Episode 1 Snowdonia 1890


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Transcript


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PROGRAMME THEME

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'In spring 2010, two families volunteered to go back in time.

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'Their destination, 19th-century Snowdonia,

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'and a unique way of life.'

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Get them all together!

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It's getting a bit stressful now.

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If they come round asking for the rent, we're finished.

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-How do you move a cow?

-SHE LAUGHS

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'For one month, they faced a battle for survival

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'that combined both farm and quarry.'

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I told you yesterday and you've done exactly the same. That's a penny now, I've fined you.

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-'A Welsh life, long abandoned.'

-You will learn the ways of temperance!

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We do not speak Welsh in school.

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CHEERING

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Just treat them as you treat a man - firm!

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'Now experience how they coped with the tough realities of Snowdonia, 1890.'

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I'm frightened to eat, in case we haven't got anything left.

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Give me respect, you get it back.

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It is the hardest thing I have ever done in my life.

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'Snowdonia, in northwest Wales.

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'Two centuries ago, this area was home to a singular community

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'that lived a hand-to-mouth existence,

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'farming the land and working in the surrounding slate quarries.

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'Close-knit and Welsh-speaking, they lived on smallholdings

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'and cramped, basic cottages, high on the mountain slopes.

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'Now, modern families are coming to test themselves

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'to see if they can endure the same hardships.

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'Over 100 applied, but only 2 were chosen.

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'From Abergavenny in South Wales, the Braddocks.

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'This is Mark and Alisa's second marriage,

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'and their children are from previous relationships.'

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I don't think we're a conventional family, because everybody's so individual.

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I love them to bits, but it can be overpowering, so many strong characters in one room.

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Some days you come in and think, "What have I come into?" But it's good fun.

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'19-year-old Jamie, Mark's son, is at university.

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When I go out, I pretend I'm a professional footballer.

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You chat everyone up saying, "I play for Cardiff. I'm in the reserves. They just signed me."

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Feel free to edit that out!

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'Alisa's youngest two are 13-year-old Tommy

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'and nine-year-old Leah.'

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-Organised.

-Organised...erm, busy.

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And quite a smiley family.

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'Her eldest son, Jordan, 17, lives with his grandparents.'

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I'm looking forward to spend time with my family.

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I don't see Tommy and Leah a lot, I'd like to see them a lot more.

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'The Braddocks are always on the go,

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'With Mark working 12-hour shifts as a medical technician,

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'and Alisa busy running her own stage school.'

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I know it's quite daunting, but maybe we can have the drama in your face.

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My stepmum isn't used to doing housework

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-and cooking and stuff like that.

-I beg to differ.

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She likes to be like posh totty!

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I scrubbed that kitchen! Have you seen how white it is?

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She's always got to have her make-up done and her hair done.

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This experience is going to be hilarious!

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'This will be a big test for them,

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'not least because they'll all be living together for the first time.'

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ALL: We are the Braddocks!

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I would like my family to change from this experience.

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For us to all group together and do team activities day in day out,

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that would be a lot of fun.

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When we're all living on top of each other,

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it could get a bit strenuous at times.

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I honestly believe that nobody will crack or give up.

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I think it'll be a good experience for the whole family.

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'The Braddocks are non Welsh speakers

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'and they see this as possibly their biggest challenge.'

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Very strong-headed people, North Walians. Very, erm...

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If you don't speak Welsh, you're not Welsh, according to a lot of them up there.

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'The Braddocks' neighbours will be from Denbigh in North Wales.

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'The Welsh-speaking Joneses.

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'They're a professional working family.'

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Hello, David Jones speaking. How can I help?

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'David is a partner in a law firm

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'and Catrin works as a tribunals officer.

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'The children - Ben, 18, 11-year-old Ela and nine-year-old Jac,

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'all attend a Welsh language school.'

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I'd like to study law in university.

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My father is a solicitor and ever since I was younger, I've always wanted to do what he does.

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'They're a family who are used to a comfortable lifestyle.'

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Home life is very comfortable. We have a nice house, a big garden.

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We've got a high standard of living.

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I suppose, a bit spoilt, you know, as people are in this day and age.

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Maybe we've got too much and we don't really appreciate it.

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The prospect of surviving Snowdonia does scare me,

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but I'm ready for the challenge.

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I'm definitely the organiser of the family.

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I keep everybody on track.

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I suppose the kids and my husband would say I can nag quite a bit,

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which I would tend to agree with really, if I'm honest.

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I don't eat meat.

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I might find it a bit difficult with food,

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but there's vegetables and things.

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-And grass!

-Yeah, I can eat grass!

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And you can have some bacon baps or a sausage roll!

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'But whatever the challenges,

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'there's one reason why all this will be worth it for the Joneses.

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'David's grandfather was a slate quarryman,

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'who died in a tragic quarrying accident.

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'They want to journey back to their roots to engage with their past

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'and really see what life would have been like.'

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You can read about history,

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but you never would get the experience to actually live it.

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This will be the chance to live it, which will be unbelievable.

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'The scene is set and the challenge can begin.

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'Today, the Joneses and the Braddocks

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'begin their journey into the past.

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'For one month, this will be their home.

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'Neighbouring farm cottages, perched high in the Snowdonia uplands.

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'Cramped and basic, with no running water or mod cons.

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'Set in two acres of land,

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'these remote cottages stand 900 feet above sea level.

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'For the Braddocks, three rooms for six people

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'may prove a little too close for comfort.'

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The outside is lovely.

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Gosh, it's huge!

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It's bigger than what I thought.

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-It's lovely and warm.

-It's lovely. Gosh!

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Baking powder, plain flour.

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Really relieved. I thought I'd be sharing a bed with my dad,

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or even worse, one of the kids!

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So who's having them, then?

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I'm on the left, Tommy's in the middle and Leah's on the right.

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It's cool, innit?

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-Oh, that's nice!

-Look at this bed. What do you think?

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-That looks comfortable.

-It's lovely, isn't it?

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We can cuddle up on this. Is it a water bed?!

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I thought it would be like all...

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I thought the house would actually be grey, dark and scary.

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But it's actually better than I thought.

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'Jordan spies important news.'

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It says here, "Wanted immediately.

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"Eight good quarrymen who understand the splitting and dressing of slate.

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"Report to management agent Mr Smith

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"at Moel Tryfan quarry in Caernarfon in two days' time."

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You've got a job interview, then, lads.

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"None need apply who's character will not bear the strictest inquiry."

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Best behaviour, Mark!

