Newyddion Ffug: Beth yw'r Gwir?

Line	From	To
-.	0:00:00	0:00:00
-A spokesperson for the union -said negotiations will continue.	0:00:00	0:00:05
-Six months have passed...	0:00:05	0:00:07
-Well, can we believe -what we hear on the news?	0:00:07	0:00:11
-Donald Trump complains almost -on a daily basis about fake news.	0:00:11	0:00:16
-You are fake news.	0:00:16	0:00:17
-Others say he was elected -on a wave of fake news.	0:00:17	0:00:21
-How do you differentiate -between truth and lies...	0:00:21	0:00:25
-..when you read your mobile phones -or watch TV?	0:00:25	0:00:29
-Do you believe -everything I'm saying?	0:00:30	0:00:33
-Is it true? Really?	0:00:33	0:00:35
-That's true.	0:00:36	0:00:38
-No. It's not.	0:00:38	0:00:39
-What's true and what's not?	0:00:40	0:00:42
-Some people think I'm having -an affair with Gavin Henson.	0:00:42	0:00:46
-It's hard to know who to believe.	0:00:46	0:00:49
-The term fake news -is frequently used in Westminster.	0:00:49	0:00:54
-I've been on a journey -to find the fakers.	0:00:54	0:00:57
-I've gone as far -as the streets of Macedonia.	0:00:58	0:01:01
-Do you know people who do fake news?	0:01:01	0:01:03
-Yes, yes.	0:01:03	0:01:05
-If the stories travel far, -they make money from advertising.	0:01:06	0:01:10
-I meet a Northwalian -who had a million clicks...	0:01:10	0:01:13
-..for a story that stopped traffic.	0:01:13	0:01:16
-I hadn't intended to make it -look real but people thought it was.	0:01:16	0:01:20
-Over a million people read that.	0:01:20	0:01:23
-In this programme, -we look at past and present lies...	0:01:23	0:01:28
-..and what awaits us in the future.	0:01:28	0:01:31
-We'll see how far -a fake news story can spread.	0:01:31	0:01:34
-As everyone shouts "fake news", -can we trust anything?	0:01:35	0:01:40
-When I stated working -as a journalist in Cardiff...	0:01:50	0:01:53
-..fake news was unheard of.	0:01:53	0:01:56
-The line between truth and lies -appeared clearer then...	0:01:56	0:02:00
-..but there's nothing new in trying -to control what appears in the news.	0:02:01	0:02:06
-I remember back in the '90s...	0:02:07	0:02:09
-..the only way -I could get information...	0:02:09	0:02:12
-..from the war in Yugoslavia...	0:02:12	0:02:14
-..was by going precisely where -the Croatian army would take me.	0:02:14	0:02:19
-This is the first time the Croatian -army has allowed journalists...	0:02:20	0:02:25
-..to visit the town -since it was captured.	0:02:25	0:02:27
-Also in the '90s, in China, a lot -of undercover filming was required.	0:02:28	0:02:33
-Journalists weren't welcome at all.	0:02:34	0:02:37
-Tonight, most of these people -will go home worse off.	0:02:37	0:02:42
-They must accept -whatever Beijing has to offer.	0:02:42	0:02:46
-In the past year, much has changed	0:02:46	0:02:50
-You can't ignore the effect -of technology and the Internet...	0:02:51	0:02:54
-..on Donald Trump's success.	0:02:54	0:02:56
-Since being elected, he's used -the term 'fake news' constantly...	0:02:56	0:03:00
-..on Twitter, accusing newspapers -and broadcasters of lying.	0:03:00	0:03:06
-Some claim that fake news -helped Trump win the US election.	0:03:07	0:03:12
-Websites from Eastern Europe -produced fake stories...	0:03:12	0:03:16
-..that were extensively shared -on Facebook and Twitter.	0:03:16	0:03:19
-The news is now -under the microscope.	0:03:19	0:03:21
-You are fake news, fake news.	0:03:22	0:03:24
-Checking the legitimacy of news -is an important part of journalism.	0:03:25	0:03:29
-Newspapers and broadcasters -now employ fact checkers...	0:03:30	0:03:33
-..to check the facts and information -that come from all directions.	0:03:34	0:03:39
-Last year, there was a change in the -way stories were shared on websites.	0:03:39	0:03:45
-One of the first to notice -was Elena Cresci...	0:03:45	0:03:50
-..an expert on social media -with The Guardian.	0:03:50	0:03:54
-Elena, you work for The Guardian -as a fact checker.	0:03:54	0:03:59
-What exactly is your role?	0:04:00	0:04:01
-When I began, -an important part of my job...	0:04:02	0:04:04
-..was taking stories in -from our readers.	0:04:05	0:04:07
-We'll ask questions such as...	0:04:08	0:04:10
-..have you been affected -by events in the NHS?	0:04:10	0:04:14
-A large part of that -was when terror attacks happened.	0:04:15	0:04:19
-It's important for us to be -accurate in what we report.	0:04:20	0:04:24
-We can't watch a video of something -claiming to be the Paris attack...	0:04:25	0:04:30
-..without checking it first.	0:04:30	0:04:32
-When readers offer videos -on different stories...	0:04:33	0:04:37
-..what exactly do you do -to check that footage?	0:04:37	0:04:42
-There are a few things you can do.	0:04:42	0:04:44
-For example, -with the attack in Munich...	0:04:45	0:04:47
-..there was a video of the man -shooting outside McDonald's.	0:04:48	0:04:54
-I checked that McDonald's branch.	0:04:54	0:04:58
-Was it the same McDonald's? -Is there even one there?	0:04:58	0:05:02
-Sometimes when something happens...	0:05:02	0:05:05
-..people take photos or find videos -from other attacks and use them.	0:05:05	0:05:10
