Getting Scotland to Work BBC Scotland Investigates

This is how many of us start the day. Many more would like to simply,

The number with no work to go to has risen sharply with the downturn,

and it's forecast to go on rising into next year. Meaning for many

Scots, there's little chance of a daily commute. For some of those,

How do we get out of the state we're in and get people back into

work? It's not that simple. It's really, really hard to try and get

a job. I'll be asking what politicians mean when they promise

opportunity. Politicians don't create jobs, and I think they

mislead people if they say they can create jobs. And I'll show how

we're competing in the global jobs market, in a way that could change

our working lives forever. If you find you're not getting good jobs

in Scotland, try your luck in India. You might find the climate also

better here. Tonight, I'll be asking, where are the next jobs

coming from, for you and your This week, the Chancellor will set

out his Budget. He's under pressure to spark some growth into the

economy. Growth brings jobs. A lack of it brings unemployment. That's

why we've seen a sharp increase in the number of people looking for

work. There are more than 2.5 million people unemployed across

the UK. In Scotland, that's more than 200,000. Across the UK, more

than a million young people are looking for work, unable to get

that first job. The last time I went for a job, it was here. I

became Business and Economy Editor for BBC Scotland. The morning I

started work, the British banking system fell over a cliff, and the

economy came to a juddering halt. It's been a day of turmoil on the

financial markets. An unqualified apology. Sorry. They did going up

to some stupid mistakes. Could this be a turn for the worse? 1,000 more

people were looking for work than during the previous month. It shows

the number of Scots seeking work up by 25,000. In the final three

months of last year, there were 16,000 more Scots looking for work

than in the previous quarter, taking the total to 201,000. While

the financial meltdown may have left millions across the world

looking for work, at least one group of people has been busily

employed - politicians. These are the people we often think can fix

the economy and create jobs. Why? Perhaps because they say they can.

It could provide another one 400,000 homes. We use your money

for every pound of taxpayers' money. The private sector put up about �6.

That will safeguard 325,000 jobs. Labour will abolish youth

unemployment by the end of the next Parliament. Jobs, jobs, jobs.

politicians create jobs? Is it the job of our governments to step in

and give us work? Or is their job mainly to avoid the blame?