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'The Joneses will be living a field away.

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'Their cottage is even smaller than the Braddocks', with only one bedroom.

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'So somebody will have to sleep in the kitchen.'

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-Oh, wow! It's quite warm.

-It's lovely and warm.

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It's lovely and cosy, isn't it?

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I reckon this will be the warmest bed

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because it's in the kitchen where the fire is.

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-Is that our bed, then?

-Yes, that's our bed. I reckon we bag that bed.

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Now, that's if things come flying over!

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Have you got one in your room?

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Yeah. Under the bed.

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I'll let you go first on that!

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Cool bedroom!

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And this is it, that's the whole tyddyn.

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-You can share with Jac.

-I'll sleep in the kitchen.

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-Can the two boys sleep together?

-I'm not going in the kitchen!

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My first impression is that it's lovely. It's lovely and cosy.

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Not a lot of room, obviously.

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The problem is, it's going to get dirty really easy,

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so these two, especially Jac, have got to be careful what they bring in and out.

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We have apples. I never knew there were apples.

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"Dear Mr and Mrs Jones.

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"We are pleased to confirm that places have been secured

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"for your daughter, Ela, and son, Jac, at Tan y Coed school for the sum of 1d per pupil."

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"Strict penalties will be in operation for unauthorised absence, lateness and..."

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This is the bad one. Jack, do you know what insolence means?

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Cheek will be punished.

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Right, OK? So if you're cheeky, we have to pay fines.

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-Strict penalties.

-OK. No-one should be cheeky.

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'The Joneses are settling in,

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'but there's a shock in store for vegetarian Ela.'

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I know you don't like rabbits.

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I know you don't like dead animals, Ela.

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ELA CRIES

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OK, OK. Look, we can hang them somewhere else.

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We can move them and hang them somewhere else, don't worry.

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'For an 1890s quarryman's family,

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'slaughtering animals was a necessity of life.

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'Ela will have to get used to this

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'if she's to survive in this environment.

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'Both families have been given subsistence funds and food for one month.

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'But there's a real danger that stocks could well run out.

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'How they get by in the long run

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'will depend on how well the women manage the household.

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'To help Catrin and Alisa in their tasks,

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'they've been given an 1890s household manual.'

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-"A bad wife is confusion, weakness..."

-Absolutely.

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Oh, my giddy aunt!

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"At 6.45am you've got to open the beds and air the rooms,

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"attend to the range, the children and prepare breakfast.

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"At 10.00am, special weekly work.

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"11.30am, cook midday meal. 12.00pm, special weekly work.

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"19.00, supervise children's bath. 20.00, retire."

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So where in there do I get my massage and my nails done?!

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They must have missed that bit out!

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I don't know where to start, basically.

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We're really relying on my mother. Big work for her.

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-We've all got to chip in.

-Yeah.

-Do what we can, innit?

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'As darkness descends and the paraffin lamps are lit,

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'the women get to work preparing supper.

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'A bit of a challenge for Alisa.'

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I do three meals. Frozen, takeaway and microwave!

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It's very rare I cook fresh food.

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-Her speciality...

-But I can make a stew.

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Alisa's speciality is called chicken-ding. You eat it when it dings!

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-Shut up!

-Pop it in the microwave, three minutes later, ding.

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I'm better on the phone to the local Chinese.

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Alisa is also a cookery black belt.

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One chop and you're dead!

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That's not funny.

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'Over at the Joneses,

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'David is finding the 1890s smallholder's simple diet

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'a bit too bland for his liking.'

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This is the bit when we don't tell Ela

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that we've had to put some bacon in there to get some actual flavour.

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She's not having any bacon.

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This may come out later at a certain date,

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but this was just to get some flavour.

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Otherwise, it was going to be the most horrible thing you've ever tasted.

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I know it's not a nice thing to do, but otherwise, she wouldn't...

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-You've been bad.

-Don't you say anything.

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She wouldn't enjoy it, cured bacon.

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-The other family have...

-Can you put that on your sandwiches?

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-No, you've got to cook it.

-It's nice.

-What do you think of the food?

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-What have you done with mine?

-What?

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Have you cooked it with the meat in it?

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-No. We moved a bit out.

-You haven't cooked it with meat?

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-No.

-We had it in another saucepan.

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'It seems the gamble has paid off.'

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It wasn't very nice, having to lie to her,

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but she didn't actually catch us in the act, which was quite good.

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If she finds out about it, she's not going to be happy, but there we go.

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'It's the end of their first day in Snowdonia 1890

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'and the families bed down for an early night.

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'Tomorrow will be the dawn of a brand-new set of challenges.

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'It's a bright start to the morning in Victorian Wales.'

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Somebody hasn't even got up yet,

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so I don't know how he's going to get his breakfast.

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'It's 8.30am and Jamie Braddock is still asleep.

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'Our modern day families have agreed to live as closely as they can

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'to the experience of 1890s smallholders.

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'So he should have woken at dawn.

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'Gareth Wyn Jones, a neighbouring farmer, makes a timely visit.'

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'In 1890, a large proportion of the community didn't speak English,

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'so the Braddocks, with hardly a word of Welsh between them,

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'would have struggled here.

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'Smallholders were a very close-knit group who relied heavily on each other.

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'For the next month, both the Braddocks and the Joneses

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'will have the support of neighbours like Gareth.

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'Each family have been given a dairy shorthorn cow to look after,

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'a common breed of the time,

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'which will have to be milked by hand morning and evening.'

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# Moo-moo, milk the cow

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# Moo-moo, milk the cow

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# Moo, milk the cow. #

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'The families will rely on their cow for milk

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'to make butter, cheese and bread.'

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It's hard. I'm aching now.

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My hands and wrists are hurting, especially my fingers.

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-We don't need to do this, do we?

-No, we can stay in bed.

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-We can stay in bed, yeah.

-Stay in bed.

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'It's 9.00am and Jamie Braddock is up at last.'

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Come on. You've had a lie in this morning. Let's go and get this cow.

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Does he know which end's which to put the rope round?

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Off you go. Go on. Off you go.

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Mark, we want some feed for this one in a bucket now. OK?

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'As Gareth gets the Braddocks to do some work,

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'the Joneses are left to their own devices.'

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It's happened again.

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We had half a bucket. We're not down to a quarter of a bucket.

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Don't milk her now, please. We need to clean her teats.

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They're dirty and that's no good.

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Well, go and clean them, then!

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Don't stand here, telling us to clean them!

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'The Joneses are already feeling the strain.

