30/10/2017 Inside Out London

Hello, I'm Sean Fletcher.

You're watching Inside Out London.

Here is what is coming

up on tonight's show.

More endangered

than the giant panda.

We meet London's last

remaining shire horse.

There is something quintessentially

British about the shire horse

and something very noble.

They are the biggest

horse in the world.

One gunshot wound

to the left flank...

The doctors making life and death

decisions on the trauma front lines.

The majority of the bullet is lying

in the right side of his abdomen,

having gone through his bowel.

I suspect there will be a lot

of other injuries in there.

He has life-threatening

bleeding and he needs

an operation to save his life.

And out of the rubble -

the time capsule that

reveals the secrets

of a pioneering hospital.

Seeing what they have chosen

to place inside gives a sense

of connection to the past and those

people in particular.

When we think of endangered species,

it's usually rhinos and tigers

being hunted to extinction

on the other side of the world

that spring to mind.

You probably wouldn't think

of the humble British shire horse.

But in fact, their numbers

have now dipped below

those of the giant panda.

We're lucky enough to still

have a herd working here in London.

And I had the chance

to go down and meet them.

These horses work for a living.

Today they are the engine that pulls

the machine that cuts

this wildflower meadow.

This is no ordinary

wildflower meadow, though,

and they are no ordinary horses.

This is Kensington Palace,

home to our future monarch,

and these beautiful beasts

were first bred by King Henry VIII

to be used as giant warhorses.

A century ago, there were 1 million

of them working in this country,

between 30 and 40,000

in London alone.

Today the capital is left

with just one working stable.

Operation Centaur is housed

here in Richmond Park,

with Heath and Nobby living with six

other shire horses.

There is something quintessentially

British about shire horse

and something very noble.

They are the biggest

horse in the world.

They are very impressive when you

see them for the first time.

Each one weighs over a tonne.

We are trying to make working

horses like shire horses

relevant to working in inner

cities like London.

And we do that in a number

of different ways, we work

on conservation, so we have

wildflower meadows, we harrow,

we do logging in various woods.

There's a heritage element.

This herd of rare shire

horses are a beautiful

and unexpected sight,

but once upon a time you would have

seen them all over London.

Shire horses were ubiquitous,

you could find them

on any street corner.

They were the sort of lorries

or white vans of the day.

People used them to transport goods,

to unload barges from the canals,

they were everywhere.

Another familiar sight in any large

town is the brewery,

whose load is carried

by a magnificent shire horses.

They have an average working

life of eight years.

The drivers are proud of their teams

as they drag their daily loads

through London's streets.

Young's brewery once used

them to deliver beer.

They poured a load of

two and a half tonnes.

-- pulled a load.

Henry Coward worked

with them for 37 years.

We had 18-20 horses.

We had our own farrier

on board as well, so we had

a permanent farrier.

Horses needed new shoes quite

regularly when walking

the streets of London,

maybe 4-5 weeks those

shoes would last.

We would do within a 3-5 mile

radius of the brewery.

I suppose 30 pubs through

the course of the week.

Would the horses have had a better

life in a field munching grass

rather than working hard

on the streets of London?

They were bred to work,

they are working animals.

They enjoy doing the work

and you can see because they

do whatever you ask.

For me, it's better that they work

than they are stuck

in a field all day long.

The brewery last worked

with shires in 2006.

They had disappeared from London's

streets long before that

and it was all down to one thing.

The combustion engine.

Just before the First World War,

there was a massive change

in London, people got rid

of their carriages and horses and

the same went for it shire horses.

It became cheaper to bring lorries

in and motorised vehicles in.

After the Second World War,

shires almost completely disappeared

off our streetscapes.

Now they are rarer than pandas.

Operation Centaur wants to prove

that the shire horse can

once again be useful

in today's high-tech world.

Nobby and Heath resemble a Constable

painting as they work

in Kensington Palace,

but this isn't just

about celebrating a nostalgic past.

Surprisingly, these ancient beasts

are still better for this wildflower

meadow than a tractor.

When you have a tractor

on a wildflower meadow,

it compacts the soil

and that is one of the big no nos

for a wildflower meadow, really.