-During the Munich attack, -one reader sent us a video...	0:05:10	0:05:14
-..of a staged terror attack -in Manchester...	0:05:14	0:05:17
-..and said it was from Germany -which evidently wasn't true.	0:05:18	0:05:22
-During last year's US Elections...	0:05:22	0:05:26
-..did you notice a change in the way -stories were promoted globally?	0:05:27	0:05:32
-What I noticed was websites -being established...	0:05:32	0:05:37
-..just to report fake news.	0:05:37	0:05:40
-These websites were set up -by teenagers in Macedonia.	0:05:41	0:05:45
-They had one goal.	0:05:45	0:05:48
-Not to get Trump elected -but to make money.	0:05:48	0:05:51
-If their stories travelled -long distances...	0:05:51	0:05:55
-..and most of the stories were -hyper partisan for Donald Trump...	0:05:55	0:06:00
-..they could make money -from the advertising...	0:06:00	0:06:03
-..and this happened regularly.	0:06:03	0:06:06
-In America, -politicians accused The Guardian...	0:06:06	0:06:10
-..and the BBC -of promoting fake news.	0:06:11	0:06:13
-Has that phenomenon reached Britain -and British politicians?	0:06:14	0:06:19
-I've heard Jeremy Corbyn mention it.	0:06:19	0:06:22
-It's dangerous when he says -this is fake news.	0:06:22	0:06:26
-Politicians can't just say that a -story they don't like is fake news.	0:06:26	0:06:32
-If the facts are inaccurate, -say they're inaccurate.	0:06:32	0:06:35
-When I hear politicians say -a story is fake news...	0:06:36	0:06:39
-..I feel it's really scary.	0:06:40	0:06:43
-For this programme, we've organised -an experiment on fake news...	0:06:44	0:06:48
-..to see how fast -something can be spread.	0:06:48	0:06:52
-Do you have any advice for us?	0:06:52	0:06:54
-You'd need someone popular, -someone well-known, a celebrity...	0:06:55	0:07:01
-..someone the tabloids dedicate -a lot of column inches to.	0:07:01	0:07:06
-Someone the public have a lot -of interest in their personal life.	0:07:06	0:07:12
-What's the best way -to start the story?	0:07:13	0:07:17
-Ooh, well. Maybe with a tweet.	0:07:17	0:07:21
-Not from the person, -that's a little suspect.	0:07:22	0:07:24
-Maybe from someone -with a big account following.	0:07:25	0:07:29
-Just be a little bit cheeky -about it...	0:07:31	0:07:33
-..suggest that something's happened.	0:07:34	0:07:36
-That might do it.	0:07:38	0:07:39
-To see how quickly -fake news can be spread...	0:07:43	0:07:46
-..Sian Lloyd, a well-known face -with a strong Twitter presence...	0:07:47	0:07:51
-..has allowed us to share -a fake story about her.	0:07:51	0:07:53
-Sian is happy to be part -of the experiment...	0:07:54	0:07:57
-..since many fake stories about -her love life have been shared.	0:07:58	0:08:03
-In one case, -a theatre trip with colleagues...	0:08:03	0:08:07
-..was reported as the start -of a toy boy relationship.	0:08:07	0:08:11
-The athlete, Welshman James Baker...	0:08:11	0:08:14
-..just as I walked down the steps -out of the theatre...	0:08:15	0:08:19
-..I just happened to be with James, -laughing and talking.	0:08:20	0:08:24
-The next day, in the newspapers...	0:08:24	0:08:26
-..I'm having an affair -with a young, handsome mystery man.	0:08:27	0:08:31
-Who is Sian's mystery man?	0:08:31	0:08:33
-That's not the only false story -written about Sian.	0:08:34	0:08:38
-The papers also claim that a close -friend to her is her sugar daddy...	0:08:38	0:08:42
-..after they were spotted together.	0:08:42	0:08:45
-The Sunday papers claimed that David -Goldstone was Sian's sugar daddy.	0:08:46	0:08:51
-"She looked ever so comfortable -sat there in the Bentley."	0:08:51	0:08:55
-David loved it -but he's just a dear friend to me.	0:08:55	0:08:59
-So I've had David, -who's by now 88 years old...	0:08:59	0:09:02
-..James Baker, -who was 25 at the time...	0:09:02	0:09:05
-..but never anyone in the middle.	0:09:05	0:09:07
-In a career -that's spanned many decades...	0:09:08	0:09:10
-..Sian has seen many changes.	0:09:11	0:09:14
-Mistakes and lies -are on the increase.	0:09:14	0:09:17
-At the start of my career...	0:09:17	0:09:20
-..it would have been embarrassing -if you were caught lying.	0:09:20	0:09:26
-Back in the day, politicians -didn't want to be caught out.	0:09:26	0:09:30
-The truth actually meant something.	0:09:30	0:09:32
-Over the decades -and especially since 2007...	0:09:33	0:09:36
-..and the popularity -of the Internet...	0:09:37	0:09:40
-..things have spiralled downwards -very quickly.	0:09:40	0:09:45
-Former rugby player Gareth Thomas...	0:09:46	0:09:49
-..has agreed to share news about -Sian through his Twitter account.	0:09:49	0:09:54
-She's become engaged -to a sports star half her age.	0:09:54	0:09:57
-We'll see if anyone takes the bait -later in the programme.	0:09:58	0:10:02
-Elena will keep an eye -on how the rumour develops.	0:10:02	0:10:06
-I trained as a journalist in Cardiff -during very different times.	0:10:06	0:10:11
-Cardiff University now has a special -course to help future hacks...	0:10:12	0:10:16
-..recognise fake news.	0:10:17	0:10:19
-The students are in the Assembly -to learn from journalists...	0:10:19	0:10:23
-..and PR experts.	0:10:24	0:10:25
-How do they receive their news?	0:10:25	0:10:27