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'And things aren't going well for the Braddocks, either.

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Hold that cow!

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-What's happened?

-She stood on my foot.

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-That's nothing!

-What?

-That's nothing.

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You've got steel toe caps. What's the matter with you?

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Is she all right? She's a feisty one.

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I'd be quite happy to make her into beef burgers right now!

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I don't want milk. I'd rather have a burger.

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'Now it's Alisa's turn.'

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Gently. Very gentle. Just to get the milk to start.

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-Are you proud of your mum?

-Yeah.

-She's brilliant! Look!

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Is she better than the Joneses? Who's the best milkmaid?

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Erm... Our mum.

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We'll see how much butter you get by the end of the week.

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I thought it was more complicated than it is, but it's quite easy.

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It was quite therapeutic.

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'With the milking done,

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'both cows are taken back to the Joneses' shed.

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'There are plenty of little jobs still left to be done,

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'but Jamie is skiving again.'

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I can treat this experience like a health farm.

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A relax and recuperation thing.

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To me, this is relaxing, doing nothing, even though I'm bored.

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Oi! The cow's out. You didn't close the gate.

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Quick, she'll be in the veg patch!

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'The Braddocks' cow has escaped. Guess who left the gate open.'

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Look, this is not on. First day!

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She could have gone anywhere.

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This is a disaster. This is your first day and your cow is out.

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Take her back in that shed now. Sharpish!

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It's like Dumb And Dumber do farming, I tell you.

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'The livestock on the smallholding are authentic 1890 mountain breeds.

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'Native Welsh pigs, heritage breed chickens

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'and 12 heavily pregnant Welsh mountain sheep.'

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Get them all together!

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Go on, Jamie, standing there like a lamppost. Get going.

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Come on. Hands out of your pockets as well!

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'Sheep provided wool, meat and a little extra income,

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'so had to be well looked after.'

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Don't frighten them. They're heavily pregnant.

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'First job is to herd them up.'

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-Give them a chance to think.

-'Easier said than done.'

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Jac, please don't do that again. All you need to do is stand.

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Don't frighten them!

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Let them see the gap. Once they get around that corner, they'll be in.

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Steady, steady. Don't move. Don't even breathe.

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One at a time, boys.

0:22:440:22:46

Good work there, Dave. Well done.

0:22:460:22:49

Fantastic!

0:22:490:22:51

'Each family selects six ewes and marks them with black tar

0:22:520:22:57

'to deter foxes and other predators.'

0:22:570:23:01

It's not very nice. It smells very weird.

0:23:010:23:06

'At last the sheep are safely herded into separate fields,

0:23:060:23:11

'but the hard work's already taking its toll on David.'

0:23:110:23:16

I imagine this would have been something to do on the day off for the quarry worker.

0:23:160:23:21

If this is classed as a day off, it's a nightmare. It's hard work.

0:23:210:23:27

'It's been a busy day for both families

0:23:320:23:35

'but Alisa has managed to prepare a slap-up supper for her brood.'

0:23:350:23:40

Very nice, Mummy.

0:23:410:23:43

Do you like it?

0:23:430:23:45

'The Braddocks should be doing the evening's milking before they sit down to eat.'

0:23:450:23:51

You had better ask them to come and give me a hand.

0:23:510:23:54

'At the Joneses' they're trying to do things right,

0:23:540:23:58

'but Jac just wants his supper.'

0:23:580:24:01

-Can you get tea on?

-Shut up, Jac.

0:24:010:24:05

Don't be cheeky. I want water in there now.

0:24:050:24:08

-There's no tea until we do these chores, Jac.

-Tea doesn't make itself.

0:24:080:24:13

-I'm hungry.

-I don't care how hungry you are.

0:24:130:24:16

-They're having tea.

-Good for them.

0:24:160:24:18

-The meat is nice.

-I'm pleased it turned out well.

0:24:180:24:22

-That ham is nice.

-I could get used to this.

0:24:220:24:26

You want this muck out, all of it, Dave.

0:24:280:24:30

If you don't, you'll get problems with the cow.

0:24:300:24:34

You're going to get muck on their udders and then infections.

0:24:340:24:39

You don't want to lose this cow.

0:24:390:24:42

'It's a heavy workload

0:24:420:24:44

'and right now it seems to be the Joneses bearing the brunt of it.'

0:24:440:24:49

Jamie and Mark should be in here helping you.

0:24:500:24:53

You shouldn't be mucking out for both cows, Dave.

0:24:530:24:57

-Who's the fool, OK?

-Yeah.

0:24:580:25:01

You've got to put your foot down and get it sorted.

0:25:010:25:05

'The cow treads on Catrin's toe and it's the last straw.'

0:25:070:25:12

I'll go and get some water.

0:25:130:25:15

Jac, dos i mewn efo dy fam. Dos i mewn efo mam.

0:25:150:25:19

'Catrin decides to confront her new neighbours.'

0:25:210:25:25

We've got problems down in the cowshed there.

0:25:290:25:33

It's basically full of shit. Sorry, kids.

0:25:330:25:38

It needs cleaning all out.

0:25:380:25:40

Gareth said they can't sleep in there tonight.

0:25:400:25:44

Both cows are there. We're trying to milk ours.

0:25:440:25:47

-Where's ours?

-Ours is in our shed.

-Oh, right.

0:25:470:25:50

Erm, but if you can give us a hand. I don't think we can do it all.

0:25:500:25:57

We've had a right rollocking off Gareth

0:25:570:26:01

and the animals will be suffering if we carry on,

0:26:010:26:05

so we'll have to come up with a plan.

0:26:050:26:07

'As the sun sets on their first few days,

0:26:090:26:12

'both families still have a lot to learn

0:26:120:26:15

'if they are to get by and get on in Snowdonia 1890.'

0:26:150:26:21

The Braddocks, shameless that they haven't milked the cow.

0:26:220:26:26

You don't live like that up here. Animals come first.

0:26:260:26:30

If it's not sorted they're going to have problems they're not able to solve.

0:26:300:26:35

They're going to lose the cow, lose maybe their farm and the family will be homeless.

0:26:350:26:40

They've got to pull themselves together.

0:26:400:26:43

If they're not going to work as a team, they're finished.

0:26:430:26:46

Up here, anyway, on this mountain.

0:26:460:26:49

'Next morning and calm has descended.'

0:27:010:27:06

Nothing was going right last night

0:27:070:27:10

and I did get quite, well, very upset about it all,

0:27:100:27:15

but I think it was because I was tired as well.

