EU Referendum BBC News Special

Good evening and welcome to BBC News.

A momentous day in the tissue history. -- British history.

The UK has chosen to come out of the European Union,

setting the country on a different path to the one it's known

There have been scenes of jubilation among the Leave campaign,

together with calls for calm before the complicated process begins

Just hours after the result, David Cameron announced he would be

stepping down and that he expected to be replaced as PM by the Autumn.

There's no indication yet as to who the next inhabitant

The referendum result was close but decisive.

The turnout was high - just over 72%.

Our first report is from our political editor Laura Kuenssberg.

David Cameron, a lucky politicians, whose luck just

A vote he offered on our place in the world, a vote he lost.

I was absolutely clear about my belief that

Britain is stronger, safer and better off inside the

But the British people have made a very clear decision to take a

different path, and as such, I think the country requires fresh

leadership to take it in this direction.

I will do everything I can as Prime Minister

to steady the ship over the

coming weeks and months but I do not think it

would be right for me to

try to be the captain that steers our country

A defeat so big the consequences so complex, the Prime Minister and

maybe his family too, have had enough.

I've said before that Britain can survive outside the European Union

Now the decision has been made to leave, we need

I love this country and I feel honoured to have served it.

I will do everything I can in future to

But as that door close, what lies next?

Boris Johnson, whose decision to push the

Out campaign, gave it pulling power that might have made the difference.

He walked into hostility, not a victory parade as

The winning side, a campaign office, not

a Whitehall address but maybe two wannabe primes.

Michael Gove and Boris Johnson, eager to praise their friend and

rival, David Cameron, and mark the scale

To those who may be anxious, whether at home

mean that the United Kingdom will be in any way less united, nor indeed

does it mean that it will be any less European.

And I want to speak to the millions of people, directly

to the millions of people, who did not vote for this outcome,

involves pulling up a draw bridge or any

kind of isolationism, as I think

As we move forward we should be in no

doubt that Britain is embarking on a new chapter but one that is in

Now, we have a new chance to extend that

We can build a new, stronger and a more positive

relationship with our European neighbours based on free trade and

It was nearly 5am before the result was final.

The British people have spoken, the answer is we are out.

But an early push for out in Sunderland, had given a taste of

Across the north of England in market and coastal towns votes to

Wales chose out too, only sad faces for

Remain-held London, Scotland and Northern Ireland.

From tears to cheers they had been waiting so long

to race, Nigel Farage, the first party leader

It is a victory for ordinary, decent people.

A victory against the big merchant banks and big businesses

I'm proud of everybody that had the courage in

the face of the threats, all that they were

guts to stand up and do the right thing.

As the Prime Minister said he was off, doubts spread

Corbyn, what is your reaction to the prime minister resigning?

Awkward, he now face as vote of confidence.

The unions back him but

many MPs believe he hung back rather than campaign hard.

I campaigned the length and the breadth of the country on a party

position to support remaining in Europe,

recognising the deficiencies in the European Union, if tonight

I made the points about jobs, environment protection.

But Remain smiles in Scotland could lead to another split as they

warned with England choosing out and Scotland in,

the SNP is calling for another vote on Scottish independence.

It is a statement of the obvious, that the option of a second

referendum must be on the table and it is on the table.

People are coming to Westminster to witness this day, perhaps to make

In the last 24 hours we have decided to leave

an institution that has been part of the fabric

As a result, the Prime Minister resigned.

There will be someone else in charge in Number Ten

from the autumn and some of Labour's MPs are trying to force their

leader, Jeremy Corbyn to walk away too.

The First Minister of Scotland, Nicola Sturgeon, has said there must

be a second referendum on the other union,

the one between Scotland and the rest of the UK.

It's not so much that this result has turned politics

upside down but it shattered the established conventions.

This flag will become a British souvenir,

this one, the common standard.

But our decision might trigger so much change, we may watch

for years before the banner is final.

The success of the Leave campaign was in part due to the strong vote

They beat the Remain camp by a margin of 6%.

Jon Kay travelled from Stamford in Lincolnshire to Dudley

in the West Midlands and spoke to voters who mostly backed Leave.

There's been a market in Stamford for hundreds of years

As traders set up, the UK's place in Europe was being dismantled.

We are Great Britain, that is what we do.

We've been around a long time, we will sort it out,

In this rural community 06% voted Leave, like Robin,

he is certain he is trading with Europe and it will not change.

If we are buying 20% of products they will not turn around and say

But as news came in that the financial markets were tumbling,

market trader Bob was getting worried.

Your pension pots, investments, ISAs, that will take

8.20am, the Prime Minister resigns...

Tracy cannot believe what is happening.

I thought he would stay and help us all to work out what we need to do

From Stamford to Dudley in the West Midlands,

traditionally, Labour, nearly 70% voted Leave.

Look at the schools, people cannot get kids in schools

Some here concerned about the focus on immigration, like Valerie.

But in the Polish Delhi, Christina is not worried.

She came here five years ago and works as a welder.

Nobody is coming in here to tell me back to Poland.

He said he feels betrayed by the older people voting to leave.

I am shaking, this is the biggest change of my generation.

It will impact our lives when we grow up.

It will change education, everything.

Normally it is difficult to get people to discuss people

with regards politics on camera but today everyone was prepared

Our chief correspondent is with us. Pity, a huge decision in the history

of this country. A difficult one for the ruling party, bearing in mind it

is so split, in order to have to do with this challenge. We are in

uncharted territory, no one has done this before, no one really knows how

this will pan out. There is the option of we have two scenarios

painted join the campaign. One was pretty cataclysmic, about the

economic repercussions what would happen to income in taxes. The other

one was a positive of what life would be like outside the European

Union, everything will be fine, and we don't know which of those two or

something in between will happen. And it will happen in a very slow

way. It could take years. Meanwhile, what happens to ordinary politics?

What happens to health policy, education policy? We don't know. It

is difficult to imagine that will even get an airing. Along with the

leadership contest. We've got split between the Labour Party as well,

the suggestion that they should be a vote of confidence in the leader. Is

that going to get any kind of traction, given the support, at

grassroots level, that Jeremy Corbyn has the party level. There is the

possible to you the general action may be within the next year because

of the Conservatives have a new leader, we are very early on in this

Parliament, they may feel they have to get their own mandate to govern,

when you have only been chosen by a small group of people that would be

unstable. They look at what happened in the North of England and their

fear is that what happened to Labour in Scotland is happening in the

North of England but this time they have Ukip snapping at their heels.

They are looking around. One former Shadow Cabinet member said we can

either drift on into oblivion or we have to stand up and do something

about it and that is what Monday will be about. There maybe this no

confident notion and then you might see someone coming forward to

challenge during Corbyn. The Labour Party members are the ones that have

to elect the new leader and he still has incredible support. Some of them

think he may think, actually, someone else can do it. That would

know either, alongside the fact that the Tory party will be about to

elect the new Prime Minister, to reason me, Boris Johnson? We are in

a very fluid situation. We have left the EU and the Prime Minister has

resigned, not one here has ever seen a day like this in British politics.

Leaders across the European Union say they regret the British

vote to leave, appealing for calm and stability.

But what of our geographically closest ally France?

With us now in Paris is Hugh Schofield.

What is the reaction from the lycee Palace? Well, he is aghast, of

course he is. Taken by surprise. I don't think they predicted this and

when the news came in this morning, he, like the lot of other European

leaders, must have felt the world was shifting on its axis. It is

built worst possible news for a president who is already having a

pretty appalling time of it because of various other factors. He has had

twice as meetings today with a Cabinet and has come up with a

statement in which he has reaffirmed what we expected him to re-firm,

that he has taken stock of the British decision, he has said the

two parties need to move forward quickly to disengage and so on. But

he has also done what I think all European Union leaders have to do,

which is to repeat and say again that they recognise there is a

problem at the heart of Europe and that they see this and that they are

going to do something about it. So, we can expect in the next few days

and particularly at the summit next week more of this kind of language

from Junker etc saying, look, we know there is a problem, it is not

just them British have a problem with the tabloid press. We know

there is a problem and we are going to do something about it. That is

all very well, sceptics will say it is also the classic reaction which

we have heard every time after every crisis, going back ten or 15 years

now. Every time they talk about the new deepening or a new verve or a

new initiative or a new return to values, rebuilding, it doesn't add

up too much at all and the weak fear is that this is what is going to

happen again and the British departure will Harold yet more and

worse problems for the rest of the European Union.