That means that the seeds don't

germinate in the same way.

Shire horses tread lightly.

All the green spaces we have,

they are not big enough

to have tractors on there.

We don't need it and I think

the communities of these green

spaces want to get involved.

If you see a wildflower meadow being

cut by a tractor, nobody will stop.

If you have a pair of shires there,

everybody wants to come

and learn about it.

This is really why this

is still relevant.

It's not just about doing the job,

it's also about making this

historical horse really very much

part of today.

Getting a tractor to go

where you want in a wildflower

meadow needs a bit of pedal

and steering-wheel control.

But driving two very large

horses must be a very

different thing altogether.

A shire horse takes

a couple of years

at least to train.

At first they don't really

want to do anything

because most things scare them,

they are a flight animal.

They run, their main

thing is to run away from

something.

If you think that they weigh

a tonne, they've got all that

chain and metal attached to them,

and if something scares them, off

they will go.

So how do you do it?

You train them.

Bit by bit they get confident,

they start to trust you.

Shires are funny things.

They are more like your colleagues.

If you upset them

in the morning, they

will be upset all day long.

I mean, a normal horse

will forget within

minutes but a shire one will hold

a resentment all day long, so you

cannot upset them.

You cannot afford to

upset them first thing.

It was suggested that

I might like to give

the driving a try, a couple of ropes

and an animal that didn't know me

very well didn't exactly fill me

with confidence for what could be a

very interesting driving lesson.

What you do is say, walk on.

Yeah, that's going to move with him.

Nobby, walk on.

Good.

And then bring him out to the left.

To begin with, Getty feel of his

pace.

Al Gore at his place. Now I

will turn him.

Yes, bring him to the

right. That's it. You get a sense of

how strong he is.

I'll bring him

round to the right.

Yes, say, come

round, Nobby. Feel the rhythm. Try

to get the sense of rhythm in his

walk.

Brilliant, well done. Nobby,

stop. Brilliant. Thank you, Nobby!

After a day spent with Nobby and

these other beautiful horses, you

cannot help but fall in love with

them and hope that something can be

done to ensure their long-term

survival. The good news is that

Operation Centaur believe they can

be made yourself once again on a

larger scale.

Working horses are the

solution to the decline because in

their breeding programme you need to

have a purpose. Why are we reading

back with three horses? They need

jobs. That is what we need to

convince people. We need to convince

people that they can work in cities

like London. No reason why local

councils cannot look at how they

provide land management services and

include shire horses. It makes

sense.

What a wonderful thought. A

rare and often forgotten very

English animal not only saved but

potentially increased, not just for

the good of the animal but our

benefit. They were truly amazing

animals. It was a bit of privilege

getting to know them. Still to come

on tonight's so. --'s show.

Sony

putting a lot be demolished to make

room for High Speed Two. Before it

is gone forever, I want to find out

more about this fascinating it

condemned part of London's history.

-- fascinating yet condemned.

Knife crime in the capital has

surged by almost a third in the past

year, just one of the factors

putting more pressure on the doctors

and nurses in our front-line

emergency teams.

Our reporter has been given

unprecedented access to

the resuscitation unit at the one

London Hospital in Whitechapel.

He found out how this major trauma

centre is facing the challenges

of an unrelenting stream of life or

death cases.

It's just gone midnight.

A young man has been shot.

So we'll get him across

and get the handover.

He is Friday's first arrival.

He had been left with serious wounds

by friends at another hospital.

The A&E register phoned me

and they have got him,

he'd been brought in I think

by his friends.

He has been shot in the left flank.

With the young man

come the armed police.

They always do when

somebody has been shot.

OK, just to give the handover

when you're ready, please.

He has one gunshot wound

to the left flank.

No exit wound.

He is stable.

He has been given ten morphine...

As the patient is prepared

for a scan, the police prepare

to cover the entrances

to the scanning room.

That goes into the corridor there.

They are here to stop his attackers

trying again and to protect

the staff trying to save him.

Just keep still.

We are going to do

everything for you.

Half way across.

Slide.

Ready, slide.

The bullet is in his stomach.

It has pierced his bowels

and he will need surgery.