0:27:150:27:18

After a good night's sleep, I've felt a lot better today

0:27:180:27:23

and things have gone a lot better for me.

0:27:230:27:26

I've tried to be on the ball,

0:27:260:27:28

I've been out milking - I've milked quite a bit this morning.

0:27:280:27:32

That's what I'm realising quickly, you know,

0:27:320:27:36

that you've got to get organised and get on with things

0:27:360:27:40

you might not fancy doing at all.

0:27:400:27:45

But they need to be done.

0:27:450:27:47

If they're not done, we're not going to survive here.

0:27:470:27:51

I didn't realise, we were all sat there with a three-course meal,

0:27:520:27:57

because I'd been doing very well with the cooking, I'm very pleased with myself,

0:27:570:28:02

but sat there with dessert and a main meal and even some sort of stew as well.

0:28:020:28:08

She hadn't even had her dinner on

0:28:080:28:11

and the Joneses came home and there was nothing to eat.

0:28:110:28:16

I felt I was wrapped up in my own little bubble.

0:28:160:28:21

I'm managing very well and I did feel a bit guilty.

0:28:210:28:27

-Oh, are you baking bread?

-Black!

-Black is good.

0:28:270:28:31

Technically, as long as it's not doughy in the middle, we'll be fine.

0:28:310:28:36

'At the Braddocks', the children are getting ready for their first day at school,

0:28:360:28:43

'and the men their first shift at the slate quarry.

0:28:430:28:46

'19-year-old Jamie is philosophical.'

0:28:460:28:49

I think I'll just treat it like anything else and wing it.

0:28:490:28:53

What's the worst that can happen?

0:28:530:28:55

'Smallholding life was an incredibly demanding existence.

0:28:580:29:02

'Families and in particular women laboured from first light till dusk.'

0:29:020:29:09

More organised this morning. We got the cow out quite easy and she milked a lot better.

0:29:180:29:23

Me and Ben have got... Where's the watch?

0:29:230:29:26

Ten minutes to get to work. We'll have some porridge before we go.

0:29:260:29:31

'Whilst the Jones family have got to grips with milking

0:29:310:29:34

'the Braddocks are having less success.'

0:29:340:29:37

The cow is like an on-going saga at the moment.

0:29:370:29:40

She milked OK last night after a bit of a fuss.

0:29:400:29:44

We got about a bucket from her but she's not allowing anybody near her this morning.

0:29:440:29:50

-It's half in, half out.

-What has it done?

0:29:500:29:53

'The family's cow has tried to escape from the barn.'

0:29:530:29:56

She's gone over the door.

0:29:560:29:58

How are you going to do that one? She won't go backwards.

0:29:580:30:02

She might be missing the other cow.

0:30:050:30:08

That's my hand you're chewing.

0:30:080:30:10

She's quite a stroppy cow,

0:30:100:30:13

so we call her Ruth because she's ruthless.

0:30:130:30:17

COW MOOING

0:30:170:30:19

'There's a further interruption to the morning routine in the form of an unexpected visitor.'

0:30:220:30:29

My name is Dafydd Hardy. I'm the agent on behalf of the landlord.

0:30:290:30:34

'In 1890 most smallholders didn't own their land,

0:30:340:30:38

'they were tenants and struggled to pay their rent.'

0:30:380:30:43

Let me go through the agreement.

0:30:430:30:45

The expectation is that you keep the property to good repair.

0:30:450:30:49

Any produce you grow, you keep, but anything you sell, I need to know about it.

0:30:490:30:55

You and I will come to an agreement as to what the landlord is willing to accept on it.

0:30:550:31:01

It's for 12 months and a rent of eight pounds, eight shillings and four pence.

0:31:010:31:07

That is payable on a quarterly basis or monthly if I demand it.

0:31:070:31:12

I will try and give notice, but if I can't, I'll just turn up.

0:31:120:31:16

I'll sign it on behalf of the landlord.

0:31:160:31:21

'Smallholding life was a hand-to-mouth existence.

0:31:220:31:26

'Both families have been given sufficient funds for one month

0:31:260:31:30

'but the agent could wipe this out by demanding a full quarter's rent

0:31:300:31:34

'of two pounds, two shillings and tuppence.'

0:31:340:31:37

I don't really know how we'll cover the rent at the moment.

0:31:370:31:41

I've got to start work. Even if we produce anything, they're going to take a cut.

0:31:410:31:46

We do the hard work and they get the money back. Typical.

0:31:460:31:51

I just hope they don't ask for the rent within the next week or so.

0:31:510:31:55

We haven't got enough money.

0:31:550:31:58

We've got about two pounds and something.

0:31:580:32:01

Two pounds, eight shillings and ten pence.

0:32:010:32:03

Ella, we might have to send you out to work. Jac, make sure you don't break anything.

0:32:030:32:09

'The men set off on their two-mile walk to Moel Tryfan slate quarry,

0:32:110:32:15

'where they'll be working for the next month.

0:32:150:32:19

'The 1890s was the golden age of the North Wales slate industry.

0:32:230:32:28

'At that time, this small region was the world's largest producer of fine quality slate.

0:32:280:32:35

I'm sure it's not going to be easy.

0:32:350:32:37

Nothing has been easy so far.

0:32:370:32:39

We could do with a sympathetic boss who understands that we're useless.

0:32:390:32:44

Especially at this time of day!

0:32:440:32:46

'There were two types of quarrymen.

0:32:470:32:50

'Rock men, who blasted slate from the rock face,

0:32:500:32:54

'and the men who split and dressed the slates.

0:32:540:32:58

'They worked together in gangs and were paid for each slate they produced.

0:32:580:33:03

'After a two-mile walk, the men arrive at their new place of work.

0:33:040:33:08

'Awaiting them is quarry steward Mr Humphreys.'

0:33:080:33:13

Good morning. We're very disappointed with you being late first day.

0:33:140:33:19

We've already deducted two pence out of your wages.

0:33:190:33:23

We had some trouble with a cow, but I do apologise.

0:33:230:33:27

-Obviously, we're late.

-And we got slightly lost on the trail.

0:33:270:33:31

Never again, OK? You start at 9am and finish at 5.30pm.

0:33:310:33:37

That's five-and-a-half days a week.

0:33:370:33:39

The rules are no alcohol at all, OK? No playing about, OK?

0:33:390:33:45

I want you working.

0:33:450:33:47

-This is Mick and Bobby, you'll be working with.

-Hello.

