

-is the brutal Japanese attack...

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-..on Nanking in 1937.

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-350,000 people were murdered.

-There's an opportunity now...

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-..to remind people that

-the Communist Party and its army...

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-..has brought them from there

-to here - the 2008 Olympic Stadium.

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-Beijing University students meet at

-a training session for stewards...

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-..ready for the Olympic Games.

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-Foreign students give a few valuable

-tips about western etiquette.

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-When eating, you must remember...

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-..no noise, no breaking wind.

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-Bo Han is 18 years old and a student

-in her first year studying law.

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-I'm very excited

-about the Olympic Games.

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-Many people will come to China...

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-..to see how we have changed

-and developed.

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-Hopefully, they will change

-their attitude towards us.

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-For Bo Han, in an economy

-that has seen growth of 9%...

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-..every year for the past 20 years,

-anything is possible.

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-But it surprised me to hear that

-the only thing she wants to do...

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-..is join the Communist Party.

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-I've been influenced by my family.

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-My grandfather fought hard

-to join the party but failed.

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-My father was accepted recently.

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-I want to bring new blood

-into the party.

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-I'm sure it will enrich my life.

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-At the moment, our aim is

-to increase our economic power...

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-..to be prosperous and powerful.

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-We have to move with the times

-and not stand still.

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-It appears that joining

-the Communist Party...

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-..is a popular career choice.

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-If she succeeds, she will

-be one of 68 million members...

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-..of a party that is growing

-and is confident about the future.

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-People say that this is China's

-century, but I'm not so sure.

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-Talking like this doesn't help -

-don't just talk, do it!

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-With our enormous population,

-our turn will soon come.

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-888

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-888

-

-888

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-Although the Communist Party...

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-..is recruiting new, optimistic

-members like Bo Han...

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-..for a grumpy western liberal

-like me...

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-..the Communist Party

-has a long way to go...

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-..if it hopes to reach

-the democratic standards...

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-..that are acceptable

-to the rest of the world.

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-There is a need

-for greater freedom of speech.

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-With a family history

-of suffering and oppression...

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-..who better to give me

-a perspective on this...

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-..than the stadium designer

-and artist Ai Weiwei.

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-The disorder

-of the Cultural Revolution...

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-..as seen through the eyes

-of a seven year old.

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-I saw hatred and anger every day.

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-Madness and disorder were the main

-ingredients of my childhood.

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-The Cultural Revolution

-was a desperate attempt by Mao...

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-..to keep the momentum

-of his original vision.

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-It was a complete failure

-and left a million people to suffer.

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-Ai Weiwei was 20

-before he was free from its grasp.

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-During this period,

-his father and family...

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-..were forced to move

-to Xinjiang...

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-..desolate land

-beyond the Gobi Desert.

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-We lived in a hole in the ground,

-in some kind of a bomb shelter.

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-The books of the most famous poet

-of his day were burnt.

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-He was refused any reading books

-and writing materials...

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-..and was forced to clean

-the toilets of 200 soldiers.

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-He would have to attend meetings...

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-..self-evaluation sessions,

-almost every day.

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-I remember one night,

-it was very late...

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-..and he was called

-to one of these meetings.

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-I was home alone,

-worrying about him.

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-When my father came home and opened

-the door, I had a terrible shock...

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-..because he was pitch black.

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-He told me that the Red Guards...

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-..had tipped a bucket full

-of black ink over his head...

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-..to turn him completely black.

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-He lived with this kind of fear

-almost every day.

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-The Cultural Revolution

-ended in 1976.

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-Ai Weiwei was 22 years old.

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-He is scarred for life.

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-The only way forward for me...

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-..was to become

-an independent artist...

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-..because as an artist

-you can create your own system.

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-Now, whatever I do, I always

-remember that I'm a free individual.

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-I have the right and ability

-to choose.

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-The rebel and "enfant terrible"

-Ai Weiwei feels free...

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-..but for millions of others,

-freedom depends on the changes...

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-..that the Communist Party has

-to make to keep its authority.

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-Perhaps there is more tolerance for

-voicing one's opinion in China...

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-..since the student protests

-in Tiananmen Square.

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-But, rather terrifyingly,

-the anti-Japanese riots in 2005...

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-..shows that the power

-of the Government...

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-..continues to be alive and strong.

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-Thousands protested against a new

-version of a Japanese schoolbook...

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-..that did not include

-Japanese atrocities in China.

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-Lu Yunfei was surprised at

-the number of people who protested.

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-He and his friends have organised

-dozens of protests against Japan...

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-..but they had never seen

-anything like this before.

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-We don't know who organised this.

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-Perhaps we will never know

-who organised it.

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-At the time,

-China was trying to prevent Japan...

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-..from getting a permanent seat

-on the UN Security Council.

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-The protests strengthened

-the Government's case...

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-..and as they grew

-in size and strength...

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-..the authorities tried to stop

-any further protests.

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-Lu Yunfei's website,

-'The Patriotic Alliance'...

