Pennod 3 Jerwsalem: Tir Sanctaidd
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-Subtitles | 0:00:00 | 0:00:00 | |
-Subtitles - -Subtitles | 0:00:00 | 0:00:02 | |
-The Temple Mount... | 0:00:03 | 0:00:04 | |
-..is one of the holiest places -on the face of the earth. | 0:00:05 | 0:00:08 | |
-For the Jew, it is the site -of the Temple of Solomon. | 0:00:14 | 0:00:17 | |
-For the Christian, the location of -Herod's Temple, where Jesus walked. | 0:00:21 | 0:00:25 | |
-And for every Muslim... | 0:00:31 | 0:00:33 | |
-..it is the site from where -Muhammad ascended to heaven. | 0:00:33 | 0:00:37 | |
-Three faiths, each laying claim... | 0:00:47 | 0:00:50 | |
-..to the Holy Land. | 0:00:50 | 0:00:52 | |
-Throughout -Jerusalem's long history... | 0:00:53 | 0:00:56 | |
-..the faithful -have always fought for possession. | 0:00:56 | 0:01:00 | |
-Today, archaeologists -are embroiled in the conflict. | 0:01:03 | 0:01:08 | |
-Their work holds the key to -understanding Jerusalem's history. | 0:01:08 | 0:01:13 | |
-A history -that could change our future. | 0:01:13 | 0:01:16 | |
-I've come here to try and discover -the truth about the Temple Mount... | 0:01:16 | 0:01:22 | |
-..and the battle -for the Holy Land of Jerusalem. | 0:01:23 | 0:01:27 | |
-The Temple Mount is at the heart -of the political feud... | 0:01:36 | 0:01:40 | |
-..between the Jews -and the Palestinians. | 0:01:41 | 0:01:44 | |
-But what role does -archaeology play in the dispute? | 0:01:44 | 0:01:48 | |
-What do we actually know -about the history of this site? | 0:01:52 | 0:01:55 | |
-Throughout the centuries... | 0:01:59 | 0:02:01 | |
-..people have searched for -the treasures of Herod's Temple. | 0:02:01 | 0:02:05 | |
-Their efforts have been in vain. | 0:02:05 | 0:02:07 | |
-Despite the excavations... | 0:02:12 | 0:02:14 | |
-..few remains have been uncovered. | 0:02:14 | 0:02:17 | |
-Today the site -is under Muslim control. | 0:02:17 | 0:02:20 | |
-The Muslims want to keep the Jews -away from the hallowed ground... | 0:02:21 | 0:02:25 | |
-..the other side -of the Western Wall. | 0:02:25 | 0:02:27 | |
-They have prohibited -excavation of the Temple Mount. | 0:02:28 | 0:02:32 | |
-It's frustrating for Jews who want -to learn more about their legacy. | 0:02:32 | 0:02:37 | |
-But there might be -another way of achieving that goal. | 0:02:38 | 0:02:42 | |
-Beneath the city -is a network of caverns. | 0:02:45 | 0:02:48 | |
-Author James Wasserman believes the -name for them, Solomon's Quarry... | 0:02:51 | 0:02:56 | |
-..is significant. | 0:02:57 | 0:02:59 | |
-According to him, -Jerusalem's citizens... | 0:03:06 | 0:03:09 | |
-..are walking along streets... | 0:03:09 | 0:03:12 | |
-..directly above where stones were -quarried for the original temple. | 0:03:12 | 0:03:17 | |
-This limestone... | 0:03:25 | 0:03:26 | |
-..is called melech. | 0:03:27 | 0:03:30 | |
-Melech stone. | 0:03:30 | 0:03:32 | |
-Which is royal stone. | 0:03:35 | 0:03:37 | |
-This is the bedrock -of the Jewish faith. | 0:03:41 | 0:03:44 | |
-And this is presumably the stone... | 0:03:48 | 0:03:52 | |