-Hello.

0:33:470:33:52

'Mick and Bob are time-served quarrymen and will lead and train the men,

0:33:530:33:58

'but it's a big ask to turn the new recruits into successful quarrymen in a matter of days.'

0:33:580:34:04

We'll need to work as a team.

0:34:040:34:07

We'll have to make them understand how essential it is

0:34:070:34:10

that we produce these slates by the end of the month.

0:34:100:34:14

It's going to be difficult, but I'm sure we'll get there.

0:34:140:34:17

Start splitting these down to a reasonable size.

0:34:170:34:22

'The men must negotiate a contract known as the bargain

0:34:230:34:26

'before they can work the area of rock the steward has lined up for them.'

0:34:260:34:32

There's good stuff in here. You've just got to find it.

0:34:320:34:35

Bob, you're always complaining. Get some decent stuff, will you?

0:34:350:34:40

'Put simply, the price payable per slate varies according to the quality of the rock.'

0:34:400:34:46

Well done. How is that, Mick? Good slate?

0:34:470:34:51

It's not bad.

0:34:510:34:53

'If it's difficult to work, they'll receive a higher price,

0:34:530:34:56

'while good quality rock from which it is easier to make slates will give them less.'

0:34:560:35:00

That's good slate here.

0:35:010:35:03

That's nothing.

0:35:050:35:07

-We'll look at this at the end of the week.

-You're complaining already.

0:35:070:35:10

Come on, let's get going.

0:35:100:35:12

It was in the interests of the 19th-century quarry steward

0:35:120:35:16

to oversell the quality of the raw slate

0:35:160:35:19

so he could minimise the final sum payable to each man.

0:35:190:35:23

-I'll give you 30 shillings. That's my final offer.

-32.

0:35:230:35:26

No, 30 and that's it.

0:35:260:35:28

-Say 30 and see how it goes first week.

-The quality of slate.

0:35:280:35:32

30 shillings to begin with. If you give me good slates,

0:35:320:35:36

-I'll increase it to 35, OK?

-OK.

0:35:360:35:39

Right, let's get going, come on.

0:35:390:35:42

To earn that sum each, the men will have to produce

0:35:420:35:45

3,000 top quality slates between them,

0:35:450:35:48

but they won't be paid until the end of the month.

0:35:480:35:52

At the smallholding, the children are leaving for their first day at school.

0:35:550:36:00

Look after your brother.

0:36:000:36:02

Bye, everyone, have a good day.

0:36:020:36:04

SCHOOL BELL RINGS

0:36:040:36:07

In 1890, school attendance

0:36:080:36:11

was compulsory for all 7 to 13-year-olds.

0:36:110:36:14

For the next month, Mr Williams, the school master,

0:36:140:36:17

will teach them their three Rs -

0:36:170:36:20

reading, writing and arithmetic -

0:36:200:36:22

at a cost of a penny per child per week.

0:36:220:36:25

I shall bid you good morning, children.

0:36:250:36:27

Good morning, sir.

0:36:270:36:30

Before we proceed, I want to make sure

0:36:300:36:33

that you remember all the rules.

0:36:330:36:36

You do not speak until you are spoken to.

0:36:360:36:39

We must behave ourselves at all times.

0:36:390:36:43

-Do you understand me?

-Yes, sir.

0:36:430:36:45

You do not yawn in class, boy.

0:36:450:36:49

Sit up straight.

0:36:490:36:51

Victorian school room discipline was strict.

0:36:510:36:54

Early to bed and early to rise

0:36:540:36:57

makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise.

0:36:570:37:03

Remember that.

0:37:030:37:04

One rule was particularly significant.

0:37:040:37:08

Now, then, your parents send you to school

0:37:080:37:11

and they hope that you will come out of school

0:37:110:37:15

being able to speak English fluently.

0:37:150:37:18

We do not speak Welsh in school.

0:37:180:37:23

Learning English was seen as a passport to a better way of life.

0:37:230:37:27

The Welsh Not was hung around the neck

0:37:270:37:29

of any pupil caught speaking Welsh,

0:37:290:37:31

passed from child to child. Whoever was left wearing it

0:37:310:37:35

at the end of the day would be punished.

0:37:350:37:37

Jac and Ela will have to mind their language.

0:37:370:37:40

Jac, Jac, Jac, Jac, pick up your blotting paper, please,

0:37:430:37:47

and wipe that off the floor. Suck it up, don't spread it out.

0:37:470:37:52

Put the blotting paper down and let it be sucked up into the paper.

0:37:520:37:56

If you must slouch about, that is what happens.

0:37:560:38:00

-Do not lean forward on your desk. Do you understand me?

-Yes, sir.

0:38:000:38:05

Ink is not cheap, boy.

0:38:050:38:09

Leah is unfazed by the Victorian school master.

0:38:090:38:13

He's fine as long as you're good

0:38:130:38:16

and he probably is a nice guy,

0:38:160:38:19

but then because of the school, he probably has to be mean.

0:38:190:38:24

Jac disagrees.

0:38:240:38:27

If someone else knocks an ink thing over

0:38:270:38:31

and he doesn't give them a punishment, I'm going to sue him.

0:38:310:38:36

At the smallholding, Catrin Jones and Alisa Braddock

0:38:400:38:43

are home alone.

0:38:430:38:45

Taking the children out this morning to school

0:38:450:38:48

was, um, it was quite, not heartbreaking

0:38:480:38:53

but I didn't really want to see them go in

0:38:530:38:55

and I was worried about what they're going to be doing today,

0:38:550:38:59

but when they went, it was like peace and quiet, it was just amazing.

0:38:590:39:04

Catrin, on the other hand, is feeling lonely.

0:39:040:39:08

I'm finding having the place to myself today a bit strange.

0:39:090:39:14

Um, it's very quiet here.

0:39:140:39:17

Um, I've had plenty to do, plenty of jobs to do,

0:39:170:39:22

but I'm not very good on my own.

0:39:220:39:26

I find I do like to be with other people.

0:39:260:39:30

Bread supplies are running low

0:39:300:39:34

in both households so the women have decided to make their own.

0:39:340:39:38

I don't know what I'm doing, but

0:39:380:39:42

I'll have to get on with it now.

0:39:420:39:44

The boys are going to kill me if it goes all horribly wrong.

0:39:440:39:49

The family are depending on it, really.

0:39:490:39:51

Try a bit more flour.

0:39:510:39:53

You know, I don't care what I make as long as I make something.

