EU Referendum BBC News Special


EU Referendum

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After more than 40 years Britain has voted decisively to end its

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membership of the European Union. David Cameron announced he would

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stand down from the premiership. Boris Johnson who campaigned for a

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Leave vote said the UK now had a glorious opportunity to pass it on

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laws, set its own taxes, and find its voice in the world. Senior

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figures in the European Union have cold on Britain to act on the

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Portsmouth break and leave as soon as possible. Let us look at the

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final results. Leave secured effectively by more than 1 million

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votes. 17.4 million people voted for the UK to leave the EU. That

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compares with 16.1 million people who wanted to remain. More than 72%

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of those who were eligible to vote that saw. In England is more than 15

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million people voted for the UK to leave the EU. In Scotland every

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voting area came out in favour of remain. And Wales Leave one more

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than 52% of the vote and secured. Northern Ireland which sheers a land

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border with the European Union backed Remain.

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The alias. We will start with the Conservatives and their problems.

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The problem of Europe has helped bring down Margaret Thatcher, John

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Major, and now a summer fete for David Cameron. How is the party

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going to be able to come back from this? -- a similar outcome for David

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Cameron. The point of calling a referendum in

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the first place was to dry to heal those divisions. Many people have

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said that Tory your sceptic MPs would not take yes for an answer.

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Getting the party back together, a massive challenge. One said they

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were furious that immigration had been dart trying to give a different

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vision of Britain outside the EU from the vision of Nigel Farage.

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Let us talk to our correspondent in Paris. And our correspondent in

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Bellin. We will go to Paris first. Take as through the suggestion from

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some in France that the border deal that the UK has at Calais might now

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come to an end as a result of this? The French President said a couple

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of months ago that there might be repercussions to the border

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arrangement at Calais and it is something that will be high on the

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agenda in the weeks ahead. A very sensitive topic. The arrangement as

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it stands as there are British Border Controls in France which

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means that migrants trying to get to Britain are in France. The

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suggestion is that mate end and the French might say, we do not want

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this anymore, you can control them on your side of the border, which

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would mean that when these people are not allowed in but given

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temporary asylum, they would remain in Britain, become a British

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problem. This is a bilateral Agreement, not part of the EU, the

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possibility of cross Border Controls between Britain and France.

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Technically there is no reason why this should change. That said it is

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hard to rule out the possibility that the French will not be made to

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look kindly on this arrangement in the longer term and they are not in

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any mood right now to do the British any favours. There will be pressure

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also from local authorities and Calais to change the system because

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they are fed up with the entire thing. So this is something which

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will be opened up. I am not saying it will change any time soon but it

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is one of the many sensitive issues that are on the agenda.

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And the French leader has said that to move forward unit cannot act as

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it has before. What did he mean by that? All the European leaders have

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too short that they have got the message. What they cannot do is

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blame the tabloid press for whipping up propaganda. You hear a lot of

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that, if only people had proper coverage. They recognise in

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Government that would be an appalling reaction. There does need

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to be some kind of acceptance that Europe is not functioning and that

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played some part in the British vote. But how to draw conclusions

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from that is a different matter. The instinct is always to say we need

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more of Europe, we need to deepen, integrate more, sure that we have

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understood, but how many times have we heard that refrain? So many

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times. I feared that the refrain will be repeated once again because

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there is no Agreement on what any next step could be to reassure the

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European peoples and to end this just towards populace and the

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resurgence of the nation state, which the British vote is a

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manifestation of. The presidents of the European Council, Commission and

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European Parliament have all said any delay will and necessarily along

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uncertainty and delay in the UK triggering article 50 and beginning

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the process of leaving the European Union. Is this view sheared in there

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then and by Angela Merkel? Yes. What we are seeing this crisis

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meeting after crisis meeting trying to solve this problem because this

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took Germany by surprise. Everybody was expecting a Remain vote.

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Tomorrow we will have foreign ministers arriving for a crisis

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meeting. On Monday Italian and French prime ministers will meet

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Angela Merkel. This is Angela Merkel's attempts to short that she

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wants to reinvigorate the entire European project but the big

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question is how lenient or how tough will Berlin get regarding a new

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trade deal because Germany is the largest economy in Europe and what's

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Germany says will be imported. What we learned during a referendum

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campaign from Leave campaigners as that Germany will be lenient. Pars

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what we heard. But what we are hearing now is the story could be

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different because businesses are seeing that in actual fact they are

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more worried about contagion, the domino effect, the rest of the EU

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breaking up and other countries picking away from the European Union

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than they are about losing some of the British market. Saw a lot of

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business leaders and the Government here in Berlin are looking at the

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bigger picture and the main aim now is to keep the remaining 27 States

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in the European Union together. The UK is no longer in. Voters out as

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politicians kept on saying today.