Government isn't the answer in terms of can you just hire more and

more and more people. What government can do and must do is

create the kind of atmosphere, the kind of environment, the kind of

climate for business that makes Britain a real powerhouse for the

future, that makes it the place that international investors want

to come, build businesses, open plants, carrying out research and

development, and that makes Britain a fertile place for new

entrepreneurs to establish businesses and create jobs. That's

the only thing that politicians can do that is sustainable and long

lasting. So he thinks government should stay out of the way and help

business create the jobs. Last year, Scottish Labour pledged to create

250,000 jobs. But they didn't get elected. Do they stand by that

promise? I certainly would agree that we need to be more

interventionist. I would hesitate to start promising more. I think

that people are fed up of politicians promising the earth and

failing to deliver every time. But I think that this idea, clearly in

my lifetime we have lived through an era where the markets were seen

to be king. I think the lessons are that we have moved in the wrong

direction. That actually you have to have a balance. But what of

those who DID win power at Holyrood? I think politicians get

into a great deal of trouble if they go around saying, you know, as

certainly some of my predecessors have done, that, you know, we are

going to create X, Y and Z jobs if we do this and that. Politicians

don't create jobs and I think they mislead people if they say they can

create jobs. Politicians are responsible for dealing with the

economic conditions that we face and trying to make sure that those

economic conditions are as conducive as possible to creating

jobs. And that's the approach that What is the nature of the jobs

problem our politicians seek to This is Patrick Tausney. He's 45,

He's being helped by advisors with How did you get some of the

training? Bypassed. -- I passed. Excellent. We will make sure it is

updated with the new stuff. It is not simple laugh... These jobs are

coming on and if they go on the JobCentre website, there will be

150 people... We had a little laugh at this one. Picking up at the

airports. That is another one to have a look at. That is three for

the day. I understand the situation you're in. Before I started, I was

getting �8 an hour. The job market is not as strong. Maybe look at

these rates and get the applications in. Make sure the CV

is up-to-date. Get your foot in the door. There's nothing to stop you

I've been unemployed for 14 months. And all I have been doing is been

on the internet, looking for work, and writing away for jobs and not

getting any reply. Joining different contract companies and

getting told we're just using you as a figure. So other than that,

nothing. It makes you a bit lazy. You don't want to phone for any

more. It depresses you. You just think "What's the point of

phoning?" Cos you're not going to get it. Patrick has experienced

unemployment before. He's part of my generation that left school

during the recession of the early 1980s. Research shows that the bad

start many faced leads to repeated spells of unemployment and lower

pay, decades later. I left school, no exams. But you were barred from

the buroo until September, I think it was. Before you could get any

money. It was the period until I turned. This is 1982. Aye. So when

I turned 16, I went to the YTS. Now remind me, YTS was Youth Training

Scheme. Aye. Down in Clydebank, and it was environmental. Building

paths. I enjoyed it. Outdoor work. Then I finished that. Then the

opportunity of a community programme, I done that. Then

another one. Bouncing back and forward. There was a lot of people

doing that. Get yourself a good education. I was getting �25 a week.

You don't want to be doing that. What does it do to your mindset to

have been unemployed for more than a year? You just feel degraded. You

want to get nice stuff for your daughter. You want to get nice

clothes and that. You cannot give her that. You want to get stuff for

your house, You want a fridge, which is a luxury, the buroo tell

you. Just things like that. You miss out on things. These are hard

times for people like Patrick. Alan Sinclair has been helping the

unemployed find work for decades. At one time, you know, in the

market, you could roughly get by, by brawn, muscle, you know, you

worked on the Clyde or you had a labouring job. You know, if you

were the bottom end of the market or towards the end, there's a lot

of skilled people doing, you know, shipbuilding as well. But now the

types of skills that employers are looking for at a basic level, which

then the technical skill comes on top of, is an ability to talk and

listen, to work with people, to solve problems. You've worked in

government, close to government, in trying to solve employment prolems.

What have you learned about the capacity for government to solve

them? I think what's happened is we constantly look for short term

fixes to employment, and to our skills issues, when the issues that

we face are long term. They're long term because of the nature of how

demand is changing across the world. But it's also because of the types

of skills that our people have and do not have. Can politicians

understand some of these problems faced by unemployed people? Do they

even know what being out of work feels like? I've been made

redundant twice, so I know how worrying it is, not be sure what's

going to happen next. Not to be sure how and when you'll get

another job. I was lucky on both occasions that I was only out of

work for a relatively short period of time. A few weeks in one case, a

few months in another. But it is difficult and I do understand it's

one of the worst things that can happen to you. When I left

university in 1986, I didn't have a job to go to and I spent the best

part of 12 months moving between unemployment and short-term jobs. I

had a short-term job in the gas board, and a short-term job in a

restaurant. I had to make ends meet Opportunities to get into jobs are

not equal. Here in Oxford, students seem to have won the lottery of

life. While others face a tough fight to get started, many here are

destined for a job market that generously rewards the highest

Hertford College is the new workplace of economist, Will Hutton.

Despite the surroundings, he's angry. We live in a country in

which unemployment is high, rising, and going to stay high. A lost few

years will be a lost decade. This is not because the labour market

works badly. This is not because people aren't trying hard to find

work, it is almost entirely because there is insufficient demand for

goods and services, for people to buy that in turn will generate work.

