Pennod 10 ‹ Aled Jones: Fy Nhaith Glasurol

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-Hello and welcome.	0:00:33	0:00:35
-We've travelled Europe -in this series...	0:00:35	0:00:38
-..but now -I'm down under in Australia.	0:00:38	0:00:41
-We've arrived in Melbourne...	0:00:56	0:00:58
-..to learn more about -the remarkable life...	0:00:58	0:01:02
-..of Australia's most famous -composer, Percy Grainger.	0:01:02	0:01:06
-Though Australia is home -to many talented composers...	0:01:06	0:01:10
-..there is none more famous in -classical terms than Percy Grainger.	0:01:10	0:01:14
-Melbourne, the capital of Victoria, -was his birthplace.	0:01:17	0:01:21
-It is Australia's -second largest city.	0:01:21	0:01:23
-Melbourne was founded in 1835...	0:01:30	0:01:34
-..and became a city in 1847.	0:01:34	0:01:36
-Four years later, it became -the state's capital city...	0:01:36	0:01:40
-..and saw a population increase -propelled by the gold industry.	0:01:41	0:01:45
-Many of its grand buildings -are products of generated wealth.	0:01:45	0:01:50
-The Yarra River -is integral to city life...	0:01:54	0:01:58
-..as is the Thames in London -and the Seine in Paris.	0:01:58	0:02:02
-Southbank has become -a centre for arts and leisure...	0:02:06	0:02:09
-..with shops and restaurants -capitalizing on the prime location.	0:02:10	0:02:15
-The Victorian Arts Centre -is also situated in Southbank...	0:02:20	0:02:24
-..housing Hamer Hall, Melbourne's -concert hall and Theatres Building.	0:02:24	0:02:29
-It is home to Melbourne's Symphony -Orchestra, theatre company...	0:02:30	0:02:35
-..Australian ballet -and Opera Australia.	0:02:35	0:02:38
-I've also sung here myself.	0:02:38	0:02:41
-They are spending more than 80m -on renovations to Hamer Hall...	0:02:41	0:02:45
-..from top to bottom.	0:02:46	0:02:48
-It's played an important role in -Australia's classical music history.	0:02:52	0:02:57
-Speaking from personal experience, -it's a special place to perform.	0:02:58	0:03:03
-Melbourne is proud to be -a cultural focal point.	0:03:12	0:03:15
-They take great pride in the fact -this is Percy Grainger's birthplace.	0:03:16	0:03:20
-He would have been -well accustomed to Brighton Beach...	0:03:24	0:03:28
-..situated conveniently close -to the city and his home.	0:03:28	0:03:32
-The beach is renowned -for its colourful beach huts...	0:03:33	0:03:37
-..which have stood here -for 150 years.	0:03:38	0:03:40
-They come with a high price tag...	0:03:40	0:03:43
-..and cost as much -as the city dwellings nearby.	0:03:44	0:03:47
-George Percy Grainger was born -in this Brighton residence...	0:03:50	0:03:54
-..on 8 July, 1882.	0:03:55	0:03:57
-Though the interior -has altered considerably...	0:03:58	0:04:02
-..the exterior facade -has remained...	0:04:02	0:04:05
-..since the days when -the pianist and composer lived here.	0:04:05	0:04:09
-He was one of classical music's -more colourful characters.	0:04:11	0:04:15
-To begin with, he was Australian...	0:04:15	0:04:18
-..which would have been a talking -point in England and America...	0:04:18	0:04:23
-..where he spent most of his time.	0:04:23	0:04:25
-He has been described -as an anarchist and revolutionary.	0:04:26	0:04:30
-His talent was unquestionable.	0:04:30	0:04:32
-He was passionate -and believed anything was possible.	0:04:33	0:04:36
-Failure was never an option.	0:04:37	0:04:39
-At the end of the 19th century...	0:04:42	0:04:44
-..the family moved around a lot, -sometimes staying in hotels.	0:04:44	0:04:49
-This was one of them - -Hotel Esplanade in St Kilda...	0:04:49	0:04:53
-..overlooking Port Phillip Bay.	0:04:54	0:04:56
-These days, -modern music is all the rage.	0:04:56	0:04:59
-With its extensive pier...	0:05:00	0:05:02