Today there was dismay and shock in Berlin,

as the referendum result robbed Germany of its most

Our correspondent Jenny Hill is in Berlin.

I've spent a lot of today in the German parliament today and I have

to say there is a real sense of widespread shock and disbelief. That

is at the highest level. No one really expected this decision. Even

Angela Merkel, the German Chancellor, appeared visibly shaken

when she gave a statement early on responding to the British decision

to leave the EU. She expressed deep regret but at the same time she was

rather defined. She said that this country's Second World War history

means it has the responsible team to ensure the success of the European

Union and that is why she has said she has invited the leaders of

France and Italy to Berlin on Monday for further talks. We don't yet know

how I hope of mud will respond to the loss of what is in effect its

most significant political ally within the EU. But we are getting

only dictations from a number of senior MPs that they are not going

to give written an easy time as it negotiates its exit. One man said to

me today it will not get special treatment and another said there

will be consequences. That is because there is a real fear in

Berlin that if Britain is given too many concessions as it leaves, other

EU states with growing Eurosceptic populations may follow it to the

exit door. Is also a difficult balance to strike because German

industry is very concerned. Germany and Britain had a significant

economic relationship and already today, senior economist and business

leaders have come out and said there must be no barriers to future

bilateral trade relationships. Very difficult times ahead. The German

Foreign Minister said this is a very sad day both for Great Britain and

for Europe. In the past hour, the President

of the European Commission, Jean-Claude Juncker,

has called for Europeans to be reasonable when

negotiating the Brexit. Let's turn to Matthew Amroliwala

who's in Brussels. Shock, sorrow, anger, fear. It has

been a day of extraordinary people. You are getting a flavour there from

Berlin, from Paris, exacted the same here in Brussels. Let's speak to

James Reynolds who is here with me. The day they never really thought

they would get two. Where on earth do we go from here? They've got to

look of the rules they put in place a few years ago and as you said they

never thought I would have to do this. In all of the years that the

European project was going, they assumed that once you join, you do

not get. They are essentially looking at divorce proceedings. The

problems they have is that there are no mediators. The divorcing parties

have to sorted out between themselves when David Cameron comes

here next week. He will be booted out the next day and the European

leaders will decide how to negotiate. That will be

extraordinary. You have the problem of contagion and that is the real

concern. The whole thing is that Britain wasn't just the only your

brisket to country. There are lots of other populations which have deep

concerns about these buildings behind us, France, Austria, Italy, a

lot of the Scandinavian countries as well. A lot of the European leaders

are worried about negotiating with Britain and they are worried about

the future of the European Union itself. And the people in these

corridors, having frantic meetings today, do they have an idea about

what the future relationship between Britain and the EU will look like?

We don't know for sure but we have been looking at several leaks that

have come out. One from Germany suggest that Germany might want an

association with Britain. From Britain's point of view, that might

be potentially very good but the balance the EU is tried come out is

that it might want to do a good trade agreement with Britain but on

the other hand, it doesn't want to encourage others to get such a good

deal that they also want their exit folks. Thank you for that analysis.

The 43 years, this organisation has been growing, the European project

that James was talking about but in an instant, the relationship is

fundamentally recast. That will dominate in the months and years

ahead. Back to you. Barack Obama has said he respects

the country's decision to leave. He praised David Cameron,

and said the UK's special relationship with the

United States would endure. A few hours ago, I spoke with Prime

Minister David Cameron. David has been an outstanding friend and

partner on the global stage. Based on our conversation, I am confident

that the UK is committed to an orderly transition out of the EU. We

agreed that our teams will remain in close contact as we stay focused on

financial ability and economic growth. I spoke to Chancellor Merkel

of Germany and we agreed that the European states and our European

allies will work close together in the weeks and months ahead. I do

think that yesterday's boat speaks to the ongoing changes and

challenges raised by globalisation. But while the UK's relationship with

the EU will change, one thing that will not change is the special

relationship that exists between our two nations. That will endure. The

EU will remain one of our indispensable partners, our native

alliance will remain focused on global security and in a few weeks,

we will bully meeting for the Nato summit. Our shared values, including

our commitment to democracy and opportunities for all people in a

globalised world, that will continue to unite all of us.

Let's get reaction from Laura Bicker in Washington.

The president there trying to sort of make it clear that the special

relationship will endure and that on a number of levels, things aren't

really going to change but he did make the point when he was over here

a few weeks ago that when it comes to cutting a trade deal with the US,

this country, the UK, it will be at the back of the queue. That is

right. This is not the result that the Obama Administration had hoped

for. It is certainly not the result that he had helped campaign for in

that extraordinary foray into British politics just a few weeks

ago where that speech, alongside David Cameron, he told Britain that

they may be at the back of the queue when it came to trade deals and that

he was worried about security. Today, he has softened his language

and has tried to calm but Waters and has talked about continuity.

Obviously, the markets are jittery, to say the least, that -- there have

been messages from the US Treasury saying they have prepared for this

and they have been in talks for weeks in case of Brexit. He is

trying to calm the waters in terms of security as well. They say there

will still be sharing of information between the EU, UK and the US, when

it comes security. It is clear in the statement this morning and in

the one this afternoon that he is praising the UK's Rolin Nato, he

says we will work together to try to continue to battle the so-called

Islamic State grip. But when it comes to continuity, he is tried to

make it clear that they'll will still be a relationship with the UK.

How that will play at will be interesting but he is also reaching

out to the EU as well. Both his calls went David Cameron and two

Angela Merkel, he is making sure that he says here in the we are

tried to keep calm, we will see what the fallout is and we will see what

part we can play in it but while you sort this out, do it in the easiest

way possible. We are going to cross to Northern Ireland now. We heard

the Deputy First Minister Martin McGuinness called for a referendum

vote on a united Ireland. That is not going to happen, is it? The

Secretary of State, Theresa Villiers, has ruled that out. In

order to call that referendum you do need be in a position where you

actually have some evidence that it would be likely to get carried and

the reality is that isn't the case at the moment. However, it does show

that there are strong feelings about this and certainly Irish republicans

are looking across the water at Scotland and perhaps seeing an

opportunity in this. Other people save the opportunity is a result of

what's happened today, the First Minister of Northern Ireland has

been talking about business here and saying that she accepts there will

be challenges ahead but they could also be opportunities. But when you

talk to people in business in places like this, this is Newry, this is a

border town, and these busy roads you see going through, a lot of them

carried cross-border traffic, Newry is sitting between Belfast and

Dublin and that has been in the past in a very good position to try and

get business. The brevity is it doesn't know what is going to happen

to that border and that is the concern for lots of people here

because the idea that you could have customs checkpoint back on the

border or extra security, as was suggested by some in this Reverend

campaign, they really don't know what that will mean. You do have

people starting to weigh up the consequences of the referendum.

There is one thing that is already starting to happen and it is quite

interesting, people in Northern Ireland currently have the right to

hold two passports, they can have an Irish passport and a British

passport. Today, there has been a run of applications for Irish

passports, they will remain EU passports. That has happened in

nationalist and in unionist areas. People are starting to big about

what this reverend might mean and in this part of the UK, it really is

going to have some sort of impact. You can say that again. Thank you.

We will have much more on this momentous day. Stay with us. But

now, time for a look at the weather. And up and down weekend to come.

Funny for some, wet for others. Most of us good spells of sunshine and

heavy downpours. Notably heavy downpours across the North. Scotland

with torrential showers. Elsewhere, the showers fading away. Some will

keep you going, particularly those in the North West and Wales. Fresher

tonight. The crew launch but some sunshine to be had first thing in

the morning. -- a cool dawn. Heavy, slow moving downpours again. If you

stay dry on Friday, you might see a downpour on Saturday and vice versa.

The unsettled scene continues into the early part of next week where we

will see some rain at times. This is BBC News.