He's got an entry wound on the left

side of his body, his flank,

and the majority of the bullet

is lying on the right

side of his abdomen.

Having gone through his

bowel and several other

structures on the way there.

He has a belly full of blood,

bleeding from his bowel and possibly

from other structures,

he's got some gas that has escaped

escaped from his bowel,

but I suspect there

will be a lot of other

injuries in there.

The bullet has gone right

across from one side to the other.

So he's got life-threatening

bleeding and we need

an operation to save his life.

As the scan is completed

and the police continue to stand

guard, the on-call trauma surgeon

is put in from home.

Four floors up, they begin

preparations for the operation.

They don't go in straight

lines, bullets.

To be honest, we will be

going inside his abdomen

in the next few minutes to be able

to see everything that has gone on.

The Royal London will see around 100

gunshot victims a year

and around 700 stab victims.

It's our job to fix people

who are injured and there are all

sorts of reasons why

people get injured.

From being crushed by buses, shot,

all of them are part

of society's problems.

Essentially, that's

what we are here for.

Yes, it's a terrible thing

to happen to somebody,

it scars them and their family

for life and it's an indictment

of the society we have found

ourselves in that this is coming

into the UK now.

Just over one hour later,

the operation is over.

The man's bowel is repaired.

He will be moved to intensive care.

Open your mouth, sir.

Stick your tongue out.

Back downstairs in resus, it's time

for the night shift to go home.

One shift over, but they know

there is a busier one to come.

Senior sister Alex

welcomes the troops.

A five-minute handover at eight

o'clock that marks the start

of the Friday night shift.

They have come prepared.

They know they will be

on their feet a lot.

Hello, into resus?

Thanks, bye.

It's not long before

the calls start to come.

An assaulted patient, male.

He has been punched and kicked.

Cardiac arrest,

completely unresponsive.

This man has been beaten up

and knocked unconscious.

Just got to move your legs slightly.

An elderly man has been brought

in after falling ill at home.

Then come the Friday regulars.

HE GROANS

It's 11:30pm,

a man has been stabbed.

A three centimetre wound

to the right spinal region.

About four centimetres

from the line.

Watching over things

is consultant Katy in charge

of the emergency department tonight.

We have a young man

who has been stabbed.

It's his upper limbs.

He is obviously really frightened

that this has happened to him.

He is quite vocal because of that.

We will just have a little

look down here, OK?

Just to make sure there is nothing

that we've missed and then we'll

have a look at your back.

The young man has

a number of stab wounds.

He constantly asks the staff if he's

lost too much blood.

If he's going to survive.

You are not losing blood.

It's a very small wound.

We just need to have a scan and make

sure that everything

is all right on the inside,

but your blood pressure is fine,

your heart rate is fine and we're

very happy with you.

You're going to be all right.

With the stabbing victims

come the police again.

They also come with the victims

of car crashes and other assaults.

With the officers in blue,

the teams in orange from London's

Air Ambulance,

who bring the badly injured in.

I think the stuff we do

here is world leading

for the wrong reasons.

Its world leading because

unfortunately we see

a lot of these people,

so the volume of stab victims

that we see here through London

is just of a volume we have to be

efficient and able to deal

with the things that

are presented to us.

That is a sad thing.

We know that quite a few people that

get stabbed get stabbed

by someone they know.

The random attacks are less common.

It's usually someone they know

and there is some background to it.

Even more sadly, we often see

people that had been

stabbed more than once,

as in six months ago

and now repeated again.

They are at a much

higher risk it seems.

It seems there is no real reason

for it most of the time.

Abdomen stab wounds come in.

Three stabs.

On arrival...

It's not unusual for them to bring

in three or four stab

victims on a Friday night.

It's all right.

Another young man has been stabbed,

the second of the evening.

Another multiple stabbing.

Chest and abdomen, we think.

We are more concerned

because the heart rate

is very high, 145-150.

It might just be because this

patient has been running

from their assailant,

but it must also be

because they have lost blood.

So that's what we need

to be concerned about.

After a scan, the young man

is taken to intensive care.

He will survive.

PHONE RINGS

The phone calls keep coming.

