Pennod 9 Aled Jones: Fy Nhaith Glasurol


Pennod 9

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-Every New Year's Eve, the eyes

-of the world focus on one city.

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-It is one of the first to see in the

-New Year with a fireworks display.

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-More than a billion people

-around the world...

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-..watch this breathtaking event.

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-An extraordinary spectacle

-in a fitting environment...

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-..with the striking harbour...

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-..and the world's most famous

-opera house providing the backdrop.

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-I have already travelled

-across the continent of Europe...

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-..and been enchanted

-by magnificent views.

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-This time I've travelled

-to the other side of the world.

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-Hello, I'm Aled Jones. My classical

-journey has brought me to Australia.

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-We've travelled through the heart

-of European classical music...

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-..and now we've arrived

-in the New World.

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-Perhaps Australia is famed for

-its sport more than anything else...

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-..but the arts are also adored.

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-There is a love of classical music,

-opera and ballet here.

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-Many renowned classical musicians

-have come from Australia.

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-It's a popular destination

-for touring performers.

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-I've toured here twice.

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-Sydney is the setting

-for the world-famous landmark...

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-..that celebrates classical music.

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-We saw two opera houses

-on our European tour...

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-..but this challenging piece

-of architecture is breathtaking.

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-It certainly has an impact.

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-Sydney's iconic opera house

-is a sight to behold.

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-It's almost 40 years...

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-..since the inauguration

-of the opera house.

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-But the design is timeless.

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-It still looks new, exciting

-and completely original.

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-I can't think of another building...

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-..that is as eye-catching as this

-from every direction.

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-From the sky,

-the sails look even more striking.

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-It differs a great deal from

-traditional European opera houses.

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-It's even more dramatic up close.

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-But it's not all show -

-it's also a very busy place.

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-Operas, plays, concerts and events

-are all staged here.

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-It attracts more than

-eight million tourists each year.

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-Here are some of

-Sydney's highlights.

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-Sydney is

-the largest capital in Australia...

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-..and is still expanding

-due to immigration.

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-It is how

-Australia evolved, of course.

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-It's easy to understand the appeal.

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-The harbour

-is the focal point of the city.

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-It extends for 20km.

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-It is part of everyday life

-for the residents of Sydney.

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-Many of the city's workers

-begin their day with a ferry ride.

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-One of the harbour's

-best vantage points...

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-..is Lady Macquarie's Chair.

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-It was carved from rock for Governor

-Macquarie's wife, Elizabeth...

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-..who enjoyed sitting here to survey

-the glorious views of the harbour.

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-As well as the exquisite views

-of the opera house and bridge...

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-..you can also see Kirribilli House

-and Pinchgut Island...

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-..which was once a prison

-known for its paltry food supply.

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-This is a prime venue in the history

-of Australian classical music.

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-The Sydney Conservatorium of Music.

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-Many famous musicians

-have studied here...

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-..including Roger Woodward,

-Richard Bonynge, Richard Tognetti...

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-..Simone Young, James Morrison

-and Geoffrey Parsons.

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-Paul Terracini, the composer

-of this series' signature tune...

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-..was once a student here.

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-The familiar name for Sydney's

-college of music was The Con.

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-It was opened in 1916

-and situated in a prime location...

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-..opposite the botanic gardens

-and the opera house.

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-The main Gothic structure

-was a former stables...

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-..referred to

-as the Palace for Horses.

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-It was designed by convict architect

-Francis Greenway in 1815.

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-He was exiled for forgery...

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-..and became Governor Macquarie's

-principal architect.

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-The Con's aim was to provide

-musical tuition of a standard...

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-..equal to that

-of Europe's leading colleges.

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-It was also the home

-of Australia's first orchestra...

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-..the Sydney Symphony Orchestra.

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-A specialist high school

-was added in 1918...

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-..before an opera school

-in the mid-1930s.

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-By the 1940s,

-its reputation was so prestigious...

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-..that many of Europe's leading

-musicians took up posts there.

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-Among them was composer

-and conductor, Sir Eugene Goossens.

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-He was lauded for turning The Con

-into a world-class institution.

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-In 1990 it was renamed the

-Sydney Conservatorium of Music...

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-..and amalgamated

-with the University of Sydney.

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-10 years later the institution

-was renovated and extended.

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-It now houses

-a new and impressive concert hall.

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-This is the City Recital Hall,

-Angel Place...

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-..which has become

-part of Sydney's history.

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-This world-class venue is the first

-purpose-built concert hall...

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-..since the opera house

-opened in 1973.

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-It is home to the Australia

-Chamber Orchestra, founded in 1975.

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-It became world renowned

-for its energetic performances...

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-..and unique style.

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-Richard Tognetti

-became artistic director in 1989...

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-..and since then, he has

-pioneered its distinctive style.

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-Here they are

-performing the work of Elgar.

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-This is Introduction and Allegro

-for Strings and Orchestra, Opus 47.

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-The orchestra sets out

-to appeal to a diverse audience...

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-..but more importantly, it aims

-to assist budding young musicians.

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-APPLAUSE

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-In 2007, the Sydney Opera House was

-made a UNESCO World Heritage Site...