The headlines at 8.30pm: -- you are watching a special BBC

news programme with me, Clive Majri. -- you are watching a special BBC

news programme with me, Clive Myrie. A moment of history as the UK votes

to leave the European Union. There was jubilation among

the millions who voted to come out of the EU

after more than four decades. David Cameron, who campaigned hard

to remain in the EU, has announced he is stepping down

as Prime Minister. He says fresh leadership is needed

to negotiate the UK's exit. A leading figure in the Exit

campaign, Boris Johnson, paid tribute to the outgoing

Prime Minister but hailed the Leave victory as providing a "glorious

opportunity" for Britain. On the markets, British bank shares

lost nearly a third of their value There have been warnings that petrol

prices are likely to rise because of the pound's fall

against the dollar. And there are questions

for the future of the UK too, as Nicola Sturgeon used Scotland's

overwhelming vote to remain to raise the possibility of another

referendum on Scottish independence. So the result was relatively close,

the turnout high, and the regional Our correspondent Christian Fraser

has been taking a closer look Let's take an in-depth look at those

numbers in greater detail. Over 28 million votes cast

on Thursday, turnout 73%. They did think a high turnout

would be good for Remain. The total number of eligible voters

was 46.5 million, the turnout was 72.2%, the biggest turnout in a

national vote since 1992. They thought a bigger turnout in the

election would be good news for Remain, but not in England. 53.4%

for Remain. Different in Scotland, of course. No question over the

result, lower turnout but overwhelmingly remain. In Edinburgh

it was 74% in favour. A different story in Wales. A big turnout but

only five of the 22 voting areas going for Remain. Rounded up it was

the same result as England, Cardiff was Remain but Swansea was a

Mannheim. And a sizeable and vote for Remain especially in the areas

along the border in Northern Ireland -- Swansea was Remain. The bookies

got it wrong because they did not understand what was going of London.

Look at this area, all blue in traditional Labour supporting areas.

Boston in Lincolnshire, the highest vote for Leave in the country, not

at Labour seat, but a Tory one this time, and according to the 2011

census, home to the highest population of Eastern European

migrants anywhere in England and Wales. Down here, Great Yarmouth, a

Ukip mayor, again one of the top five Remain votes in the country,

over 70% wanting out. We have there showed you the nationwide split

between England and Scotland. What about the generational beside? Far

to early to give a definitive analysis but this poll yesterday

conducted suggested 27% of 18 to 25 your olds wanted to leave compared

to 33% -- 73% wanting to stay in Europe. As people get older it

starts to swing the other way. For those over 65 it suggests 60% wanted

to leave EU. The outcome of the EU Referendum

shocked financial markets. As counting took place overnight,

and the Leave vote started to emerge as victorious,

the pound fell to levels At one stage, it fell

by more than 10%. By early afternoon, it had

partially recovered, but was still nearly 8% down

on the day. So let's get an insight

into the bigger picture of how leaving the EU

will affect our economy. Charles Read is an economic

commentator for The Economist. It is good to see you. Thank you for

being with us. Firstly, you are an expert on these matters, but the

public did not care about the voice of experts, did it? Why do you think

that was? That is a very good question and that is a question many

economistss and many people around the world are asking themselves

today. Everyone from Barack Obama to the IMF to many academics in this

country and abroad warned a Leave vote would be bad for the economy

and they were ignored. Why did they ignore the economic establishment?

Partly this vote is a rebellion against the establishment and you

are seeing this across the whole world. You are seeing this in the

popularity of Donald Trump in America, in the rise of populist

movements around the European continent, and you are seeing it in

the rise of Ukip are the last General Election, so this is even

trend which appears to be here to stay for us. Why did they ignore

economic commentators? Well, there are possibly many reasons why they

have possibly because they thought economic, did as did not understand

the issues which mattered to them. OK, and perhaps they also thought

people like you might get it wrong, but we have seen the pound crashed

today, we have seen stocks wiped off the FTSE 100, particularly banking

shares and their construction and housing. None of that is a surprise

to you? None of it is a surprise and it is going to get worse. The pound

will fall further and as uncertainty over the next Prime Minister will

last for a few months, and the deal about leaving the EU will be

unsettled for the next two or three years, perhaps, the pound will fall

further, and a lot of damage due to the uncertainty about investing in

Britain, the uncertainty in financial markets, it will damage

the UK economy. Most commentators are cutting their GDP forecasts to

about zero for next year and there is a real risk of recession for the

next year or two. All right, but what those who voted Leave would say

is that, yes, there would be a short-term shock, but that will be

short-term, we all understood that. The pound will find its level, find

the floor, then everything will be OK. Is that if fair assumption to

make? It cheaper pound will help some exporters, but far more people

in Britain are consumers rather than producers, and is cheaper pound will

mean that imports get more expensive, going on foreign holidays

will be more expensive, and more people will lose from having a very

cheap pounds and will gain from having a cheap pound, and therefore

that is one of the reasons why leaving the EU will do so much

damage to the economy and the following out-mac will do so much

damage to the economy. Thank you. Charles, thank you so much for

coming in. Now that the vote has happened

and Britian will leave the EU, Our legal affairs correspondent

Clive Coleman explains the process. Well, of course everyone wants

to know what will happen - what's the process,

what's the timescale? Now this is unchartered territory

both for the EU and for the UK. It is all contained within Article

50 of the Treaty on European Union, and it's only been around since 2009

- it has never been tested. But what it says is essentially this

- that once the UK Prime Minister has informed the President

of the European Council of the intention of the UK to leave,

a clock starts ticking, Within that two years,

there is the opportunity to negotiate what is essentially

a basic divorce settlement. That will take on board things

like a precise time the UK leaves, what happens for instance to UK MPs

who are at the European Parliament, what happens to UK civil servants

working for EU institutions, I think where people are perhaps

misguided or misinformed is that somehow within that two-year period,

everything is going to be sorted out, including a trade deal,

a deal on the movement of people. What we know, and it certainly

would be great if that was sorted out within that period,

but trade deals can take decades, and so there is absolutely no

guarantee that at the end of that two-year period we will have more

than the basic divorce document, if you like, and then we will have

to continue negotiating for a trade deal, a deal

on the movement of goods. Of course, if there is no

agreement after two years, the two years can be extended,

but only if all 27 member states So it could perhaps be extended even

for another year, but certainly as the Article 50 stands,

once the two years has run and it has ended, if there is no agreement,

then the UK simply ceases to become a member of the EU,

and would have to negotiate with the EU, like any other

third-party country who would be negotiating under the World Trade

Organisation terms and conditions. So that is the process,

that the timeline, but it is shrouded in a lot

of uncertainty because it is untried That was Clive Coleman on that

process on leaving the European Union. How did the vote she popped

across the English regions? -- shape up across.

It's clear that the Midlands was something of a Brexit

stronghold, with 29 out of 30 areas voting in favour of leaving.

Our reporter Ben Godfrey has been speaking to people

in the Black Country, where two out of three

I'm happy - it's been the best day of my life today.

Kay Crampton says she has no job and no council house,

and blames immigration, so - no doubts - she voted

These people are coming here to work.

These immigrants have their own families in Tipton and Princes End.

Well, if you watch the documentaries, they use our money

to take back to their own country so they can have better lives...

This is Union Street in Princes End, where it is a struggle to find

those who believe in a political union with Europe.

I voted out because, basically, it's an immigration thing really.

You know, all these immigrants and them, taking our stuff.

I don't believe in what the Government is doing -

A decade ago this area saw the rise of the BNP.

It was divisive, but they found support from the largely

The EU referendum came along with another voice on immigration.

Ukip's Nigel Farage brought his battle bus

to the Black Country on the campaign trail.

That should be a British passport, but the first two words

Actually according to the 2011 census, around one in 20 people

in Sandwell were from other EU countries.

Christophe from Poland told me he had been working for six

He believes immigrants help fill the skills gap.

I have seen many English people will come to work, come in for two,

come in for two, three hours, then back home,

because the money is no good, the job is too hard,

The Polish shop nearby does a brisk trade.

Monica told me she is fully contributing to society.

I have worked here 11 years and paid the tax and everything,

and I have the kids as well, and the last one, he was born

Princes End may be small, but these estates are now shaping

In stark contrast with much of the rest of England,

London voted overwhelmingly in favour of remaining in the UK.

In Lambeth, 79% of voters rejected a Brexit -

the strongest Remain vote in the mainland United Kingdom.

