Pennod 8 ‹ Aled Jones: Fy Nhaith Glasurol

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-Subtitles	0:00:29	0:00:31
-Welcome to Vienna.	0:00:33	0:00:34
-I will be tracing -the history of classical music...	0:00:35	0:00:38
-..visiting the places where the -great composers lived and worked.	0:00:38	0:00:42
-The multi-talented Gustav Mahler -is the focus of this episode.	0:00:44	0:00:48
-He was greatly inspired -by the world around him.	0:00:49	0:00:52
-Vienna is integral -to the history of classical music.	0:00:56	0:01:00
-It was home to Mozart, Beethoven, -Haydn, Schubert...	0:01:00	0:01:03
-..the two Strausses and Brahms.	0:01:04	0:01:06
-This was undoubtedly the capital -of European classical music.	0:01:06	0:01:10
-Brahms's influence -was prevalent in Vienna...	0:01:21	0:01:24
-..when Gustav Mahler -arrived here in 1875, aged 15...	0:01:24	0:01:28
-..to attend -the prestigious Conservatory.	0:01:29	0:01:32
-Vienna is one of the Danube's cities -and possesses a rich history.	0:01:38	0:01:42
-The river brought prosperity...	0:01:43	0:01:45
-..and made it -an important commercial centre.	0:01:45	0:01:49
-The Hapsburgs ruled -at the end of the 13th century.	0:01:51	0:01:54
-Vienna became -an important religious city.	0:01:54	0:01:58
-Stephanplatz, St Stephen's Square, -is the heart and soul of Vienna.	0:01:59	0:02:04
-The majestic cathedral -is the focal point of the city...	0:02:06	0:02:10
-..bridging centuries of history.	0:02:10	0:02:12
-Haydn belonged to the cathedral's -boys' choir in the mid-18thC...	0:02:18	0:02:23
-..and was also a member -of the Vienna Boys Choir.	0:02:23	0:02:27
-In his lifetime, -he wrote 104 remarkable symphonies.	0:02:27	0:02:32
-In summer, a series of concerts -are held in the cathedral...	0:02:32	0:02:36
-..staging the work -of Haydn, Mozart, Brahms and Mahler.	0:02:37	0:02:41
-It's a wonderful place -in which to hear their symphonies.	0:02:41	0:02:45
-Gustav Mahler was a Jew -born in the Czech Republic.	0:02:47	0:02:51
-He excelled at a young age.	0:02:51	0:02:53
-He was a gifted pianist -when he was 10 years old.	0:02:53	0:02:56
-He had left his mark -on the Conservatory.	0:02:57	0:03:00
-His natural ability -to compose music came to the fore.	0:03:00	0:03:03
-Mahler's turbulent childhood...	0:03:04	0:03:06
-..greatly affected him -and his music.	0:03:06	0:03:09
-Infant mortality was commonplace and -his family had been very unlucky.	0:03:09	0:03:14
-Death is a recurring theme -in his work...	0:03:14	0:03:17
-..and is often contrasted -with the beauty of life and love.	0:03:18	0:03:22
-He was a very serious character -and a perfectionist...	0:03:25	0:03:29
-..which led to bouts -of deep depression.	0:03:29	0:03:33
-With his unquestionable talent -as a pianist and composer...	0:03:37	0:03:41
-..Mahler was wise enough to realize -he could make a living from it.	0:03:42	0:03:46
-On leaving the Conservatory, -he became a conductor.	0:03:48	0:03:51
-By the time -he'd joined the Vienna Opera...	0:03:56	0:03:59
-..he was regarded as one of -the world's best conductors...	0:03:59	0:04:03
-..for his meticulous detail -and inspired interpretation.	0:04:03	0:04:07
-Tchaikovsky claimed that -Mahler the conductor was a genius.	0:04:07	0:04:11
-He was happy for him to conduct...	0:04:11	0:04:14
-..the premiere of his opera, -Eugene Onegin.	0:04:14	0:04:17
-Mahler came to the Vienna Opera -at the height of his career...	0:04:18	0:04:21
-..as a conductor and composer.	0:04:22	0:04:24
-It was an important role...	0:04:24	0:04:26