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-..was blocked without any warning.

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-Thousands of people were sent

-a message on their mobiles...

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-..from the police station

-telling them...

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-.."Do not spread tales.

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-"Show your nationalism

-in a sensible way.

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-"Do not take part

-in any illegal protests."

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-Evidently, people are allowed

-to criticise...

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-..but not allowed to protest...

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-..especially on the sacred land

-of Tiananmen Square...

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-..where it's traditional

-for history to be created.

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-As the new dawn of hope of 2008

-draws ever closer...

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-..evidence of China's progress

-is to be found far far away...

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-..from the metropolis of Beijing.

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-Election day in Hongzhuan. All the

-villagers are in the school yard.

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-The preparations are ongoing and

-the party's head honchos are nearby.

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-Before long, Mrs Lui will know

-whether her flower power...

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-..has succeeded against Mr Zhang,

-the garlic farmer.

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-Everyone has great expectations

-of this election.

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-It's extremely important.

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-My responsibility is to represent

-the ordinary people.

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-It doesn't satisfy

-strict international standards...

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-..and no-one takes advantage

-of the private voting booth...

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-..but everyone is in good spirits.

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-People are voting

-and keeping an eye on the count.

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-Elections don't work as well

-in every village across the country.

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-At times, money changes hands.

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-The voting can be one-sided

-and there can be fighting.

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-But this is the first generation to

-have the right to vote on anything.

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-That, in itself, is progress.

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-The result is...

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-..Mr Zhang, 481...

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-..Mrs Lui, 1,627.

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-Congratulations, Mrs Lui.

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-The applause is enthusiastic

-and warm for Mrs Lui...

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-..but Zhao Hao Yu, the secretary

-of the region's Communist Party...

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-..throws a shadow over the events.

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-With more than a billion people

-in the country...

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-..will people vote

-for a Prime Minister?

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-Where is this going to happen?

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-We have massive differences...

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-..in terms of education,

-beliefs and cultures.

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-How can you allow people

-with just one tick...

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-..to elect our Prime Minister?

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-If there was a gold medal

-for pragmatism...

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-..the Chinese Communist Party

-would win easily.

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-When eastern European communist

-parties lost their power...

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-..China's Government concluded

-that political reforms...

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-..had taken precedence

-over improving the economy.

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-For this electoral system

-to develop...

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-..it must go hand in hand

-with economic reform.

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-With the government

-showing more interest...

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-..in the economy

-than true democracy...

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-..we'll have to wait and see

-if elections are here to stay.

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-For the Communist Politburo, keeping

-everyone happy is quite a trick.

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-Can they keep everything in order?

-Do they know where they are going?

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-The first tentative steps?

-Or the first concrete signs...

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-..that the party

-is adapting quickly enough...

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-..for a nation

-that's gaining in confidence?

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-For Mrs Lui,

-democracy is the only way forward.

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-China's old culture isn't enough

-for its present needs...

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-..especially compared

-to western countries.

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-If there is more democracy,

-there will be greater stability...

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-..and our future

-will be a brighter one.

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-I hope Mrs Lui is right.

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-And I hope that Chinese people

-will find a democracy...

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-..that they will be able

-to define for themselves...

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-..instead of following

-the definition...

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-..handed down by the Politburo...

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-..or follow the sham democracy

-of George Bush.

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-A democracy that is based on social

-fairness and freedom of speech.

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-"Socialism with Chinese

-characteristics"...

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-..might not be the future.

0:22:260:22:27

-Rather, "democracy with

-Chinese characteristics"...

0:22:270:22:31

-..authorised by the Chinese

-and the rest of the world...

0:22:310:22:34

-..in the 2008 Olympic Games.

0:22:340:22:36

-China needs an Olympic Games

-that includes everyone...

0:22:360:22:40

-..rather than a celebration

-of China's nationalism...

0:22:400:22:44

-..where coming first

-means everything.

0:22:440:22:47

-Nationalism is fine

-if it celebrates being unique...

0:22:490:22:53

-..whilst respecting that other

-cultures can also be unique.

0:22:530:22:57

-China's transformation

-has been amazing.

0:23:010:23:04

-Now that I have reached

-the end of my journey...

0:23:060:23:09

-..I hope the people will not

-have to wait another century...

0:23:090:23:13

-..before they wake up democratic,

-modern and free to their new dawn.

0:23:130:23:17

-But that's enough from me.

0:23:210:23:23

-I'll leave the rest

-to the poet Ai Qing.

0:23:230:23:26

-"Faithful poet to time...

0:23:340:23:36

-.."give us your message

-of comfort to mankind.

0:23:360:23:40

-"Tell them to prepare to welcome me.

0:23:400:23:43

-"Tell them to look towards the

-horizon with their faithful eyes.

0:23:430:23:48

-"I will shine upon those

-who expect me with a tender light.

0:23:480:23:53

-"Tell all

-that what they desire is coming."

0:23:540:23:58

-S4C subtitles by Rh Sion Morgan

0:24:370:24:40

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