Our reporter Alice Bhandhukravi has been talking to them,

some of whom say today's result feels like a slap in the face.

Materials from Spain, from Italy, from Greece,

A man of stone, manufacturing granite and marble worktops,

but today he is definitely feeling the burden of Brexit.

They welcome me just kind of like, yes, you were my neighbour,

yes, I love you, and so on, and then, you know.

You feel empty, you feel like the spirit is not

In the Brazilian restaurant across the road, Maria,

who is about to become a British citizen, says London

It is kind of a slap in the face because London

For example, people that are English and they don't want to do such a job

as cleaning or manual labour, they are done by the immigrants.

NIGEL FARAGE: Let June the 23rd go down in our history

All eyes were on the Portuguese coverage of Brexit at the Estrella

cafe where the resounding feeling was one of uncertainty.

Most of us have family here, we are very established,

we don't know if it will affect us or not,

I have my residency so I am not worried about that.

I am worried about the country, I am worried that the country

I am worried about the country, I am worried about if the country

will be stronger or less strong after that.

But they are sure business is likely to be less strong

at Luso Wines next door, where everything

It will be bad for the business people. You are worried about the

currency issue when you import your wine from Portugal? Yes, the

currency. It will definitely be an anxious few months ahead as we all

get our heads around what Brexit means for us.

The pattern of voting varied widely across the different nations

Scotland - which voted overwhelmingly to stay

in the European Union - is now highly likely to face

Joining me now is or Scottish political editor Nick Eardley.

The First Minister of Scotland, Nicola Sturgeon, she said it is back

on the table. That is not the same as saying there is going to be

another referendum, though, is it? Absolutely. I think what she wanted

to do today was the exactly that. It is back on the table, it is

something we will consider, but that does not make it inevitable. In some

senses, what she said today will seem inevitable to some Scots,

because in the run-up to the election she said that if there was

some change in material circumstances, something that

changes the political situation in Scotland, she wanted the right to

call another referendum, but the keywords there are "The right to".

The SNP do not want to hold another referendum until they are absolutely

sure they will win it and in the run-up to that May election, senior

sources in the party said to me, they wanted to be 60% for six months

before they are sure they can call another vote that they will win. I

think in these unchartered political and economic waters we are entering

at the moment, it is hard to see exactly what is going to happen.

There are people in Scotland I have spoken to today who are angry, who

feel let down by the system, in Glasgow and Edinburgh today there

have been people out protesting, saying we support the EU, we support

positive immigration into the country, but we can't really tell

what will happen, can we? We do not know there will be economic shocks,

political changes. That might make people more or less likely to

support Scottish independence so, yes, I think it is firmly back on

the agenda, but whether that makes another referendum inevitable? Not

yet. One senses there has been a sense of betrayal, perhaps, for that

62% in Scotland who voted for Leave. They were told during the Scottish

referendum, if you want to stay in the European Union, vote to keep the

union with the United Kingdom. They perhaps feel they have been sold

down the river? Yellow I guess, and Nicola Sturgeon brought that up

today. That key argument of the Better Together campaign in 2014,

you can only secure your case in the EU -- place in the EU if you stay in

the United Kingdom. Ruth Davidson, the Scottish Conservative leader,

someone people will be far more familiar with after that debate on

Tuesday, she said that 62% vote for the EU, however, does not

necessarily equate to the support for independence, and I think you

will see debate over this in the next few months in Scotland, and,

you know, recent polls suggest Scotland is still a polarised

country when it comes to the question of independence. And there

is no guarantee, like I just said, in terms of economics and politics

of the future, that that will change. OK, Nick, thank you. The

different nations contained in the United Kingdom voted in different

ways. Whilst Scotland and Northern Ireland voted in favour of the

European Union, Wales ordered to leave. Our Welsh editor has the

story. Remember this day. This day is British Independence Day! They do

not look like much out in the rain on the streets of Newport, but more

than 850,000 people across Wales back the cause promoted by these

Vote Leave containers. Even for some die-hards it came as a surprise --

campaigners. But for many here it was the result of years of work.

Last night Wales voted for us to leave the EU, that is just a

fantastic result. It was not England pulling the rest of Britain out of

Europe, out of the EU, it was England and Wales. As we have seen

throughout the campaign, their message touched a nerve. You disgust

me... There was always a sense of the band of brothers taking on the

establishment with the Vote Leave campaign, and it generated

excitement and enthusiasm that, frankly, the other side failed to

match. They just could not make their greater size count and when

they did start campaigning, they were too late to the party. The most

prominent Vote Leave campaign and Wales was the leader of the Welsh

Conservatives, Andrew RT Davies. He says he was proud to play his part.

The beliefs and aspirations of what we were seeking to achieve were

magnified last night by the vote and the substantial vote to recast our

relationship with Europe, and I believe my team stuck to their

convictions, stuck loyally to me, and we have succeeded with a family

of activists that were in the Leave campaign. Their jubilation was in

stark contrast to downbeat news conference in Cardiff in which cad

Wyn Jones warned of job losses. He also refused to take responsible

before the result in Wales saying he did not choose the timing of the

referendum. But he admitted there was a disconnect between Labour

leaders and their heartland areas. Too many people in these communities

feel that politics and our economy has left them behind, and we have a

real task ahead to undo that sense of alienation. There was also a call

for stability from the leader of Plaid Cymru, Leanne Wood. In the

next phase now the chances are it could be even more difficult, unless

we are prepared to come together as politicians and as civic society in

Wales to make sure that our needs are fully understood by Westminster

and here. The result in Wales mirror that in England. Cardiff chose to

remain with the biggest majority, together with affluent areas like

the Vale of Glamorgan and Monmouthshire. And the Welsh

speaking areas like Gwyneth. The vote was split 48-52 here. Plaid

Cymru is strong here and from urged its supporters will ignite

supporters to vote Remain. Bangor 's population is diverse, with its

university. The director here says the future is uncertain. It would be

a great shame obviously is these opportunities are not available to

these kinds of areas in the future so again I hope that in whatever new

settlement comes, there will be the opportunities to obtain that kind of

funding for economically disadvantaged areas. But it was a

very different story in Blaenau Gwent, the most used get the area,

voting by 62-38 to leave. It was one of many former industrial

communities in the Labour heartland in the South Wales valleys to reject

Remain, despite receiving millions in EU funding. I think people are

trying to take control back from the Government, really. I think

basically, to get our country back, owned by ourselves and governed by

ourselves. I think there are too many immigrants coming into our

country and taking our jobs, you know. For many years Wales was

considered one of the most pro-EU places in the UK. Not any more.

Well it was the former Tory Justice Secretary who said a Leave would

leave David Cameron as toast. He called the referendum, he didn't

have to do it, it was at the time of his choosing, and failure means he

should step down. Shortly after 8 o'clock this morning

David Cameron walked out of the door of Number Ten to announce

he was stepping down It was an emotional speech -

he said while he will stay to 'steady the ship' over

the coming weeks and months, fresh leadership is needed

to negotiate the UK's An exit, of course, the Prime

minister did not want. Our deputy political editor

Jon Pienaar looks at David Cameron's time as Prime Minister

and who may now replace him. What is happening in Downing Street?

David Cameron has just resigned. And emotional moment? The Leave crowd

outside bid not mind a bit. They should get all this cleared away so

they can get straight in, big man in, little man out. For the

Camerons, it ended in tears, premierships often do. No comfort

possible tonight except from a respected predecessor who thought

David Cameron was made of the Right stuff. He was a one nation

Conservative. He looks for a tolerant, undivided, inclusive

nation. I do not think the fault is at his door, that our nation at this

moment, on this issue, is more fractured than we have seen it for a

very long time. David Cameron did not have the hardest upbringing. He

mixed with fellow Etonians in the famous Billington club. He promised

something fresh as the new Tory leader. He did make the Tory brand

greener, driven by compassion, and in the Arctic by Huskies. In office

along with the Liberal Democrats he led the first coalition since the

war. The won referendum in Scotland, and with the promise of a new deal

in Europe, took one risk too far. We will give the British people

referendum, with a very simple in or out choice. David Cameron is no

thrill-seeker. He took a gamble after gamble because he felt he had

to, to hold power under enormous pressure, from Scotland, from his

own side, over Europe. In the end he lost everything and Scottish

independence is up for grabs again. His dream of leading a socially

liberal one nation Tory party has died. His place in history is

spoiled, his crown passed on prematurely. But to go? Boris

Johnson is the early favourite. Popular, but not now with everyone.