-Like many people of my age, -we receive news from the Internet.	0:10:28	0:10:33
-Twitter, Facebook.	0:10:34	0:10:35
-I just read stories -that interest me.	0:10:35	0:10:38
-There could be a lot out there -I'm unaware of.	0:10:39	0:10:41
-I won't click on it -unless I want to read it.	0:10:41	0:10:44
-I am relatively dependant -on what my friends share and read.	0:10:44	0:10:49
-I can tell quite easily -if something is fake news.	0:10:50	0:10:53
-I remember when Facebook had -problems with their trending page...	0:10:54	0:10:58
-..I heard on the news -that someone famous had died.	0:10:58	0:11:01
-I clicked on the item -and realised...	0:11:01	0:11:05
-..that it linked to a website -I didn't recognise.	0:11:05	0:11:09
-Sometimes they're click-bait.	0:11:09	0:11:11
-People click on them because -they want the news to be true.	0:11:11	0:11:15
-Often, it's not the press or the -mainstream media sharing fake news.	0:11:15	0:11:21
-They come from fake websites -created in other countries.	0:11:21	0:11:25
-It's quite shocking -how much power fake news has.	0:11:26	0:11:30
-We really don't know -how powerful fake news can be.	0:11:30	0:11:34
-There's no way to assess it.	0:11:34	0:11:36
-We know that more fake news -was shared...	0:11:36	0:11:39
-..during Trump's campaign -than real news.	0:11:39	0:11:42
-Future journalists will have -to work harder than ever before.	0:11:43	0:11:47
-How can they avoid being tricked -into sharing lies?	0:11:47	0:11:51
-That's the question I asked Sian -Morgan Lloyd, the course leader.	0:11:52	0:11:57
-Recognising fake news -can be difficult.	0:11:58	0:12:00
-Even seasoned journalists -and academics...	0:12:01	0:12:04
-..find it difficult every time.	0:12:04	0:12:07
-We do use different methods -when we work with students.	0:12:07	0:12:13
-Google gives you the opportunity -to place a photo in Google images...	0:12:14	0:12:18
-..and it tells you -what Google knows about the photo.	0:12:19	0:12:23
-When it was taken -and where it was taken.	0:12:23	0:12:26
-During the Scottish Referendum -campaign...	0:12:27	0:12:30
-..a lot of photos -were shared online...	0:12:30	0:12:33
-..showing riot police in Glasgow.	0:12:33	0:12:36
-The photos had been taken in London -during the London riots.	0:12:36	0:12:41
-It shows quite clearly that if you -take a photo out of its context...	0:12:42	0:12:46
-..you can create fake news.	0:12:46	0:12:48
-Fake news -is an international business...	0:12:49	0:12:52
-..which creates challenges -for journalists.	0:12:53	0:12:56
-My journey takes me to a city -with a large collection...	0:12:56	0:13:00
-..of fake news websites.	0:13:01	0:13:03
-I'm glad to hear -that my fellow countrymen...	0:13:03	0:13:07
-..helped Trump to win the election.	0:13:07	0:13:09
-We'll also catch up -with Sian Lloyd's private life.	0:13:10	0:13:15
-First, how easy is it -to spot the difference...	0:13:16	0:13:19
-..between a genuine news story -and fake news?	0:13:19	0:13:22
-Will you fare better than this crew?	0:13:22	0:13:26
-Three sets of headlines. -What's true and what's fake?	0:13:30	0:13:34
-These have all been on the Internet.	0:13:34	0:13:37
-Warning: Escaped Cattle Selling -Dairy Products Door To Door.	0:13:37	0:13:41
-Fake.	0:13:43	0:13:44
-No, no.	0:13:44	0:13:45
-Fake?	0:13:46	0:13:47
-Fake? - -It's not true.	0:13:47	0:13:49
-It's true.	0:13:49	0:13:50
-It's true. - -It's not!	0:13:50	0:13:52
-Witches Plan To Cast Mass Spell -Against Donald Trump.	0:13:52	0:13:56
-True.	0:13:56	0:13:57
-True, definitely.	0:13:57	0:13:59
-Fake.	0:13:59	0:14:00
-Fake. - -It's true.	0:14:00	0:14:01
-Really?	0:14:01	0:14:03
-Donald Trump Protestor Speaks Out.	0:14:03	0:14:06
-I Was Paid 3,500 -To Protest Trump's Rally.	0:14:06	0:14:10
-True.	0:14:10	0:14:11
-True.	0:14:12	0:14:13
-True. - -True.	0:14:13	0:14:15
-Fake.	0:14:15	0:14:16
-Fake. - -It's fake.	0:14:16	0:14:18
-All wrong!	0:14:19	0:14:21
-Does that bother you?	0:14:21	0:14:23
-Does that bother you? - -Definitely.	0:14:23	0:14:24
-You should be wary -of the online stories.	0:14:24	0:14:28
-Is it true? Is it?	0:14:28	0:14:30
-No, it's not!	0:14:31	0:14:33
-.	0:14:35	0:14:35
-Threats, belittling and vilification -were often used by spin doctors.	0:15:19	0:15:26
-Once, when Tony Blair -visited Wales...	0:15:26	0:15:29
-..I asked a question that wasn't -on his agenda that day.	0:15:29	0:15:33
-Alastair Campbell was incensed.	0:15:33	0:15:35
-I was pulled to one side...	0:15:36	0:15:38
-..and he warned me never to do -such a thing again.	0:15:38	0:15:42
-It was an unpleasant experience -at the time...	0:15:43	0:15:46
-..but very common -for political correspondents.	0:15:46	0:15:50
-The process of influencing the press -was well established	0:15:50	0:15:54
-When David Cameron -was elected Prime Minister...	0:15:54	0:15:57
-..he also appointed -a former journalist.	0:15:57	0:16:00
-Andy Coulson stepped in...	0:16:00	0:16:02
-..despite problems with his former -employer the News of The World.	0:16:02	0:16:07
-Many journalists have moved -into the world of PR and spin.	0:16:07	0:16:12