0:39:540:39:58

They'll have to eat it regardless of what it is like.

0:39:580:40:03

For Alisa Braddock, the role of stay-home mum

0:40:030:40:06

is a complete change,

0:40:060:40:08

but so far she's enjoying it.

0:40:080:40:10

It's days like this I've been waiting for,

0:40:120:40:14

the boys out in work, the children in school

0:40:140:40:18

so I can be

0:40:180:40:21

a proper housewife.

0:40:210:40:22

To do something like this,

0:40:220:40:25

very wifey, motherly, is lovely, really.

0:40:250:40:30

The domestic scene is interrupted

0:40:320:40:36

by Catrin's cow.

0:40:360:40:38

Oh, this is... She's given that a good whack, hasn't she?

0:40:390:40:43

Catrin's cow has got out again.

0:40:440:40:47

Mine is sort of innocently stood in the field, she hasn't moved.

0:40:470:40:51

Your friend's a really silly girl.

0:40:510:40:54

I don't know what they're doing. They're obviously communicating.

0:40:540:40:57

What's the matter with you?

0:40:570:41:00

In 1890, it was the women who tended the smallholding.

0:41:000:41:03

-Right.

-SHE LAUGHS

0:41:050:41:07

-You've to go that way.

-MOOS

0:41:070:41:09

Come on.

0:41:090:41:11

You like my grass. Is that what it is?

0:41:120:41:14

How do you lift a cow?

0:41:160:41:19

Shall I go and get Catrin?

0:41:190:41:22

Managing the family's dairy cow was their responsibility.

0:41:220:41:25

Move it.

0:41:250:41:27

See? Firm.

0:41:270:41:30

Just treat them as you treat a man - firm.

0:41:300:41:34

Come on!

0:41:340:41:36

Come on! Come on! Good girl, good girl.

0:41:360:41:38

Come on.

0:41:380:41:40

Catrin and Alisa have a lot to learn.

0:41:400:41:42

MOOS

0:41:430:41:45

Up at the quarry, the men are being guided into the 1890 world of work.

0:41:550:42:01

-You watch what Mick tells you now, OK?

-All right.

0:42:010:42:03

18-year-old Ben Jones is on a steep learning curve.

0:42:030:42:06

Start hammering it and twisting it at the same time.

0:42:060:42:09

It's just banging, banging, banging, banging.

0:42:130:42:15

Bit of a rubbish job, to be honest.

0:42:150:42:18

-Like that?

-Yeah, that's right.

0:42:190:42:21

Mark Braddock hasn't got the hang of it yet.

0:42:210:42:24

I've been picking bad blocks. You put a lot of hard work into it

0:42:240:42:28

and it just all crumbles away.

0:42:280:42:29

But it's hard work.

0:42:290:42:32

Keep on it.

0:42:320:42:34

That's good.

0:42:340:42:36

For solicitor David Jones, quarrying

0:42:360:42:39

-is a world away from his desk job.

-The weight of this

0:42:390:42:42

is heavy in itself, just to lift it that high

0:42:420:42:46

so fair play to them if they did this for eight hours.

0:42:460:42:50

I'd love to see their forearms and muscles.

0:42:500:42:52

They must have been beasts of men.

0:42:520:42:55

For the men, a hard day's work ends with a two-mile walk home.

0:42:560:43:01

The work was all right. I don't think I'm going to get on with the boss.

0:43:010:43:04

-No?

-No.

0:43:040:43:06

I just want to get straight to bed.

0:43:060:43:09

At the Joneses', Catrin and the children are waiting.

0:43:100:43:14

-Hello.

-Hello.

0:43:140:43:17

No, I'm knackered.

0:43:210:43:22

Mark Braddock breaks the bad news about the quarry pay to Alisa.

0:43:380:43:42

-It's been mad all day.

-Has it?

0:43:420:43:45

-It's all right?

-Yeah. And if we do really well, we get 35 shillings

0:43:450:43:50

a month.

0:43:500:43:51

So what if we haven't got any money?

0:43:510:43:53

-What will we do?

-I don't know. We haven't thought of that one yet.

0:43:530:43:57

-We'll have to...

-You can sell butter, Mum.

0:43:570:44:00

We might have to make some butter or something. Bread.

0:44:000:44:03

And sell it at market.

0:44:030:44:05

My bread's not for human consumption.

0:44:050:44:08

In 1890,

0:44:100:44:12

failure to pay the rent could lead to eviction

0:44:120:44:15

and the workhouse.

0:44:150:44:17

You've got Ela's cap on.

0:44:170:44:20

It's to keep my head warm.

0:44:200:44:23

LAUGHTER

0:44:230:44:25

You look like Little Red Riding Hood.

0:44:250:44:28

Money worries aside,

0:44:280:44:30

the families are settling into smallholding life.

0:44:300:44:34

I'm cold!

0:44:340:44:36

OK, good night, everyone.

0:44:360:44:39

7.30am next day and it's time for the men to leave for the quarry.

0:44:480:44:52

10, 9, 8... Do you have to go back in time? You've had 15 seconds.

0:44:540:44:58

Jac...

0:44:580:45:00

Have you checked your pockets?

0:45:050:45:07

-So long.

-What is he like?

0:45:070:45:10

That is Snowdonia. Jed.

0:45:130:45:16

Nice and early this morning. Glad to see that.

0:45:190:45:22

A few jobs for you.

0:45:220:45:23

The training with Mick and Bob moves to the next stage

0:45:230:45:28

where the men's skill will really be put to the test.

0:45:280:45:32

They're learning how to make slates, splitting slabs to the right thickness.

0:45:320:45:37

Split it in half, half again and half again

0:45:370:45:39

so we get eight slates.

0:45:390:45:42

Then trimming each slate to size.

0:45:470:45:49

Then you split that.

0:45:490:45:51

That's it.

0:45:510:45:53

The best one so far.

0:45:550:45:57

The youngest gang member, Jordan, has already taken to it.

0:45:570:46:01

I did enjoy that. It was good fun.

0:46:010:46:03

Most of the men are making good progress,

0:46:070:46:10

but Ben Jones shows a distinct lack of enthusiasm.

0:46:100:46:13

It's unbelievable how comfy slate is, you know.

0:46:130:46:17

In 1890, the quarry steward ruled the roost.

0:46:170:46:21

He had the power to impose fines and not just for poor timing.

0:46:210:46:25

Sitting down there on the job, I see.

0:46:250:46:28

I was watching through the window of the cabin there.

