Pennod 12 ‹ Aled Jones: Fy Nhaith Glasurol

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-Welcome to my classical journey.	0:00:36	0:00:39
-Today we're departing Helsinki -for Yorkshire.	0:00:39	0:00:42
-The county in northern England...	0:00:42	0:00:45
-..is renowned for its peaks, -vales, beer, cheese, cricket...	0:00:45	0:00:49
-..and folk music, not forgetting -the good old Yorkshire pudding.	0:00:50	0:00:54
-The scenery -is among the best in England.	0:01:01	0:01:04
-The effects -of the Industrial Revolution...	0:01:05	0:01:08
-..are still visible today in cities -such as Leeds, Bradford and Hull...	0:01:08	0:01:13
-..which were commercial centres.	0:01:14	0:01:16
-These days, the tourist industry...	0:01:17	0:01:19
-..contributes greatly -to the local economy.	0:01:20	0:01:22
-It is rich in history -from the Celtic era onwards...	0:01:23	0:01:26
-..until the demise of the coal, -steel and weaving industries.	0:01:27	0:01:31
-Yorkshire has also contributed to -the arts, including classical music.	0:01:36	0:01:41
-Delius was born in Bradford -150 years ago.	0:01:42	0:01:44
-More about him later...	0:01:45	0:01:46
-..but first, we shall discover more -about a famous Yorkshire family.	0:01:47	0:01:51
-Haworth is -a stereotypical Yorkshire village...	0:01:51	0:01:55
-..made famous by its association -with the Bronte sisters.	0:01:55	0:02:00
-Their father, Patrick, -was a vicar here in 1820.	0:02:00	0:02:04
-It is a sad fact -that he outlived his children.	0:02:04	0:02:08
-It was here that Charlotte, -Anne and Emily Jane lived...	0:02:08	0:02:12
-..and wrote some of -the most famous English novels.	0:02:12	0:02:15
-Since they were daughters -of a vicar, they used pseudonyms.	0:02:16	0:02:20
-Views such as these inspired -Charlotte to write Jane Eyre...	0:02:22	0:02:26
-..and Emily, Wuthering Heights.	0:02:26	0:02:29
-As well as their novels, -they also penned poetry and plays...	0:02:30	0:02:34
-..and were gifted artists.	0:02:34	0:02:36
-This is where it all happened.	0:02:37	0:02:39
-The parsonage is where they lived -with their father, Patrick...	0:02:39	0:02:44
-..until his death in 1861, aged 84.	0:02:44	0:02:47
-It was here -that they wrote their novels.	0:02:47	0:02:50
-It has become a famous setting -in English literature.	0:02:50	0:02:53
-Attending church on a Sunday was -an important ritual for the Brontes.	0:02:54	0:02:58
-All that remains -of the building is the tower.	0:02:59	0:03:02
-The vicar -who succeeded Patrick Bronte...	0:03:03	0:03:06
-..insisted -that the church be rebuilt.	0:03:06	0:03:08
-It is a significant place -in the Brontes' history...	0:03:08	0:03:12
-..since Emily, Charlotte and Patrick -are buried in a family grave.	0:03:12	0:03:16
-The graveyard dates back to 1645.	0:03:17	0:03:20
-Two centuries later and more than -40% of Haworth's children...	0:03:21	0:03:25
-..died before their sixth birthday -due to squalid conditions.	0:03:25	0:03:30
-The graveyard may appear small...	0:03:33	0:03:35
-..but 40,000 people are buried here.	0:03:36	0:03:38
-One of Haworth's ancient buildings -is Old Hall...	0:03:45	0:03:49
-..which dates back -to Henry VIII's reign.	0:03:49	0:03:52
-It was known as -the Manor House to the Brontes...	0:03:52	0:03:55
-..who organized village events here.	0:03:56	0:03:58
-With plenty of coal -and fast-flowing water...	0:04:06	0:04:09
-..Yorkshire was prepared for -the Industrial Revolution.	0:04:10	0:04:14
-By the mid-19th century, -there were 38 mills in Bradford...	0:04:14	0:04:18
-..as well as 70 more -in the locality.	0:04:18	0:04:21
-Two thirds of Britain's wool -was manufactured in Bradford.	0:04:21	0:04:25
-It became -the world's textile capital.	0:04:26	0:04:28
-This is Cartwright Hall...	0:04:29	0:04:31
-..a purpose-built art gallery -built from industry profits.	0:04:31	0:04:35
-Samuel Lister, one of the city's -richest men, donated the paintings.	0:04:35	0:04:40
-He was also responsible...	0:04:40	0:04:42
-..for presenting Bradford -with its myriad parks.	0:04:43	0:04:46