-..St Kilda resembles a Welsh -seaside resort from years ago.	0:05:03	0:05:07
-The historical Luna Park -completes the picture.	0:05:12	0:05:16
-Opened in 1912, this was -a centre for live entertainment.	0:05:16	0:05:20
-The Palais Theatre -opened 15 years later.	0:05:23	0:05:27
-It was one of the largest cinemas -in the southern hemisphere.	0:05:27	0:05:31
-In 1962, operas and ballets -were being staged here.	0:05:31	0:05:35
-Music and plays -took over from there.	0:05:35	0:05:38
-Margot Fonteyn and -The Royal Ballet performed here...	0:05:38	0:05:42
-..along with Dame Joan Sutherland.	0:05:42	0:05:45
-ITALIAN OPERA	0:05:45	0:05:47
-The Graingers settled in this house -in Hawthorn, east Melbourne...	0:06:01	0:06:06
-..where his mother, Rose, -was a piano teacher.	0:06:06	0:06:09
-His father, John, -was a gifted architect and artist.	0:06:09	0:06:13
-He was also -a renowned civil engineer.	0:06:13	0:06:16
-He designed the Princess Bridge.	0:06:16	0:06:18
-He was a heavy drinker -and a womaniser.	0:06:18	0:06:21
-The young Percy -witnessed many arguments.	0:06:21	0:06:25
-His parents separated -when he was eight years old.	0:06:25	0:06:28
-Rose focused entirely on her son...	0:06:29	0:06:31
-..creating a close relationship -until her death in 1922.	0:06:32	0:06:36
-Ten years prior to her death...	0:06:36	0:06:38
-..he acknowledged -his closeness to his mother...	0:06:38	0:06:42
-..by adopting -her maiden name, Aldridge.	0:06:42	0:06:45
-She had taught him to play the piano -from the age of five.	0:06:46	0:06:50
-Since his parents' separation...	0:06:50	0:06:53
-..she was solely responsible -for his education.	0:06:53	0:06:56
-He would take cultural trips -to Chinatown...	0:06:56	0:06:59
-..and the colours and sounds -made an impact on him.	0:07:00	0:07:03
-As a single mother, -she had very little money...	0:07:15	0:07:19
-..so they moved to a cheaper place -in South Yarra.	0:07:19	0:07:22
-While the other children played -on the river bank...	0:07:22	0:07:26
-..Percy would practise the piano -for hours at a time.	0:07:26	0:07:29
-His diligence paid off -and he became a gifted pianist.	0:07:48	0:07:52
-He was accomplished enough to hold -his first public performance...	0:07:52	0:07:57
-..the day after his 12th birthday.	0:07:57	0:08:00
-He was praised for his technique...	0:08:00	0:08:03
-..with critics lauding -his "almost perfect" performance.	0:08:03	0:08:06
-He went on to hold further concerts.	0:08:06	0:08:09
-The Royal Exhibition Building, -built in 1880...	0:08:09	0:08:12
-..had a 20,000 seating capacity.	0:08:13	0:08:16
-It has been restored -to its former glory.	0:08:16	0:08:19
-This is the only 19th-century -pavilion of its kind in the world...	0:08:19	0:08:23
-..that still functions.	0:08:23	0:08:25
-Even with poor acoustics, -Grainger was outstanding.	0:08:29	0:08:33
-In 1895, Percy and his mother...	0:08:33	0:08:36
-..sailed to Germany -in search of a formal education.	0:08:36	0:08:40
-For the next six years he studied -at the Hoch Conservatory of Music.	0:08:41	0:08:46
-It was here in Frankfurt -that he met Karl Klimsch...	0:08:46	0:08:50
-..who had turned to music -later in life.	0:08:50	0:08:54
-His kind nature -and energetic disposition...	0:08:54	0:08:57
-..influenced -the young composer's musical ideas.	0:08:58	0:09:01
-Percy claimed that Klimsch -allowed him freedom of thought.	0:09:02	0:09:06
-By the end of 1901...	0:09:08	0:09:10
-..Percy and his mother -arrived in London...	0:09:10	0:09:13
-..where they stayed for 13 years.	0:09:14	0:09:16
-# The poor soul sat sighing	0:09:16	0:09:21
-# By a sycamore tree #	0:09:21	0:09:26
-It was during this time that he took -an interest in English folk music.	0:09:27	0:09:32