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So the possibility of contagion will force a hard line. Does that also

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mean there is no possibility of a renegotiation of the kind of deal

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that David Cameron was trying to get if you months ago? ? We heard in a

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last few weeks there would be no renegotiation.

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OK, we seem to have lost the line from Berlin. Our correspondent

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giving us the latest update on Europe's reaction. Financial markets

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were shocked. The pound Phil to levels not seen since 1985. At one

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stage it fell by more than 10%. By early afternoon at a partially

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recovered but was still 8% down. Our correspondent is that the Bank of

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England. The markets have steadied a little.

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Yes, they have steadied a little bits. After the comments by the

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Governor Mark Carney in the building behind me that caused some

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steadying, but it is interesting, the comments from our correspondent

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in Berlin, the DAX is down 7% in Frankfurt. That shows the impact

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that this will have on things like a German exports according to

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investors. The big story is sterling and what happened today. It is down

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8% over the course of the day. That is the worst outcome we have seen

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against the dollar for 31 years although it stood steady a little

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bit. In terms of the polity decisions that we see over the

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coming days and months that will depend on the magnitude of the

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changes and the volatility in the sterling that we see. I have been

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speaking to some fund managers in the City of London and they have

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been talking about a rate cut, a reintroduction of quantitative

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easing as a policy response to what we have heard today.

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What does all this mean for the money in our pockets? Let us talk to

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Paul Lewis. Good to see you. The following currency, what is the

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immediate impact on ordinary people? If you are going abroad and you want

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to get your holiday money it will be more expensive. You will get less

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for your pound. I know there were people queueing up before the votes

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to try and get a better rate. But people going on holiday later in the

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year there is no point in beating because we just do not know what the

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currency is going to do so my general rule stands, friend you need

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currency by it, you cannot guess what the markets are going to do.

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But we are also hearing from the likes of the AEE that petrol and

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diesel prices could go up as a result of the crash in sterling. Yes

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because oil is priced in dollars so that would mean petrol would go up,

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fuel to heat your home would go up, if it's these at these levels, and

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imported goods would go up because sterling is worth less. When you buy

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goods from abroad is the cost will go up, the cost of raw materials

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will go up. That could push up inflation.

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We could see a rise in inflation. And that could have a knock-on

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effect on mortgages? Not directly. I have heard to conflicting views on

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mortgages today. Some say that mortgages would get cheaper and that

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new fixed rates at record low levels. On the other hand it could

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be that the banks are cautious about lending and to those levels might

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exist but you will have to have an absolutely squeaky clean credit

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records to get them. So although they might be there not everyone

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will get them. I am also hearing from a number of people that House

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prices will probably just downwards. People do not know how much, but

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demand is likely to be reduced because foreign buyers will be

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reduced. At the moment they will be waiting to see where the pound

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settles so they say her match they will get for their money.

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That could see House prices falling. The irony as House prices fall, but

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younger people in particular getting on the housing ladder might not be

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able to get the mortgage to take advantage of that? That is right but

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it may not help young people take the first step towards owning a home

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and that would be the tragedy from their point of view because people

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would see the value of their homes falling but it would not help

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anybody to take that first debt. At this same time you make see rent

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going up. Thank you.

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The vote has revealed a deeply divided United Kingdom with the

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majority of England and Wales voting to read in Scotland and London are

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voting to remain. One area, Dudley, more than two thirds of voters chose

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Brexit. It has been welcomed in the town today. We have done right. We

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needed out. Why did you thought out? I have got six kids. I am born and

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bred. I pay my taxes. I cannot get a home. Immigrants come in and get it

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handed to them on our plate. Brand-new home. It is not fair. I am

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glad. We needed it. I am fed up of being dictated to, it

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is time we took our own country back and have our own say. What was the

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biggest issue that struck a chord with you? Immigration. The country

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can only maintain so many people resources wise and everything. There

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will come a point where we will be that fool, so people will either

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have to go back home, or something will have two be done. That is the

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view from Dudley. That feeling of celebration was felt in many places

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across England. In Burnley one third of voters voted for Brexit 's.

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Speak to people in this town and they use words like celebration,

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time for a party, we have got our power back. This is a town sheets by

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immigration. Some of the most deprived parts of the country are in

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Burnley. Passions were running high here and nonetheless sought than in

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this hairdresser. Everybody here voted. How do you feel about 40 out?