-Their job is to control the news -rather than report it.	0:16:13	0:16:16
-Guto Harri is one -who followed this path.	0:16:17	0:16:20
-At one time, -he worked alongside me in the BBC.	0:16:20	0:16:24
-Both presidents -presented themselves...	0:16:24	0:16:27
-..as an example of the way -decades of mistrust can be overcome.	0:16:27	0:16:31
-He's worked as Boris Johnson's -Director of Communications...	0:16:32	0:16:37
-..when he was Mayor of London...	0:16:37	0:16:39
-..and also for the News -International group of newspapers.	0:16:39	0:16:43
-He now works for media group -Liberty Global.	0:16:43	0:16:46
-Guto, you've been on both sides -of the fence...	0:16:48	0:16:52
-..a journalist -and a communications director.	0:16:52	0:16:55
-How difficult was it -to cross over to the dark side?	0:16:55	0:16:59
-It changes your perspective but -you're part of the same process.	0:16:59	0:17:05
-You're further down -or further up the chain.	0:17:05	0:17:09
-It helped me -that I'd worked as a journalist.	0:17:09	0:17:13
-What we're trying to do -is sell stories.	0:17:14	0:17:16
-You have to know what will come out -at the other end of the filter.	0:17:16	0:17:21
-It's been a great help to do that.	0:17:21	0:17:23
-When you crossed, -did Guto Harri the journalist...	0:17:24	0:17:28
-..see things that shocked him -on the other side?	0:17:28	0:17:31
-As a journalist, -you know the difference...	0:17:32	0:17:34
-..between genuine people -and people who tell you...	0:17:35	0:17:38
-..that someone isn't available -when they are.	0:17:38	0:17:41
-I saw all kinds of nonsense...	0:17:41	0:17:44
-..during the days of Tony Blair -as Prime Minister.	0:17:44	0:17:47
-"War is neither imminent -nor inevitable."	0:17:48	0:17:51
-Alun Michael as First Minister - -"Made in Wales".	0:17:51	0:17:55
-Everyone knew it was a decision -from No.10.	0:17:56	0:17:58
-On this side of the fence, I've -tried to avoid doing the things...	0:17:58	0:18:04
-..that I know -will incense journalists.	0:18:04	0:18:07
-You need their trust - you can -only trick a journalist once.	0:18:08	0:18:13
-If you do that, -they'll never trust you again.	0:18:13	0:18:16
-If you lose that trust, you cannot -influence those people again.	0:18:16	0:18:22
-What do you make of the movement -started by President Trump...	0:18:22	0:18:26
-..that if he doesn't agree -with something, it's fake news?	0:18:27	0:18:31
-The best thing about fake news...	0:18:32	0:18:34
-..is that it reminded us all -of what real news looks like.	0:18:34	0:18:38
-When Trump attacked Vanity Fair...	0:18:39	0:18:42
-..100,000 people subscribed -to the magazine.	0:18:42	0:18:46
-The New York Times is improving.	0:18:46	0:18:49
-People have realised -that there's a difference...	0:18:49	0:18:52
-..between reading the views -of your best friend...	0:18:52	0:18:56
-..and reading the views -of someone more informed.	0:18:56	0:19:00
-If you grab the big brands, -such as New York Times, CNN...	0:19:00	0:19:04
-..The Times and the BBC...	0:19:04	0:19:08
-..you'll have an antidote -to fake news.	0:19:08	0:19:11
-Interestingly, the institutions -banned from the White House...	0:19:11	0:19:16
-..were those trusted, -believable news sources.	0:19:17	0:19:20
-One of the biggest threats -to traditional news brands...	0:19:20	0:19:24
-..is social media.	0:19:24	0:19:27
-It's changed the way -journalists work.	0:19:27	0:19:32
-Twitter is an important weapon -in the political world.	0:19:32	0:19:36
-Westminster looks the same -as it did when I worked here...	0:19:36	0:19:40
-..but much has changed.	0:19:40	0:19:42
-Journalists spend -as much time on social media...	0:19:42	0:19:45
-..as they do in front of a camera.	0:19:45	0:19:48
-Elliw Gwawr is BBC Cymru's -Westminster Correspondent.	0:19:49	0:19:54
-Here we are, a normal day -in Westminster, Elliw.	0:19:54	0:19:57
-What's the first thing you do in -work? Check the social media sites?	0:19:58	0:20:02
-Yes, I must be honest.	0:20:03	0:20:05
-I switch the computer on rather -than reach for the newspapers.	0:20:05	0:20:09
-I open Twitter to see -what the politicians have said.	0:20:09	0:20:14
-That's something I monitor -all day long.	0:20:14	0:20:18
-To be honest, that's where people -post news and stories first.	0:20:18	0:20:23
-The Government make announcements -straight on Twitter...	0:20:23	0:20:27
-..to target the public directly -with their message...	0:20:27	0:20:31
-..before it is digested -by politicians...	0:20:31	0:20:35
-..and reported by the BBC -or other journalists.	0:20:35	0:20:41
-How do you check? Do you accept -that this is the truth?	0:20:41	0:20:45
-No, never! The complete opposite.	0:20:45	0:20:48
-I'm cynical of anything -that's posted on Twitter...	0:20:48	0:20:51
-..whether it's by journalists -or politicians.	0:20:52	0:20:56
-If I want to post something, -I have to check the facts myself.	0:20:56	0:21:00
-It's so easy just to post something -and think about it afterwards.	0:21:01	0:21:07
-As a journalist, I think twice -before posting anything.	0:21:07	0:21:12
-Is fake news discussed -behind the scenes at Westminster?	0:21:12	0:21:19
-Is America influencing Britain?	0:21:19	0:21:21