-He used an Edison Bell -cylinder phonograph...	0:09:32	0:09:35
-..to record the folk singers.	0:09:35	0:09:37
-He was one of the first -in England to do this.	0:09:37	0:09:41
-He and his contemporaries...	0:09:41	0:09:43
-..enjoyed reproducing -this kind of music.	0:09:43	0:09:46
-# Willow, willow, willow, willow	0:09:47	0:09:51
-# Oh, willow, willow, -willow, willow	0:09:51	0:09:58
-# Shall be	0:09:58	0:10:00
-# My garland #	0:10:01	0:10:04
-His love of folk music continued...	0:10:04	0:10:06
-..inspiring many -of his famous compositions...	0:10:07	0:10:10
-..among which are Handel In -The Stand and Lincolnshire Posy.	0:10:10	0:10:14
-Listening to his music...	0:10:15	0:10:17
-..you would assume -he was an English composer.	0:10:18	0:10:21
-He was also brazen enough -to rearrange the work of others.	0:10:21	0:10:25
-Often they sounded better!	0:10:25	0:10:28
-Willow Willow is one -of his famous rearrangements...	0:10:32	0:10:36
-..performed by Vivien Hamilton -and Glenn Riddle...	0:10:36	0:10:40
-..who's playing -Percy Grainger's own piano.	0:10:40	0:10:43
-# He sighed in his singing	0:10:43	0:10:48
-# And made a great moan	0:10:49	0:10:53
-# Sing willow, willow, willow	0:10:54	0:10:59
-# I am dead to all pleasure	0:10:59	0:11:04
-# My true love, she is gone	0:11:05	0:11:10
-# Oh, willow, willow, willow, willow	0:11:11	0:11:17
-# Oh, willow, willow, -willow, willow #	0:11:18	0:11:25
-In 1905 he came across the song, -Brigg Fair...	0:11:25	0:11:28
-..in a small village -in Lincolnshire.	0:11:29	0:11:31
-Delius was given the task -of adapting it for an orchestra.	0:11:31	0:11:35
-The English composer and he -were birds of a feather.	0:11:36	0:11:39
-They hated the work -of Mozart, Haydn and Beethoven.	0:11:39	0:11:43
-The became close friends because -they both shared the same vision.	0:11:43	0:11:48
-# Willow must be my garland #	0:11:48	0:11:55
-.	0:11:56	0:11:57
-Subtitles	0:11:58	0:11:58
-Subtitles - -Subtitles	0:11:58	0:12:00
-We're in Melbourne, Australia, -birthplace of Percy Grainger.	0:12:05	0:12:10
-Though he detested the work -of some of the great masters...	0:12:11	0:12:14
-..Grainger had his favourites too.	0:12:15	0:12:17
-Edvard Grieg had been -one of his heroes since childhood.	0:12:17	0:12:21
-When the Norwegian composer toured -London on his last visit in 1906...	0:12:21	0:12:26
-..he said he wanted -to meet the young Australian.	0:12:27	0:12:30
-When they met, Grainger -gave a flawless performance...	0:12:30	0:12:34
-..of Grieg's challenging -Norwegian folk music.	0:12:34	0:12:37
-Grieg later wrote -that Percy Grainger was a genius.	0:12:38	0:12:41
-The following year, Grainger -visited Grieg and wife, Nina...	0:12:42	0:12:46
-..at Troldhaugen, their home -on the outskirts of Bergen.	0:12:47	0:12:50
-The couple were astounded...	0:12:51	0:12:53
-..by his regular swimming sessions -in the freezing lake.	0:12:53	0:12:57
-Every day at four he would -run to the railway station...	0:12:57	0:13:01
-..to collect the mail.	0:13:01	0:13:03
-"What a performer. What a man," -wrote Grieg in his journal.	0:13:03	0:13:07
-Following Edvard Grieg's death, Nina -presented his watch to Percy...	0:13:07	0:13:12
-..to remember him by.	0:13:13	0:13:15
-They had planned to tour Europe -together, along with Delius...	0:13:16	0:13:21
-..but Grieg died in the meantime.	0:13:21	0:13:24
-Percy Grainger was the last visitor -to stay at Troldhaugen.	0:13:24	0:13:29
-# Must be my garland #	0:13:29	0:13:35
-Following the outbreak of WWI, -Percy emigrated to America.	0:13:38	0:13:42
-He and his mother, Rose, -settled in New York.	0:13:42	0:13:45
-He had a recording contract -with Columbia since 1908.	0:13:46	0:13:51
-He continued recording and embarked -on his first American tour in 1915.	0:13:51	0:13:56