-..from which -Solomon's Temple was quarried. | 0:03:52 | 0:03:55 | |
-With this stone in mind, the -challenge of building the temple... | 0:03:57 | 0:04:02 | |
-..becomes clearer. | 0:04:02 | 0:04:04 | |
-Thousands of blocks -would've been required. | 0:04:04 | 0:04:08 | |
-Every stone would've been carved... | 0:04:11 | 0:04:13 | |
-..to fit in -with the temple's design. | 0:04:14 | 0:04:16 | |
-It would've been a very ambitious -project in the ancient world. | 0:04:21 | 0:04:26 | |
-Stonemasons -would've spent many years... | 0:04:28 | 0:04:31 | |
-..carving these enormous stones. | 0:04:32 | 0:04:34 | |
-The general stones... | 0:04:37 | 0:04:39 | |
-..were two and half tons each, -quite massive. | 0:04:39 | 0:04:43 | |
-Thousands and thousands -of stones were also required... | 0:04:46 | 0:04:49 | |
-..to build -the city's defensive walls. | 0:04:50 | 0:04:52 | |
-Stone -wasn't the only material needed... | 0:04:53 | 0:04:56 | |
-..to realize Solomon's dream. | 0:04:57 | 0:05:00 | |
-To create a beautiful temple... | 0:05:02 | 0:05:05 | |
-..precious materials were sourced. | 0:05:05 | 0:05:08 | |
-Until recently, no-one was able -to say where the copper came from... | 0:05:13 | 0:05:18 | |
-..for Solomon's Temple. | 0:05:18 | 0:05:20 | |
-But now, -thanks to the work of one expert... | 0:05:23 | 0:05:26 | |
-..a possible solution to the puzzle -has been offered. | 0:05:26 | 0:05:30 | |
-He has inspected -more than 200 mines... | 0:05:31 | 0:05:35 | |
-..in the ancient kingdom -of Edom in Jordan. | 0:05:35 | 0:05:39 | |
-This new research -shows that the kings of Edom... | 0:05:46 | 0:05:50 | |
-..had mined for copper -during the time of King Solomon. | 0:05:50 | 0:05:54 | |
-Before we started -our project here... | 0:05:57 | 0:06:00 | |
-..everybody was thinking -that the Edomites... | 0:06:00 | 0:06:06 | |
-..are not visible, archaeologically -speaking, before the 7th century. | 0:06:06 | 0:06:11 | |
-But now we are better informed. | 0:06:15 | 0:06:17 | |
-Copper from Jordan was accessible... | 0:06:17 | 0:06:19 | |
-..to King Solomon. | 0:06:20 | 0:06:22 | |
-Dr Najjar's research proves... | 0:06:28 | 0:06:31 | |
-..that copper -was mined on an industrial scale. | 0:06:32 | 0:06:35 | |
-They had to mine deep underground -to retrieve the mineral... | 0:06:43 | 0:06:47 | |
-..situated 70 metres -beneath the surface. | 0:06:48 | 0:06:50 | |
-Working conditions -would've been torturous. | 0:06:55 | 0:06:58 | |
-Slaves or criminals -would have toiled here. | 0:07:00 | 0:07:04 | |
-Evidence suggests -that once they arrived here... | 0:07:12 | 0:07:15 | |
-..they never saw daylight again. | 0:07:15 | 0:07:18 | |
-There were smelting works nearby -to turn the mineral into metal. | 0:07:35 | 0:07:39 | |
-Almost 3,000 years later... | 0:07:53 | 0:07:55 | |
-..the slag, which is the waste -from the smelting process... | 0:07:55 | 0:07:59 | |
-..can still be seen today. | 0:07:59 | 0:08:01 | |
-Dr Najjar has established that -labourers working here in Jordan... | 0:08:12 | 0:08:17 | |
-..produced a mountain of copper -weighing upwards of 200,000 tons. | 0:08:17 | 0:08:22 | |