-The term fake news is often used -in Westminster at the moment.	0:21:22	0:21:27
-We hear from people -like Jeremy Corbyn...	0:21:28	0:21:31
-..people within government itself...	0:21:31	0:21:33
-..Amber Rudd the Home Secretary -claiming that news...	0:21:34	0:21:37
-..from institutions they don't -particularly like is fake news.	0:21:37	0:21:43
-It is used more often to challenge -journalism they don't like.	0:21:43	0:21:49
-It's not necessarily incorrect or -fake but they don't agree with it.	0:21:49	0:21:53
-The democratising of journalism -is happening.	0:21:54	0:21:58
-Will we need journalists -in the future?	0:21:58	0:22:01
-People want news -they can believe and trust.	0:22:01	0:22:07
-Something that a fake website posts -or something the public posts...	0:22:07	0:22:13
-..has the same value -as one tweet by the BBC.	0:22:13	0:22:16
-That's the challenge for us.	0:22:17	0:22:19
-How do we use that?	0:22:20	0:22:21
-How do we report -the stories quickly...	0:22:22	0:22:25
-..and also with the accuracy people -expect from us as journalists?	0:22:25	0:22:31
-As we've seen, controlling -and influencing news content...	0:22:33	0:22:38
-..is an integral part -of the political world.	0:22:38	0:22:41
-These days, -people create their own news.	0:22:41	0:22:45
-It is claimed -that fake news websites...	0:22:45	0:22:48
-..helped Donald Trump -win the US Election.	0:22:48	0:22:50
-How has this happened? -The answer was a bit of a shock.	0:22:51	0:22:56
-If you, -like millions across the world...	0:22:56	0:22:59
-..have read stories on websites -with names such as...	0:22:59	0:23:03
-..USA Newsflash, USA Daily Politics, -Donald Trump News...	0:23:03	0:23:08
-..you've been reading words that -were written and published here.	0:23:09	0:23:13
-Veles is a small city in Macedonia.	0:23:21	0:23:24
-It has a population of 50,000 - -less than Merthyr Tydfil.	0:23:24	0:23:28
-Recently, journalists noticed -that over 100 fake news websites...	0:23:29	0:23:34
-..were published from here.	0:23:34	0:23:36
-They were all targeted -at readers in America.	0:23:37	0:23:40
-The websites were set up -by the city's youngsters.	0:23:41	0:23:44
-They cornered the market -of fake news.	0:23:45	0:23:48
-What was in the articles?	0:23:48	0:23:50
-These were some of the headlines.	0:23:50	0:23:53
-Writing fake news about America -is a profitable business.	0:24:03	0:24:08
-Last year, people shared, -discussed or responded...	0:24:08	0:24:13
-..to fake news -about American politics...	0:24:13	0:24:16
-..over 10m times on Facebook.	0:24:16	0:24:19
-Advertising revenue, not politics, -is the driving force here.	0:24:20	0:24:24
-Since coming -to international attention...	0:24:25	0:24:27
-..the authors -are staying out of the limelight.	0:24:27	0:24:30
-What do local people know about -the fake news factory in Veles?	0:24:31	0:24:35
-I don't think that in general people -are aware of what has been going on.	0:24:35	0:24:40
-Maybe the younger generation who -spend their time on the Internet.	0:24:40	0:24:45
-I heard -that it was something to do...	0:24:47	0:24:49
-..with helping Donald Trump -win the election a few months ago.	0:24:50	0:24:54
-I didn't get much publicity here -in Macedonia.	0:24:55	0:24:58
-We were more preoccupied -with other topics...	0:24:58	0:25:01
-..with our daily politics.	0:25:01	0:25:03
-It's good that Veles -has gained publicity...	0:25:04	0:25:07
-..and that the media flocked here.	0:25:08	0:25:11
-That's the positive side.	0:25:11	0:25:13
-Do you think it's good for Veles, -that international publicity?	0:25:14	0:25:18
-As they say, -any type of publicity is good.	0:25:18	0:25:22
-This might be good -for people to hear.	0:25:22	0:25:27
-I'm glad to hear -that my fellow countrymen...	0:25:27	0:25:31
-..helped Trump -to win the election...	0:25:31	0:25:33
-..but I don't know -if it's beneficial...	0:25:34	0:25:36
-..for the rest of the world.	0:25:37	0:25:39
-It surprises you -that there are people here...	0:25:40	0:25:43
-..making thousands of pounds -with fake news.	0:25:44	0:25:47
-Well, it does, but we have -one saying in Macedonia.	0:25:47	0:25:50
-Poor people are like devils, they -can always find a way to make money.	0:25:50	0:25:54
-Maybe Donald Trump should come here.	0:25:55	0:25:57
-He should bring a portion -of the United States to Veles.	0:25:57	0:26:01
-More from the factory of fake news -in Macedonia after the break.	0:26:06	0:26:11
-We also talk to those -who know what's going on here.	0:26:11	0:26:14
-They create fake news for fun, -and for the money.	0:26:16	0:26:19
-Back home, what's happened to the -fake news story about Sian Lloyd?	0:26:20	0:26:25
-First, what do you make -of these headlines?	0:26:26	0:26:30
-Have you heard of fake news? -Do you think you can spot it?	0:26:33	0:26:38
-Uh, maybe.	0:26:38	0:26:40
-Some headlines.	0:26:40	0:26:41
-Darth Vader hopes force with him -in Ukraine polls. True?	0:26:42	0:26:46
-No.	0:26:46	0:26:47
-Yes.	0:26:47	0:26:48
-Yes. - -I read that somewhere.	0:26:48	0:26:50
-True.	0:26:51	0:26:52
-Buddhist Monk Goes On Tire Slashing -Spree After Killing Insect.	0:26:53	0:26:58
