06/03/2017 Inside Out East Midlands


06/03/2017

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Tonight, the tiny babies who are beating the odds.

:00:00.:00:08.

Well, take a deep breath, we may have found

:00:09.:00:20.

Anything which helps promote electric vehicles as not milk-float

:00:21.:00:27.

stereotypes has got to be a good thing.

:00:28.:00:33.

How this from Derbyshire hill farmer became

:00:34.:00:36.

We're in Nottingham to bring you the stories

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This is Inside Out for the East Midlands.

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Tiny infants, born months before their

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due date and so underdeveloped that they are unable to breathe,

:01:05.:01:07.

New treatments which are being tested here in the East

:01:08.:01:12.

Midlands mean more are now surviving against the odds.

:01:13.:01:15.

But pushing back the boundaries comes with huge

:01:16.:01:19.

costs, not just for the NHS, but often for the long-term health of

:01:20.:01:23.

Harry was born four months before his due date at

:01:24.:01:34.

Bred when she started having contractions, I was on the floor

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crying. Because they tell you truthfully how it is.

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He weighed just under a pound, less than half a bag of sugar.

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He was really tiny. His skin was really delicate. It was almost

:02:08.:02:14.

see-through. Every week, every day,

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a baby spends in his mother's womb, So when it is thrust into the world

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before it is ready, the baby faces Every day or week the baby stays

:02:25.:02:47.

inside its mother's stomach, they develop more. Everything the

:02:48.:02:50.

chewers. They're much more likely to survive in are born. They also get

:02:51.:02:58.

more anti-infection factors from the mother so they are able to fight

:02:59.:02:59.

mother so they are able to fight things off.

:03:00.:03:02.

babies are improving their chances of survival.

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It means they can tackle some of the heart and bowel

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And trials in Leicester and Nottingham are changing

:03:13.:03:18.

We give babies a protein found naturally in breast milk and we know

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that it helps to fight infection and it improves immunity and we know it

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can help with the maturation in the gut. So makes it easier for them to

:03:39.:03:40.

tolerate being fed. it and that has now

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risen to around 80%. Survival rates are

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improving every year. Leon is one of the lucky babies

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to benefit from He arrived almost three months

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earlier and has already survived several

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life-threatening traumas. He is being treated and he is the

:04:00.:04:03.

baby who is clinically stable. Doctors are now so worried

:04:04.:04:18.

about his bowels, they've decided to A generation ago, he would

:04:19.:04:21.

have had to survive on sugared water and may

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not have recovered. We were concerned there may be some

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kind of infection, so in this situation, is getting a special

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nutritional fluid where we can give him a carbohydrates, protein,

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liquids, all signs of -- kinds of vitamins and micro elements. They

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said there were going to stop feeding him for a week, but they

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don't do anything to hurt him, they want to help him. Everyday is like a

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roller-coaster, one day we just have a cuddle and on other days, he asked

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to stay in the incubator. -- he has to stay in the incubator.

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I wasn't sure if she was going to live.

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Like all babies of that age, she could not breathe, swallow or

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cry and had to be fed through a vein.

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It was hard yesterday and there have been days when I've walked in here

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and she was being helped to breed. -- brief.

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New treatments like these to check for and prevent

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blindness are helping to limit disabilities.

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Some babies they are so weak even though nurse was a minister

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breathing. no attempt was made

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to resuscitate extremely

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premature babies. Neonatal units were basic

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and so was the treatment. This one has to be given nourishment

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with a feeder like a fountain pen filler. Surely it is born, the

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weaker is its hold on life and the greater its helplessness.

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reached the viable limit for human life.

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Survival rates may be improving, but there are still

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I fear we are probably at the limit of where we will go with the

:06:39.:06:47.

smallest babies. I don't think that is necessarily right. It's more

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about how we can improve the quality of the survival. We just need to get

:06:57.:07:04.

a gas. New research shows that many

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premature babies also have mental and behavioural

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problems as they get older. The most common difficulty a

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premature baby will face as it gets old are in the areas of cognition.

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Difficulties with memory, thinking, problem solving and particular

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difficulties with attention. Also, social and emotional problems and

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those kind of problems have a major impact on how children perform at

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school. born at 23 weeks survive

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and few babies born so early will go

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on to lead a healthy life. Because so many face

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lifelong complications, some doctors question the financial

:08:05.:08:05.

cost of treating them. Intel is care is expensive, so

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intensive care in this hospital costs about a day per cot. So if

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you're testing a new cancer treatment, you ask what the cost of

:08:24.:08:27.

it is and how many years extra life will give someone, quality added

:08:28.:08:32.

life. We are one of the bully specialties where you can get an

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entire lifetime. Further baby does well, and they go home and they have

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a normal life, that you have gained a huge amount and that has to be

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offset against the cost upward. He's just reached his