It's 1:30am.

The ambulances keep arriving.

The patients keep coming.

Coming by air or land?

Land.

OK, all right.

Ah.

We have a male trauma

gunshot to the head.

He is the second gunshot victim seen

here in just 24 hours.

Hello, this one.

The report is that he has

been shot in the head.

When he arrived it was 14

but he was very agitated.

This gentleman has been

shot to the head and,

although he was quite awake

when the team got them,

he was quite agitated, very,

very swollen, sticking out eyeballs.

They have popped him off

to sleep and made some cuts

through the tendons to release

the pressure behind his eyeballs

just to help his eyes a bit.

He will have an operation later

before heading to intensive care.

It feels as though we've had

quite a busy evening.

One trauma call after the other

and none of the team has had

a break, it's about 3:30am now.

But this isn't particularly busy

and it's going to get

busier over the winter.

It could have been worse, certainly.

Staff like senior sister Alex

will soon be heading home.

More than five years after starting

here she is still going strong.

When you have a situation

that is really awful, we have people

that are in the absolute worst point

of their life, and you look

after them and make a difference

and sometimes that is sitting

with relatives or with

the patient, we do do a good

job and we know we do.

That's when you go home,

it's what makes you able to go

to sleep eventually.

And the team is the

absolute ultimate.

Without them, we would not be able

to do it and I certainly

wouldn't come back every day

after five years.

She will be back, as will

the rest of the team -

while most of London is sleeping,

they will be at their busiest.

For over a century,

the National Temperance Hospital

has stood in Euston.

A hospital founded on the principle

of treating patients

without using alcohol.

As it gets torn down

to make way for HS2,

a long-buried secret has been

discovered in the rubble.

We sent Dan Cruickshank

to find out more.

On the edge of the Regent's Park

Estate in Camden, a crumbling,

abandoned building -

half torn-down but with

a revolutionary past.

Soon this building will be

demolished to make way

for the extension to the nearby

Euston railway station.

The arrival of High Speed Two.

But before it is gone forever,

I want to find out more about this

fascinating yet now condemned part

of London's history.

Built in the late 19th century,

the National Temperance Hospital

was the first of its kind to ban

the widespread use of alcohol

as a medical treatment.

Behind this radical new approach

to medicine were the men and women

of the Temperance movement.

A group of teetotallers who had long

warned society of the dangers

of beer and spirits.

Doctor James Kneale is a historical

geographer from University College

with a particular focus

on the controversial

Victorian-era movement.

How important was this

building in the movement?

I think it was very important.

It was designed as an experiment

to prove that you could treat people

without giving them alcohol

and it worked.

It was meant to be a kind of symbol

of that attempt and to shift

people's thinking about it.

Most hospitals in London

and elsewhere in the country used

alcohol as a treatment for fever

or giving medicine in alcohol,

so it was actually something

that was probably a larger budget

expenditure item

than bread and milk.

Alcohol mixed with medicine,

so basically alcohol

given as a medicine?

That's entirely right, yes.

The public tended to be rather

suspicious of medicine in the middle

of the 19th century,

so I think the public on the whole

were very suspicious of the idea

that you could live your life

without alcohol and be

treated in hospital.

Yet, despite the doubts,

spent on alcohol at other hospitals

across the capital gradually

declined over the following decades.

The ethos behind the National

Temperance Hospital

had become mainstream.

And health care in Britain

would never be the same again.

In 1948, the hospital joined

the NHS, operating as normal

until its closure in 1982.

The space was later used

to treat torture victims

from around the world.

But it then slowly

fell into disrepair.

Yet in a remarkable twist of fate,

the building's destruction has

revealed more about the hospital

and the movement behind it

than we ever knew before.

Laura Williams was there

on when the second of two time

capsules was discovered

by the demolition crews.

-- there when.

Well, we're standing

on the roof of the last

surviving hospital building

and you were here when the second

time capsule was discovered.

Tell me about that.

It must've been exciting.

Yes, it was really exciting.

We had already found one,

so we had an inkling

that there could be a second.

We came along early in the morning,

a guy with the camera and a building

and a building archaeologist,

and we watched them lift

the crane really carefully.