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-..and dubbed one of the indisputable

-masterpieces of humankind.

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-It succinctly sums up

-this remarkable place.

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-It was Eugene Goossens' idea...

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-..to situate the opera house

-at Bennelong Point.

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-As the director

-of the nearby Conservatorium...

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-..it was his vision to make

-Macquarie Street a musical hub.

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-The idea came to him in 1947,

-and during the ensuing years...

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-..he tirelessly lobbied

-the New South Wales Government...

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-..before finally convincing

-the state's president...

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-..that this was the perfect place

-for the iconic structure.

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-It is a very busy place nowadays...

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-..but when a competition

-was launched in 1955...

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-..to design a new opera house, this

-was an architect's golden ticket.

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-They received more than 200 entries

-from 30 countries.

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-A shortlist of 30 was drafted...

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-..although the winning architect

-didn't feature.

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-One of the judges, a Finnish

-architect called Eero Saarinen...

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-..demanded

-they re-evaluate the entries.

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-It was the ambitious design of Dane,

-Jorn Utzon, which excelled.

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-Here we are, inside

-Jorn Utzon's glorious building.

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-The way in which the structure

-was completed is an opera in itself!

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-Although Jorn Utzon

-was a successful architect...

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-..he was unknown

-outside of Denmark...

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-..when he won the competition.

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-He submitted sketches which is

-the reason he wasn't shortlisted.

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-The Finnish judge

-realized his potential...

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-..and convinced the other judges

-that his was the best design.

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-The prize money

-was the princely sum of 5,000.

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-The ambitious concept

-had to be realized...

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-..but he had no idea

-how to go about it.

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-Nobody had ever created Utzon's

-adventurous sails design before.

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-It was only after erecting the main

-structure that a solution was found.

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-His inspiration came from the rocks

-on the outskirts of Sydney Harbour.

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-His concept was to shield

-the design's practical features...

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-..within what Utzon called a podium.

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-It was his vision that audiences

-sat in an elevated position...

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-..to view the performances.

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-Although the design

-was complicated...

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-..the engineers triumphed.

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-They developed revolutionary

-techniques to do what was required.

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-With the spaces already carved out,

-they began adding to the shell...

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-..whilst being suspended by cables.

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-They then attached the various parts

-to the main structure.

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-The air conditioning system

-is inventive...

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-..using sea water

-to lower the temperature.

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-It was a challenge for

-Australia to find the resources...

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-..but the ceramic tiles

-that cover the sails...

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-..are the only items

-to be imported.

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-After the break,

-we will take a tour of the inside.

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-Join me then.

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-.

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-Subtitles

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-Subtitles

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-I'm in Australia...

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-..visiting the iconic

-Sydney Opera House.

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-With such an intricate

-and complicated design...

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-..it's no wonder it took longer

-than expected to complete.

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-Jorn Utzon,

-the design's creator, resigned...

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-..as a result of cost cutting.

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-His dream

-had turned into a nightmare.

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-In April 1966, he left Australia

-and never returned.

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-This is when the interior

-was redesigned to enhance acoustics.

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-They built

-a separate concert hall...

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-..which was different

-from the original concept...

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-..which was for

-a multi-functional hall.

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-The construction took 30 years

-to complete, but it was a triumph.

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-The architect, Utzon, was invited...

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-..to redesign the interior...

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-..although

-he was too fragile to return.

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-His son went in his place.

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-He never saw

-the completed building...

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-..but he was pleased that so much of

-the opera house had been a success.

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-He also paid tribute to

-the architects who succeeded him.

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-What I like about the opera house

-is its relaxed atmosphere.

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-There is nothing stuffy about it.

-It's a welcoming place.

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-There is more to it

-than just opera and classical music.

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-Hundreds of visitors come here every

-day from Europe, America and Asia.

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-Join me

-on a behind-the-scenes tour...

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-..of the Sydney Opera House.

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-This is the small studio

-with a capacity of 300.

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-It's used for all sorts of things.

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-A design like this means an array

-of events are held here...

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-..from cabarets to cocktail parties.

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-On a larger scale,

-there is this concert hall...

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-..which has seating

-for 2,679 people.

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-I know

-because I've counted each one!

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-As we've seen from

-famous European opera houses...

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-..this wood is used

-to improve acoustics.

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-The first concert

-was held here in September 1973...

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-..by the Sydney Symphony Orchestra,

-conducted by Sir Charles Mackerras.

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-Interestingly, it was a performance

-of Wagner's music.

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-I wonder what he

-would've made of this place?

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-These 18 circles

-are called acoustic clouds...

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-..bounce the sound

-back to the musicians...

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-..otherwise the sound

-would escape into the ceiling.

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-Here's an interesting fact.

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-Between the ceiling and the roof...

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-..there is enough room to

-accommodate a two-storey building.

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-The panels are made of plywood,

-which can be moulded into shapes.

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-This hall is the home

-of the Sydney Symphony Orchestra.

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-They hold

-more than 100 concerts a year.

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-They are rehearsing

-for tonight's concert.

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-Normally

-I wouldn't be allowed in here...