And we should be bloody angry about running an economy when we have so

much capacity to do differently in this way. : There may be dreaming

spires here, but there's nothing dreamy about the jobs market for

most young people. It looks very bleak. I mean, many of them are

having to, even if they're well educated, having to take, you know,

internships for which they're not paid, having to build up a CV, of

experience for which they're not being paid. If they have got well-

off parents who will take care of them, and pay the, you know, pay

the bills, they can do that. But for, you know, ordinary kids, it's

really tough and they have to take whatever's on offer. And what's on

offer is often pretty scrappy. And for people at the bottom of the

labour market who haven't got skills, I mean, you go through what

the jobs are like in the job centre on offer. And you can see, you know,

not the employers don't guarantee to provide even the minimum wage,

there's no benefits, there's no guaranteed holiday, these are, you

know, really exploitative forms of employment in which there's

virtually no job protection whatsoever. I mean, this is the

labour market as we've allowed it We can be angry at those who have

sued the markets, big business and politicians. What can we do to get

help? In centres around the country, staff were helping people. A lot of

people will say, I need any job. You realise that is not true, they

may not be aware of the skills they have, what employers are looking

for, modern recruitment procedures. We take them back again, write to

the beginning, to find out what they have got to offer, what their

skills are, what are they looking forward in a job? Is it a career?

Is it a particular area that they want to be involved in? Make sure

they are aware of what it is demanding and look at the next step

to take them further. For many, just entering the world of work is

hard work itself. 16-year-old David McLeod has been unemployed since

leaving school last summer. Was its -- a shock to you when you find

things so tough? Growing up, you always imagined yourself, I will do

this or that Andy King did is easy. I thought I am leaving school and

will get a job and get some work. You realise it is not that simple.

It is really, really hard to get a job. These programmes like

targeting pathways, they help. They get you �55 a week and stuff and

you travel expenses. It is hard to do that because there are not many

jobs. It used to be that each generation could hope for more,

better, higher earnings. With big structural changes, the job market

no longer offers that. Your dreams can seem impossibly distant. If we

were talking about dreams, it would just be to have money, family, a

couple of kids, nice house and car. Reality, I can see myself on

minimum wage, maybe have once weaned or something. How does that

make you feel? You can say that it is frustrating and stuff but that

is how it is, one is a dream, one is a reality. Reality is that when

you have got to face. David is in a training programme and has

supportive parents but many school- leavers are in a worse state. The

most recent figures show a 90,000 young Scots are seeking work. Some

blame schools, but perhaps you have to go further back. When the age of

about three, if I had managed to get into work in the future, you

are a lost cause. Do your parents talk to you? Be you respond? The

you know how to play with toys? Do you know how to play with friends?

Do you resolve conflict? If you watch young children engaging with

one another, they knocked lumps out of each other occasionally, but

there is a lot of conflicts that their resolve between themselves,

especially with a little bit of support. What about those who have

had nurture and upbringing and for whom education has been a better

fit? This is one of Glasgow's leading independent schools and

this group is getting ready to leave. I have applied for dentistry

so I will have five years of training. Afterwards, I would train

as a dentist. Did you every think of not going to university? No.

am sure my parents were petrified because I said I wanted to do music.

I looked at pure physics but I decided mechanical engineering was

what I wanted to study. It is important that you do something you

enjoy what you are still thinking about the future. I am applying to

biology courses at the moment and hopefully doing teaching after that.

I have applied to history and art but I want a gap year first. I come

from a family that has predominantly study medicine, my

dad was a physiotherapist at my sister is studying medicine. I have

learnt throughout my life how important education is. I need do

this because I need a job, I need la blah blah, I need a secure

future. You do something you hit? What way is that you spend your

life? There are a lot more opportunities to work abroad.

easier than our parents' generation. If I know people working in Germany

and places like that. I want to work in New York. I have family

there and my family are looking to move there eventually. I feel at

the opportunities there are endless. I am grateful of how good we have

got it. We are surrounded by people telling us we are never going to

get a job and a degree World Cup and you should get a job now, I

fear you should just do the best with what you have now and prepare

for the future as best you can. There's plenty of evidence that the

job market favours women as the values people skills over brawn.

For these confident young women, the world of work is an opportunity,

something to be enjoyed. It does not look like a series of obstacles.

It helps to be prepared for obstacles when you hit them.

new generation of aircraft was due to arrive this year. More than

1,600 jobs are on the line... more than 70 years, RAF Kinloss on

the Moray coast closed as an airbase last summer. Cuts in

defence spending led to the scrappage of the Nimrod fleet. 400

military and civilian staff face job losses or a move elsewhere.

This is where they came together to fix this. It started as a canteen.