Nice and easy!

Initially didn't really think

there was anything there but sort

of gradually revealed this glass

vessel that had been

concealed in a cavity

within the foundation stone.

We saw an advert for Victorian

medicine, which was quite fun.

Obviously, there's this weird irony

that you'd find the time capsule

by destroying the thing

that it is commemorating.

Yes, it's an implicit understanding

then that the building

wouldn't stand forever.

They had a message.

And they wanted the message to be

carried to eternity.

Yes.

After the discovery,

the capsules and delicate documents

within needed to be taken care of.

This was a job for conservators

and paper specialists from Museum

of London Archaeology.

Being one of the first people to be

able to see within the Time Capsule

was an incredible privilege.

Seeing what they chose to place

inside gives you a sense

of connection to the past

and to those people in particular.

As a conservator, I tend to work

with objects every day that are from

archaeological environments.

Most of these have either been lost

accidentally or they have been

dumped, but it's very rare

that we have the opportunity to deal

with things that have been

purposely placed and curated.

The paper was in remarkably good

condition, which is partly

because they have been in a dark

environment for a very long time.

Once the paper was cleaned

and flattened, they were placed

in individual sleeves so they can be

studied and handled without having

to touch the paper itself.

For some members of the local

community, the demolition of this

building is a sad end to an era.

Peadar Timmins to London from

Ireland in the 1960s to work as a

address on the work of the hospital.

Fora, time capsules are not... What

does a hospital mean to you?

The

Hospital meant everything to me for

19 years of age until last year.

When I saw it was not down I cried.

I actually cried. It was part of our

lives. And it was gone. 56 years

gone. To save 20 minutes on a train

journey? It's heartbreaking.

I have

a great deal of sympathy for Patsy.

I hate the old buildings being

demolished, particularly ones that I

have a personal connection with. But

with the discovery of the time

capsule is, a small part of the

hospital will live on. Your we have

a selection of objects. What will

they tell us about the temperance

movement?

There are three kinds of

things. The objects relating to the

temperance movement and those

relating to the hospital. Also

things like Republic of reality is,

which was set up to foster people

drinking coffee and not drinking.

It's fascinating, the temperance

pops but they would sell tea and

coffee.

Everything except the

alcohol.

This is amazing. It's and

astonishing graph. I'll call,

intoxicating liquors. -- alcohol.

The objects themselves are into

perfectly good condition considering

they have been in this glass jars

for over 100 years. Did you discover

that the movement was more

influential than you thought before?

Absolutely, this is a list of people

invited to the ceremony in 1879.

This is a impressive list of MPs. It

shows as the broad appeal amongst

political and religious figures

forward Trevor Beeson.

This is

remarkable. We're talking about

documents, the people, the method,

this is exactly why the put them in

the ground.

Yes, they were probably

hoping we would have this

conversation about these documents.

Perhaps the strange collection of

documents has encouraged us. We

couldn't have predicted this would

have been put away for so long.

It

makes it more intriguing.

It does.

It is sad to see yet another of

London's historic buildings being

destroyed.

A remarkable group of

people have meant that this

demolition tells us more about this

building then we have ever known

before. I'm told that there is

another Morrill Stone and the law

that could be a third time capital.

-- another memorial stone. We will

have to wait an extra to find out

about this final time capsule. --

and extra year to find out.

A third capsule, intriguing stuff.

We will keep you updated with any

developments in that story.

But that's about it for this week.

Before we go, let's have a look

at what is coming up next week.

It's not that wide, look.

I can touch.

Wow.

We reveal how landlords

are raking in millions by

renting out tiny flats

to the homeless.

It is one room.

Yes.

They are telling you it's a flat.

And the Government

is paying how much?

£938.

£938 a month for this one room.

As the Houses of Parliament

crumble, what will it

take to renovate them?

Every day the fabric

of this historic building

gets worse.

The problem is it is deteriorating

much quicker than it

can be fixed.

And how one man is laughing

in the face of his Parkinson's.

My wife is no longer my

wife, she is my carer.

When told her this, she said that

she doesn't care for me!

LAUGHTER