0:46:280:46:30

This is a working quarry. Less of this and more work.

0:46:300:46:34

Come on, let's get on with it. Come on.

0:46:340:46:36

A demanding day's work is a new experience for teenagers

0:46:360:46:39

Ben Jones and Jamie Braddock.

0:46:390:46:43

It's boring, repetitive

0:46:430:46:45

and it's, like, nothing's keeping me entertained at the minute.

0:46:450:46:50

Despite the warning, the boys carry on with their antics.

0:46:560:46:59

They haven't yet grasped the reality of what's at stake.

0:47:000:47:04

HE CRIES OUT IN VICTORY

0:47:060:47:08

Ben, Jamie, come here.

0:47:100:47:12

I don't find it a laughing matter lads.

0:47:120:47:14

THEY STIFLE LAUGHTER I'm going to fine you a ha'penny each.

0:47:140:47:17

I caught you chucking stones, like school children.

0:47:170:47:23

So that's a penny now I've fined you, OK?

0:47:230:47:25

It's going to come out of your wages and that's it.

0:47:250:47:28

'Both young lads, both Jamie and Ben,

0:47:280:47:30

'seem to have the attention span of a sprout.'

0:47:300:47:33

Both lads are eating us out of house and home,

0:47:330:47:36

they're always hungry.

0:47:360:47:37

But I don't think they realise, unless they make the slates

0:47:370:47:40

we're not going to have the money to buy the supplies we need.

0:47:400:47:44

So I think a short, sharp shock is needed

0:47:440:47:46

for the both of them, really, to realise how serious this is.

0:47:460:47:49

At the smallholding, Catrin Jones and Alisa Braddock are making butter

0:47:590:48:03

to earn a few extra shillings.

0:48:030:48:05

So how's it working out with you family as regards the chores?

0:48:060:48:11

Are these men helping you, or...?

0:48:110:48:13

All I get is, "No."

0:48:130:48:16

Oh! Do you want to have a go?

0:48:160:48:18

Right, do you want me to do that?

0:48:180:48:20

And we need to empty the ashes soon.

0:48:200:48:24

Oh, do you want me to that quickly now for you while I'm stood here?

0:48:240:48:27

God, it's so full. It was supposed to be done earlier this morning.

0:48:290:48:33

I must have forgot.

0:48:330:48:35

You have to make sure it's all clear. We can't have it stacked up.

0:48:370:48:41

That's one bucketful already, so just get rid of all of that.

0:48:410:48:46

You've got to get these men to cut you some logs as well.

0:48:470:48:51

-I know, I know.

-Ben's on the case.

0:48:510:48:53

That's the record at the minute, then, two bucketfuls.

0:48:570:49:01

The record!

0:49:020:49:04

I am trying to delegate.

0:49:050:49:07

I'm still not strong enough with all the testosterone.

0:49:070:49:11

I'm still battling all the testosterone.

0:49:110:49:14

She's just jealous cos I look good in this hat.

0:49:140:49:17

It's the children's second day at school

0:49:220:49:25

and they're still getting used to strict Victorian discipline.

0:49:250:49:29

I was at the back of the classroom.

0:49:370:49:40

And I think I heard you speaking Welsh.

0:49:400:49:42

We do not speak Welsh in school.

0:49:420:49:47

So...

0:49:470:49:50

..you must wear that to remind you.

0:49:570:50:00

SHE CRIES

0:50:120:50:14

Yeah, I just felt sorry for her, cos it's not her fault she talks Welsh fluently.

0:50:240:50:30

Tommy's sister, Leah, isn't so sympathetic.

0:50:300:50:33

I wouldn't probably cry that much.

0:50:330:50:36

So I think she overreacted a bit when she started crying and then stopped,

0:50:360:50:42

and then started crying again,

0:50:420:50:43

and then stopped and then started crying again.

0:50:430:50:46

It got a bit annoying as well, sometimes.

0:50:460:50:48

Now, then, before we depart for the day,

0:50:480:50:51

I'm afraid, of course, that this is still here.

0:50:510:50:57

Yes, sir.

0:50:570:50:58

And whoever has it last has to be punished.

0:50:580:51:02

Therefore, I want you to write, at home, 100 lines,

0:51:020:51:06

-"I must not speak Welsh in school."

-Yes, sir.

0:51:060:51:11

-Hopefully, that will be a lesson to you.

-Yes, sir.

0:51:110:51:15

Class dismissed, girls first.

0:51:150:51:17

In 1890, the punishment would have been the cane or the belt.

0:51:170:51:22

-OK, I'll see you later.

-Bye!

0:51:220:51:26

Bye! Jac, wait for me.

0:51:260:51:28

Did you enjoy it, Jac?

0:51:300:51:32

Ela got the Welsh Not.

0:51:320:51:34

Oh, no. Come and sit down with me. It doesn't matter.

0:51:340:51:37

What happened? Tell me.

0:51:370:51:40

Oh, it's OK. It's OK.

0:51:400:51:43

Don't worry, don't worry.

0:51:430:51:46

We speak Welsh, don't we, at home?

0:51:460:51:48

Just tell me. I'm not angry at all at you.

0:51:510:51:55

Oh, give me a hug.

0:51:550:51:58

It's really hard, cos me and Jac just automatically

0:51:580:52:01

go to Welsh if we want to talk to each other.

0:52:010:52:04

And it's been really hard, cos like in some of the books it says,

0:52:040:52:08

"Oh, Wales is like rubbish,

0:52:080:52:10

"Wales is like England, "England is superior to Wales."

0:52:100:52:14

And it's like the book's dissing its own country

0:52:140:52:18

cos it's like, "England is the capital of the world, England is the best."

0:52:180:52:24

It's like, "You live in Wales, Welsh is your language."

0:52:240:52:27

It's just... I don't get why they speak Welsh at home, we're allowed to,

0:52:270:52:31

but in school we're not.

0:52:310:52:33

She was, I think, a bit mortified

0:52:330:52:35

that she got in to trouble.

0:52:350:52:37

Now, if it was Jac that had come home,

0:52:370:52:39

it wouldn't have surprised me.

0:52:390:52:41

And I don't think it would really have bothered him.

0:52:410:52:44

At the quarry, the weather has taken a turn for the worse

0:52:490:52:52

and the men are holed up in what was know as the caban...

0:52:520:52:56

..a workplace club - it had a formal structure and hierarchy.

0:52:580:53:01

And the men need to choose a spokesperson.

0:53:010:53:05

Excuse me, boys. We want to elect the chairman for the caban.