They decided they wanted to open a work club at Kinloss. They open the

work club on a Monday. -- they opened. They decided to set about

getting computers, tables, jobs, paper, rotas. Sure enough, on the

Monday it was open and we started and have been running for a year.

The Job Club is dealing with a large-scale version of a process

many of us will face in the -- in our careers. Starting again. Many

people have been in the military for 30 a Rob Edwards years. It is

alien for them to actually start a new job but they are highly

intelligent people and with a little bit of support and help, it

is an easy job for them to train. Adrian Flanagan is one of those

making this journey. After 26 years detecting submarines, he has been

detected by the offshore oil industry. They need to know what is

on the seabed. If you want to put cables on the seabed, positioning,

that industry is growing, they also need to know what is on the seabed.

Noise is the main medium of finding out what is there. My skills are at

a premium. I initially we were shocked at the way the government

was outside the military. We have had time to think about it and

understand our skills are valuable. Not only have I found a job outside,

my colleagues have as well and have decided to stay in the local area,

which helps the local area as well as individuals. Not everyone has

reached this stage. You yourself are facing redundancy? Yes, I have

two months left. I have got to start looking for myself soon.

anything of interest? I keep looking at the board's! I am not

worried about Colin. He was in special sort -- special forces and

to say he is resource for is an understatement. The uncertainty is

repeated throughout the country and it is about more than does the

current economic downturn. Even before be credit crunch, we faced

huge changes in the way we work, driven by some of the defining

forces of the modern world. One of them was technology. Another is

globalisation, with barriers coming down, jobs going elsewhere and

people on the move in search of work opportunities. Pawel Dziedzic

is one of almost half a million Polish workers who have made been

moved to Britain in the past decade. He settled in Edinburgh where he

works for the city's Apex hotel group. What brought you here?

lack of jobs. And lack of perspective. I was 28 and did not

see myself over there to be honest. That is why I'm here. When a much

lower wages? Oh, definitely. Even if I was in Poland for a couple of

years, there was not enough money to keep me going. What is it you

get out of the work there you do, what is most enjoyable? Obviously,

getting paid every month is a motivation. What else keeps you

going? The people I am working wife, they are my friends. This is my

third job. I'm still keeping in touch with the people I was working

with in previous jobs as well. I have best friends in here and that

I have met in my first job. I am enjoying it as well. I have got

good paid -- good feedback from people, it is a good feeling.

Scotland's hospitality industry employs 175,000 workers. It is

looking for a particular core skills. I am looking for the very

basics. Somebody who is smart, well-groomed, who turned up on time,

if not before time. Somebody who smiles naturally, someone who can

hold eye-contact. I am looking for somebody who can give me examples

of how they have dealt with things who have -- which are, in their

life, whether that is a disagreement or have how they have

lit to resolve it, how they have helped somebody in the past. I am

looking to see how they deal with a scenario. I'm not looking for a

bog-standard answers, I'm looking for creative answers, for a spark.

When you have interviewed if you Times, you can get a bit of a good

instinct as to whether someone has that sport. -- interviewed a few

times. Banks, by. These are not glamorous jobs. The service culture

requires consistent high standards. The awards are in pay and customer

satisfaction. This woman is now a housekeeping supervisor, a long way

from her training as a paramedic. If I see a smile or he -- or I hear

eight, from my guests saying it was a great job, then it makes my day

because I know we all worked for it, for the result. Obviously, people

are coming back. That is what we won. -- what we want. Polish people,

we are hard working. I have not met anyone who is avoiding work. I am

quite happy with my employees. I think we always try our best. It is

quite hard to get a job so if you have got it, you always try your

best to do as much as you can't to get your manager satisfied. -- as

much as you can. Why is it that employers choose polls and other

migrants when there are home-grown recruits? -- the Polish? If I look

at it through a Marise, coming to a new country is a big deal. Does

this need to work out? Absolutely. There has to be an aspect of, I

need to give this 100% because if I do not, someone will take my job.