-He believes that it is -through their hard labour... | 0:08:28 | 0:08:33 | |
-..that there was copper -in Solomon's Temple. | 0:08:33 | 0:08:36 | |
-We know -the description of the temple... | 0:08:51 | 0:08:54 | |
-..and we know it had been decorated -with copper plates and pillars. | 0:08:54 | 0:08:59 | |
-The metal would've been transported -150km across the desert... | 0:09:03 | 0:09:09 | |
-..to Jerusalem. | 0:09:10 | 0:09:11 | |
-So it would make perfect sense... | 0:09:15 | 0:09:17 | |
-..that the copper used -in the decoration of the temple... | 0:09:18 | 0:09:23 | |
-..was produced here. | 0:09:23 | 0:09:25 | |
-But as we learn more -about Solomon's era... | 0:09:30 | 0:09:33 | |
-..archaeologists raise new questions -about Jerusalem's recent history. | 0:09:33 | 0:09:38 | |
-According to the Bible... | 0:09:39 | 0:09:41 | |
-..Jews built two temples here. | 0:09:41 | 0:09:43 | |
-The Temple of Solomon and the Temple -of Herod, known to Jesus Christ. | 0:09:44 | 0:09:49 | |
-What is known about the archaeology -of the building where Jesus taught? | 0:09:52 | 0:09:57 | |
-Some believe -that the ruins of that temple... | 0:09:57 | 0:10:01 | |
-..can be found -the other side of the wall. | 0:10:01 | 0:10:04 | |
-One such man -has taken our cameras underground... | 0:10:05 | 0:10:10 | |
-..to show us a very special place. | 0:10:10 | 0:10:14 | |
-Is he's correct, at -the furthest end of these caverns... | 0:10:18 | 0:10:22 | |
-..the mysteries of Herod are buried. | 0:10:23 | 0:10:26 | |
-This is the western retaining wall -of the Temple Mount. | 0:10:31 | 0:10:35 | |
-Its continuation further south... | 0:10:35 | 0:10:37 | |
-..is the Wailing Wall -where the Jews are praying at. | 0:10:38 | 0:10:41 | |
-You've got enormous -four blocks of stones. | 0:10:41 | 0:10:44 | |
-This is the biggest stone -ever found in this country... | 0:10:44 | 0:10:47 | |
-..and one of the world's largest. | 0:10:47 | 0:10:49 | |
-You see, the stone starts here. | 0:10:50 | 0:10:52 | |
-And it ends... | 0:10:52 | 0:10:54 | |
-Look, you can see yourself -how far it is. | 0:10:54 | 0:10:57 | |
-You see, it goes all the way... | 0:11:00 | 0:11:02 | |
-..to here. | 0:11:04 | 0:11:06 | |
-You see? -All this is one enormous stone. | 0:11:06 | 0:11:10 | |
-But what's astounding... | 0:11:10 | 0:11:14 | |
-..is what lies the other side -of the stone, according to Bahat. | 0:11:14 | 0:11:18 | |
-I believe that here -inside the Temple Mount... | 0:11:19 | 0:11:22 | |
-..there is an enormous vault. | 0:11:22 | 0:11:24 | |
-And this one is the counterforce -which holds the vault in place. | 0:11:24 | 0:11:29 | |
-He says that behind the wall... | 0:11:29 | 0:11:33 | |
-..is an enormous space... | 0:11:33 | 0:11:35 | |
-..where, for 2,000 years... | 0:11:35 | 0:11:37 | |
-..the temple's treasures -have remained hidden. | 0:11:37 | 0:11:40 | |
-But this sanctuary -is sacred to Muslims... | 0:11:43 | 0:11:47 | |
-..as well as Jews. | 0:11:47 | 0:11:49 | |
-Further investigation... | 0:11:49 | 0:11:51 | |
-..would be tantamount to starting -a religious war across the world. | 0:11:51 | 0:11:56 | |
