
Browse content similar to 16/01/2012. Check below for episodes and series from the same categories and more!
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Hello and welcome to Inside Out South West. Stories from where you | :00:10. | :00:17. | |
live. Five sailors dead, two of them from Devon. Tonight, did this | :00:17. | :00:24. | |
man put profit before safety? did you falsified the skippers | :00:24. | :00:29. | |
experience on EC be? That is dangerous. Also tonight. Nick Baker | :00:29. | :00:35. | |
explores the magic of this rare heathland. This is Inside Out South | :00:35. | :00:45. | |
| :00:45. | :01:01. | ||
West. Sailing is a popular hobby in we have been investigating claims | :01:01. | :01:05. | |
by the families of two Devon skippers that the way one delivery | :01:05. | :01:13. | |
company operated had fatal consequences. Delivering yachts | :01:13. | :01:16. | |
like these across the world's options can be a great way to earn | :01:16. | :01:21. | |
a living. Sometimes the reality can be far from a glamourous lifestyle | :01:21. | :01:26. | |
of their wins and foreign ports. These five sailors all delivered | :01:26. | :01:35. | |
boats for the same company Reliance. I am one of the directors. We | :01:35. | :01:40. | |
specified in yachts were wide and I want to show you how we prepare | :01:40. | :01:44. | |
boats for delivery. Families and survivors claimed the company | :01:44. | :01:48. | |
pressured skippers to sail into dangerous conditions with fatal | :01:48. | :01:54. | |
consequences. One of Reliance's most experienced sailors was John | :01:54. | :02:00. | |
Anstess. He had been a sea senior coxswain on a lifeboat. He had sold | :02:00. | :02:04. | |
water running through his veins. His sister crude for him. To go | :02:05. | :02:11. | |
through the bad weather we went through out there, it he was | :02:11. | :02:17. | |
incredibly calm. I said, why are you not panicking, and he said I | :02:17. | :02:23. | |
could panic if you like! It will not help. He was incredibly camp. | :02:23. | :02:33. | |
| :02:33. | :02:33. | ||
It was a natural instinct for him - -,. Later that year, he was | :02:33. | :02:40. | |
contacted to take a catamaran to Seattle. Delivering other people's | :02:40. | :02:45. | |
jobs is a great way to see the world and experience the high seas. | :02:45. | :02:49. | |
The crew are often unpaid as they are trying to build their mileage. | :02:49. | :02:57. | |
Paul Webb wanted to get some more offshore experience. But Reliance | :02:57. | :03:00. | |
was fairly well advertised on the internet. They had a reputation | :03:00. | :03:07. | |
that I thought was very good. flew to Trinidad where he met John | :03:07. | :03:13. | |
on board this best-of-. As the move north, the weather deteriorated. | :03:13. | :03:17. | |
were close to the Colombian coast and we were starting to get some | :03:17. | :03:22. | |
change in weather and there were lots of thunderstorms and lightning | :03:22. | :03:28. | |
and tap heavy rain showers. There were three to four metre waves. The | :03:28. | :03:33. | |
boat was getting battered pretty good. The best thing we could do | :03:33. | :03:37. | |
was turn around and head back to our rhubarb and wait for a change | :03:37. | :03:44. | |
in weather. Reliance criticise John for returning to port. John, Paul | :03:44. | :03:47. | |
and Caspar motored through the Panama Canal, but they were worried | :03:47. | :03:52. | |
about the unpredictable weather in the final voyage to Seattle. John | :03:52. | :03:57. | |
Ward Reliance about the storms and he wanted to wait until the weather | :03:57. | :04:02. | |
clears and suggested an alternative route. Reliance said he had attired | :04:02. | :04:07. | |
attitude and was making too much of the weather. They said not to worry | :04:07. | :04:12. | |
about it. He has two options were a sensible route which was safer for | :04:12. | :04:17. | |
the boat and crew or to stop for those bad winter months and | :04:17. | :04:21. | |
actually keep the boat somewhere safe. He was in San Francisco. He | :04:21. | :04:25. | |
asked Reliance if he can change route and go through Hawaii and | :04:25. | :04:31. | |