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I voted out and I feel quite pleased about it although I did not expect

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it. What was it that drove you to vote out? I have never been a lover

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of the European Union. I feel that I need to be able to vote for an MP.

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They are an elected. NTPs are just the floor show and we are better off

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being run by our own people and they always have been. Further down, a

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very different feeling. What are your thoughts today? I am worried

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about the economy and jobs and that we will not get information.

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Information -- uncertainty? Yes. What were your emotions when you

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walk up this morning? I was shocked at first because I did not think we

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would actually be out but then we are very happy. I think we can take

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back our control and hopefully they will live up to what they have said

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they will do on the NHS and that is improve everything that we have got

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to do. Is that what you were thinking when you voted for Brexit,

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barely thinking of the NHS, immigration? Yes. I have a lot of

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dealings with the NHS. A member of my family will be there. It's makes

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a massive difference to me. I know what Nigel Farage said this morning,

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that they basically told a lie, but that has got to be better than what

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it is now. Thank you very much for speaking to us. The boat and clear

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message from the majority of people in Burnley, across East Lancashire

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as well. They are happy with the UK voting out of the European Union.

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The voting patterns have highlighted stark divisions across the UK. More

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than 62% of people in Scotland fought to stay in the EU, raising

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the prospect of Scotland being taken out of the European Union against

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its will. First Minister of Scotland Nicola Sturgeon said it was a

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statement of the obvious that the option of a second referendum was

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now on the table. The SNP manifesto that we were elected said, the

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Scottish Parliament should have the right to hold another referendum if

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there is a significant and material in circumstances from 2014, such as

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Scotland being taken out of the EU against our will. Scotland is now

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does face that prospect. It is a significant and material change in

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circumstances and it is a statement of the obvious that the prospect of

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a second referendum must be on the table, and it is on the table.

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Scotland's First Minister, Nicola Sturgeon.

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As the nation comes to terms with the decision to leave the EU

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questions had been asked about whether the vote exposed a

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generational device. -- generational divide. A survey suggested this.

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It is obvious that younger voters will have to live with the result of

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this referendum longer than the rest of us. I am joined by two generation

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2016 voters. One of you voted Remain, one of you voted Leave.

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I am not the most happy. I would hope that we would vote for a

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stronger Scotland and remain in Europe because the EU has great

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values of peace and unity and the principles it was founded on. Are

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you pleased and if so where can you see this country going? It is a

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double edged sword. I am incredibly happy that we got a Leave vote in

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England and Wales. I am disappointed that we did not get it in Scotland.

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The second referendum, as a Unionist that is concerning for me. I am

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hoping that the economic uncertainty is almost gone already. What do you

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make of the argument that Scotland is now being taken out of the

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European Union against its will? I disagree with that. 38% of Scots,

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over 1 million Scottish people voted to leave. A lot of people in

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working-class communities like Castlemilk in Glasgow, they really

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wanted to get out. 62% voted to stay. A lot of people voted to

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remain but there's an wise of Nicola Sturgeon, 30% of her membership

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voted to leave, to discredit those voices and say they do not matter.

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What do you make of the position now in Scotland? It is perhaps

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impossible in the sense of what you have said because you had to choose

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between perhaps being in the United Kingdom and being in the EU? At the

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moment I would rather be in the EU than in the UK just because of the

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nature of the campaign. It has been horrible. And the week that some of

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the different arguments on both sides, I am not discrediting either

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of them, but I just think that for the I would vote yes even though I

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see the pros and cons of seeing in the UK and they think the UK. In

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terms of referendums, are referendums could be of solving

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cortical differences, or is that not why re-elect parliaments anyway? In

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some places they can be helpful, but they cause massive division as we

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have seen. This one particularly and the Independence Referendum as well.

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In the Scottish Parliament elections recently that is all the kids talk

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about and a lot of the debates. What do you think of referendums as we of

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sorting things out? It is grateful stop it is direct democracy. In

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England 77% turnout compare to the lower turnout in the general

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election. In Scotland in East Renfrewshire it was 91% turnout.

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This is positive. On that happy and positive note, goodbye. And things

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will be developing in the next few days. We expect Nicola Sturgeon to

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convene a cabinet meeting tomorrow and she will address the Scottish

:22:45.:22:50.

Parliament on Tuesday. The result was relatively close. The

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turnout was high and regional and national variations were stark. Our

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correspondent has been taking a closer look at the breakdown of the

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votes. Let us take an in-depth look at some

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of these final numbers. This is the final result. 51.9% for a Leave,

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48.1% Remain. 46.5 million, the entire electorate, the turnout

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72.2%, the biggest turnout in a national vote since 1992. They

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thought a bigger turnout would be good news for Remain, that's not in

:23:29.:23:36.