-..yet he would never -have been appointed...	0:04:26	0:04:29
-..had he not -converted to Catholicism.	0:04:29	0:04:33
-Mahler's skills as a conductor were -more in demand than his composing.	0:04:34	0:04:38
-He was the principal conductor here -for 10 years from 1897 onwards...	0:04:39	0:04:43
-..sparking a decade referred to as -the golden era of classical music.	0:04:43	0:04:49
-Vienna's famous opera house...	0:04:49	0:04:51
-..was the first of its buildings -to be completed...	0:04:52	0:04:56
-..in the second half of the 19thC.	0:04:56	0:04:58
-It is a notable platform -for European opera.	0:04:58	0:05:01
-Mahler created an instant impact -at the beginning of his career...	0:05:02	0:05:06
-..with very ambitious -performances...	0:05:06	0:05:09
-..of Wagner's Lohengrin followed by -Mozart's The Magic Flute.	0:05:09	0:05:13
-He was the talk of the town.	0:05:14	0:05:15
-Mahler wasn't happy -with being just the conductor.	0:05:17	0:05:21
-He wanted to control every aspect -of the operatic production.	0:05:21	0:05:25
-He was intent on changing things -for the sake of change.	0:05:25	0:05:29
-He soon became artistic director.	0:05:29	0:05:32
-One of the changes Mahler instigated -was the dimming of the lights.	0:05:32	0:05:36
-Audiences were opposed -in the beginning...	0:05:36	0:05:40
-..but ever since then, it has -become commonplace everywhere.	0:05:40	0:05:44
-He was as stern with his audiences -as he was with the orchestra.	0:05:48	0:05:52
-He detested applause and refused -entry for those who were late.	0:05:53	0:05:56
-Once the doors were closed, -that was it.	0:05:57	0:06:00
-In December 1903, -the stage workers went on strike...	0:06:01	0:06:05
-..for the way -they were being treated...	0:06:05	0:06:08
-..though Mahler -couldn't understand why!	0:06:08	0:06:11
-Although his I'm-the-boss attitude -made him unpopular...	0:06:21	0:06:26
-..there is no denying -his artistic and creative success.	0:06:26	0:06:30
-The Vienna Opera -was the best it had ever been.	0:06:30	0:06:33
-The city's musical reputation...	0:06:33	0:06:36
-..was as good as it was -in Beethoven's day.	0:06:36	0:06:39
-Great emphasis is placed on Mahler's -affiliation with the Opera.	0:06:39	0:06:44
-Many leading conductors -have performed here since then.	0:06:44	0:06:48
-Arturo Toscanini, -Herbert von Karajan...	0:06:48	0:06:51
-..George Schulte and -Sir Simon Rattle, to name but a few.	0:06:51	0:06:55
-The Musikverein, Vienna's concert -hall, is a place of some repute.	0:06:58	0:07:03
-It is the home of -the Vienna Philharmonic...	0:07:03	0:07:06
-..one of the world's -largest orchestras.	0:07:06	0:07:09
-This place would have been -very familiar to Mahler...	0:07:12	0:07:16
-..since he was the conductor -of the Vienna Philharmonic...	0:07:16	0:07:20
-..at the turn of the 20th century.	0:07:21	0:07:23
-Interestingly, this orchestra -has never had a principal conductor.	0:07:23	0:07:28
-But what of Mahler's music?	0:07:41	0:07:43
-He had very little time to compose -between conducting...	0:07:43	0:07:47
-..and running -the Vienna Philharmonic.	0:07:47	0:07:50
-He would take extended holidays -in the Austrian mountains.	0:07:50	0:07:54
-He would lose himself -in the breathtaking views...	0:07:59	0:08:03
-..and compose enthralling music.	0:08:03	0:08:05
-Each of his nine symphonies, -apart from one...	0:08:10	0:08:13
-..along with his 10th, -which was unfinished...	0:08:13	0:08:17
-..were composed -during his long holidays.	0:08:17	0:08:20
-He required perfect peace -to compose...	0:08:20	0:08:24