avoid the hurricane. He was flatly told know. The owner will go | :04:31. | :04:36. | |
ballistic. He was told he was taking too long. Paul felt safety | :04:36. | :04:41. | |
was compromised and he and Casper decided to leave when they reached | :04:41. | :04:46. | |
California. I told John that I was not happy going further north at | :04:46. | :04:50. | |
this time of the year. John told reliance that Paul said that | :04:51. | :04:56. | |
chances of survival were slim, a view echoed by local sailors. John | :04:56. | :05:00. | |
needed new crew to complete the delivery. He was told he had an | :05:00. | :05:06. | |
attitude because he was complaining. He was told not to tell prospective | :05:06. | :05:09. | |
crew that the weather could be bad, tell them that there was nothing | :05:09. | :05:15. | |
wrong with the weather. John was joined by Richard Bachman on the | :05:15. | :05:19. | |
left at -- these two men. This will renew her husband loved adventure | :05:20. | :05:27. | |
Bopper safety-conscious. I took him to the airport and I can remember | :05:27. | :05:34. | |
having a sick feeling. Excuse me... That was the last time I saw my | :05:34. | :05:44. | |
| :05:44. | :05:44. | ||
husband. Sorry... This man was from California and chief -- he phoned | :05:44. | :05:48. | |
his wife and she thought she had nothing to worry. I heard nothing | :05:48. | :05:52. | |
from them, other than the fact that he was excited. He was finally | :05:52. | :06:00. | |
going to go. I said just be safe. The last e-mail from Reliance when | :06:00. | :06:04. | |
he asked what the weather was like, I am having difficulty getting the | :06:04. | :06:10. | |
weather here, what is it, be E mailed back said the weather is | :06:10. | :06:15. | |
fine, nice light winds, C in Seattle. There are three sailors | :06:15. | :06:25. | |
| :06:25. | :06:29. | ||
missing of the Oregon coast. boat was found and there was no one | :06:29. | :06:36. | |
there. The Coastguard found the catamaran and it was destined for | :06:36. | :06:41. | |
Seattle, but the crew and the lifeboat was no word to be found. | :06:41. | :06:46. | |
My world fell apart. Caro has not seen all the evidence contained in | :06:46. | :06:50. | |
the US Coast Guard report on the loss of the boat and the three | :06:50. | :06:55. | |
deaths. It was dated 7th December and says... Before the catamaran | :06:55. | :07:04. | |
left California John warned that the journey was dangerous. I was | :07:04. | :07:08. | |
not leaving the boat on a whim and I put that in an e-mail to Nick | :07:08. | :07:13. | |
Irving and I said that I did not feel the boat was equipped to sail | :07:13. | :07:19. | |
to the north Pacific in winter. There were some fairly major | :07:19. | :07:26. | |
deficiencies on the boat. One of the things was there were no | :07:26. | :07:34. | |
survival suits on the boat, no heat on the boat. It had no heat. No | :07:34. | :07:40. | |
radar or, no survival suits? In addition, the whole had developed | :07:40. | :07:45. | |
stress cracks. I do not know who sent this or what they are talking | :07:45. | :07:55. | |
| :07:55. | :08:07. | ||
about. That... You have to stop... Stop... When the Coastguard found | :08:07. | :08:10. | |
the catamaran, they also found the logbook. The last entry was at 3am | :08:11. | :08:17. | |
on Monday morning. Could this tragedy have been avoided. Why did | :08:17. | :08:24. | |
a season skipper like John agree to put to sea? Dee Caffari knows only | :08:24. | :08:27. | |
too well the dangers of her profession and that short cuts put | :08:27. | :08:31. | |
lives at risk. The he has just spent half of the money that he had | :08:31. | :08:36. | |
at the beginning on fuel, provisions, birthing, Crewe, so he | :08:36. | :08:42. | |
is out of pocket and he was risking not getting paid. It is a hand-to- | :08:42. | :08:46. | |
mouth existence, so it was undue pressure from the company to force | :08:46. | :08:51. | |
him to take that final trip to Seattle. When you see the report of | :08:51. | :08:57. | |
the winds, the gale force winds, it isn't that the boat is designed to | :08:57. | :09:03. | |