When you hear people say there we should restrict migrant numbers, as

one who employs migrants, how do you respond? It is up to employers

across all industries to select the right person for the job and I

don't think... I don't think they flow of migrant workers should have

an impact on who you select at the end of the day. It is whoever comes

in front of you and performs best on the day it will be the right

person for the job. However, this is an area where politics will

continue to play a role. To me, the priority is about getting our young

unemployed people who have not had a job yet, those who are struggling

to get back into the workplace, our priorities should be about making

sure they have the skills and opportunity to get into work, not

simply filling the opportunities we have in this country with people

coming from overseas. I do not think that there is evidence that

foreigners are taking our jobs. If anything, the fact that they are

using our goods and services, are sources of employment. To blame

foreigners for our condition is wrong. Let's try to get beyond the

blame game. What might the answer be? Assuming you have taken all the

best advice, where is your next job coming from? Really be your own

boss? 274,000 Scots are now a self- employed. Is anyone out there

creating a job for you? More than two-thirds of Scott's work in a

private or third sector. Could Merlin healthcare is an ambitious

new company. Its managing director, David Kent. My background was in

corporate banking. In England and then in Scotland. In line with many

other businesses at the time, in 2009, the UK credit market dried up,

the credit crunch was kicking off and this was quite a negative time

to be in any bank so I took the plunge. Sold my house. I did not

want to be shackled by a mortgage. I joined this company and we spent

a few years fire-fighting to keep the wolf from the door. We sold the

business in January and we have set up Merlin and I have not looked

back. These look like simple bits of brightly coloured plastic. They

are in fact disposable clinical waste bins. NHS contracts can be

worth millions to produce these. You push the lid on, poppet shut.

It has clips underneath to put it in place. These go to hospitals,

vets... Anywhere with surgeries. The Lynne curry employs six people.

They hope to employ more, perhaps up to 30, within the next year.

What about manufacturing? They wanted to in Scotland but the

numbers only stack up if it is done cheaply in China. It is cheaper for

us to make these, 10-15% in terms of final retail price, in spite of

the fact you have to ship them from China, p import duty, insure them,

you potentially have to wait somewhere from three to six months.

You have to fund that cash flow process as well. In spite of all of

these factors, it is still cheaper to make them in China than in this

country. If we are looking for signs of hope, there are some

places creating jobs in the downturn. This is a fabrication

yard in Easter Ross. It wants pumped 100,000,000,008 -- �100,000

a year into the economy. Now it carries the memories of those boom

You can imagine winter in 1972, where they began to create an

sculpt this thing out of nothing. It was Americans, people from Texas,

who came and did it. They taught Highlanders, crofters, painters,

local tradesmen, howl to the oil and gas fabricators. They took to

it really well. It closed nine years ago, but it was recently

bought by engineering specialists, global engineering group. Douglas

was in charge of getting the site open again. We will be making sure

this becomes the centre, a port, a harbour, as well as fabrication.

is looking to train and employ more than 1,000 people, building the

renewable energy industry alongside oil and gas. Being able to be in a

situation where we can bring new and exciting jobs back into

engineering in the north of Scotland is a great thing to be

able to do for this area. They will be able to find work in similar

spheres as their parents, grandparents, who came here in the

1970s. But in new industries, new engineering opportunities for

Scotland. We can apply innovation and techniques we have learnt in

the oil and gas. We can take them into new North Sea opportunities in

the marine business. So amid all the gloom, there are some hopes to

be found. Old industries can adapt and create jobs if they can get the

people in. That will be good for the economy. Westminster ministers

are banking on this happening. key thing, firstly, is it is

already the case that the private- sector has been increasing

employment across the hall of the UK over the last 18 months faster

than the public sector has been reducing employment. What has

happened over the last 15 years is the Labour Party in power increased

steadily the number of people employed in the public sector to a

level there was not affordable in the long term. That is what we have

to address. We don't want to reduce employment in the public sector, we

have no choice. Opponents say the unemployment statistics are

evidence that that market has failed. The markets will not

deliver the jobs we need as a society. For example, the Adam

Smith few of the economy, this view there's an invisible hand, that

these decisions are politically neutral, has now been questioned.

