Pennod 2 Aled Jones: Fy Nhaith Glasurol

-Subtitles

-Subtitles

-

-Subtitles

-Subtitles

-Hello, and welcome to Vienna.

-I'm on a journey through

-the history of classical music...

-..visiting the places where many

-great composers lived and worked.

-This is the city

-of Mozart, Beethoven, Haydn...

-..Brahms, Mahler, Schubert

-and Johann Strauss I and II.

-Later in this programme...

-..we'll be heading for

-Durnstein, Melk, Linz and Salzburg.

-First, let's savour

-some of the glories of Vienna.

-The Vienna Boys Choir

-is world renowned.

-Over the centuries, they've worked

-with the greatest composers.

-Gluck, Mozart, Salieri,

-Schubert and Bruckner.

-Even I've sung with them!

-As we can hear,

-they're very talented boys.

-There's so much to see.

-You could stay for weeks in Vienna

-without seeing it all.

-It would take many days to follow

-the history of classical music.

-Let's see some of the highlights.

-The local name for this museum

-is the Danube Waltz House.

-It gives you an idea

-of the former resident's identity.

-Johann Strauss Jr was a more

-prolific composer than his father.

-Known as the king of the Viennese

-waltz, he composed more than that.

-The opera Die Fledermaus is a

-great example of this kind of music.

-Strauss lived here with his

-first wife, soloist Jetty Treffz...

-..from 1863 until her death,

-15 years later.

-The Blue Danube is

-the most famous waltz of all time.

-This classic was composed

-on this desk.

-As you can see,

-he stood up to compose.

-After sailing down the Danube,

-I can see a new meaning to it.

-Let's enjoy the Blue Danube,

-with the views that inspired it.

-Strauss composed numerous pieces

-of lively music.

-His music was influenced

-by the scenery of Vienna.

-Tales From the Vienna Woods

-is one such composition.

-This golden statue,

-in Stadtpark Vienna...

-..captures the gaiety

-of Strauss's music.

-During his lifetime, he wrote

-over 400 waltzes and polkas...

-..and 14 operettas.

-He managed the family orchestra too.

-He was also known

-for having a keen eye for the girls!

-This is the Ringstrasse,

-Vienna's circular road.

-It caused much controversy

-when it was built in the 1860s.

-It replaced the city's

-ancient walls and ditches.

-Emperor Franz Joseph refused

-to listen to the dissenting voices.

-This was his wish

-and his wish was granted.

-In truth, Vienna wouldn't have

-developed as a city without it.

-The first building on the new

-Ringstrasse was the opera house.

-It was completed in 1869...

-..badly damaged

-during the Second World War...

-..and rebuilt in 1955.

-Today, it's one of Europe's

-most exquisite opera houses.

-It wasn't welcomed at the beginning.

-Many people thought

-it was too small.

-For some time, the size of an opera

-house reflected a city's importance.

-The Italians, Germans,

-French and Austrians...

-..tried to gain the upper hand

-on each other.

-The auditorium, the stage,

-the props and the costumes...

-..were destroyed by fire

-at the end of World War II...

-..when Americans bombed Vienna.

-Enough of the building remained

-standing to allow it to be rebuilt.

-This opera house is linked to many

-great names from classical music...

-..including Gustav Mahler...

-..a director here

-for a decade from 1897.

-He was followed by Herbert

-von Karajan and Lorin Maazel.

-The size of this opera house

-takes your breath away.

-There are 2,000 seats

-and room for 500 to stand.

-Standing tickets...

-..only go on sale just before

-the start of performances.

-They're always in great demand.

-Members of the standing audience

-are most vocal.

-As a performer, you'll soon know

-if they love you or loathe you!

-Mozart travelled around Europe

-when he was a young boy...

-..enchanting audiences

-with his incredible talent.

-His father had already seen

-the commercial potential...

-..but he also thought

-that his son had a God-given talent.

-He returned to Vienna to become

-a composer, teacher and performer...

-..after an unhappy period working

-with the Archbishop of Salzburg.

-He met Constanze

-and they got married.

-Together, they had a child,

-Raimund Leopold.

-The young couple

-struggled financially.

-Mozart accepted any work but didn't

-always make the right decisions.

-Despite this,

-during his time in Vienna...

-..Mozart composed some

-of his great piano concertos...

-..the six string quartets

-dedicated to Haydn...

-..and Le Nozze di Figaro,

-The Marriage Of Figaro.

-There's no better way to get

-to know the famous composers...