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-..but we've been granted special

-permission, so let's listen.

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-The Sydney Symphony was founded in

-the '30s as the ABC Radio Orchestra.

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-It was a small ensemble

-used for broadcasts.

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-But since those early days...

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-..it's now one of

-the world's largest orchestras...

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-..with 100 musicians.

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-It has attracted many

-of the world's leading conductors...

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-..the latest being Vladimir

-Ashkenazy, another who loves Sydney.

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-He is conducting the orchestra.

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-This is Maninyas: Concerto for

-Violin by Australian, Ross Edwards.

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-It is a pity that Utzon

-never saw his creation at work...

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-..because this place is incredible.

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-It stays true to Utzon's design,

-although it has been altered...

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-..for the challenging acoustics.

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-At the back of the hall

-is the large organ...

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-..the largest of its kind

-in the world.

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-There are 138 pipes visible,

-though there are 10,000 in all.

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-It took 10 years to build.

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-It is completely exceptional.

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-Jorn Utzon said

-he wanted the opera house...

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-..to resemble a large cathedral...

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-..giving anyone who climbed

-the stairs a thrilling experience.

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-He certainly succeeded.

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-I'm now in the opera theatre...

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-..the home of

-Australian opera and ballet.

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-It is the busiest place

-in the building.

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-Utzon had intended it to be

-a smaller hall...

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-..to fulfil

-a less prominent role.

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-Because of that, it falls short.

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-However, it functions effectively,

-though it can be quite a squeeze.

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-Compared with Europe's opera houses,

-this is small...

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-..so the performers

-don't always have to wear a mic.

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-Only the purity of their voices

-can be heard.

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-Some of the opera world's finest...

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-..have performed on this stage

-over the past 30 years...

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-..including Dame Joan Sutherland.

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-Following her death in 2010...

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-..there is talk of naming

-the theatre after the singer...

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-..who I was privileged

-to work with.

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-Opera is a complicated

-and costly business.

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-The sets have to be elaborate.

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-For Madame Butterfly,

-the entire stage turned into a lake.

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-ITALIAN OPERA

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-When it all comes together,

-it's wonderful.

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-Here's a taster

-of an Opera Australia production.

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-The storage space isn't big enough

-to hold large sets...

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-..so everything is carried in

-and assembled in situ.

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-It's little wonder that operatic

-productions require clever planning.

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-Until recently, the opera house's

-warehouse trucks...

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-..had to drive

-in front of the building.

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-Now, there is a purpose-built tunnel

-keeping the practicalities hidden.

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-Utzon wanted to leave as much

-as possible to the imagination.

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-ITALIAN OPERA

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-This is where preparations for

-the productions are carried out.

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-The area is called Surrey Hills.

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-The Opera Centre

-is responsible for the staging.

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-The Australian Opera Company

-began in 1956...

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-..with a season of Mozart operas.

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-It was a huge success.

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-Initially, the company

-was funded by a trust.

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-The first few years

-were difficult...

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-..not because of production costs...

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-..but because it was costly

-to take the productions on tour.

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-Here in the centre, you get an idea

-of what it takes to stage an opera.

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-There are

-costumes and wigs to prepare...

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-..as well as designing and painting

-the set and the stage.

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-Organizing just one production

-is a mammoth task.

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-Last season, Opera Australia

-staged Puccini's Turandot...

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-..and Madame Butterfly...

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-..Bizet's The Pearl Fishers,

-Verdi's Aida...

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-..Donizetti's Lucia di Lammermoor,

-Strauss's Salome...

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-..Erich Korngold's Die Tote Stadt

-and three Mozart operas.

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-The Magic Flute, The Marriage

-of Figaro and Cosi fan Tutte.

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-It's hard work

-just to pronounce them!

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-I've been privileged

-to have performed here...

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-..and it was

-an incredible experience.

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-Let me take you behind the scenes

-where only the performers go.

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-This is the red room -

-the name is self-explanatory!

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-This is where the Sydney Symphony

-Orchestra convene before a concert.

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-I'm sure there's a great vibe in

-here minutes before a performance.

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-This is the drama theatre.

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-What a wonderful place.

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-This is

-a very traditional theatre.

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-The stage has a depth of 14 metres

-with two rotating circles.

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-A computer system

-changes the sets quickly.

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-It's used by

-the Sydney Theatre Company...

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-..and touring companies.

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-This is central passage.

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-You can see why

-the Sydney Opera House...

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-..is one of the busiest

-performing venues in the world.

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-This is the Playhouse

-where plays are staged.

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-It was the former home of

-the Australia Chamber Orchestra.

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-The audience

-is seated close to the stage.

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-These are the dressing rooms.

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-They are quiet places

-before a performance.

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-Being here brings back

-very happy memories for me.

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-Let's take a look inside.

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-Like hundreds of other stars,

-I've been lucky to experience...

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-..the thrill of performing at the

-world's most incredible opera house.

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-We head to Melbourne next...

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-..to explore the life

-of composer, Percy Grainger...

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-..before we return to Sydney

-to end our classical tour.

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-See you then.

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-S4C Subtitles by Adnod Cyf.

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