-Anything could be found there -if we could reach it. | 0:11:57 | 0:12:01 | |
-I'll tell you what. | 0:12:01 | 0:12:03 | |
-It doesn't look that serious -but if I dig inside here... | 0:12:03 | 0:12:07 | |
-..I'll dig for World War Three. | 0:12:07 | 0:12:10 | |
-. | 0:12:12 | 0:12:12 | |
-Subtitles | 0:12:14 | 0:12:14 | |
-Subtitles - -Subtitles | 0:12:14 | 0:12:16 | |
-The Noble Sanctuary -or the Temple Mount. | 0:12:19 | 0:12:21 | |
-Two names and one platform... | 0:12:22 | 0:12:24 | |
-..for three world faiths. | 0:12:24 | 0:12:26 | |
-David, Solomon, Jesus and Muhammad. | 0:12:31 | 0:12:34 | |
-According to history, -they have all walked here. | 0:12:34 | 0:12:37 | |
-But many archaeological questions -about the site... | 0:12:38 | 0:12:42 | |
-..are still left unanswered. | 0:12:42 | 0:12:44 | |
-Muslim authorities prohibit -any excavation on the Temple Mount. | 0:12:46 | 0:12:50 | |
-However, underground excavations -are taking place... | 0:12:52 | 0:12:56 | |
-..with contentious conclusions, -to say the least. | 0:12:56 | 0:13:00 | |
-It's legal for Jews to dig just -outside the Temple Mount's walls. | 0:13:01 | 0:13:06 | |
-Archaeologists have recently -capitalized on this opportunity. | 0:13:11 | 0:13:16 | |
-They are inspecting a portion of the -wall at the corner of the site... | 0:13:20 | 0:13:25 | |
-..six metres underground. | 0:13:25 | 0:13:27 | |
-No-one has dug here for 2,000 years. | 0:13:31 | 0:13:33 | |
-What they have discovered... | 0:13:36 | 0:13:39 | |
-..confirms -an archaeological proverb. | 0:13:39 | 0:13:42 | |
-A find doesn't have to -look remarkable to be significant. | 0:13:42 | 0:13:48 | |
-Nobody paid much attention -to this small piece of clay. | 0:13:51 | 0:13:55 | |
-Until someone -recognized its inscription. | 0:13:57 | 0:14:00 | |
-It's a seal impression. -It's a sort of token. | 0:14:04 | 0:14:07 | |
-It has six letters saying... | 0:14:07 | 0:14:10 | |
-..when I translate it into Hebrew, -at least, pure to God. | 0:14:10 | 0:14:14 | |
-The belief is that they have -recovered a religious token... | 0:14:14 | 0:14:19 | |
-..that could've been spent -in the temple. | 0:14:19 | 0:14:22 | |
-As Jewish pilgrims -arrived in Jerusalem... | 0:14:27 | 0:14:30 | |
-..they would've exchanged the token -for an animal to sacrifice. | 0:14:31 | 0:14:35 | |
-This is -the first piece of evidence... | 0:14:40 | 0:14:43 | |
-..of a Jewish spiritual act -on the Temple Mount... | 0:14:43 | 0:14:47 | |
-..relating to a time -long before Islam arrived here. | 0:14:47 | 0:14:51 | |
-Does this confirm to the Jews that -the Temple of Solomon stood here? | 0:14:58 | 0:15:03 | |
-After 25 years in Jerusalem... | 0:15:09 | 0:15:12 | |
-..making excavation -all over the city... | 0:15:12 | 0:15:15 | |
-..this is the most important object -that I've found... | 0:15:16 | 0:15:19 | |
-..that gives us some information -about what happened in the temple. | 0:15:19 | 0:15:24 | |
-And it came from the temple itself. | 0:15:26 | 0:15:29 | |
-The ruins -of the old city of Jerusalem... | 0:15:36 | 0:15:39 | |