-..so he built a cabin -in which to do just that.	0:08:24	0:08:27
-This was the first to be built in -1893 on the banks of the Attersee...	0:08:27	0:08:32
-..20km east of Salzburg.	0:08:32	0:08:34
-The striking views, shaded by the -grand Hollengebierge mountains...	0:08:42	0:08:46
-..were enough to awaken the muse.	0:08:47	0:08:49
-This would have been the -perfect place in which to escape.	0:08:49	0:08:53
-He would have stayed in this house.	0:08:59	0:09:01
-The composing studio -can still be seen today.	0:09:01	0:09:04
-During the four summers -he spent here...	0:09:06	0:09:08
-..he completed his Second Symphony -and wrote his Third.	0:09:09	0:09:13
-The cabin is small and cosy.	0:09:14	0:09:16
-You can imagine how beneficial -the tranquillity would have been.	0:09:17	0:09:21
-His immediate surroundings are -the basis for his Second Symphony.	0:09:22	0:09:26
-Mahler explores man's place -in the magnificent creation.	0:09:27	0:09:33
-The symphony is entitled, What -The Flowers On The Meadow Tell Me.	0:09:33	0:09:38
-This is a description of the place -at the beginning of summer.	0:09:38	0:09:42
-This is an excerpt -from the second movement of No.3.	0:09:51	0:09:55
-A fitting accompaniment to the -beautiful surroundings in Steinbach.	0:09:55	0:10:00
-.	0:10:17	0:10:18
-Subtitles	0:10:19	0:10:19
-Subtitles - -Subtitles	0:10:19	0:10:21
-Mahler came to Vienna -for the first time as a single man.	0:10:29	0:10:33
-He instantly became famous -for his work in the opera house.	0:10:33	0:10:38
-When in Vienna, -he always stayed at Hotel Bristol...	0:10:38	0:10:41
-..in Room 275 274 every time.	0:10:42	0:10:45
-These days -it's called the Mahler Suite.	0:10:45	0:10:48
-It befits a man of his standing, -although it has changed somewhat.	0:10:54	0:10:59
-The Bristol -has a strong musical connection.	0:11:03	0:11:06
-Among those who have stayed here...	0:11:07	0:11:09
-..are George Gershwin, -Pietro Mascagni, Enrico Caruso...	0:11:09	0:11:15
-..Nellie Melba, Sergei Rachmaninoff, -Arturo Toscanini...	0:11:15	0:11:19
-..and Anton Rubinstein.	0:11:19	0:11:21
-Each of the hotel's rooms...	0:11:22	0:11:24
-..has been named after -Vienna Opera's prominent conductors.	0:11:24	0:11:28
-Mahler was also pleased the Bristol -was so close to the opera house.	0:11:29	0:11:34
-It is situated next door...	0:11:38	0:11:40
-..so he would have seen the comings -and goings from his window.	0:11:40	0:11:44
-He was also a health fanatic...	0:12:00	0:12:02
-..and a committed vegetarian -like the revered Richard Wagner.	0:12:02	0:12:06
-When he stayed at the Bristol, -he insisted on the same routine.	0:12:11	0:12:15
-He would always order muesli -and a green apple for breakfast.	0:12:16	0:12:20
-He would eat his breakfast whilst -looking out at the opera house.	0:12:34	0:12:38
-He also stayed at the Imperial, -which was a former palace.	0:12:43	0:12:47
-In Mahler's day...	0:12:53	0:12:55
-..conductors -were treated like stars.	0:12:55	0:12:58
-Hotels like the Vienna Imperial -went to great lengths...	0:12:58	0:13:02
-..to ensure they had privacy.	0:13:02	0:13:04
-Behind me is a secret entrance...	0:13:04	0:13:07
-..allowing him to enter the -Musikverein without being spotted.	0:13:07	0:13:11
-It's still used today -by performers and conductors...	0:13:12	0:13:16
-..so if you'd just excuse me!	0:13:16	0:13:19
-It's remarkable that Mahler spent -three years at the opera house...	0:13:28	0:13:32
-..since his twin appointments -were notoriously challenging.	0:13:32	0:13:36
-The posts of conductor and director -are still as important today.	0:13:37	0:13:41