-..than by visiting the places

-where they lived.

-Mozart once lived here,

-with his wife, Constanze.

-He composed

-some of his greatest works here.

-He made enough money at the time...

-..to afford to live

-on the first floor of this building.

-It hasn't changed much since

-Mozart composed his masterpieces.

-He composed The Marriage Of Figaro

-in this house.

-This place is teeming with history.

-Mozart, the giant many regard as

-the greatest composer of them all.

-Here he is, in all his glory.

-Mozart would be shocked to know

-that he's still so famous...

-..over 200 years after his death.

-He'd also be surprised at the

-many places that include his name...

-..such as the Mozart Cafe.

-The original coffee room here dates

-back to two years after his death.

-You can't visit Vienna without

-tasting its famous coffee and cake.

-It's hard to believe that the man

-who composed so much music...

-..died in Vienna

-without a penny to his name...

-..questioning his life's work.

-He was buried in a pauper's grave

-outside the city.

-It's a very popular attraction

-in Vienna.

-If we needed more evidence

-that Vienna is the city of music...

-..we only have to visit

-the city's central cemetery.

-This is where many composers

-were laid to rest.

-Strauss and Brahms are over there.

-Beethoven's behind me.

-And here, next door, Franz Schubert.

-.

-Subtitles

-Subtitles

-

-Subtitles

-Franz Schubert was one of the stars

-of Vienna's society.

-By the time he was 31, the good life

-had got the better of him...

-..and a huge talent was lost.

-Franz Schubert was born here,

-in January 1797.

-He was the 12th of 14 children.

-His home looks the same now

-as it did then.

-This special collection

-of his work...

-..the manuscripts, photographs

-and everyday items Schubert used...

-..and his characteristic spectacles,

-show us what he was like.

-He was popular, talented

-and believed in pleasure.

-He was the pop star of his day.

-# Ave

-# Maria #

-I feel privileged to be in the room

-where Schubert composed Ave Maria.

-It's a composition

-that means so much to me.

-Schubert died in this room.

-# Dominus tecum

-# Benedicta... #

-You can see some remarkable

-buildings in Vienna's main square.

-The centre point

-is St Stephen's Cathedral.

-The cathedral is a combination

-of different architectural styles.

-The towers are Romanesque

-on one side...

-..while the main tower is gothic.

-This tiled roof

-includes a two-headed eagle...

-..from the Habsburg dynasty.

-The roof was completely destroyed by

-fire during the Second World War...

-..before being rebuilt.

-Look at that roof. It contains

-over 250,000 colourful tiles.

-The gothic interior

-is just as splendid.

-Let's join the other tourists

-and take a closer look.

-Mozart married Constanze

-in this cathedral.

-Far too soon,

-it's where her funeral was held.

-This was also the venue

-for Johann Strauss's wedding.

-Many members of the Habsburg dynasty

-are buried in the cathedral...

-..but this is the main attraction,

-the stone pulpit.

-It's right in the centre to enable

-everyone to hear the priest.

-Beethoven realized

-he was profoundly deaf...

-..when he saw birds

-flying from the bell tower.

-He knew the bells were ringing

-but he could hear nothing.

-The Schonbrunn Palace was built

-for the Habsburg family...

-..the family that ruled Austria

-and its empire for 600 years.

-The palace was purposely built

-on the same scale as Versailles.

-Mozart held a concert here

-for the Royal Family.

-He asked one of the princesses

-to marry him.

-She became prominent later as Marie

-Antoinette. What happened to her?

-Mozart performed

-in the palace's mirror room...

-..and there are many

-similar rooms inside.

-There are around 1,400 rooms.

-You can visit the royal rooms

-to sample royal life as it was...

-..when the country and the treasury

-belonged to the Habsburgs.

-This is the orangery in Schonbrunn,

-the largest in the world.

-Today, concerts are held here...

-..which include Mozart

-and Johann Strauss's work.

-This is also where Mozart

-held conducting contests...

-..with Antonio Salieri.

-Our visit to Vienna is over.

-We've been impressed

-with what we've seen..

-..but it's time to sail away

-on our musical journey.

-We can see the old town

-of Durnstein from our boat.

-It nestles on the banks

-of the Danube in the Wachau valley.

-This is the first of the villages

-and towns we'll visit...

-..as we travel through Austria.

-As we see these pleasant views...

-..it's easy to see how so much music

-was inspired by them.

-This is the Wachau district and

-the Danube flows down its valley.