-Lister owned the largest mill in -Bradford, which employed thousands.	0:04:54	0:04:59
-The industry was revolutionized...	0:04:59	0:05:02
-..by the Lister nip comb...	0:05:02	0:05:04
-..which separated and straightened -the wool into yarn for weaving.	0:05:04	0:05:09
-Prior to this invention, -it was dirty work done by hand.	0:05:09	0:05:13
-The gallery is named after -the Honourable Edmund Cartwright...	0:05:13	0:05:18
-..the inventor -of the first power loom in 1785.	0:05:18	0:05:21
-The invention replaced the need -for a large workforce.	0:05:22	0:05:25
-This, in turn, led to the workers -striking and rioting in some towns.	0:05:26	0:05:31
-The Industrial Revolution -was underway.	0:05:31	0:05:34
-This is the striking statue -in Bradford's Exchange Square...	0:05:43	0:05:47
-..built as a memorial to Delius.	0:05:47	0:05:49
-Behind the statue are buildings -which serve as a reminder...	0:05:50	0:05:54
-..of the city's -thriving industrial past.	0:05:54	0:05:57
-Remnants of the old industries -are housed in an impressive museum.	0:05:57	0:06:02
-Remarkably, all the machinery -is still in working order...	0:06:02	0:06:06
-..and is testament -to the grandeur of the past.	0:06:06	0:06:09
-Fittingly, the museum -is housed in Moorside Mills...	0:06:15	0:06:18
-..erected as -a worsted spinning mill in 1875.	0:06:19	0:06:24
-Inventive machinery -led to the Industrial Revolution.	0:06:29	0:06:33
-They succeeded in harnessing -hydro and steam power...	0:06:34	0:06:37
-..to produce much more -than had previously been produced.	0:06:38	0:06:42
-The machinery required -a specialist workforce.	0:06:42	0:06:45
-In the first half of the 18thC...	0:06:45	0:06:47
-..Bradford's population rose from -6,000 to more than 100,000.	0:06:48	0:06:52
-But its evolution -came with few benefits.	0:06:53	0:06:56
-Blake was right to call them -'dark Satanic Mills'...	0:06:56	0:06:59
-..since working conditions -were abominable.	0:07:00	0:07:03
-These classic cars -are the Jowetts...	0:07:04	0:07:06
-..reminding us that Britain once -led the way in the motor industry.	0:07:06	0:07:11
-The first Jowett was -manufactured in Bradford in 1901.	0:07:11	0:07:15
-The company -produced machinery engines...	0:07:15	0:07:18
-..before it manufactured -cars and vans.	0:07:19	0:07:22
-The company folded in 1955.	0:07:22	0:07:25
-The prosperous printing industry -also flourished in Bradford.	0:07:25	0:07:30
-It is here, -in the printing gallery...	0:07:31	0:07:34
-..that you'll find -19th-century printing machinery.	0:07:34	0:07:38
-It is still in working order.	0:07:38	0:07:41
-For me, this is the star attraction.	0:07:43	0:07:46
-It is a loom weaving -Bradford's famous worsted wool.	0:07:46	0:07:50
-It remains in situ -where it first functioned.	0:07:50	0:07:54
-It is a wonderful example -of living history.	0:07:54	0:07:57
-This is how a museum should be...	0:08:00	0:08:03
-..giving a true reflection -of how things worked in the past.	0:08:03	0:08:07
-Bolling Hall is another museum -tracing Bradford's social history.	0:08:09	0:08:14
-This is the baby grand on which -Delius practised as a child.	0:08:15	0:08:18
-It was one of the few items salvaged -from his old home in Claremont.	0:08:20	0:08:24
-Very little has survived -from Delius's time in Bradford.	0:08:25	0:08:29
-Bolling Hall -takes us back to the 14th century.	0:08:29	0:08:32
-It was the Royalists' headquarters -during the Civil War...	0:08:32	0:08:36
-..which is strange, since the rest -of Bradford supported Cromwell.	0:08:36	0:08:41
-Delius's family hailed from -the old city of Bielefeld...	0:08:41	0:08:45
-..between Dortmund -and Hanover in Germany.	0:08:45	0:08:48
-It was a family of merchants.	0:08:48	0:08:50
-In 1840, three of the brothers -moved to the north of England...	0:08:51	0:08:55
-..eager to make their fortune -in the woollen mills.	0:08:55	0:08:58
-The middle brother, Julius, -succeeded.	0:08:59	0:09:02
-He married and raised his family in -a large house in a wealthy suburb.	0:09:02	0:09:07