-..can be seen in daylight too. | 0:15:40 | 0:15:41 | |
-For Jews, -this is enough to prove their case. | 0:15:42 | 0:15:45 | |
-This is -the bedrock of their faith... | 0:15:45 | 0:15:47 | |
-..despite the Muslim sanctuaries -that are here today. | 0:15:47 | 0:15:51 | |
-But the Muslims -take a very different perspective. | 0:15:51 | 0:15:55 | |
-This is not the Temple Mount -but the Noble Sanctuary. | 0:16:02 | 0:16:07 | |
-In the Islamic faith, it was here -that Muhammad ascended to heaven... | 0:16:08 | 0:16:13 | |
-..accompanied by the Angel Gabriel. | 0:16:13 | 0:16:16 | |
-Al-Aqsa Mosque -is the third holiest place in Islam. | 0:16:22 | 0:16:26 | |
-Since the seventh century... | 0:16:30 | 0:16:32 | |
-..Muslims have come here to worship. | 0:16:33 | 0:16:35 | |
-Parts of this building -have stood here... | 0:16:36 | 0:16:38 | |
-..for close to 1,000 years. | 0:16:38 | 0:16:41 | |
-But in 1967, -during the Six-Day War... | 0:16:50 | 0:16:54 | |
-..Israel occupied -the east of Jerusalem. | 0:16:55 | 0:16:58 | |
-However, the Noble Sanctuary... | 0:17:01 | 0:17:04 | |
-..remained in the hands -of the Palestinians. | 0:17:04 | 0:17:08 | |
-And the position of the mosque -continues under Muslim rule. | 0:17:10 | 0:17:14 | |
-But until recently, -Islamic leaders... | 0:17:16 | 0:17:20 | |
-..urged the faithful to stay away -as a protest against Israeli action. | 0:17:20 | 0:17:25 | |
-I'm glad to say that this advice -has since been withdrawn. | 0:17:29 | 0:17:33 | |
-We're welcome to return to -experience the special ambience... | 0:17:50 | 0:17:54 | |
-..spanning centuries of devotion. | 0:17:54 | 0:17:57 | |
-For pilgrims from afar, there is -no disputing the peace here... | 0:17:57 | 0:18:02 | |
-..and the presence of the eternal. | 0:18:02 | 0:18:05 | |
-It is the Muslim's pure sanctuary. | 0:18:05 | 0:18:08 | |
-But where do the Jews worship? | 0:18:08 | 0:18:11 | |
-The Western Wall is the closest they -are allowed to come to the site. | 0:18:11 | 0:18:16 | |
-They flock here to pray... | 0:18:22 | 0:18:24 | |
-..coming as close as they can -to their ancient temple. | 0:18:24 | 0:18:28 | |
-But are they in the correct place? | 0:18:28 | 0:18:31 | |
-Eli Shukron and I -dig outside the Temple Mount area. | 0:18:31 | 0:18:35 | |
-Just next to, parallel to... | 0:18:35 | 0:18:37 | |
-..the Western Wall -of the Temple Mount area. | 0:18:37 | 0:18:40 | |
-The work has raised doubts. | 0:18:42 | 0:18:44 | |
-Is there a real basis -to the wall's tradition? | 0:18:44 | 0:18:48 | |
-As well as the sacred token... | 0:18:49 | 0:18:51 | |
-..Reich and Shukron -have just announced... | 0:18:52 | 0:18:55 | |
-..that a collection of coins -has emerged. | 0:18:55 | 0:18:59 | |
-From searching an archaic -baptismal site for Jewish rituals... | 0:19:01 | 0:19:05 | |
-..they found -a total of 17 ancient coins. | 0:19:05 | 0:19:09 | |
-You can see the steps -that built on the bedrock. | 0:19:12 | 0:19:16 | |
-Those steps -are part of the ritual... | 0:19:16 | 0:19:19 | |
-..but the Western Wall build on it. | 0:19:19 | 0:19:22 | |