-Within a year, he and -Australian singer, Nellie Melba...	0:13:57	0:14:02
-..performed concerts for the troops.	0:14:02	0:14:05
-Their parents had been -lifelong friends in Australia.	0:14:05	0:14:09
-It's possible they met as children, -though there is no certainty.	0:14:09	0:14:14
-In 1917, America -entered the war with Germany.	0:14:22	0:14:25
-Percy joined the military band, -playing the saxophone and oboe.	0:14:26	0:14:31
-A year later -he became an American citizen.	0:14:31	0:14:34
-His mother's health was in decline. -She was physically and mentally ill.	0:14:48	0:14:53
-The syphilis she had contracted -from her husband worsened.	0:14:54	0:14:57
-There were also -vicious rumours circulating...	0:14:58	0:15:01
-..that she had forged an incestuous -relationship with her son.	0:15:01	0:15:06
-The rumours affected her sanity.	0:15:14	0:15:16
-Five years later, -while Percy was on tour...	0:15:16	0:15:20
-..Rose went to see his manager, -Antonia Sawyer...	0:15:20	0:15:23
-..on the 18th floor -of the Aeolian Building.	0:15:24	0:15:27
-She was all alone in the room...	0:15:27	0:15:29
-..and either she fell -or she leapt from the window.	0:15:30	0:15:33
-We'll never know -if it was an accident or not.	0:15:33	0:15:37
-Percy salvaged some of the contents -of her handbag the day she died.	0:15:39	0:15:44
-They were personal items.	0:15:44	0:15:46
-A plait of hair and a ripped-up note -she had written the day before.	0:15:46	0:15:51
-Percy pieced together the note -and later published a book...	0:15:51	0:15:55
-..in memory of Rose -for family and friends.	0:15:55	0:15:58
-Percy eventually came to terms -with the shock and married.	0:16:00	0:16:05
-He continued performing -and won more praise as a composer.	0:16:05	0:16:08
-His wife, Ella Strom, -was a Swedish poet and artist...	0:16:09	0:16:12
-..whom he'd met on a voyage -across the Pacific Ocean.	0:16:13	0:16:17
-The wedding was held at -the Hollywood Bowl, Los Angeles...	0:16:17	0:16:21
-..in front of -an audience of 25,000...	0:16:22	0:16:24
-..who listened to the first -performance of To A Nordic Princess.	0:16:25	0:16:29
-The score -was his wedding gift to Ella.	0:16:29	0:16:31
-Since he had spent so much -of his life outside of Australia...	0:16:34	0:16:38
-..it took a while for him to be -taken seriously in his own country.	0:16:38	0:16:43
-That is no longer the case.	0:16:43	0:16:45
-It was Percy's own idea -to establish the Grainger Museum.	0:16:54	0:16:58
-He hoped -that by opening the museum...	0:16:58	0:17:01
-..he could use his expertise...	0:17:01	0:17:04
-..to help others -understand the creative process.	0:17:04	0:17:07
-He adhered to the notion...	0:17:13	0:17:15
-..that no art exists -in a social or cultural vacuum.	0:17:15	0:17:18
-He set about collecting -and exhibiting everyday items...	0:17:19	0:17:23
-..to accompany his music.	0:17:23	0:17:25
-He asked friends -from around the world...	0:17:25	0:17:27
-..to return -the letters he had written.	0:17:28	0:17:30
-They were copied -and stored for safekeeping.	0:17:31	0:17:34
-The University of Melbourne...	0:17:36	0:17:38
-..provided the land for the museum -while he funded the construction.	0:17:39	0:17:44
-He contributed to the design, -alongside architect, John Gawler.	0:17:50	0:17:55
-Today it contains more than 50,000 -contributions from correspondents.	0:18:09	0:18:13
-Letters from Grieg, Delius -and Ralph Vaughan Williams.	0:18:14	0:18:17
-Others are from before his time...	0:18:18	0:18:20
-..such as the letter from -Tchaikovsky, another of his heroes.	0:18:20	0:18:24
-Grainger was -a self-proclaimed genius.	0:18:36	0:18:39
-The museum manages -to encapsulate his life and work...	0:18:39	0:18:43