-As he became more successful -in Vienna...	0:13:44	0:13:47
-..he could afford -a much better summer retreat.	0:13:47	0:13:51
-He headed to -the warmer climes of the south.	0:13:52	0:13:55
-But his favourite place to compose -was here at Lake Worthersee...	0:13:55	0:14:00
-..famous for its refreshing water.	0:14:00	0:14:03
-Instead of staying -in taverns and farmhouses...	0:14:03	0:14:06
-..he decided to build -his own home in Maiernigg...	0:14:07	0:14:10
-..at the southern end of the lake.	0:14:10	0:14:13
-The villa's location capitalized -on the lake's magnificent views.	0:14:13	0:14:17
-It was 1901 -and he would have been well aware...	0:14:20	0:14:24
-..of the income he would -have received as a conductor.	0:14:24	0:14:28
-A lowly composer would never -have afforded a villa such as this.	0:14:28	0:14:33
-His composing cabin was considerably -larger than his previous one.	0:14:34	0:14:39
-It was big enough -for him to live in.	0:14:39	0:14:41
-This is where he stayed -until the villa was finished.	0:14:41	0:14:45
-It's situated in the woods...	0:14:46	0:14:48
-..far enough away from the villa -for privacy.	0:14:49	0:14:52
-He erected a fence and -a secured gate to keep people away.	0:14:56	0:15:00
-It is only accessible by foot -or four-wheel drive.	0:15:00	0:15:05
-The Forest House, as it's called...	0:15:07	0:15:09
-..shared many -of the villa's features.	0:15:09	0:15:12
-It's hard to believe that so much -memorable music was composed here.	0:15:28	0:15:33
-This is -the Sydney Symphonic Orchestra...	0:15:33	0:15:36
-..conducted by Vladimir Ashkenazy, -performing Mahler's Sixth.	0:15:36	0:15:40
-Although known as The Tragic...	0:15:40	0:15:42
-..it was composed during -a happy time in the composer's life.	0:15:43	0:15:47
-Apart from birdsong, -it is completely silent here...	0:16:07	0:16:11
-..as Mahler had intended it to be.	0:16:11	0:16:13
-But he disliked hearing -the birds sing.	0:16:13	0:16:16
-He planted scarecrows -to scare them away.	0:16:16	0:16:19
-He would fire a blank cartridge -from his rifle...	0:16:19	0:16:23
-..to frighten the birds away.	0:16:23	0:16:25
-These days, the birds -are chirruping happily all around.	0:16:26	0:16:30
-Farmers had to remove cattle bells.	0:16:35	0:16:38
-He was determined -not to be disturbed.	0:16:38	0:16:41
-Only the maid was allowed -to bring him his food in secret.	0:16:41	0:16:45
-The Forest House -provided the inspiration to compose.	0:16:55	0:16:59
-It was here -that he wrote five symphonies...	0:16:59	0:17:02
-..as well as the Ruckert-Lieder -and the Kindertotenlieder.	0:17:02	0:17:06
-Apart from enjoying the views...	0:17:17	0:17:19
-..Mahler would -swim in the lake every morning...	0:17:20	0:17:23
-..before indulging -in further physical exercise.	0:17:23	0:17:27
-The body and the mind -were then ready to leave the villa.	0:17:34	0:17:38
-He would cross the road...	0:17:38	0:17:40
-..and walk along a bridle-path -he had created in the tranquillity.	0:17:43	0:17:47
-When he reached his studio, he would -compose for the rest of the day.	0:17:52	0:17:56
-It was around this time -that something else happened to him.	0:18:05	0:18:09
-In 1901, he met -the beautiful Alma Maria Schindler.	0:18:10	0:18:13
-Within three months -they were married.	0:18:13	0:18:16
-She was 20 years his junior -and a promising composer.	0:18:16	0:18:20
-Mahler -was completely devoted to Alma...	0:18:23	0:18:26
-..and expected -the same devotion from her.	0:18:26	0:18:29