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due date and he has gone home weighing

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seven-and-a-half pounds. It was quite scary to watch. But

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they were doing the best for him and without the help, he would not be

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here. They can do amazing things these days. 20 years ago maybe, you

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would not have been here. And in the same week,

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Leon has recovered from his bowel complications

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and has left hospital. We are really, really happy to get

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him home with us. We don't have to go to hospitals, so it is easier for

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us. Life is easier. How is he? He is very good. He doesn't sleep at

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night, but that's normal apparently. He's a good boy. In the unit, you

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will see picture boards with pictures of children going to school

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and children going on get their degree at University that were

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ex-patient's ear. Whilst there is a lot to lose and they can be a very

:10:09.:10:12.

emotional place from our point of view, there's also the most to gain.

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And a huge thank you to the medical staff and parents who allowed us to

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It's estimated that air pollution is responsible

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for shortening our lives in the UK by six months, and even

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worse, Nottingham is one of the cities with the dirtiest air.

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Determined to clean up its act, the UK's first priority lane for

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ultralow emission vehicles will soon open here.

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Simon Hare has been investigating if it will work and

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what we can learn from our neighbours in Norway.

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Imagine going out to your car each morning and and the tank is full and

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all at a fraction of the cost of the traditional petrol

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Well, that is the reality for Simon MacArthur.

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He's taking me for a driving his Tesla model S.

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It is my first ever time an electric car.

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It is quite an expensive car, but the savings I am making from the

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fuel, the fact that there is no road tax - there were some tax

:11:34.:11:37.

benefits from purchasing it through my company -

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the stars aligned and it seemed like a great choice.

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Not only do get something that's really nice

:11:44.:11:46.

to drive, really nifty, but you also get something that is putting

:11:47.:11:49.

Yes, by NOT putting something into the environment.

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In the past, drivers in the UK were encouraged to buy diesel cars.

:11:53.:12:03.

But now we're being told they're having big impact

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What reaction did you get from family and friends

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Did everyone think you were about to start hugging trees?

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But the first sort of office joke was,

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you're driving around in a milk float.

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It got pretty thin that particular joke, but it soon

:12:25.:12:27.

disappeared when they tried to race me away from a set

:12:28.:12:29.

It does make a big difference, your peer group and what

:12:30.:12:45.

But attitudes are changing. Nottingham City Council

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It is building the UK's first so-called

:12:51.:12:56.

As well as buses, the extra lane in either direction

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on the A612 will be for ultralow emission vehicles like Simon's

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Why is Nottingham at the forefront of this?

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Well, we'll know that air is becoming of

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increasing concern and it is the health

:13:19.:13:20.

risk around emissions, so we

:13:21.:13:24.

think initiatives like this will encourage people to buy greener

:13:25.:13:29.

vehicles and that way we will improve the air we breathe.

:13:30.:13:36.

So the idea being, people coming in from

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the eastern side of Nottingham, stuck in the middle

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and the look at these electric cars flying into town,

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they will think, I will have one of those instead.

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It will mean they get to their destination at little bit

:13:50.:13:56.

Just incentivising people to get these cleaner vehicles which to

:13:57.:14:02.

But some campaigners are worried if electric

:14:03.:14:17.

cars take off here, the

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knock-on effect could be congested bus lanes.

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This scheme could be a victim of its own success.

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So if it succeeds and attracts very large

:14:25.:14:26.

numbers of electric cars, then of course

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the lane will clog up and the

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And the idea is really to persuade others to

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In here in Norway, they've been encouraging

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I've come to the capital Oslo which is also known as the world where

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Christina, here we have a typical scene in Oslo.

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Cars at the side of the road being charged up.

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The charges here are more or less full

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There are more than a thousand of these charging points in

:15:05.:15:15.

the city where drivers can plug in free.

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The latest example of how city officials are making it cheaper

:15:21.:15:22.

Local pollution is a big problem in a lot of cities.

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Here in Oslo, they even banned diesel

:15:32.:15:33.

vehicles from the city centre for a day when

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pollution levels go dangerously high.

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Norway is now helping the shift to happen faster, which is

:15:45.:15:47.

Tax and road toll breaks, plus access to bus lanes at

:15:48.:15:55.

peak times, such as Nottingham's proposed eco-expressway, have also

:15:56.:15:58.

helped sales of new plug-in cars to rise.

:15:59.:16:05.

So fast, in fact, they're on the verge of overtaking petrol

:16:06.:16:07.

I've come to meet the man who is the driving

:16:08.:16:14.

And he supports what is being done in the East

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Congratulations to Nottingham, because that is a good

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Actually, we did the same, and I can assure you it is a

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fantastic feeling driving in from the suburbs in the morning and

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seeing the queue just standing close to you.