-- to whom? Theresa May, and Michael Gove denies any ambition. I hope we

do have a woman in the final two. I think that is important in

21st-century Britain. Whether it is me all one of my brilliant female

colleagues is for the party to decide. I will not make any decision

about that until we have had a bit of a rest over the weekend, a chance

to speak to our colleagues, and obviously I would not rule anything

out. Off to the Palace today. They miss it when they leave. Although

David Cameron always said he could see a life after the premiership, he

has lost something he loved, and it hurt was plain to see. Much more

coming up. Stay with us. I was actually in Essex for the Basildon

coat over night at the referendum and the

weather was absolutely awful. It has been much better

It certainly has, at times and in places. This lovely shot was taken

in Derbyshire from one of our weather watchers. The clouds then

grew darker and darker with some of those ominous looking thunder clouds

here, in Tyne Wear. Storms through the course of the day. Thunder and

lightening but some good opportunities for some of our

weather watchers as well. There are still some torrential downpours just

at the moment in parts of north-east England, large hail storms

developing on the ground here, I have noticed. These will tend to

fade away. The showers continue across the heart of Scotland and

other Western parts will hang on to showers. For most of us, becoming

dry, and temperatures will get lower, particularly in rural areas.

A fresh start to Saturday morning where you are, and across central

and eastern areas probably a bright start but that will not last

forever. She out West will develop and spread eastwards and some of

those could again mean business and torrential downpours -- showers West

will develop. Glastonbury, after one or two back showers itchy dry up

through the day. A whole lot of showers through the spine of

northern England towards Scotland -- it should dry up. Disappointingly

grey and misty still across the far north-east. The far north-east of

Scotland, that is, keeping it cool here. He changed to the weather on

Sunday, we think, after a chilly dawn we will see a weather system

pushing in from the Atlantic which means rain, firstly for Northern

Ireland, then spreading into western parts of the mainland gradually

through the day. That means for central and eastern areas, here

after eight showery Saturday, probably a better day on Sunday --

showery Saturday. It could feel quite pleasant, I think, on Sunday.

On Monday the system edges towards the south-east, perhaps some showery

rain across the London area, then it brightens up in the breezy Monday

and bright for most of us. That will not last. Another sister is coming

and off the Atlantic and choose the. -- another weather system. That is

moving west to east across the country. So, yes, some brightness at

times over the opening few days of Wimbledon, but also some rain. Not a

complete wash-out but I think that Ruth might well come in handy from

time to time. All the latest information can be found on the BBC

weather website -- that roof might come in handy. And I will be back in

half an hour. I'm Clive Myrie, live

from Westminster on an historic day. After more than four decades, the UK

will leave the European Union. As the results came in,

there was jubilation among the millions who voted to come out

of the EU. We did it!

We have changed the face of Europe! Dared to dream that the dawn is

breaking on an independent united kingdom.

I believe we have a glorious opportunity to pass our own laws

We can control our own borders in a way

Among the sizeable minority who wanted to remain in the EU,

Within hours, and emotional David Cameron said that UK needed fresh

leadership. I will do everything I can

as Prime Minister to steady the ship over the coming weeks and months,

but I do not think it would be right for me to try to be the captain

that steers our country Sterling plunged after

the result was announced. Some companies saw their shares fall

by nearly a third. President Obama says despite a vote

to leave the EU, the US-UK alliance But while the UK's relationship

with the EU will change, one thing that will not change

is the special relationship that The UK has chosen to come out

of the European Union, setting the country on a different

path to the one it's known There have been scenes of jubilation

among the Leave campaign, together with calls for calm before

the complicated process begins Just hours after the result,

David Cameron announced he would be stepping down and that he expected

to be replaced as PM by the Autumn. There's no indication yet

as to who the next inhabitant The referendum result

was close but decisive. Our first report is from our

political editor Laura Kuenssberg. David Cameron, a lucky politicians,

whose luck just ran out. A vote he offered on our place

in the world, a vote he lost. I was absolutely clear

about my belief that Britain is stronger, safer and better off

inside the European Union. But the British people have made

a very clear decision to take a different path, and as such,

I think the country requires fresh leadership to take it

in this direction. I will do everything I can

as Prime Minister to steady the ship over the coming weeks and months

but I do not think it would be right for me to try to be the captain

that steers our country A defeat so big the consequences

so complex, the Prime Minister and maybe his family too,

have had enough. I've said before that Britain can

survive outside the European Union Now the decision has been

made to leave, we need I love this country and I feel

honoured to have served it. I will do everything I can in future

to help this great country succeed. But as that door close,

what lies next? Boris Johnson, whose decision

to push the Out campaign, gave it pulling power that might

have made the difference. He walked into hostility,

not a victory parade The winning side, a campaign office,

not a Whitehall address Michael Gove and Boris Johnson,

eager to praise their friend and rival, David Cameron,

and mark the scale of To those who may be anxious,

whether at home or abroad, this does not mean that the United Kingdom

will be in any way less united, nor indeed does it mean that it

will be any less European. And I want to speak to the millions

of people, directly to the millions of people, who did not

vote for this outcome, especially young people,

who may feel that this decision in some way involves pulling up

a draw bridge or any kind of isolationism, as I think

the very opposite is true. As we move forward we should be

in no doubt that Britain is embarking on a new chapter

but one that is in line Now, we have a new chance to extend

that openness even further. We can build a new, stronger

and a more positive relationship with our European neighbours

based on free trade It was nearly 5am before

the result was final. The British people have spoken,

the answer is we are out. But an early push for out

in Sunderland had given a taste Across the north of England

in market and coastal towns votes Wales chose out too,

only sad faces for Remain-held London, Scotland

and Northern Ireland. From tears to cheers they had been

waiting so long to race, Nigel Farage, the first party leader

to emerge up and early. It is a victory for

ordinary, decent people. A victory against the big merchant

banks and big businesses I'm proud of everybody

that had the courage in the face of the threats,

all that they were told, that they had the guts to stand up

and do the right thing. As the Prime Minister said

he was off, doubts spread Corbyn, what is your reaction

to the prime minister resigning? Awkward, he now face

as vote of confidence. The unions back him but many MPs

believe he hung back I campaigned the length

and the breadth of the country on a party position to support

remaining in Europe, recognising the deficiencies

in the European Union, I made the points about jobs,

environment protection. But Remain smiles in Scotland

could lead to another split as they warned with England choosing

out and Scotland in, the SNP is calling for another vote

on Scottish independence. It is a statement of the obvious,

that the option of a second referendum must be on the table

and it is on the table. People are coming to Westminster

to witness this day, perhaps to make sense

of what is really going on. In the last 24 hours we have decided

to leave the European Union an institution that has been part

of the fabric of our As a result, the Prime Minister

resigned. There will be someone else in charge

in Number Ten from the autumn and some of Labour's MPs are trying

to force their leader, The First Minister of Scotland,

Nicola Sturgeon, has said there must be a second

referendum on the other union, the one between Scotland

and the rest of the UK. It's not so much that this result

has turned politics upside down but it shattered

the established conventions. This flag will become

a British souvenir, this one, But our decision might

trigger so much change, we may watch for years before

the banner is final. The Conservative MP and Leave

campaigner, Daniel Hannan, says there was no promise to reduce

immigration by leaving He told the BBC's Big Decision

programme Vote Leave had never said there is going to be

some radical decline, We've never said that there is going

to be some radical decline, that we are going to shock the door, let

alone that the status of anyone here being affected. That is completely

off the table. You think people wanted... What they wanted was

control, some sense that ultimately, we are in charge roughly of who

comes in and in roughly what numbers. That is a theoretical

concept. I've been on that campaign trail longer than almost anywhere,

at every speech I say, if you think we are going to be getting rid of

Polish barmaids or airlifting people from the Costas, forget it. I'm sure

you have been saying that that other members of the leave campaign have

been saying the opposite. It has been a nasty, divisive campaign,

partly because it has been anti-outside world, anti-immigrant.