We can see we have an economy in which the values of greed, dare I

say selfishness, certainly the pursuit of wealth have over ridden

The Common Good, the social good, that the economy should be there to

defend and back-up. It should be based on that. What has been

happening, and it is very acute in Scotland, is that 70% of all net

jobs growth in Scotland, from 1997- 2007, the year before the crash,

came from the public sector. A period when it couldn't have been

more favourable for the private sector. Credit growth, still it can

generate jobs. What the public sector was doing in those years was

being an employer of last resort. What the coalition has done is

remove that capacity completely. It spells a prolonged period of very

high unemployment in Britain, a lost decade. The Scottish

Government is aiming to avoid compulsory redundancies in the

public sector. And it's pledging to spend on capital building projects

like the proposed �1.6 billion new Forth Crossing. Can these measures

We've had some recent comments from Morrison Construction about how the

Scottish government's got its act together about capital programmes

in a way the UK government hasn't. And I think that what we have also

done is set out an ambitious programme of economic interventions

and concentration on some key sectors of the economy, whether

that's renewables and the energy field in general, or the life

sciences sector, or financial services or creative industries, or

tourism and leisure. So all of these key sectors, and that focus

on making things happen in Scotland, create the conditions in which

business can prosper. But crucially, there has to be a more confident

economic climate in which those Many of the sectors that could and

should grow in Scotland depend on new technologies. Now, my work's

changed hugely in the quarter century since I trained on a

typewriter. Now I depend on email, and on this smart phone. I can take

my office anywhere. Work any time. But the telecom connections that

work for me can also work for other people a long way off. If things

can be done on a screen like this, they can be done anywhere around

India is driving big change for workers all around the world.

Beyond the stereotype, you'll find what's happening here is affecting

An awesomely diverse nation of 1.2 billion people, the trading culture

In this Tibetan market in old Delhi, traders come down from their

Himalayan hill towns each winter. It's the foundation on which

they're building another, modern Almost everywhere you go in India,

you're assaulted by the heat and the dust and the chaos,

particularly of the traffic, and the smell of food cooking. This is

the very heart of India's capital, Delhi. It's not typical. I'm not

sure anywhere is. But it shows some of the layers of the modern India.

There's still the poverty there, the people begging. But there's

also the international brands, and the new middle class who come to

spend a lot of money here. There's roughly 300 million people in that

new middle class with money to burn. That's the same population of the

United States. And you can sense from them and where they're

spending their money on those international brands that this is a

city which sees itself increasingly as a world city at the heart of an

Over the past ten years, India has seen rapid growth. Up to 9% a year.

It's growing its own global corporations. And it's in places

like this, one of the country's many business schools, where

India's smart young graduates are learning to be the future masters

Wonderful education. They are trying to identify various segments.

Population makes very nice. Population density, very nice.

school sits in an area near Delhi where 80,000 students are finishing

their business education. They're looking abroad for the best

expertise. And look who's providing it. This is Strathclyde

University's first move into India's vast higher education

market. This purpose-built campus currently houses just six students

on a pilot year. In a few months, the first full cohort begins. And

within a couple of years, that will grow to 300 undergraduate and MBA

students. Laxmana Sandeep is one of the first. I was already aware of

Strathclyde's reputation in Glasgow, so I sent them a mail inquiring

about their Indian programme, but once they said that they were

opening an Indian campus, I just fell off my chair with joy. So,

being in India and getting UK's education, I mean, that was

something like an icing on a cake. I'm going to ask you a question.

It's a bit like being in a job interview, but where do you think

you'll be in five or ten years' time? I will be a manager who will

be dealing with the issues related to finance, because finance is my

interest. I would see myself as a manager. Where are you going to

work? Is it in India, or are you going to be overseas? In India.

not overseas? Overseas? Let me start off in an Indian company and,

afterwards, I'll be more geared up A place here is a big investment

for their families. They take it very seriously. Because there's a

lot of competition. The potential of India is the population of youth.

If I am not mistaken, India has got the most number of youths that is

below 25 in the whole world. This gives a huge competitive edge over

countries like China. Which is the main competitor of India currently.