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But remember that warning from the Nottingham

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Well, there are now so many electric vehicles

:16:51.:16:52.

here in Oslo, by the bus lanes have become congested as well.

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At the moment, you have to be two people in

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an electric vehicle during the rush hour.

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That started late last year and we can seat is getting better so

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at the moment, more and more people are driving together and a good

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It is between seven and nine o'clock.

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What do I do, I take my wife to work.

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It's nice to use this lane, but I don't think we will have

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its a very long time, because there aren't so many

:17:21.:17:24.

electric cars in Oslo we are occupying the lane for the

:17:25.:17:28.

buses and that was not the intention.

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What lessons can Nottingham learn from Oslo?

:17:45.:17:46.

There have been problems with bus lanes getting clogged

:17:47.:17:48.

Yes, but they're probably quite far off that situation in Nottingham,

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but first of all, I think it's good that they do this.

:17:53.:17:55.

It's those incentives that make the shift

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I think people who are sceptical about electric cars haven't tried

:17:58.:18:05.

So with that, the Norwegian Electric Vehicle Owners' Association

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is letting me take one of its cars for a ride.

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Despite the concerns of my cameraman.

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When pulling into that lane, I initially failed to

:18:19.:18:29.

It just happened to belong to the National

:18:30.:18:37.

But apart from my bad driving, I soon forgot there was

:18:38.:18:41.

anything different about WHAT I was driving.

:18:42.:18:48.

Of course, one electric car will not save our world, because there

:18:49.:18:51.

are other problems with smog and other things.

:18:52.:18:53.

I just enjoy driving this car, it is quiet, fast and electric!

:18:54.:19:10.

Finally tonight, from a humble hill farm in North Derbyshire to the head

:19:11.:19:13.

of MI6, Maurice Oldfield's career reads like a work of dramatic

:19:14.:19:16.

Through an uncanny ability to read the next moves of his

:19:17.:19:19.

rivals, he became one of the most respected

:19:20.:19:22.

figures in the history of

:19:23.:19:25.

But as I've been discovering, it was his

:19:26.:19:28.

own final career move that meant, for Maurice, that there was

:19:29.:19:31.

It's 1979, the height of the Cold War and a new BBC drama has

:19:32.:19:47.

I've got a story to tell you and it's all about spies.

:19:48.:19:58.

And our story is all about spies, too.

:19:59.:20:00.

So how did Maurice Oldfield, born and brought up

:20:01.:20:07.

in this tiny Derbyshire village, end up becoming head of MI6 and the

:20:08.:20:10.

inspiration for Alec Guinness as George Smiley?

:20:11.:20:25.

George Smiley, a lovely, darling man.

:20:26.:20:31.

Pat Philby has lived in this village most of his life.

:20:32.:20:41.

Even as a young boy, Pat says Maurice

:20:42.:20:46.

had the makings of a tactical genius.

:20:47.:20:51.

Even at the junior school in the village, he was always the leader.

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He thought of all the ideas, all the scams and things. He made the

:21:00.:21:02.

bullets and gobby overlaps to fire them. And even in those days, you

:21:03.:21:09.

realised just how intelligent he was.

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The school he went to was a two-mile walk each way.

:21:13.:21:21.

But, as it turned out, Maurice Oldfield was

:21:22.:21:23.

His reward for this academic brilliance was a place at

:21:24.:21:31.

It was while studying there that he started

:21:32.:21:37.

doing security work in the Middle East,

:21:38.:21:38.

from Manchester University would still have been something of an

:21:39.:21:54.

outsider inside the service. Most of them came from Oxbridge.

:21:55.:21:58.

But Maurice Oldfield and spy work proved an excellent

:21:59.:22:00.

Bred academic qualities suited the work he was doing and I think he did

:22:01.:22:14.

quite close, it intends intelligence information, collecting and shifting

:22:15.:22:16.

information and deciding what was relevant and what was not.

:22:17.:22:18.

It was such a good fit that he rose to

:22:19.:22:20.

When anybody achieves chief inside MI6, they've done exceptionally

:22:21.:22:33.

well, because often, it is riven by factions. There are other officers

:22:34.:22:38.

who wants to get to the top but he achieved it. He got up the greasy

:22:39.:22:42.

pole as it were. And he made it. That is a very difficult thing to

:22:43.:22:44.

do. But this bookish, quiet

:22:45.:22:50.

character became an Alec Guinness won worldwide

:22:51.:22:54.

critical acclaim as But first the actor

:22:55.:22:57.

needed inspiration. He died of a heart attack after a

:22:58.:23:07.

long illness through most of which it continue to work.

:23:08.:23:10.

great-nephew and has written a book about him.

:23:11.:23:13.

He says Maurice first met Sir Alec Guinness at a dinner

:23:14.:23:16.

with the author who originally invented Smiley and

:23:17.:23:18.

wrote Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy, John Le Carre.