-True. True.	0:26:58	0:27:00
-Fake.	0:27:01	0:27:02
-You think it's true?	0:27:02	0:27:04
-Yes. No. I don't know.	0:27:04	0:27:06
-It's true.	0:27:08	0:27:10
-Woman murders roommate for sending -too many Candy Crush requests.	0:27:10	0:27:14
-That's true.	0:27:15	0:27:16
-True.	0:27:16	0:27:17
-True. - -She went bonkers and killed someone.	0:27:17	0:27:21
-Fake.	0:27:21	0:27:22
-Spot-on. Three out of three. -Well done.	0:27:23	0:27:26
-You can spot fake news. -Well done, fantastic.	0:27:26	0:27:30
-Thank you!	0:27:30	0:27:32
-.	0:27:32	0:27:32
-Subtitles	0:29:12	0:29:12
-Subtitles - -Subtitles	0:29:12	0:29:14
-This put the country of Macedonia -on the map.	0:29:17	0:29:20
-That's the good thing about this.	0:29:20	0:29:22
-It did more -for the country's profile...	0:29:23	0:29:25
-..than many other things -over a longer period of time.	0:29:26	0:29:30
-More importantly, the youngsters -didn't break any Macedonian laws.	0:29:30	0:29:35
-You're confident -that these were individuals...	0:29:36	0:29:40
-..and they weren't influenced, -as many suggest...	0:29:40	0:29:44
-..by Russia trying to influence -the US Election.	0:29:44	0:29:48
-I'm 100% sure that Russia had -no influence on events in Veles...	0:29:49	0:29:54
-..or Macedonia.	0:29:54	0:29:56
-Rumours could have spread that one -individual had made money from this.	0:29:57	0:30:03
-That news would have reached -his friends.	0:30:03	0:30:06
-Have you heard from Mr Trump?	0:30:10	0:30:11
-Have you heard from Mr Trump? - -No, but he might need us...	0:30:11	0:30:14
-..for the next election.	0:30:14	0:30:16
-..for the next election. - -Thank you very much. Thank you.	0:30:16	0:30:19
-I've spoken to those involved -with fake news in Veles.	0:30:25	0:30:30
-Talk to them about Donald Trump and -they rub their hands and laugh...	0:30:30	0:30:34
-..but they won't be interviewed.	0:30:34	0:30:36
-Hardly anyone -wanted to speak openly.	0:30:37	0:30:40
-Can you talk to us about Veles?	0:30:40	0:30:43
-They know, that despite not -breaking any laws in Macedonia...	0:30:46	0:30:49
-..if they operated -in other countries...	0:30:50	0:30:53
-..they would attract -legal attention.	0:30:53	0:30:57
-Some young people were happy -to share their experiences...	0:30:57	0:31:01
-..of what's happened here.	0:31:01	0:31:03
-Do you know people who do fake news?	0:31:03	0:31:05
-Do you know people who do fake news? - -Yes, yes.	0:31:05	0:31:07
-They make a lot of money.	0:31:07	0:31:09
-Youngsters are well aware -of the situation.	0:31:09	0:31:13
-They know precisely how it works.	0:31:13	0:31:16
-What sort of fake stories -do they tell?	0:31:16	0:31:19
-Various about politics.	0:31:20	0:31:23
-About celebrities.	0:31:23	0:31:25
-They do it out of fun -but mainly for money.	0:31:28	0:31:32
-According to -the international press...	0:31:32	0:31:35
-..male teenagers -create the fake stories.	0:31:35	0:31:38
-These girls know it's an industry -which offers equal opportunities.	0:31:38	0:31:44
-Girls, boys?	0:31:44	0:31:46
-Average people, ordinary people.	0:31:46	0:31:49
-Girls and boys?	0:31:49	0:31:51
-Yes.	0:31:51	0:31:53
-What are they going to do next? -Trump is old news.	0:31:53	0:31:56
-With celebrities, singers, actors.	0:31:59	0:32:03
-I heard yesterday...	0:32:05	0:32:07
-..that Miley Cyrus was killed -in her apartment.	0:32:09	0:32:13
-Like every industry, -the world of fake news must adapt.	0:32:18	0:32:21
-Donald Trump -and right-wing politics...	0:32:22	0:32:24
-..have so far generated -the profits and headlines.	0:32:24	0:32:28
-Left-wing politics and European -Elections are also getting involved.	0:32:28	0:32:33
-From what I've seen here...	0:32:33	0:32:35
-..Veles' fakers are turning their -sight to the world of celebrity.	0:32:35	0:32:39
-That's where we turn next -with our special experiment...	0:32:43	0:32:47
-..to see how far -we can spread fake news.	0:32:47	0:32:50
-News of Sian Lloyd's love life...	0:32:50	0:32:53
-..was published on Gareth Thomas' -Twitter page some time ago.	0:32:53	0:32:59
-There has been a lot of interest.	0:32:59	0:33:02
-Someone's written, "Gareth, you -tease, spill the beans. Who is it?"	0:33:02	0:33:07
-For some reason...	0:33:08	0:33:10
-..lots of people think I'm having -an affair with Gavin Henson.	0:33:10	0:33:15
-This is fantastic. "If it's Alex -Cuthbert, he'll probably drop her."	0:33:20	0:33:25
-As well as the general public...	0:33:27	0:33:29
-..journalists have reacted -by contacting Sian's agent.	0:33:30	0:33:34
-"We've heard a rumour -that Sian Lloyd has got engaged..	0:33:34	0:33:38
-"..to a famous Welsh sports star.	0:33:39	0:33:41
-"Are you able to confirm -whether this is true?	0:33:41	0:33:44
-"Do you have further information -you can publicly reveal?"	0:33:44	0:33:49
-We have one of the country's -main newspaper groups on the case.	0:33:50	0:33:56
-The story is gathering momentum.	0:33:57	0:33:59
-I contacted Elena Cresci -in The Guardian's newsroom.	0:34:00	0:34:05
-I spoke to our fake news expert...	0:34:06	0:34:09
-..before things -spiralled out of control.	0:34:09	0:34:13