The people are modern, they are outgoing, they know what the

changes are going in the external market and they know how to compete

with each other. Professor Bhimaraya Metri is Dean of the

Business School. So education is important in India because you know,

you see last, you know, half decade or so the country's growing faster

than the many leading economies, you know. It is, if you look at the

growth of economy, is faster in... India is second fastest growing

economy. And, the second most reason, I think the population, you

know, more than, you know, you can say 54% of Indian population is

less than 30 years of age, so the youngest population is more and all

have to you know, in India mostly everybody undergo the higher

The sheer scale of what's happening is pretty staggering to a visiting

journalist. Economic commentator Paranjoy Guha Thakurta has been

watching India's clamour for See, for one section of India,

they're already living in California. But I think even this

section of India realises that there's at least a third of India,

which is living in sub-Saharan Africa. As a result of which,

there's one section of India, the urban upper classes and the upper

middle classes, the elite in India, they're sort of raring to go, they

want to tell the world that, you know, we can hold our head high in

the community of nations. We are as good as anybody in the world.

India's traditionally protected its markets - its firms selling to

other Indians. But it's now targeting those services which can

be traded internationally. That's opened some jobs to global

Shall I sit here? The things I do for the BBC! Let's hope Sweeney

There is one thing that cannot be outsourced to India and did his

hairdressing and for the services. -- it is. It has to be done very

close to home. That is why there is not much risk of British

hairdressing were Barbara's being sourced anywhere in India. --

Barbara's. India's emerging middle class is booming by selling

services to us in the rest of the world. One of the most successful

services is BPO. Som Mittal speaks on behalf of the sector. We employ

white collar, highly skilled professionals. Talent is our entry

standard. We have a very large pool of talent. This year, we would

expect 650,000 trainers to pass out from our colleges and about one

million new people will enrol. Capacity is being built in terms of

education. This is where the huge challenge comes were as back home.

Some UK businesses are bringing back their call centre operations.

The cost advantages were outweighed the -- by language barriers and

quality. That does not stop work for migrating to India. It is not

what it's done at the end of a phone line that matters. Almost

anything handled on screen can be handled anywhere there are skilled

workers. This is a business processing camp was run by Tata

Consultancy Services just outside Delhi. They employ a quarter of a

million people. 7,000 are based here. They manage and analysed

research data from major US pharmaceutical companies. Do you

think that people around the rest of the world, he quite often

associate India with call centres, have they got the wrong idea?

is not totally right. We have a major chunk of Indians working in

BPOs but they have shifted now. We have technical expertise and

software skills as well. In BPO, you use the software skills. When

you think your career is going to go? You do not have an MBA. You

want to get one? Not right now but, yes. Does everybody here want an

MBA? It is not an given but it is an interest. I think I will, but

after four years. You have good years, what happens next? I am

looking for a Rome. This offer -- and his company offers flexibility.

You can change a work so I am looking for more aspirational roles.

It looks like a standard canteen, for those who like curry. Just

about everyone here is an Engineer, scientist or business graduate.

There are few limits to the kind of work that can be brought to places

like this, from peril and accounting to legal services and

data analysis. -- pay roll. They work at American time-zones, their

minds are set to double. They are confident about themselves, their

future. My friends are in the US and the UK. What they presume about

India is that it is a land of snakes and desert and an educated

people and stuff like that. But it is not like that. India is

something other than what the world use it to be. It is going to be a

huge power in the coming years. These people are breaking down

barriers and competing with a new generation of Scots and others

around the world. They are competing hard with high skills at

lower cost, and that worries already strained Western government.

Thanks to the great recession, the issue has become hotter. Bangalore

is a dirty word. Barack Obama talks about jobs in Buffalo, not

Bangalore. If standards of living are no work, if people are willing

to work harder for a lower wages, then that is the way of the world.

40% of the population of this planet live in India and China.

From the point of view of somebody in Scotland whose job could move to

India, what would you say? You have to reset -- accept reality. If

reality is harsh, it is better to recite -- except it and run away.