-..from his own perspective rather -than how others interpreted him.	0:18:44	0:18:49
-In order to fund the museum...	0:19:08	0:19:10
-..he embarked on a two-year tour -of Australasia in the mid-1930s.	0:19:10	0:19:15
-He gave 56 concerts and -three times that amount for radio.	0:19:15	0:19:19
-He also helped -with the museum's construction.	0:19:21	0:19:24
-Sometimes he would arrive on site -at 6.00am to lay bricks.	0:19:24	0:19:28
-The Grainger Museum was officially -opened in December 1938...	0:19:31	0:19:35
-..though it wasn't open -to the public during his lifetime.	0:19:35	0:19:39
-He returned to America -a year later...	0:19:39	0:19:42
-..and managed the museum remotely.	0:19:42	0:19:45
-Following Grainger's death -in 1961...	0:19:45	0:19:48
-..the University of Melbourne -took over ownership.	0:19:48	0:19:52
-There is nothing like it -in Australia.	0:19:53	0:19:56
-It is an excellent collection -of artefacts...	0:19:56	0:20:00
-..giving an insight into the life of -a complex yet talented individual.	0:20:00	0:20:06
-Grainger was greatly interested -in technological advances.	0:20:08	0:20:12
-In the 1950s, he worked alongside -scientist, Bernard Cross...	0:20:13	0:20:17
-..on Free Music experiments.	0:20:17	0:20:19
-He wanted to liberate music -from the performer's oppression.	0:20:20	0:20:24
-These are his designs -for the Kangaroo-Pouch Machine...	0:20:24	0:20:29
-..the forerunner of the synthesizer -to tackle hard-to-play variations.	0:20:30	0:20:34
-One of the earliest examples -can be found in the museum...	0:20:34	0:20:38
-..which works on -the same principle as the pianola.	0:20:39	0:20:42
-Like his father, he was -a gifted artist and painter.	0:20:48	0:20:51
-He was also slightly alternative -and a bit of an eccentric.	0:20:52	0:20:56
-He made his own clothes -from colourful terry towelling.	0:20:56	0:21:00
-They were intended for wear in -summer and winter and were washable.	0:21:00	0:21:05
-He might have been -on to something there!	0:21:06	0:21:08
-Percy Grainger -held his final concert in 1960.	0:21:09	0:21:12
-He died a year later -in the United States on 20 February.	0:21:13	0:21:16
-His body -was repatriated to Australia...	0:21:17	0:21:19
-..and buried in the Aldridge -family grave in Adelaide.	0:21:20	0:21:23
-He left -a myriad original works behind.	0:21:24	0:21:26
-Over the years, -he has been acknowledged...	0:21:27	0:21:30
-..as one of the prolific composers -of the 20th century.	0:21:30	0:21:34
-Percy Grainger -was an exceptional man.	0:21:34	0:21:37
-I doubt people these days would -find him as eccentric as all that.	0:21:37	0:21:42
-Australia has every right -to be proud of him.	0:21:42	0:21:46
-It's been great exploring Melbourne -and learning about Percy Grainger.	0:21:57	0:22:02
-I've enjoyed my time in Australia, -especially Sydney.	0:22:03	0:22:07
-I've wanted to head out -onto the water since I arrived.	0:22:14	0:22:18
-Apparently, the best time -for a harbour cruise is at night.	0:22:18	0:22:23
-Even for residents, a harbour cruise -is considered a bit of a treat.	0:22:27	0:22:32
-It's easy to see why.	0:22:32	0:22:35
-The best views are to be found -under Harbour Bridge.	0:22:35	0:22:40
-A night-time cruise with all -the illuminations is thrilling.	0:22:41	0:22:44
-Unfortunately, -my time in Australia is over.	0:22:52	0:22:56
-Until next time, goodbye.	0:22:56	0:22:58
-Grieg and Sibelius are the focus -of our next episode in Scandinavia.	0:23:02	0:23:07
-We then head to England...	0:23:07	0:23:09
-..to explore the life of another of -Grainger's musical friends, Delius.	0:23:09	0:23:15
-S4C Subtitles by Adnod Cyf.	0:23:46	0:23:48
-.	0:23:48	0:23:49

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