-It was in one of England's -industrial centres...	0:09:07	0:09:10
-..that the most creative...	0:09:11	0:09:13
-..and enigmatic -of European composers was born.	0:09:13	0:09:16
-Delius's music -offers much diversity.	0:09:17	0:09:20
-First-time listeners are surprised -by its originality and charm.	0:09:20	0:09:25
-He was well thought of -among his contemporaries...	0:09:25	0:09:28
-..such as Edward Elgar -and Edvard Grieg.	0:09:29	0:09:31
-Grieg became a lifelong friend, -as did Percy Grainger later on.	0:09:32	0:09:36
-It was the conductor, -Sir Thomas Beecham...	0:09:37	0:09:40
-..who wrote that Delius, Grieg -and Grainger were well acquainted...	0:09:40	0:09:45
-..by their admiration -for one another.	0:09:45	0:09:48
-Behind me -is the glorious Bradford Cathedral.	0:09:48	0:09:51
-But when Delius -was christened here...	0:09:51	0:09:54
-..it was merely a parish church, -the Church of St Peter.	0:09:54	0:09:59
-On 18 July, 1862...	0:10:14	0:10:16
-..Fritz Albert Theodore Delius -was christened here.	0:10:17	0:10:20
-He was the second son of Julius -Frederick William and Elise Pauline.	0:10:21	0:10:25
-Julius was a merchant, -by all accounts.	0:10:26	0:10:29
-He and Elise raised 14 children...	0:10:29	0:10:32
-..of which four were boys -and 10 were girls.	0:10:32	0:10:35
-The name, Delius, appears often -in the christening register.	0:10:35	0:10:40
-We are fortunate to be able -to peruse the church's logs.	0:10:40	0:10:44
-Delius's christening -is recorded here in 1862.	0:10:44	0:10:47
-Parts of the church -date back to the 15th century...	0:10:52	0:10:56
-..though Christians worshipped here -as early as the seventh century.	0:10:56	0:11:01
-This was Bradford's church -until the mid-18th century.	0:11:01	0:11:04
-But as its population soared, -its importance grew.	0:11:04	0:11:08
-Bradford evolved into a bishopric...	0:11:08	0:11:11
-..and the church became a cathedral -in 1919, and remains so to this day.	0:11:11	0:11:17
-Delius is not the only famous name -associated with the cathedral...	0:11:17	0:11:21
-..but one thing's for sure, -his will never be forgotten.	0:11:22	0:11:26
-.	0:11:28	0:11:29
-Subtitles	0:11:30	0:11:30
-Subtitles - -Subtitles	0:11:30	0:11:32
-Welcome back to Yorkshire.	0:11:37	0:11:39
-Today we remember -the music of composer, Delius.	0:11:40	0:11:43
-Behind me is where Delius was born.	0:11:43	0:11:46
-There is a small -commemorative plaque on the wall.	0:11:46	0:11:49
-I expected more since -he was such a remarkable composer.	0:11:50	0:11:53
-The pub next door makes more noise!	0:11:54	0:11:56
-The pub regularly provides -musical entertainment.	0:11:58	0:12:03
-You won't hear much of Delius's work -but as an experimental composer...	0:12:03	0:12:07
-..I'm sure he would have approved!	0:12:07	0:12:11
-The family lived here -for only a short time.	0:12:11	0:12:14
-When Delius was still a baby, -they moved a few doors away.	0:12:14	0:12:18
-That house -was demolished 50 years ago.	0:12:18	0:12:21
-Fritz, as he was called, -adored music.	0:12:21	0:12:24
-He was naturally gifted.	0:12:25	0:12:27
-Like other boys his age, he liked -cricket, horse riding and walking.	0:12:27	0:12:32
-Like many composers, he took walks -to engage with his surroundings...	0:12:32	0:12:37
-..as much as to keep fit.	0:12:38	0:12:40
-The young Fritz played cricket -in the park near his home.	0:12:42	0:12:46
-This is Horton Park.	0:12:47	0:12:49
-The rows of poplar trees -are a worthy memorial to him.	0:12:49	0:12:53
-Delius struggled for recognition -as a classical composer.	0:12:53	0:12:57
-It's little wonder -that back in the 1960s...	0:12:57	0:13:00
-..the city was reluctant to buy -the house in which he was born.	0:13:00	0:13:05
-At the outbreak of WWI, Fritz -changed his name to Frederick.	0:13:05	0:13:09
-The arrival of German -textile merchants in Bradford...	0:13:09	0:13:13
-..in the early 19thC -created an impact...	0:13:14	0:13:16
-..and contributed -to the city's social life.	0:13:17	0:13:20
-This is the impressive warehouse -erected for Delius & Co...	0:13:20	0:13:24