People don't want the borders shot but the promises made by the leave

campaign is we are going to put more money in the NHS, we will bring

migration Dan Rather clear, we will keep the benefits while being

outside the EU, they have to deliver and it will be very, very hard

indeed. Even that will take time. I don't want to build up expectations

but that will happen. Picking up on what Daniel Hannan was

saying, I was in Basildon last night, the only borough to gain Ukip

seeks similar collections. It is your brisket country. The vote leave

campaign is that I talked to and the Ukip members of the hall last night,

they all said the number one issue was immigration. Now we get senior

members of the leave campaign saying they never promised that immigration

would come down if we left the European Union, does that square

written Mark you remember during that last big debate, it was the

first time I had heard that three pressed on what exactly what -- was

their target for migration. They refuse to put a number on it, they

refused to say it would come down or over what period but voters had

certainly thought by that point and in enough numbers that the message

was quite clear, leaving the European Union meant net migration

would come down, the assumption was that for quite quickly but I don't

think anyone has quite worked out, including the Leave campaign how

that would work. The working establishment has said the working

migrants will stay, the question is over what time period there will be

changes to freedom of movement. It was not clear at all. Nigel Farage

was asked about the ?350 million commitment plastered on all the vote

leave buses that that money would lead the European Union, but was

wrong, and he said this morning, the leave campaign were wrong to make

that promise because it couldn't be delivered. I think there will be

perhaps voters now thinking, hang on, what exact we have we voted for

here? And Daniel Hannan may confirm that view with what he was saying.

It is it a more than a year since David Cameron secured a majority for

the Conservatives in several years, he was lauded as the future of this

country, certainly by his party. Now he is resigning. How on earth did we

get to this stage? I'm sure as far as he's concerned is what makes it

so tragic is he has been destroyed on the single issue that he tried

for a long time to avoid altogether, the same issue that had pulled down

misses that job, the same issue that made John Major's life in office a

complete misery, the issue of Europe. He came in thinking Europe

is one of those issues that obsesses some Tory backbenchers, a growing

number of Tory backbenchers over the last couple of parliaments, but he

always thought, it doesn't really tickle voters, they are not about

this, they want us to be a far broader party so that is what he

tried by a long time to avoid Europe buddy had to keep placating his

party and keeping them on board and offering them enough and I think

that is one of the reasons he offered this referendum back in

2013, it was to placate the party, he was also worried about Ukip boat

is eating away at the Conservative Party vote. This referendum was born

out of a need of party management. He was dealing with a serious

problem and he has said, there was a real public popular clamour for

this, and need to regret the question that have not been asked of

the British people for 40 years and we see in the answer that millions

and millions of people are dissatisfied and angry about the

European Union and want to leave. But it is extraordinary that within

13 months to become the first Tory leader to deliver a majority in 23

years, he has imploded like this. We know Jeremy Corbyn is facing

problems because there is the sense of the Sun that he didn't fight hard

enough for the Remain side. A vote of no confidence has been put

forward. He has so much support in the grass roots, will that kill off

any suggestion he will be challenged? Since he became leader,

there has been huge disquiet in the parliament we party since he was a

let it. He has had very little support in there but huge support

among the grassroots that have been swelled by all these new ?3 members

that have joined. There is jury with how he conducted himself in this

referendum campaign. He will say he did enough but the truth is swathe

of the old, traditional, Labour working class heartlands voted for

Leave and there are many Labour Party and politicians think he

should have done more and this could be the moment to get him and pounce.

There is this move to have a confidence motion against him. I

think they want to put pressure on him so that he falls on his sword,

actually, and just decides to quit. To avoid the necessity of triggering

a proper challenge to him. Difficult to see how it is going to un-fold.

But more importantly than that, Labour has a colossal existential

issue about where it goes from here. If there is this sort between the

Labour Party, the Parliamentary Labour Party and swathes of the

country that it could reliably bank on over the years to deliver it

their vote, how does it reshape now which in mark and is it stand for?

What issues does it need to address? It is much bigger than Jeremy

Corbyn. Every briefly, Ukip, today it is as much about Nigel Farage as

it is about David Cameron and his resignation. Nigel Farage Pritchard

for this referendum. We know they will all lose their jobs, what

happens to do kit, is it finished? I think they remain MEPs and all the

actually leave. Two, five, whatever. Minimum two years. It is an

extraordinary thing for him to have pulled off. He has one MP. He has

tried to get into Parliament many times himself and failed. He has

been in the vanguard of this movement. Within Leave circles, he

is receiving huge credit for pushing this far. Where did Ukip go now

written Mark I don't know. But the fact that the people that we are

talking about, we all talk about them today. Communities that feel

completely disconnected from mains dream politics from main party

politics. Many of them have found a voice in Ukip and I think Ukip will

continue to make big mileage in those communities even though the EU

issue is done now, they have achieved their goal, I still think

there was a large Ukip sized hole in British politics, potentially, for

years to come. The pattern of voting varied widely

across the different nations Scotland - which voted

overwhelmingly to stay IN the European Union -

is now highly likely to face another This morning brought the dawning

realisation that a vote to leave the EU might mean a vote

on leaving the UK. Protesters who vowed to stay outside

the Scottish Parliament until the country is independent,

might not have to wait too long. Nicola Sturgeon says another

referendum is on the cards. Scotland faces the prospect

of being taken out of I regard that as

democratically unacceptable. It is therefore a statement

of the obvious that the option of a second referendum must be

on the table. Are you confident that

in the potential turmoil that could follow a Brexit,

that those are circumstances in which Scotland would want

to vote for independence? I think it is in my responsibility

to seek the stability and the certainty that membership

of the European Union gives us. So, Nicola Sturgeon didn't say

that she would definitely hold another referendum on Scottish

independence, but she did say She believes this Brexit

will make Scots more likely But she will not set

the date until she is sure. She knows she can't afford

to lose another referendum. Don't assume independence

is now inevitable, says The 1.6 million votes cast in this

referendum in favour of remaining do not wipe away the 2 million votes

that were cast less And we do not address the challenges

of leaving the European Union by leaving our own union

of nations, our biggest market Voters remember being told less

than two years ago that to stay in the EU they had to vote to stay

in the UK. So many are now starting

to think again. I believe in the Union,

but I suspect this time round, I don't know, I personally know

a lot of people who have already Another referendum could be

at least two years away. Our correspondent is in Cardiff to

gauge reaction to the vote in Wales. Wales is actually the part of the

United Kingdom that gets the most revenue from the European Union.

Many people will be surprised by this vote from them. Yes, Wales did

vote to leave the European Union, 17 of the 22 local authorities here

voted to go. Some of those who have been campaigning for the leave vote

were celebrating today, members of Ukip and also some of the Welsh

Conservatives who had backed that campaign. A rally was held in

Newport to the tunes of the great escape but it was largely Labour

heartland, some of the poorest communities of Wales who have

received the lions share of EU structural funding over the past 16

years who did vote to leave. Some of those poorest parts of Europe,

indeed. And as you said, Wales has been met -- net beneficiary of EU

funds over the years. But people here were not convinced by the

economic arguments to stay. British led issues of immigration,

sovereignty, and national security were decisive for Welsh voters. The

First Minister here in Wales was rather glum this morning, Carwyn

Jones, when he held a press conference to give his reaction to

the vote to leave here. He has spoken about changes but now may

need to be done to the devolution settlement. He was to change the

Barnett formula, the calculation by which the funding comes from

Westminster to Wales. He says that needs to be done sooner than --

rather than later. He also spoke about unity, about the communities

that he felt had been left out. Too many people in these communities

feel that politics and our economy has left them behind and we have a

real task ahead to un-dude that sense of a nation. I said after the

May election that it represented the start of the conversation without

communities and I meant it. For the good of our nation and its future,

we must now come together and rise to the challenges before us. So,

challenges that he mentioned but what Carwyn Jones also said was that

he would be having conversations with people in Westminster as soon

as possible and that Wales needed to be part of those discussions as a

priority. The Welsh Conservative leader Andrew RT Davies, he said

Welsh politics has changed ever. Is that a fair assessment? He did talk

about the landscape here in Wales perhaps changing. It has already.