-Well, the original tweet -had 70 likes.	0:34:13	0:34:19
-Some newsrooms have contacted -Sian's agent about the story.	0:34:20	0:34:26
-We know of at least one...	0:34:26	0:34:28
-..and we know of two newsrooms -that have seen the story.	0:34:29	0:34:33
-As broadcasters, -we have to be responsible.	0:34:33	0:34:36
-We can't push it further.	0:34:36	0:34:38
-If we did, -what would be the next step?	0:34:38	0:34:42
-The first problem -is the story's topic.	0:34:42	0:34:46
-There is a reason that these -fake news sites in Macedonia...	0:34:46	0:34:51
-..chose stories about Donald Trump -and Hillary Clinton.	0:34:51	0:34:55
-The election in America -was an emotive subject.	0:34:55	0:35:00
-We see the same with stories -that are Islamophobic.	0:35:00	0:35:06
-We've done most of this story -on Twitter.	0:35:07	0:35:11
-More people are on Facebook...	0:35:11	0:35:14
-..but it's difficult -to share something like this...	0:35:14	0:35:19
-..from a small Facebook page...	0:35:19	0:35:22
-..and get it shared further.	0:35:22	0:35:25
-You need a huge Facebook page.	0:35:25	0:35:29
-How would you get one of -the Facebook pages you mentioned...	0:35:29	0:35:35
-..to generate their interest -in the story?	0:35:36	0:35:38
-We've seen popular Facebook pages -being bought...	0:35:38	0:35:44
-..by people who want to do this.	0:35:44	0:35:48
-They buy all the likes and change -the name of the Facebook page.	0:35:49	0:35:55
-What about the future of fake news?	0:35:56	0:35:58
-Where's it all going?	0:35:58	0:36:01
-I'm worried that more and more -people won't know what to believe...	0:36:01	0:36:06
-..and they'll believe -what they want to believe.	0:36:06	0:36:10
-That's officially -the end of the experiment.	0:36:12	0:36:15
-I can confirm that Sian Lloyd -isn't engaged to a rugby player...	0:36:16	0:36:20
-..but the fake news continues.	0:36:21	0:36:23
-Journalists across the world -are concerned about fake news.	0:36:24	0:36:29
-In Part 3, we'll look -at unique problems for Welsh news.	0:36:29	0:36:35
-We'll meet the man from Buckley -who got a million clicks...	0:36:35	0:36:39
-..for a story that stopped traffic.	0:36:39	0:36:41
-I hadn't intended to make it look -real but people thought it was.	0:36:42	0:36:46
-Over a million people read it -in 24 hours.	0:36:46	0:36:49
-First, some more stories -but which one is fake?	0:36:49	0:36:54
-We're discussing fake news.	0:36:57	0:37:00
-I'll read you a set of headlines. -These appeared on the Internet.	0:37:00	0:37:06
-Hefty fine for ignoring -'Do not knock' sign.	0:37:06	0:37:09
-Is that true?	0:37:09	0:37:10
-Is that true? - -No.	0:37:10	0:37:11
-Yeah, go on.	0:37:12	0:37:13
-Yeah, go on. - -No. Fake.	0:37:13	0:37:15
-It's true.	0:37:15	0:37:17
-Rio to ban cosmetic surgery... -for pets.	0:37:17	0:37:20
-Fake.	0:37:20	0:37:22
-Um... fake.	0:37:22	0:37:24
-Fake.	0:37:24	0:37:26
-It's true.	0:37:27	0:37:29
-Isis Leader Calls For American -Muslim Voters To Support Hillary.	0:37:29	0:37:33
-I don't think so.	0:37:34	0:37:35
-Fake.	0:37:35	0:37:36
-No.	0:37:37	0:37:38
-No. - -Fake.	0:37:38	0:37:39
-Fake. Correct.	0:37:39	0:37:41
-You spotted one but not the others. -How do you feel?	0:37:41	0:37:44
-Disappointed.	0:37:44	0:37:46
-.	0:37:47	0:37:47
-According to Dylan Iorwerth, -there are obvious dangers.	0:39:55	0:39:58
-What's become more of a problem -for me...	0:39:59	0:40:01
-..is seeing more and more people -willing to peddle lies.	0:40:02	0:40:06
-There are those who believe -that their job...	0:40:06	0:40:09
-..is to defend their interests -whatever the consequences...	0:40:09	0:40:13
-..as long as it exonerates them -at the time.	0:40:14	0:40:17
-That leads to an increase -in fake news stories.	0:40:17	0:40:22
-They think that it's OK to do it -if people will believe you.	0:40:22	0:40:27
-You can't deny that the desire for -money is at the root of many things.	0:40:27	0:40:32
-You can make money -from publishing fake news.	0:40:32	0:40:36
-One answer would be -to expand Welsh journalism.	0:40:37	0:40:41
-Lecturer Ifan Morgan Jones -is raising money...	0:40:41	0:40:44
-..to fund an online English-language -news service for Wales.	0:40:44	0:40:49
-The idea is to provide -a not-for-profit news service...	0:40:50	0:40:56
-..which is funded by voluntary -donations, advertisements...	0:40:57	0:41:02
-..and people writing voluntarily -for the website...	0:41:02	0:41:06
-..and contributing what they can.	0:41:06	0:41:08
-I hope the website can grow into -a worthwhile journalistic resource.	0:41:08	0:41:12
-If we all rely on Facebook bubbles -for our news...	0:41:13	0:41:17
-..where we only see views -that suit us...	0:41:17	0:41:20
-..according to Ifan, future debates -will become more divisive.	0:41:20	0:41:25
-The recent fall-out about Ysgol -Llangennech is evidence of that.	0:41:25	0:41:30
-This was Llangennech -back in February.	0:41:31	0:41:33
-A protest against closing -the school's English stream...	0:41:34	0:41:37
-..to turn it into a Welsh-medium -school from September.	0:41:38	0:41:42
-There was a Facebook page opposing -the changes in Llangennech.	0:41:43	0:41:47