-..and is testament -to Julius's success.	0:13:25	0:13:27
-The company traded -in stuff and yarn.	0:13:28	0:13:32
-Caspian House -has remained a commercial building.	0:13:32	0:13:36
-They still refer to this part -of the city as Little Germany.	0:13:36	0:13:41
-Julius was a wealthy businessman -and supporter of the arts...	0:13:41	0:13:45
-..especially music.	0:13:46	0:13:48
-He helped to fund -Manchester's Halle Orchestra...	0:13:48	0:13:52
-..enabling them to perform -at St George's Hall.	0:13:52	0:13:55
-With a cultured background, Delius's -love of music is no surprise.	0:13:56	0:14:00
-The young Frederick learned to play -the violin and piano.	0:14:08	0:14:12
-He wanted a future in music -rather than the woollen industry.	0:14:12	0:14:16
-It was in this hall -with its incredible acoustics...	0:14:17	0:14:20
-..that he came to hear the music -of Beethoven, Schubert and Rossini.	0:14:20	0:14:25
-Choral works were popular.	0:14:25	0:14:27
-Handel's Messiah and Mendelssohn's -Elijah were obvious favourites.	0:14:27	0:14:32
-Despite his love of music and his -talent as a violinist and pianist...	0:14:38	0:14:43
-..he was expected -to join the family business.	0:14:43	0:14:46
-After leaving school, he was sent -to London for business training.	0:14:46	0:14:50
-Shortly afterwards, he joined -the family business as a merchant.	0:14:51	0:14:54
-His job involved travelling.	0:14:55	0:14:57
-It was during a trip -to Sweden and Norway...	0:14:57	0:15:00
-..that he fell in love with -the striking Scandinavian landscape.	0:15:00	0:15:05
-Although he was a successful -merchant for Delius & Co...	0:15:06	0:15:10
-..back in Bradford, -Frederick neglected his duties.	0:15:10	0:15:14
-He lost the company business, so -they decided to send him elsewhere.	0:15:14	0:15:20
-He ended up in Florida...	0:15:20	0:15:22
-..managing an orange plantation.	0:15:23	0:15:25
-It was a failure -in terms of business...	0:15:25	0:15:28
-..but the plantation's folk -tradition made an impact on him.	0:15:28	0:15:32
-His talents were nurtured -at the Leipzig Conservatory...	0:15:32	0:15:36
-..where he studied in 1886.	0:15:36	0:15:38
-It was there -that he met Edvard Grieg.	0:15:38	0:15:41
-Grieg struck up an instant rapport -with the composer from England.	0:15:42	0:15:47
-Grieg encouraged him -to follow his calling.	0:15:48	0:15:51
-He warned him not to mix -too many different influences.	0:15:51	0:15:55
-Until Edvard's death in 1907...	0:15:57	0:15:59
-..Delius spent almost every summer -on walking holidays in Norway...	0:15:59	0:16:04
-..with Grieg's family.	0:16:04	0:16:06
-Although he settled in France after -admitting he disliked Yorkshire...	0:16:08	0:16:13
-..the English countryside had a -profound influence on Delius' music.	0:16:13	0:16:19
-Works such as On Hearing -The First Cuckoo In Spring...	0:16:19	0:16:24
-..Over The Hills And Far Away...	0:16:24	0:16:27
-..and North Country Sketches -are rooted in Yorkshire.	0:16:27	0:16:31
-The first 20 years of the 20thC -were halcyon days...	0:16:31	0:16:35
-..in terms of -his composing and popularity.	0:16:35	0:16:38
-Brigg Fair was a firm favourite.	0:16:38	0:16:41
-Percy Grainger had first encountered -the folk song in Lincolnshire.	0:16:41	0:16:46
-He allowed Delius -to write its variations...	0:16:46	0:16:49
-..which he did very successfully.	0:16:49	0:16:52
-Grainger and Delius had similar -ideas in terms of composing.	0:16:53	0:16:57
-It was through Delius's -relationship with Thomas Beecham...	0:16:57	0:17:01
-..that he was introduced -to Grainger.	0:17:02	0:17:04
-The conductor brought much publicity -to Grainger's work.	0:17:04	0:17:08
-The last decade -of Delius's life was unhappy.	0:17:08	0:17:12
-He was unable to work -due to paralysis and blindness...	0:17:12	0:17:16
-..although he managed to complete -Grainger's unfinished work.	0:17:16	0:17:20
-In 1929, he was -the focus of a London festival...	0:17:21	0:17:24
-..in which six concerts -were staged in his honour.	0:17:24	0:17:28
