Pennod 3 Aled Jones: Fy Nhaith Glasurol

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-Hello, and thank you

-for joining me...

-..on my journey

-to classical music's key locations.

-Today, I'm in Salzburg,

-one of the world's loveliest cities.

-It's a picture-postcard landscape.

-This is the Kapuzinerberg,

-one of Salzburg's three hills.

-A medieval fortress once stood

-where I'm now standing.

-It's easy to see

-why this location was so suitable.

-It was built in 1630

-on Central Europe's largest edifice.

-The local people were not pleased.

-They had to pay much more

-in taxes...

-..but it was value for money

-and it has stood the test of time.

-One of Salzburg's most famous sons

-is Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart.

-He was born here in 1756.

-You can't go far in this city

-without stumbling across him.

-Mozart is a favourite composer

-of mine, and I love his music.

-This glorious place inspired him

-and ignited his talent.

-As a three-year-old, Mozart

-experimented with piano harmonies.

-A year later,

-he was a master pianist.

-He learned pieces in half an hour.

-Salzburg started off well.

-Its Roman founders

-named it Iuvavum.

-It was the administrative centre

-for the province.

-The name means

-"seat of the Lord of Heaven".

-And it is indeed a heavenly place.

-A monastery was built here.

-In time, the dukedom

-became a spiritual place.

-By the 13th century,

-archbishops were important figures.

-They were called Princes

-of the Holy Roman Empire.

-Maybe this had something to do

-with the area's vast wealth.

-Salzburg had productive

-salt and silver mines.

-The literal translation

-of Salzburg is Town of the Salt.

-This wealth...

-..and the archbishops'

-appreciation of beauty...

-..resulted in today's collection of

-great churches, squares and palaces.

-Wolf Dietrich von Raitenau

-was a 16th-century bishop.

-He wanted to turn Salzburg

-into the Rome of the North.

-He began by building

-a cathedral to equal St Peter's.

-He also built the Mirabell Palace.

-He installed his mistress in it.

-Presumably you could do so...

-..if you were both

-a prince and a bishop.

-The lady in question

-was named Salome von Alt.

-She was doubtless very happy here.

-She and Wolf had 12 children.

-Mirabell Palace has been rebuilt

-more than once since Wolf's time.

-It sustained

-severe fire damage in 1818.

-It was even grander

-when it was rebuilt.

-It's the Civic Council Chamber

-nowadays.

-What a magnificent chamber it is.

-This splendid part

-is the Marble Hall.

-It wasn't destroyed by the fire.

-The young Mozart gave concerts here.

-It's a wedding hall nowadays.

-You'll find nowhere

-in the world more romantic.

-The Baroque-period Mirabell Gardens

-are as lovely as the palace.

-There are statues,

-fountains and rows of flowers.

-It's a public park nowadays...

-..where everyone can enjoy

-the archbishop's extravagance.

-Wolf died in 1617,

-but his heir also liked to build.

-We can thank him for

-Schloss Hellbrunn, a palatial home.

-The prince bishops designed Salzburg

-in the Renaissance and Baroque eras.

-This square is the centrepiece.

-It's the Residenzplatz,

-home of the Bishops.

-As you might expect,

-it's not any old home but a palace.

-Salzburg is the home

-of another musical legend.

-They filmed

-The Sound Of Music here.

-Mozart or the Von Trapps - which

-is the greater tourist attraction?

-This mode of transport

-offers a flavour of Salzburg's past.

-Do you remember this fountain

-in the film, The Sound Of Music?

-This is the way to see Salzburg.

-In this square, Maria sang

-the song, I Have Confidence In Me.

-She was on the way to the Von Trapp

-villa for the first time.

-The real Maria was a novice nun.

-In 1927, she married

-Captain Georg Ludwig von Trapp.

-He was a widower

-with seven children.

-He wasn't a supporter of another

-infamous Austrian - Adolf Hitler.

-This led to him and his family

-having to flee the country.

-Afterwards, the true story

-was changed for the film.

-An imaginary tale was created.

-It hasn't stopped it from being

-one of the most popular films ever.

-And it was all shot

-on location around Salzburg...