-The members were reiterating each -other's opposition to the changes.	0:41:48	0:41:55
-Previously, this conversation would -have happened on a social level...	0:41:55	0:42:00
-..within the community.	0:42:00	0:42:02
-People would have heard opposite -views to theirs in the community...	0:42:02	0:42:07
-..and they might not have been -so opposed to the changes.	0:42:07	0:42:10
-Even discussions about -local politics are changing...	0:42:11	0:42:15
-..because of global influences.	0:42:15	0:42:17
-Here's one final story, a preview -of what could happen in the future.	0:42:18	0:42:23
-Yes, this really did happen.	0:42:24	0:42:26
-Even humorous websites -are being dragged into the debate.	0:42:27	0:42:31
-Lots of people have set up websites -to poke fun...	0:42:31	0:42:35
-..but people read them without -realising that it's all a joke.	0:42:35	0:42:40
-Ben is one -who's already taken that step.	0:42:41	0:42:44
-He set up a humorous website -called Warped Wales.	0:42:44	0:42:47
-The purpose of it was to make -as many people laugh as possible...	0:42:48	0:42:53
-..to take what's topical in the area -or wider...	0:42:53	0:42:57
-..and to mix a bit of humour -into it as well.	0:42:57	0:43:00
-A bit of irony and sarcasm -and people have really taken to it.	0:43:00	0:43:05
-Some people don't see the joke and -share the articles as news stories.	0:43:05	0:43:12
-My intentions were to make it -openly funny from the outset.	0:43:13	0:43:16
-I didn't want to deceive anyone -into thinking it was real.	0:43:17	0:43:20
-I soon realised that it -didn't matter what I write...	0:43:21	0:43:24
-..somebody somewhere -will think it's real.	0:43:24	0:43:27
-It doesn't matter -how absurd it is...	0:43:27	0:43:29
-..there is somebody -who will think it's real.	0:43:29	0:43:32
-There was a story about Donald -Trump setting up a points system...	0:43:32	0:43:37
-..for accepting people -from different countries.	0:43:37	0:43:41
-I wrote a story -about setting up a system...	0:43:41	0:43:44
-..for accepting shoppers -from Wrexham.	0:43:44	0:43:46
-I wanted to limit -how many people from Wrexham...	0:43:46	0:43:50
-..were coming into the city.	0:43:50	0:43:52
-Somebody put, "I wanted to go -to B&M in Chester on Saturday.	0:43:52	0:43:56
-"How can -I get around this visa thing?"	0:43:56	0:43:59
-What? Are you serious?!	0:43:59	0:44:00
-One story Ben wrote last year -was read over a million times.	0:44:01	0:44:06
-It created a stir.	0:44:06	0:44:09
-The article claimed that a Pokemon -GO battle had broken out on the M56.	0:44:09	0:44:15
-Because of the way -I'd written the headline...	0:44:15	0:44:18
-..I hadn't intended to make it look -real, but people thought it was.	0:44:18	0:44:23
-People were avoiding the M56...	0:44:23	0:44:26
-..because they thought -there was a lot of congestion...	0:44:26	0:44:30
-..because of this Pokemon GO battle.	0:44:30	0:44:33
-People were reporting it -on the radio.	0:44:33	0:44:35
-In hindsight I realised -that it looked real on social media.	0:44:36	0:44:42
-It has also exposed a group -of Internet users...	0:44:42	0:44:45
-..in Wales and across the UK...	0:44:45	0:44:48
-..that won't fact check, they won't -look into things properly.	0:44:48	0:44:54
-They will share things -at face value.	0:44:54	0:44:57
-It's had a positive effect -because people are interested...	0:44:57	0:45:01
-..in reading the content -because they find it funny...	0:45:02	0:45:05
-..but it has exposed the way -that people use the Internet.	0:45:05	0:45:09
-For the short time I've been -away from the news desk...	0:45:11	0:45:14
-..I've been surprised by the scale -and complexity of fake news.	0:45:14	0:45:18
-It includes articles written -by youngsters in Macedonia...	0:45:19	0:45:23
-..to try and grab American -interest and advertising clicks...	0:45:24	0:45:28
-..along with jokes from Wales -which confuse one or a million.	0:45:28	0:45:33
-This world is growing -and becoming more complex...	0:45:33	0:45:37
-..as technology becomes simpler -and easier to use.	0:45:37	0:45:41
-If you want to become -a journalist these days...	0:45:43	0:45:46
-..all you need is a mobile phone -and the Internet.	0:45:46	0:45:50
-You can then broadcast to the world.	0:45:50	0:45:52
-Democratising the news is exciting -offering new opportunities in Wales.	0:45:52	0:45:57
-It all goes hand in hand -with an explosion in fake news.	0:45:57	0:46:01
-There's nothing new in trying -to influence news content...	0:46:01	0:46:06
-..and there are financial gains -for writing lies.	0:46:07	0:46:10
-It's difficult -for large technology companies...	0:46:11	0:46:14
-..to stay ahead of the fakers.	0:46:14	0:46:16
-There are big changes afoot...	0:46:23	0:46:25
-..but the work of collecting -and presenting news continues.	0:46:25	0:46:30
-If you don't know who to trust...	0:46:30	0:46:33
-..new faces and brands -might be a welcome change.	0:46:33	0:46:37
-Next, a look at some of the stories -outside Wales.	0:46:38	0:46:41
-S4C Subtitles by Adnod Cyf.	0:47:25	0:47:27
-.	0:47:28	0:47:28

Newyddion Ffug: Beth yw'r Gwir?

Similar Content

Factual

News

Transcript

Download Subtitles

SRT

ASS