England. In England, 53% Leave, 46% remain. Different story in Scotland.

:23:37.:23:44.

All counts going for remain, lower turnout, but overwhelmingly

:23:45.:23:48.

pro-remain. In Edinburgh it was 74% in favour. Another different story

:23:49.:23:53.

in Wales. It turned out that only five of the 22 voting districts

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going for Remain, and that is almost the same result as in England.

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Cardiff was Remain, Swansea was Leave. In Northern Ireland are

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sizeable vote for Remain on a lower than average turnout. Three out of

:24:10.:24:16.

four areas in Belfast where Remain. The bookmakers and the opinion polls

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all got it wrong. Look at this, all blue in several parts of England,

:24:24.:24:28.

the north, the north-west, key Labour Party supporting areas. All

:24:29.:24:36.

of them are going out. Boston in Lincolnshire, the highest water

:24:37.:24:39.

Leave in the country, not a Labour seat but a Tory one this time, and

:24:40.:24:45.

according to the 2011 census, home to the highest proportion of Eastern

:24:46.:24:50.

European migrants anywhere in England and Wales. Great Yarmouth,

:24:51.:24:56.

with a Ukip mayor, over 70% wanted out. We have shown the nation might

:24:57.:25:03.

split between England and Scotland, what about the generational divide?

:25:04.:25:08.

It is too are to give a definitive take, but one opinion poll yesterday

:25:09.:25:15.

said 27% of 18-25 -year-olds wanted to leave compared to 73% wanting to

:25:16.:25:20.

stay in Europe. And as voters get older that starts to swing the other

:25:21.:25:26.

way. For people over 65 research suggests that 40% wanted to stay in

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the EU, 60% wanted to leave. Our chief political correspondent is

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back. We talked about the Conservatives, let us talk about the

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Labour Party now and this attempt to get a vote of no-confidence in

:25:44.:25:47.

Jeremy Corbyn. Is that any chance that could get off the ground?

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What has happened is that Labour MPs have watched this unfold. They blame

:25:54.:25:58.

Jeremy Corbyn to some extent. They do not think he campaigned hard

:25:59.:26:01.

enough. They feel that this campaign has been a test of his leadership

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abilities and his skills and how we can connect with people and they

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think he has failed, some of them, not all of them. What has

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concentrated their minds is that they will get a new Conservative

:26:14.:26:16.

leader. We are early in this Parliament. It is likely that there

:26:17.:26:20.

could be another general election within a year. A lot of Labour MPs

:26:21.:26:25.

are thinking their seats could be in jeopardy, because do badly. That is

:26:26.:26:29.

what the review is, so this is driving a bit of a push. There will

:26:30.:26:34.

be this motion of no confidence which if it is accepted will then be

:26:35.:26:39.

a secret ballot on Tuesday, that in itself does not mean anything, it is

:26:40.:26:46.

indicative, but what might then follow as somebody may decide to

:26:47.:26:49.

challenge Jeremy Corbyn. It has been dismissed by the leadership who says

:26:50.:26:53.

he has the backing of the vast membership.

:26:54.:26:58.

50,000 people have already signed a petition of confidence in him by all

:26:59.:27:01.

accounts. On a wider picture, a divided nation, whoever ends up

:27:02.:27:08.

leading the Conservatives in October, Anderson is a general

:27:09.:27:12.

election, whoever wins that, has got to bring the country together. That

:27:13.:27:19.

is the striking thing, London, Scotland, but as far as the big

:27:20.:27:22.

districts are concerned, they all voted a different way. There is

:27:23.:27:27.

concern in the Tory party about a divided nation. A Tory Minister Lan

:27:28.:27:30.

Bassett a colleague about the bee that immigration was used in this

:27:31.:27:33.

debate. She thought it was offensive to people. She says the party is got

:27:34.:27:39.

to get back together over this but you think about today, we are going

:27:40.:27:42.

to leave the EU, it will change the way that we treat, how we travel,

:27:43.:27:47.

how we talk to the world. All that will unfold slowly over the next few

:27:48.:27:53.

months or years. We do not know yet what rule Britain will have, how it

:27:54.:27:57.

will look. Then there is David Cameron and his legacy. Not the

:27:58.:28:02.

legacy he wanted. Taking the country out of it EU, something he did not

:28:03.:28:06.

want. There is now the possibility of a second referendum in Scotland,

:28:07.:28:09.

Nicola Sturgeon making it clear it is highly likely there will be a

:28:10.:28:11.

second referendum. We are hearing that President Obama

:28:12.:28:19.

has been

:28:20.:28:21.

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