The Senate here is behind me, the National Assembly for Wales, and in

the recent assembly elections in seven weeks ago, seven members of

Ukip now sit in the building behind me so there have been changes in the

landscape of Wales but what some commentators have been talking about

is the ratio ship of labour with their core supporters here. They

didn't manage to connect, they didn't manage to get the vote out

and Carwyn Jones faced some tough questions on that score in that

press conference this morning. He didn't take responsibility but he

did say he felt he had been able to do all that he could in the short

time frame that they had. He felt that it was in the right time,

certainly for Wales, to have this referendum, coming so soon after the

assembly elections, that they hadn't been able to do the campaign that

they wanted to. Whether that did have a bearing on the result, of

course, we'll have to wait and see what happens.

We caught up with our Northern Ireland correspondent and he

explained why the county might be thinking about another referendum.

The Secretary of State has ruled that out but in order to call a

border poll, you do need to be in a position where you actually have

some evidence that it would be likely to get carried and the

reality is that isn't the case at the moment. However, it does show

that there are strong feelings about this and certainly Irish republicans

are looking across the water at Scotland and seeing things there and

perhaps seeing an opportunity in this. Other people say the

opportunities are... Arlene Foster has been talk about business here

and saying that she accepts there will be challenges ahead but they

could also be opportunities. But I have to say when he talked to people

and businesses in places like this, this is new array, a border town,

and these busy roads you see going through, a lot of them carrying

cross-border traffic, Newbury is between Belfast and Dublin, that has

been a good position to try and get business. The rarity is it doesn't

know what is game to happen to that border and that is a concern

followed of people here. The idea that you could have customs

checkpoints or extra security, as was suggested by some during this

referendum campaign, they really don't know what that is going to

mean. You do have people now starting to wake up what some of the

conferences of the referendum vote will be. Already, people in Northern

Ireland currently have the right to hold two passable, an Irish one and

a British one, and today, there have actually been around for

applications for Irish passports, they will remain EU passports. It

hasn't just happened in nationalist areas, it is also happened in

unionist areas. People are starting to think about what this referendum

might mean and in this part of the UK that has a land border with

another EU country, it really is going to have some sort of impact.

With the now is Jo Phillips, she backed the Remain campaign in the

referendum. Europe is an issue that failed Margaret Thatcher, it made

John Major's life a misery, it is now taken Mr Cameron out as well.

Now that there has been a referendum, can any future Tory

leader now feel confident that they are not going to be felled by this

issue again. Well, that is the $64,000 question. Accosted to

Schnoor historian has said that this has reset the dial for British

politics. I don't think the question is so much about another Tory Prime

Minister whoever that may be, or the next Labour leader, it is what

happens now to the political make-up of Britain. As Ben was just saying,

Nigel Farage, he doesn't even have a seat in the House of Commons, he is

a one trick wonder, his pony has one, but now what does he do? He's

got Douglas Carswell sit in there. Personally, I think this time for

reshaping and I think there will be a realignment. There is obviously a

lot of disagreement and distrust and disappointment with Jeremy Corbyn. I

don't think David Cameron had any option but to do what he did this

morning but I think it is very sad. Home, I think is the personal shame.

It depends very much on who takes over and who becomes the next Prime

Minister, as whether they will be a healing leader of this country. But

it has to be a Brexiter. Well, does it have to be? It could be somebody

like to reason me. It doesn't have to be someone shouting, it doesn't

have to be someone like Boris who is your peers contender at the moment,

it could be to reason me, it could be Stephen Crabb, his name is often

mentioned and few of us had much awareness of him until he was

promoted to welfare rem pensions secretary. But the majority of the

parties Eurosceptic. At the moment. Now that the bond -- vote has gone

their way, people will get back into their boxes? I think people will

realise the magnitude of what has happened. There will be a summit

next week in Brussels that David Cameron won't attend, it is

basically, they will be talked about us like who gets access on a

Saturday and who gets to take is that the Christmas holidays it is

this is an ugly access battle that will go on. It depends very much on

how quickly we can trigger Article 50 to begin the withdrawal. It will

also be a huge job for whoever is the leader -- leader of this

country, labour or Tory, to manage the bureaucratic machinery to

dismantle Europe. One new -- once you trigger article 50, you know

you've got two years ticking but it is white clear that they want us to

get on and get out. Pack your bags, don't worry about taking the CDs, it

is over. What about the suggestion that there will be a snap general

election? Gordon Brown didn't have a mandate when he took over from Tony

Blair. They will have to have a mandate. Before the end of the year?

I would put money on it being before Christmas. I am not admitting women

but I would put money on it. -- not a betting woman. But doing what Tony

Blair did, because the succession, if Boris Johnson wants to wind, he

placed his shirt on Brexit. And finally, I suppose, splitting the

country right down the middle, 49, 50, whatever, bringing this country

together, whoever winds that election, and somehow -- wins that

election, and bringing together to -- two very different visions of

what this country should be like... Yes, but it is clear watching the

results coming in last night that it is divided and there is a chunk

which is London and the south-east, and there is another chunk which is

completely outside of this Westminster bubble you and I have

spent so many years then, which is why whoever leads the country next,

and whoever leads both of the main parties, has got to be a healer. It

has to be somebody who says, OK, the decision has been made, but now

there is a lot of careful negotiation. The decision has been

made by the future of our country rests not so much on the decisions

we made yesterday, but on what happens next, and that will require

a lot more skill than the blustering and buffoonery we have seen of the

last few weeks. But at the same time those who are in the Leave camp, who

was successful, no feel their voices have been heard, in communities for

from this place behind us, they want results. They said to the campaign

that immigration was an important issue, issues around sovereignty and

so forth. The likes of Boris Johnson and whoever, they cannot be dragging

their feet on this, and they certainly cannot be going around

saying, actually, we did not make a promise. On bringing down

immigration totals. And thereby lies the unmasking of the appalling

nature of the campaign, on both sides, it has to be said, but on the

Leave side, the idea that Turkey was going to join had we not voted

Brexit, that would have been 23 million people arriving this very

minute. The ?350 million live each week that could be spent on the

National Health Service. But by the same token, the sky has not fallen

in. Not yet. But the stock exchanges will be, and I would want an

umbrella. And it is not just us but it is about the rest of the world.

This has sent out a message to the very far right wing parties in the

rest of Europe. There are elections coming up in France, Holland and

other parts of Europe next year. Other European leaders will be

looking to what has happened. That is why they want us to move quickly,

to get out of the way quickly, and that is why I suspect there will be

a cohort of people who want to make our exit quite difficult to try to

put others' off, but if this has triggered the rise of the right wing

across Europe, that is a terrible legacy from yesterday's vote. Good

to speak to you. Thank you. The result was relatively close, the

turnout high and the regional and national variations were stark.

Our correspondent Christian Fraser has been taking a closer look

OK, let's take an in-depth result at some of these final numbers.

So this is the result - 51.9% for Leave, 48.1% for Remain.

The total number of eligible voters was 46.5 million,

the turnout was 72.2% - the biggest turnout

Now, they thought a bigger turnout would be good news for Remain -

The margin of victory was six points - 53% Leave, 46% Remain.

A different story in Scotland, of course.

Slightly lower turnout but no question over the result,

In Edinburgh incidentally it was 74% in favour.

A big turnout but only five of the 22 voting areas

Slightly lower turnout but no question over the result,

In Edinburgh incidentally it was 74% in favour.

A big turnout but only five of the 22 voting areas

Rounded up, it was the same result as England.

Cardiff was Remain but Swansea was Leave.

And in Northern Ireland, there at the bottom,

again lower than average turnout but a sizeable vote for Remain,

especially in the areas along the border - three out of four areas

The pollsters, the City, the bookies, they all got it wrong

because they didn't understand what was going north of London.

Look at this area here - all blue in the rural parts

of England, into the North and North West, the key

This is the Labour areas of Blackburn, Rossendale

Boston in Lincolnshire, the highest vote for

Leave in the country - not a Labour seat,

but a Tory one this time, and according to the 2011 census,

home to the highest population of Eastern European migrants

Down here, Great Yarmouth, a Ukip mayor, again one of the top

five Leave votes in the country, over 70% wanted out.

We have there showed you the nationwide split

It's far too early to give a definitive analysis but this one

poll conducted yesterday suggested 27% of 18 to 25-year-olds wanted

to leave compared to 73% wanting to stay in Europe.