0:53:050:53:10

-I would like to put Dave forward.

-I would like to second that decision.

0:53:100:53:14

Put your hands up, then.

0:53:140:53:15

Dave, you're the chairman.

0:53:160:53:18

Can I get people to pay fines?

0:53:180:53:20

-Yeah.

-Oh, good.

0:53:200:53:21

Actually, it would be a bit stupid to fine Ben, wouldn't it? It's our money!

0:53:210:53:26

Right, lads. It's a bit wet out there.

0:53:260:53:29

A bit too dangerous for you to carry on. I think we'll call it a day.

0:53:290:53:33

All right? See you here tomorrow, nine o'clock sharp.

0:53:330:53:37

-Is there no chance of us working?

-Not in this weather. It's too dangerous.

0:53:370:53:41

We've had a chat, we're prepared to work.

0:53:410:53:43

Well, I know you're prepared to work but I'm not prepared to let you work in this sort of weather

0:53:430:53:47

so I think you should go home, come back tomorrow, 9 o'clock sharp. OK?

0:53:470:53:52

The men set off for home, glad to be leaving work early.

0:53:560:53:59

But mindful of the cost to the family budget.

0:53:590:54:02

-Terrible!

-A day's production.

0:54:020:54:04

Do you realise now, tomorrow, we've got to work twice as hard now.

0:54:040:54:08

I'm dreading that!

0:54:080:54:10

By the time they reach the smallholding, they're drenched.

0:54:100:54:15

-Have a good supper.

-Yeah, we'll catch you later.

0:54:150:54:18

But there'll be no warming themselves by the hearth just yet.

0:54:180:54:21

There's 12 sheep in our front garden and one broken fence.

0:54:290:54:32

Oh, no, you're joking!

0:54:320:54:33

You can do that.

0:54:330:54:35

I just got home and I can't be bothered.

0:54:390:54:41

That's a fine example of a Welsh mental sheep.

0:54:410:54:45

You'd think the sheep would have enough fields to run round.

0:54:470:54:51

No, they want six fields rather than three.

0:54:510:54:54

I want barbed wire on the top of that fence now!

0:54:540:54:57

Finally, the men get a chance to dry out.

0:54:590:55:02

Oh, I'm quite tired.

0:55:040:55:06

But the working day isn't over.

0:55:060:55:09

Before the Jones family sit down to dinner,

0:55:090:55:12

there are animals to feed...

0:55:120:55:13

..and the cow to milk.

0:55:170:55:18

You, relax yourself. Whoa! Whoa, whoa, whoa, whoa.

0:55:180:55:21

First few days were hell on earth.

0:55:240:55:27

They were a nightmare.

0:55:270:55:30

It's hard work - so much to do.

0:55:300:55:32

Uh, milking the cow was hard work.

0:55:320:55:36

That was terrible.

0:55:360:55:37

Now we're doing fine.

0:55:370:55:39

Good routines going. Get up in the morning, milk the cow,

0:55:390:55:42

get the kids up, get all the chores done.

0:55:420:55:45

Feed all the animals, muck the cow out and it's all good.

0:55:450:55:49

But it is the hardest thing I have ever done in my life.

0:55:490:55:55

Don't move a muscle!

0:55:580:56:01

Good girl, good girl.

0:56:030:56:05

For the second night in a row, the Braddocks have settled down to supper leaving their cow unmilked.

0:56:070:56:13

-That was lovely.

-Was it nice, everyone?

0:56:130:56:15

-It was really nice.

-Yeah.

0:56:150:56:17

On arrival, the families were warned by neighbouring farmer Gareth Wyn Jones

0:56:170:56:22

to put their animals first.

0:56:220:56:24

He's called round to see if they've followed his advice.

0:56:240:56:27

Feeding on the floor.

0:56:280:56:30

A bucketful of feed gone to waste.

0:56:320:56:34

Poor Ruth.

0:56:340:56:35

Good girl.

0:56:350:56:37

I don't know what we're going to do with them.

0:56:370:56:40

Going to have to take her home, I think.

0:56:400:56:42

You've go to milk that cow!

0:56:450:56:46

If you want food on that table

0:56:460:56:49

and you want money in your pockets to pay the rent,

0:56:490:56:52

to keep this roof above your heads

0:56:520:56:54

and keep these kids at home,

0:56:540:56:55

you've got to get milking.

0:56:550:56:57

Come on, lad. let's go.

0:56:570:56:59

Oh, my gosh - look!

0:57:000:57:02

How much water? Oh!

0:57:030:57:05

Look! Oh, you've got to sort it out.

0:57:060:57:09

-For every three buckets, you'll get one bucket of milk.

-Right.

0:57:090:57:12

And if she's not getting clean water, she's not going to milk for you.

0:57:120:57:16

No butter, no cheese.

0:57:160:57:18

Mark, no water!

0:57:190:57:21

-She's desperate for water.

-OK.

0:57:210:57:24

Look, look at her.

0:57:240:57:26

So first thing after work, instead of going for tea,

0:57:260:57:29

get all these jobs finished first.

0:57:290:57:32

-And get all the lads to get a job each.

-Yeah.

0:57:320:57:35

-Chickens, cow, hay.

-Yeah.

0:57:350:57:38

It's less work for you.

0:57:380:57:39

You know, that's what my children do.

0:57:390:57:41

I would organise them and get them a rota.

0:57:410:57:45

So far, looking after livestock has proved too much for the Braddocks.

0:57:480:57:53

You know, we want to do it all right.

0:57:550:57:57

It's getting me quite upset, to be honest.

0:57:570:57:59

But she's got to be looked after

0:57:590:58:02

and I feel sorry for her because we're letting her down, really.

0:58:020:58:05

Aren't we?

0:58:050:58:08

But we'll sort it.

0:58:080:58:09

Next time in Snowdonia 1890...

0:58:090:58:13

-Ugh!

-With cash running low, it's sheep heads for supper.

0:58:130:58:16

I can't believe people eat it!

0:58:160:58:18

There's a showdown with the quarry owner...

0:58:180:58:21

They're trying to make fools out of us.

0:58:210:58:23

I don't think it's a joke.

0:58:230:58:25

This money is coming out of my pocket.

0:58:250:58:27

And the minister wades in.

0:58:270:58:29

You will learn the ways of temperance

0:58:290:58:31

otherwise you will not last long in this community!

0:58:310:58:34

Subtitles by Red Bee Media Ltd

0:58:430:58:46

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0:58:460:58:49

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