If you find you're not getting the jobs in Scotland, try your luck in

India. You might find a climate also better here! Britain's

relationship with India is a long and complex one. This was a great

global economy long before it was colonised. Like its Chinese labour,

it is becoming one again, largely on Asia's terms. It can be hard to

make sense of India. Somebody once said that whatever you think about

it, the opposite is also probably true. One thing beyond doubt is his

is a country shaving our futures. It is clearly an Asian civilisation

but it is also a very young country and the attitude of M People are

striking. There is a sense that there is no limit to what they can

achieve. There is a terrific self- belief. That is a bigger challenge

than I am have -- I had expected to those of us in our -- in the West

to our way of life and thinking. Trade brings advantages back to

Scotland. Indians invest in business, this he escorts, more in

Jane tourists. -- whisky exports and more in the interests. --

Indian tourists. We should be getting used to change. I do not

have to come far from my office to see how much the economy has to

change in Glasgow. This used to be a quayside where sugar, cotton and

tobacco came up the Clyde from Britain's colonies. Shipbuilding

and other industries would said exports down the Clyde. That

industry has declined. This became a relic -- regeneration site. Since

then, you can see the symbol and the reality of how much Glasgow has

changed. The conference centre and hotels, which represents a

hospitality and leisure industry, the big employer in Scotland.

Glasgow University, the knowledge economy, vital to our future. And

this has become a digital quarter for a creative industries. There is

a lot of waste land, which is awaiting the up turn for new

buildings. That move from an old to a new economy shows that Scotland

has resilience and you can see that resilience in individual workers as

well. 30 years ago, this was my first job. As a student, I would

pick up seasonal work as a post van, a good way to earn extra cash. It's

delays. A lot of people are choosing these jobs. Most years,

the Royal Mail get 70,000 applications for Christmas work.

This year it got 110,000. Jamie Duff the job all year round. He is

a good example of an adaptable worker. You had a career in

buildings management. What put you off? To many are as, unsociable

hours. I had a young family and I was missing out. I decided to

change. It has worked for you in that you are now working the are is

that you want to be working in a job to find fulfilling? -- working

the hours that you want to be working. It is hard work. I am good

for a laugh as well. He is thinking about the future. My children are

19, 16, 12, 11 and two. By that is quite a handful! 1 is studying for

a? At university to be a teacher. My oldest boy is creative, he could

be a joiner or a cut but is also involved in sports. The 12-year-old,

he excelled at sport as well. would not say I was a pushy parent

but I would much prefer that they did something that they enjoyed

done something that they hated. did not know what they meant when

they said �30 tapes would be the maximum... That would be bribery!

Jamie is adaptable, upbeat and resilient. Is that what you need to

get and keep a job? The thing I always say to anyone looking for a

job is don't lose heart, believing yourself, believe you can do mid.

There is an opportunity out there for everyone. I said that to a

panel of young people I talked to on the BBC Newsnight programme. A

few weeks later I have an e-mail from one of them he said, you were

right, I did think long and hard and believed in myself and have

just got my first job and it is great. When that happens, it is

worthwhile. People have to remain very focused on trying to get back

into the labour market. They have got to remain on the front foot. I

know it is difficult. I know it is difficult. It is the case that

economic conditions will improve and that people may be need to

retrain to get into employment. The opportunities are there to do that

and big government wants to create the best economic conditions to

create new jobs in Scotland. As we have learned, the challenge goes a

long way beyond politics. The 21st century, we will be experimenting

with new social forms. Trade unions stewed transmute into organisations

which they themselves hire out the people they employ eight to this

unstable world of the private sector. -- in Foy at. It will

charge their services to the private sector. We have got to be

intuitive about social institutions and not sit on our bombs and say,

this is the world as it is, it cannot be changed. We need civil

society to come up with answers and trade unions to come up with

answers and for government to be imaginative and innovative. I have

two images. I remember city and were oofle dust. -- I remember city.

The other image is politicians see themselves as in charge of some

great signal box in the sky. That they can pull a lever and that it

will go that way in change. It does not happen quite as short term as

that. The end of our working day, for some, a blurring of the

boundaries were work stops and the rest of our lives starts.

Technology gives millions of us the freedom to take work home, anywhere,

anytime. For many people it is not freedom. If you are lucky enough to

have a job you may find you are working harder and love Ferraris.