-..but not in the precise places

-linked to the von Trapp story.

-Maria and the children

-danced here in The Sound Of Music.

-And they sang Do-re-mi.

-This is called the Pegasus Fountain.

-This sculpture was relocated here

-from the castle's old horse well.

-These steps represented

-the doh-ray-me-fah-soh-lah-te-doh.

-In this pavilion,

-Liesl von Trapp sang...

-..I Am Sixteen Going On Seventeen.

-It now stands at Schloss Hellbrunn.

-The film set

-is in Leopoldskron gardens.

-The castle had been chosen

-as the von Trapp home.

-And this is Leopoldskron Castle.

-You only saw it

-from this angle in the film.

-Other outdoor scenes were shot in

-two separate mansions in Salzburg.

-Interior scenes were filmed

-in Hollywood, somewhat craftily.

-Salzburg was fortunate

-in the Second World War.

-The old town was spared.

-It avoided bomb damage

-suffered by other historic places.

-Being here is truly

-like stepping back into the past.

-The cathedral lost its tower

-500 years ago.

-The bridges crossing the river

-Salzach were also destroyed.

-But the city's charm remains.

-An outstandingly well-preserved

-Baroque city, a true gem of history.

-This is the old market square.

-It dates back to the 13th century.

-People have bought

-and sold goods here for centuries.

-Mozartkugeln

-is the name given to these.

-Paul Furst was the man behind them.

-They're Mozart chocolate balls.

-I told you that Mozart

-was everywhere, didn't I?

-These old streets haven't

-changed much since Mozart's days.

-This was one he knew well,

-Getreidegasse.

-It's one of the city's main streets.

-A distinctive feature is its signs.

-There are shops galore

-in this colourful street...

-..but this is not it's claim to fame

-in the history of classical music.

-Although it has many attractions,

-one has pride of place.

-This is it. Mozart's birthplace.

-What a privilege it is to be here.

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-On this classical journey...

-..I am visiting

-the birthplace of Mozart.

-He was born

-in this house in Salzburg.

-His music is everywhere.

-Leopold, Mozart's father,

-was a musician.

-Employed by the prince bishop,

-he was a very gifted violinist.

-Wolfgang was the youngest

-of seven children.

-Infant mortality was common.

-He was one of only two who survived.

-The other

-was his sister, Anna Maria.

-Known as Nannerl,

-she was musical too.

-Mozart was performing and composing

-at the age of five years.

-At the age of seven, he was touring.

-Hardly a natural childhood!

-This house

-has been a museum since 1880.

-The collection includes

-many portraits of Mozart.

-Musical instruments

-include his concert violin...

-..his clavichord and harpsichord,

-as well as manuscripts and letters.

-The instruments

-were left by Mozart's family.

-There can be no doubt

-to their authenticity.

-It's a wonderful feeling to be

-in the house where Mozart was born.

-Here he is, doing

-what he did best - composing.

-The family home on the third floor

-has seen adaptations made to it.

-Thousands of tourists

-flock here every day.

-But no classical journey would be

-complete without visiting here.

-The prestigious Salzburg Festival is

-held at our next venue every July.

-In this hall,

-named in honour of Mozart...

-..a music festival is held annually.

-It draws as many as 200,000 people.

-We couldn't have timed

-our visit to Salzburg any better.

-Every year at this time, the

-Mozart Hall Easter Festival is held.

-It began in 1967,

-conducted by Herbert von Karajan.

-The Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra

-visits annually.

-It's a festival with a difference.

-People can attend

-rehearsals and chat.

-They become immersed

-in Mozart's music.

-It's a great feeling

-to stand on this stage.

-I'm at the Haus fur Mozart

-or the Mozart Hall.

-Formerly a concert hall...

-..it hosts exclusively

-performances of Mozart operas.

-The acoustics and views are good.

-From any seat in the auditorium...

-..you should be able to see

-the actors and hear each pianissimo.

-Salzburg is such a wonderful city.

-These are the must-see sights.

-The best city view is found by

-ascending to Festung Hohensalzburg.

-Alternatively, you can walk

-up to the fortress in 20 minutes.