-The coins that we found, -we found them here in this area. | 0:19:22 | 0:19:26 | |
-Nobody had touched the coins... | 0:19:27 | 0:19:31 | |
-..in 2,000 years, since the -construction of the Western Wall. | 0:19:31 | 0:19:37 | |
-According to tradition... | 0:19:37 | 0:19:39 | |
-..Herod had built the wall -as the foundation for his temple. | 0:19:39 | 0:19:44 | |
-When Eli Shukron -realised what he'd found... | 0:19:47 | 0:19:50 | |
-..he headed straight to an esteemed -expert on Israeli ancient coins. | 0:19:50 | 0:19:55 | |
-Immediately, -it was obvious to him... | 0:19:59 | 0:20:02 | |
-..that there was -a visible date on the coins. | 0:20:02 | 0:20:05 | |
-That date -is 20 years after Herod's death. | 0:20:05 | 0:20:09 | |
-The coins -turned out to be very revealing. | 0:20:12 | 0:20:15 | |
-Instead of the coins dating... | 0:20:15 | 0:20:18 | |
-..as late as Herod, -they went beyond the dates of Herod. | 0:20:18 | 0:20:22 | |
-The coins date -as late as the early 20s CE. | 0:20:22 | 0:20:26 | |
-And then we can date that stone... | 0:20:27 | 0:20:30 | |
-..to 20 years after King Herod. | 0:20:31 | 0:20:33 | |
-The coins came from a site -beneath the wall erected by Herod. | 0:20:35 | 0:20:40 | |
-But they hadn't been minted -until after the king's death. | 0:20:40 | 0:20:45 | |
-So here's a coin -of year five of Tiberius. | 0:20:46 | 0:20:49 | |
-Minted in Jerusalem. | 0:20:50 | 0:20:52 | |
-This is the latest -well-dated coin we have... | 0:20:52 | 0:20:55 | |
-..from the fill that now -is getting all the excitement... | 0:20:55 | 0:20:59 | |
-..because it redates -at least one piece... | 0:20:59 | 0:21:04 | |
-..of the Herodian support wall... | 0:21:04 | 0:21:06 | |
-..to the time of Tiberius, -well after Herod's death. | 0:21:07 | 0:21:10 | |
-Before, we thought that all -the walls around the Temple Mount... | 0:21:11 | 0:21:15 | |
-..were built by King Herod... | 0:21:16 | 0:21:18 | |
-..and now we understand -that here in this area... | 0:21:18 | 0:21:22 | |
-..King Herod -didn't build the Western Wall. | 0:21:22 | 0:21:26 | |
-Ancient coins -leading to a new discovery. | 0:21:31 | 0:21:33 | |
-But if there's no basis -to the old tradition... | 0:21:34 | 0:21:37 | |
-..why do the Jews -worship here at all? | 0:21:37 | 0:21:40 | |
-A complex question, and perhaps too -complex to unsettle the faithful. | 0:21:40 | 0:21:45 | |
-The devout Jew is in no doubt. | 0:21:48 | 0:21:50 | |
-This is the site -of the ancient temple... | 0:21:51 | 0:21:54 | |
-..a site that is completely -integral to their heritage. | 0:21:54 | 0:21:58 | |
-But a Muslim sanctuary -stands here today. | 0:22:01 | 0:22:05 | |
-Few signs show that either side... | 0:22:06 | 0:22:09 | |
-..is willing to acknowledge -the rights of the other. | 0:22:09 | 0:22:12 | |
-In the next episode, we discover -how close to war the feud is moving. | 0:22:13 | 0:22:18 | |
-Dangerous times -for everyone on the planet. | 0:22:18 | 0:22:22 | |
-On the Temple Mount, the battle over -the Holy Land of Jerusalem rages on. | 0:22:22 | 0:22:28 | |
-S4C Subtitles by Adnod Cyf. | 0:22:57 | 0:22:59 | |
-. | 0:22:59 | 0:22:59 |