:23:19.:23:21.

They got there before him and they were chatting away and when the

:23:22.:23:28.

author arrived, the first remark that Maurice Oldfield made was, I

:23:29.:23:32.

think he's been over doing all this spy nonsense, don't you? And Alec

:23:33.:23:41.

Guinness says, oh, I quite agree. He observed Maurice Oldfield very

:23:42.:23:44.

carefully, what he was drinking, how we acted and talked. And he stood

:23:45.:23:48.

and watched to see how we walked in he left the restaurant.

:23:49.:23:50.

It was a big challenge at a difficult time.

:23:51.:24:02.

The Guy Burgess affair has great issues of delicacy. The Russians

:24:03.:24:14.

knew properly every MI6 officer there was another 1950s and the

:24:15.:24:19.

early 1960s. And that caused great problems with intelligence

:24:20.:24:20.

cooperation with the Americans. Seen from the outside, this is one

:24:21.:24:36.

of the big achievements in intelligence.

:24:37.:24:37.

He was a busy man, obviously being the head of MI6, and when he got in

:24:38.:24:48.

the local pub, he was always chatty, the local pub, he was always chatty,

:24:49.:24:55.

it didn't matter what standing you were in the world, he would speak to

:24:56.:25:03.

you. A very nice bloke. Would be obvious to me was? Not to outsider,

:25:04.:25:07.

but people in the village knew who he was. There would be no bowing and

:25:08.:25:13.

scraping or anything like that. was about to retire,

:25:14.:25:15.

not to the sunshine, but to the Derbyshire

:25:16.:25:17.

hills, Margaret Thatcher asked him It was coordinating

:25:18.:25:20.

security and intelligence He described it as the most

:25:21.:25:24.

miserable time of his career. He wasn't just

:25:25.:25:36.

miserable, those years were to haunt Maurice

:25:37.:25:38.

Oldfield's legacy. Then newspaper stories

:25:39.:25:39.

began to emerge saying he had been involved in abuse

:25:40.:25:43.

at a Belfast You will read claims of state

:25:44.:26:00.

sponsored child prostitution, paedophile rings, blackmail and

:26:01.:26:01.

cover-ups. But Colin Wallace is

:26:02.:26:03.

convinced Maurice Oldfield He was based at Stormont Castle in

:26:04.:26:19.

Belfast, heavily guarded. He did not drive, he had no licence. He was

:26:20.:26:25.

escorted round with two carloads of bodyguards. So his freedom of

:26:26.:26:32.

movement was very limited. Of course, he was protected all the

:26:33.:26:39.

way. If he had been going to anywhere like Kincora, those

:26:40.:26:41.

bodyguards would have known exactly where he was.

:26:42.:26:43.

Historical Institutional Abuse Inquiry, which examined child

:26:44.:26:48.

abuse in Northern Ireland, published its findings.

:26:49.:26:53.

It concludes the allegations about Sir Maurice

:26:54.:26:56.

Oldfield's connections to Kincora have no substance.

:26:57.:26:59.

For his family however, the damage has

:27:00.:27:01.

I still feel very angry with the press, I really do. And whoever

:27:02.:27:15.

started all the rumours, which I think has been proved, were not

:27:16.:27:16.

true. The village school boy who made it

:27:17.:27:18.

to the top not through connections or background, but by sheer

:27:19.:27:24.

hard work and talent. I think he was an astonishing

:27:25.:27:36.

character. To have come from way he did and achieve all he did. I think

:27:37.:27:45.

everybody was very proud. Let's face it, it is not everybody rises to be

:27:46.:27:47.

the head of MI6. it is the fun-loving

:27:48.:27:48.

great He was the sort of chap who would

:27:49.:28:01.

stand in the street and have a chat with you will kick the football

:28:02.:28:05.

against the wall with you. He was -- it was obviously exciting when

:28:06.:28:14.

people started to say he was the man whom M was based on in the James

:28:15.:28:18.

Bond forms. He did not hide what he did at that stage, there was no

:28:19.:28:21.

point. But equally, you didn't give anything away.

:28:22.:28:24.

A remarkable story of a remarkable man.

:28:25.:28:26.

The FA Cup schedule means we are taking a break next week,

:28:27.:28:32.

that here is what's coming up in a fortnight.

:28:33.:28:39.

With a rise in rough sleepers and street drinkers, is Derby facing

:28:40.:28:42.

I'm Riz Lateef with your 90 second update.

:28:43.:29:10.

Questions over Vauxhall's future in Britain after it was sold

:29:11.:29:12.

Vauxhall employs 4,500 people but its new owners

:29:13.:29:15.

This is a new campaign to get the public to report

:29:16.:29:20.

Police say they've stopped 13 possible attacks in four years.

:29:21.:29:24.

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