-Life wasn't always easy, -but the following five years...	0:18:29	0:18:33
-..saw them -at their most prolific and creative.	0:18:33	0:18:37
-They had two daughters -who inspired wonderful music...	0:18:40	0:18:44
-..but it wasn't to last.	0:18:44	0:18:46
-In 1907, their daughter, Maria, -died after contracting measles.	0:18:46	0:18:51
-In the same year, his relationship -with the Vienna Opera broke down.	0:18:52	0:18:56
-He was persecuted for being a Jew...	0:18:57	0:18:59
-..and shunned for spending -too much time on his own music.	0:18:59	0:19:03
-Hostility from the press -led him to end his career in Vienna.	0:19:03	0:19:08
-At the end of 1907, -he set sail for America...	0:19:09	0:19:13
-..to become the director -of New York's Metropolitan Opera.	0:19:13	0:19:17
-Vienna and Mahler -are inextricably linked.	0:19:22	0:19:25
-This is where he became famous as -one of the world's best conductors.	0:19:25	0:19:29
-It opened doors for him in New York.	0:19:30	0:19:32
-He was a star in this city -and he is still revered and loved.	0:19:34	0:19:38
-After a performance, Mahler -liked to relax with a cup of coffee.	0:19:47	0:19:51
-He often came to the Cafe Imperial -in his conductor's suit...	0:19:52	0:19:56
-..with the long tails and black tie.	0:19:56	0:19:58
-On several occasions, -other customers shouted, "Waiter"...	0:19:59	0:20:03
-..and ordered a coffee, -which understandably angered him.	0:20:03	0:20:07
-Before he left for New York, -he was dealt another blow.	0:20:28	0:20:32
-His heart was defective...	0:20:32	0:20:34
-..re-igniting -his preoccupation with death.	0:20:34	0:20:38
-This is evident -in his most recent work...	0:20:38	0:20:41
-..namely the Ninth Symphony -and the unfinished 10th Symphony.	0:20:41	0:20:45
-It is most prevalent in Das Lied -von der Erde, The Song of the Earth.	0:20:46	0:20:50
-It is full of hopelessness -juxtaposed with beauty.	0:20:50	0:20:54
-It is this composition -which encapsulates Mahler's genius.	0:20:54	0:20:58
-He continued to overwork -in New York...	0:21:02	0:21:05
-..and made enemies of both -orchestra and audience members.	0:21:05	0:21:09
-His health deteriorated and he was -devastated by the revelation...	0:21:10	0:21:14
-..that Alma was having -a relationship with another man.	0:21:15	0:21:18
-Mahler couldn't come to terms -with Alma's affair.	0:21:21	0:21:24
-Although the marriage was over, -she stayed with him until the end...	0:21:25	0:21:29
-..which came six months later.	0:21:30	0:21:32
-In 1911, Gustav Mahler -returned from America a broken man.	0:21:33	0:21:38
-He was full of despair -that he was dying...	0:21:38	0:21:41
-..and the world -was carrying on without him.	0:21:41	0:21:45
-He passed away -in Sanatorium Low, Vienna, aged 50.	0:21:45	0:21:49
-Mahler's music echoed events in -his life and the world around him.	0:22:02	0:22:06
-His musical masterpieces -emanated from this.	0:22:07	0:22:10
-He was regarded as a gifted -conductor during his lifetime...	0:22:19	0:22:23
-..but it was his -exceptional talent as a composer...	0:22:23	0:22:27
-..that made him -one of the musical greats.	0:22:27	0:22:30
-Mahler's compositions -have come from the heart...	0:22:30	0:22:34
-..having been inspired by beauty -and propelled by fear and sadness.	0:22:34	0:22:39
-Join me again for our next programme -as I journey to Australia...	0:22:43	0:22:48
-..to visit -Sydney's iconic opera house.	0:22:48	0:22:51
-S4C Subtitles by Adnod Cyf.	0:23:23	0:23:25
-.	0:23:25	0:23:26

Pennod 8 Aled Jones: Fy Nhaith Glasurol

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