-Delius passed away on 10 June 1934.	0:17:29	0:17:32
-A year later, he was buried -at Limpsfield parish church, Surrey.	0:17:32	0:17:37
-He was back on English soil which -had influenced so much of his music.	0:17:37	0:17:42
-Delius was certainly a romantic.	0:17:44	0:17:46
-He was also a luminary in terms of -his harmonies and arrangements.	0:17:47	0:17:51
-150 years after his death...	0:18:00	0:18:02
-..Delius's music has the ability -to surprise and enchant.	0:18:02	0:18:07
-When WWI was -ominously near to him in France...	0:18:17	0:18:20
-..Delius fled to -his favourite place, Norway...	0:18:20	0:18:24
-..while England's young composers -were called up.	0:18:24	0:18:27
-Ralph Vaughan Williams -was an ambulance driver.	0:18:27	0:18:31
-Gustav Holst -taught British soldiers music.	0:18:31	0:18:34
-The multi-talented -George Butterworth was killed.	0:18:34	0:18:38
-Born in 1885 in London...	0:18:38	0:18:41
-..George Butterworth -was rather old going to war.	0:18:41	0:18:44
-He volunteered to serve in the 13th -Battalion Durham Light Infantry.	0:18:44	0:18:49
-He was promoted to Lieutenant -and sent to France.	0:18:49	0:18:53
-Before the War, Butterworth was -one of many English composers...	0:18:53	0:18:57
-..who were interested in folk music.	0:18:58	0:19:00
-This mutual interest led him -to Ralph Vaughan Williams...	0:19:01	0:19:05
-..who became a close friend.	0:19:05	0:19:07
-They collected folk songs.	0:19:07	0:19:09
-Butterworth was one of the first -to record with a phonograph.	0:19:10	0:19:13
-After being educated at Eton, Oxford -and the Royal College of Music...	0:19:14	0:19:19
-..George Butterworth became -a music critic for The Times...	0:19:19	0:19:23
-..and a music teacher -at Radley College in Oxfordshire.	0:19:23	0:19:27
-His compositions were influenced -by the English countryside...	0:19:28	0:19:32
-..and its seasons, festivals, -customs and traditions.	0:19:33	0:19:36
-Butterworth's most famous work...	0:19:39	0:19:42
-..are his settings based on AE -Housman's poetry, A Shropshire Lad.	0:19:42	0:19:47
-The second in the series is -called Bredon Hill And Other Songs.	0:19:48	0:19:52
-# In summertime on Bredon	0:19:53	0:19:56
-# The bells, they sound so clear	0:19:56	0:20:00
-# Round both the shires -they ring them	0:20:00	0:20:03
-# In steeples far and near	0:20:04	0:20:07
-# A happy noise to hear	0:20:07	0:20:12
-# Here of a Sunday morning, -my love and I would lie	0:20:21	0:20:27
-# And see the coloured... #	0:20:27	0:20:29
-It's easy to see why the countryside -has inspired poets, authors...	0:20:30	0:20:34
-..artists and composers.	0:20:34	0:20:36
-# Without us in the sky	0:20:36	0:20:40
-# The bells would ring to call her #	0:20:46	0:20:50
-Until the War, it seems that George -Butterworth was an innocent soul.	0:20:50	0:20:55
-But on the frontline -of the Somme in June 1916...	0:20:55	0:20:58
-..he showed his strength as a leader -which nobody had realized before.	0:20:58	0:21:04
-In July, he received -the Military Cross...	0:21:05	0:21:08
-..for continuing to lead his men -despite injury.	0:21:08	0:21:12
-On 5 August, five weeks into -the Battle of the Somme...	0:21:12	0:21:15
-..Butterworth -was shot dead by a sniper.	0:21:16	0:21:19
-It's apt that we end the series -here in Westminster Abbey...	0:21:25	0:21:29
-..near the grave -of The Unknown Warrior.	0:21:29	0:21:32
-Butterworth's corpse -was never recovered...	0:21:32	0:21:36
-..from the fierce battle to capture -Munster Alley in the Somme in 1916.	0:21:36	0:21:41
-Along with thousands -of other soldiers...	0:21:42	0:21:45
-..who died for their country, -he is honoured here.	0:21:45	0:21:49
-His composition, -The Banks Of Green Willow...	0:21:49	0:21:52
-..became an anthem -for every unknown soldier.	0:21:52	0:21:56
-S4C Subtitles by Adnod Cyf.	0:22:25	0:22:28
-.	0:22:28	0:22:29

Pennod 12 Aled Jones: Fy Nhaith Glasurol

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Aled Jones: Fy Nhaith Glasurol

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