-One of the prominent landmarks

-is Melk Abbey.

-It's been here, in some shape

-or form, since the 11th century.

-This baroque abbey was constructed

-in the 18th century...

-..and is huge.

-From Melk, the view up to the abbey

-gives us a better understanding...

-..of the sheer size of the building.

-It's just as splendid on the inside.

-The frescos were designed

-by Johann Michael Rottmayr.

-He was the first renowned

-baroque artist in northern Europe.

-A remarkable characteristic

-of the abbey is the library.

-It's home to a vast collection

-of medieval manuscripts...

-..including music manuscripts.

-The Benedict abbey has stood here

-for over 900 years.

-It serves 23 parishes. 800 children

-attend the abbey's school.

-They commissioned

-the best craftsmen and artists.

-This work is considered one of

-the best examples of baroque design.

-The main altar is stunning...

-..made from Salzburg marble,

-wood and gold.

-Biblical characters

-and two patron saints can be seen...

-..Peter and Paul.

-In the abbey's gardens,

-another piece of artwork.

-They were designed

-in the 18th century...

-..as a peaceful place for the monks.

-Mozart visited the abbey twice...

-..both times during his travels

-across Europe as a child.

-Mozart's family visited Melk Abbey

-in September 1767 and December 1768.

-The first time, a young Wolfgang

-played the organ...

-..and received great acclaim.

-He had no fear of playing the organ

-at the tender age of 11.

-They still perform concerts

-using the same organ.

-On his first visit,

-Mozart met Maximilian Stadler...

-..who was born in Melk.

-He was a member of

-the abbey's Benedictine community.

-They became lifelong friends.

-When Mozart died, Stadler catalogued

-and filed his manuscripts.

-Archiving is in the blood

-if you're born in Melk!

-We move on to the next city,

-which has important musical links.

-Here, along the wide rivers,

-European civilization began.

-The Romans had fortifications

-along the Danube, Main and Rhine...

-..two rivers

-we'll be visiting later.

-People had settled here,

-in strategic places, before that.

-This is the story of life on water.

-A journey through centuries of

-commercial and cultural development.

-The lessons of life's history

-can be seen along these riverbanks.

-As small towns and large cities.

-Insignificant chapels,

-fine churches.

-Homes of the ordinary people

-and lavish palaces.

-A little further along the Danube,

-we reach Linz...

-..another place

-associated with Mozart.

-It's Austria's third largest city...

-..and the capital of the state

-of Upper Austria since 1490.

-Mozart held his first public concert

-here in 1762.

-He was only six years old.

-He was about to excel across Europe.

-When he returned 20 years later

-on his way to Vienna...

-..he was very famous.

-The city organized a concert

-to honour him.

-In response, Mozart wrote

-Symphony No.36 in four days.

-It was later renamed

-the Linz Symphony.

-There is no better example of music

-directly linked to its location.

-This is where the symphony

-was first performed.

-Today, it remains

-a busy centre for the arts.

-This is the house

-where Mozart stayed.

-He was probably up into the early

-hours writing the symphony.

-It was built in the 16th century.

-There's a bust of the composer

-at the entrance gate.

-Working here must have been

-a pleasure...

-..since Linz is a beautiful city.

-The centre of the old town

-is a reminder of how it was...

-..when Wolfgang and Constanze

-paid a visit.

-Linz has strong links

-with another notable composer.

-Anton Bruckner played the organ

-in the old cathedral.

-He was also a music teacher

-at the St Florian monastery nearby.

-Bruckner was well respected

-in this part of Austria.

-He was known as God's musician.

-His first major work was a mass.

-Bruckner was most at home...

-..playing the organ in Vienna's

-St Stephen's Cathedral...

-..and the Linz Cathedral.

-This is no longer the city's main

-cathedral but it's still popular.

-The concert hall, built 40 years

-ago, on the banks of the Danube...

-..looks very dramatic.

-It's called Brucknerhaus,

-in his memory.

-Bruckner was an unassuming man

-with simple tastes.

-His music

-has had a lasting effect on Linz.

-Every year,

-a festival is held in his honour.

-Here's Sydney's Symphony Orchestra,

-conducted by Simone Young...

-..performing Bruckner's

-Symphony No.7.

-Next time, our musical journey

-continues here in Salzburg...

-..Mozart's birthplace.

-We'll move on

-to Germany and Amsterdam.

-Join me then. Cheerio!

-S4C Subtitles by Adnod Cyf.

-.