-Mozart dinner concerts

-are available daily.

-You can see the old town

-from a horse-drawn carriage.

-The lovely gothic cathedral

-is in the centre.

-Here, you may reflect in comfort

-on the city's history and beauty.

-Next, take a cruise

-along the river Salzach.

-Walk along the banks,

-cross Salzburg's many bridges...

-..and see the city and fortress in

-all their glory by day and by night.

-You can enjoy a performance

-at the famous marionette theatre.

-They even perform operas by Mozart

-here.

-Then there's

-The Sound Of Music tour.

-I'd suggest setting aside

-a whole day for it.

-Make sure you visit

-the famous Cafe Tomaselli.

-Mozart was a regular customer here.

-Cakes are in plentiful supply here.

-Of course, you must find time

-to go shopping for Mozart souvenirs.

-They're everywhere.

-You should also try and stroll

-through the old cemeteries.

-The Sound Of Music's

-final scenes were set here.

-Certain members

-of Mozart's family are buried here.

-Another excellent Mozart museum

-is at the Tanzmeisterhaus.

-The family moved to this

-Dancemaster's House in 1773.

-The former family home

-had become too small...

-..for all their musical instruments.

-The Salzburg Festival

-is an unmissable annual event.

-It's the highlight

-of the city's musical calendar.

-Without doubt, this is

-the king of Salzburg's castles.

-It's the Festung Hohensalzburg,

-built over 600 years.

-It was initially quite small,

-a 16th century fortress.

-Each successive archbishop

-extended it.

-Today's castle dates

-from the 17th century.

-Hohensalzburg is one of the best

-preserved of its kind in Europe.

-It's much more than a castle,

-and more of a hilltop town.

-It's one of the most popular

-tourist attractions.

-Much has been written

-about Mozart over the years.

-The film Amadeus rekindled

-interest in his story and his music.

-Aged 32, he left Salzburg

-and set off for Munich.

-He then settled in Vienna in 1788.

-He never returned.

-He lived a productive

-and colourful life in Vienna.

-This preceded his untimely death.

-Mozart's final years were not happy.

-Some problems were self-created.

-In spite of his great success,

-he was becoming poorer.

-He failed to secure commissions.

-His rock, Leopold, had died

-and his wife Constanze was ill.

-She needed costly treatment.

-His talent undiminished,

-his own health began to fail.

-On the 15th of December

-in the year 1791, he died.

-Ironically, he was working on his

-final commission, a Requiem Mass.

-Here is the great man

-overlooking a square in Salzburg.

-It was re-named Mozartplatz

-once this statue had been erected.

-On that day, in September 1842,

-Franz Xavier Mozart...

-..conducted music

-in honour of his father.

-Mozart was only 35 when he died.

-He left a mound of work behind.

-There was both quality and quantity.

-What might he have achieved

-had he lived to a greater age?

-As it is, Mozart's music

-has enriched our lives enormously.

-I never tire of these views.

-We're now on the opposite side

-from where we started our tour.

-There are more sturdy walls.

-It's a feature of this city.

-Its valued location

-had to be defended.

-The city also has its history

-as a spiritual dukedom.

-This lay behind its fine palaces

-and equally remarkable churches.

-And then finally, came Mozart.

-For me, this is the importance

-of Salzburg on this journey.

-Mozart is Salzburg's

-great gift to classical music.

-I, like many others,

-will be forever grateful.

-Let's now take one last look

-at the beautiful city of Salzburg...

-..and enjoy the amazing talent

-of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart.

-I'm now heading back

-to the river Danube.

-Our pleasure boat awaits us.

-We're also leaving Austria.

-We're heading for

-medieval Passau in Germany.

-With the help of the crew,

-we'll sail on westwards.

-The Main and the Rhine beckon.

-Eventually,

-we'll reach the North Sea.

-We're sailing through Passau.

-Napoleon was not easily impressed.

-And yet he said, "Never

-have I seen such a beautiful town".

-I hope you can join me as we

-continue my classical music journey.

-We shall visit a part of Germany

-which has inspired many composers.

-But for now, cheerio!

-S4C Subtitles by Adnod Cyf.