As people get older it starts to swing the other way.

For those over 65 it suggests 60% wanted to leave EU

Britain will be the first state ever to leave the European Union.

It's sent shock waves though the EU with European leaders

expressing their dismay but calling for negotiations to end Britain's

membership as soon as possible to avoid prolonging uncertainty.

Some national party leaders called for similar referendums

Our Europe editor Katya Adler has been following the reaction

The day a British decision delivered an almighty blow across a continent.

Europe's media and its leaders were stunned. Even the normally impassive

ones... TRANSLATION: Lets not beat around the bush. Today marks a

turning point for Europe and the project of European unity. They were

scared, too. Le danger est immense... The French

president warned of what the script as immense dangers. He spoke about

the dangers of France having its own in - out referendum.

Brexit for Le Pen was our political present. TRANSLATION: Yes, it is

possible to leave the European Union. And Out, say Europe's

readers, is out. They want to start the Brexit process now, not in

October, as David Cameron suggests -- leaders. Frustration then for the

Brussels bigwigs, for Cameron, for Brexit, and for this British

journalist. Is this the beginning of the end of the European Union? No,

said the president of the European Commission, and marched out. His

refusal to properly question is indicative, you could say, of the

aloof Brussels attitude critics so disliked. Discussion in Europe is

nice with removing from Brexit to possible Frexit in France, for

Sweden and more. I have never seen this continent more at Eurosceptic

and all my time here. The future of the European union has never been

more uncertain. Barack Obama has said he respected

the UK's decision to leave. He praised David Cameron and said

Britain's special relationship with the united states would endure. I

spoke with British Prime Minister David Cameron. David has been an

outstanding friend and partner on the global stage and, based on our

conversation, I am continent the UK is committed to an orderly

transmission out of the EU. We agreed our economic and financial

teams will remain in close contact as we stay focused on ensuring

economic growth and financial stability. I then spoke to

Chancellor Angela Merkel of Germany and we agreed the United States and

our European allies will work closely together in the weeks and

months ahead. I do think that yesterday's thought speaks to the

ongoing changes and challenges that are raised by globalisation. But

while the UK's relationship with the EU will change, one thing that will

not change is the special relationship that exists between our

two nations. That will endure. The EU will remain one of our

indispensable partners. Our Nato alliance will remain a cornerstone

of global security and in a few weeks we will be meeting in Warsaw

for the Nato summit. Our shared values, including our commitment to

democracy, pluralism and opportunity for all people in a globalised

world, that will continue to unite all of us. That was the president

speaking a little earlier. Our correspondent Laura Dekker has been

following developments in Washington. This is not the result

the Obama administration had hoped for and is certainly not the result

he had helped campaign for, and that extraordinary foray into British

politics just a few weeks ago -- Laura Bicker. When he made that

speech alongside David Cameron, people Britain they may be at the

back of the queue when it came to trade deals and he was worried about

security when it came to sharing information. Today he has softened

his language and he has tried to calm the waters and he is speaking

about continuity. He is trying to calm things for various reasons.

Obviously the markets here are jittery, to say the least. There

have been messages from the US Treasury saying, we have prepared

this, we have been in discussion on this for weeks in case of Brexit. He

is also trying to calm the waters in terms of security. We have heard

from both the State Department and the Department of defence who say,

look, there was to be sharing of information between the EU, between

the UK and the US, when it comes to security, and it is clear both in

his statement this morning and in the one he made this afternoon that

he is praising the UK's role in Nato. He is saying, look, we will

work together to try to continue to battle the so-called Islamic State

group, but when it comes to continuity, he is trying to make

clear that there will still be a relationship with the UK. How that

relationship will play out will be interesting. He is also reaching out

to the EU as well. It is interesting, both his call to David

Cameron and two Angela Merkel, he is making sure, CN, look, here in the

US we are trying to keep calm, see what the follow is and see what part

we can play in it, but meanwhile, well you sort this out, do it in the

easiest way possible -- he is saying, look.

The outcome of the EU Referendum shocked financial markets.

As counting took place overnight, and the Leave vote started

to emerge as victorious, the pound fell to levels

At one stage, it fell by more than 10%.

By early afternoon, it had partially recovered,

but was still nearly 8% down on the day.

The governor of the Bank of England announced billions of pounds of

support.,, Ahmed, our economics editor, has this report. After

complacency, shock. After a quiet start red and cover the screens. The

markets reacted with one quick word when Britain voted to leave the EU-

cell. Anything that was risky. The pound and bank stocks fell and only

tension rose -- sell. The Governor of the Bank of England went public,

trying to bring some semblance of calm to torrid markets. We are well

prepared for this. Her magister's Treasury and the Bank of England

have engaged in extensive contingency planning and the

Chancellor and I have remained in close contact, including through the

night and this morning. Today has been an extremely difficult and

turbulent day... It was a day reminiscent of when financial crises

evolved, Black Wednesday of 1982, when Britain crashed out of the

single currency. This time the pound fell further and investors are

seeing risk everywhere. -- 1992. Sterling was down 10% at one stage

and stock markets falling everywhere, particularly I have to

say in the banks where we have seen stock prices fall over 20%. That is

very unusual. There were plenty of predictions of economic chaos if

Britain voted to leave the European Union. While some of those

predictions will now be tested, today has seen falling stock

markets, following pound, and sometimes it can also little distant

from everyday life, but the effects can be very real. Take holidays.

They can become more expensive as the pound weakens but a weaker

sterling means a boost for export. House prices could fall, good news

for first-time buyers. And there was no move on historically low interest

rates. The probably will not be for a while. Ryanair, a prominent

supporter of staying in the EU, but with Brexit ahead, the tune has now

changed. We will not be able to make new investments in the UK. We will

know probably have a two-year period of great uncertainty and what

businesses want is certainty. We will look at making our investments

and we will have a greater degree of certainty in economies like Germany,

Italy, Ireland and Spain. A sunset or a sunrise? For some business

leaders, it was time to focus on the positives. We have a choice to make.

Do we want to have a positive vision for the future or is it going to be

all negative? If we go down the negative route, we will have

failure, if we go down the positive route we have a great opportunity.

It was a long night in the City. The test now is for the UK economy. Can

it flourish in a New World? Outside the European Union.

What does it mean for the money in our pockets?

Earlier I spoke to Paul Lewis from Money Box about the impact

Well, of course, if you're going abroad, you will want to get your

holiday money and it will be less for your pound, and I know there

have been people queueing up before the vote to try to get a better

rate, so you certainly have to take her of that, but if people are going

on holiday later in the year there is little point in waiting because

we just do not know what the currency is going to do, so my

general rule stands. When you need currency, buy it. You cannot guess

what the markets are going to do. But we are also hearing from the

likes of the AA that petrol and diesel prices could go up as a

result of the crash and sterling? Yes, absolutely. Oil is priced in

dollars so that would mean oil could go up. The fuel to heat your home

could go up. If it stays at the sorts of levels. Of course imported

goods will also go up, because sterling is worth less. When you buy

goods abroad, the cost of those will go up, the cost of raw materials to

make good in this country will go up, that could all push up

inflation, so we could see a rise in inflation, certainly, yes. A rise in

inflation could have a knock-on effect on mortgages? Not directly,

but certainly, and I have heard two conflicting views about mortgages

from analysts today. Some say they could get cheaper, and new fixed

rates at record low levels, but on the other hand it could be that the

bank is cautious about lending and, yes, those levels might exist, but

you would have to have an absolutely squeaky clean credit record to get

them, so although they might be there, not everyone will get them. I

am also hearing from a number of people that house prices will

probably drift downwards. People do not know how much, but demand is

likely to be reduced, because foreign buyers will be reduced. At

the moment they will be waiting to see where the pound settles to see

how much they get for their money, and if mortgages get more difficult

that demand will also be reduced, so that could see house prices falling.

The irony is house prices fall, but younger people particularly getting

on the housing ladder may not be able to get the kind of mortgage in

order to take advantage of all that? That is right. House prices may fall

but it may not help young people take their first steps towards

owning a home and I think that would be the real tragedy from that point

of view, because people would see the value of their homes following

but it actually would not help anybody to take that first step. Of

course at the same time you might see rent going up. Paul Lewis from

Money Box there. It's clear that the Midlands