be in. It is a cruising catamaran. This man's body was banned a | :09:03. | :09:07. | |
hundred and 13 miles away. bodies of Dave Rodman and John | :09:07. | :09:13. | |
Anstess were never found. The memory still Homs Paul Webb. John | :09:13. | :09:18. | |
would have been a long-time friend. You have that affinity with him? | :09:18. | :09:28. | |
| :09:28. | :09:39. | ||
Yes. It was... And sorry. Even today... Mat Sandys-Winsch worked | :09:39. | :09:43. | |
for Reliance as a delivery skipper and any of us. He later had a major | :09:43. | :09:47. | |
falling-out with the company and severed all ties. At the time it | :09:48. | :09:54. | |
was terrible. I do not remember tears, but it was a pretty sombre | :09:54. | :10:04. | |
place. It was not long before it was all back up and running as per | :10:04. | :10:13. | |
normal. I heard a huge bang and felt the boat lurched up and over. | :10:13. | :10:19. | |
One big motion, just flipped the whole way over. I cannot believe | :10:19. | :10:23. | |
this is the way I will go out, I thought. No one will know how it | :10:23. | :10:33. | |
happened. You would think that after the loss of three men, Nick | :10:33. | :10:36. | |
Irving would be more attentive to what the crew had to say, but just | :10:36. | :10:40. | |
two months later, it would appear that Mr Irving ignored another | :10:40. | :10:48. | |
skipper. I was instructed, quite bluntly, to say, go north of | :10:48. | :10:53. | |
Bermuda or do not work for us again. Aboard the catamaran with Kevin | :10:53. | :10:59. | |
Klinges was this man and skipper Steve Hobley from Newton Abbott. | :10:59. | :11:02. | |
Reliance appointed Steve Hobley to deliver the boat from France to | :11:02. | :11:05. | |
Florida Anstey that he would be at his daughter's wedding in the | :11:05. | :11:13. | |
States. He promised me that I will be about wedding. The French-built | :11:13. | :11:16. | |
catamaran was headed for Fort Lauderdale in what should have been | :11:16. | :11:22. | |
an easy passage at that time of year. Five days out of Madeira and | :11:22. | :11:31. | |
Steve got a text message on a saxophone, he saying the they were | :11:31. | :11:36. | |
wanted to change course. I was confused that anyone would want us | :11:36. | :11:46. | |
| :11:46. | :11:52. | ||
He went from the perfect delivery route to being told to sail into... | :11:52. | :11:57. | |
An area of bad weather. Steve did not want to divert. It was a bad | :11:57. | :12:03. | |
time of year to go north. Would history repeat itself? They | :12:03. | :12:08. | |
basically held that over his head, whether, if you do not... Change | :12:08. | :12:16. | |
course, and if you decide to go on to Fort Lauderdale we might not | :12:16. | :12:22. | |
have a job for you. instructions came from Reliant in | :12:22. | :12:26. | |
Farnborough but he got the weather information from his children. | :12:26. | :12:30. | |
got his own satellite phone and even down to training Jonathan and | :12:31. | :12:39. | |
I have to plot the weather on the internet. And then it text him | :12:39. | :12:44. | |
important things coming up in the weather. Things that maybe a yacht | :12:44. | :12:48. | |
company should be doing. I am not a professional. The fears have become | :12:48. | :12:55. | |
reality. The catamaran had capsized 200 miles from Bermuda in 45 ft | :12:55. | :13:02. | |
waves. Steve was becoming hypothermic. I heard him talking to | :13:02. | :13:08. | |
his mother, I think as he was a little kid. It was very strange. | :13:08. | :13:16. | |
Very sad. The ocean it seems to get more aggressive. And now I am being | :13:16. | :13:21. | |
thrown off the hull with Steve attached to my harness. He landed | :13:21. | :13:26. | |
on me in a way with his head staring at my face. He was | :13:26. | :13:29. | |
underneath the water, eight inches with his mouth at his eyes wide | :13:29. | :13:38. | |
open. He had died and I would try everything I could to at least give | :13:39. | :13:44. | |
his family his body, to give them something, if I could do that. | :13:44. | :13:50. | |
Another wave came and blew us off the boat. I climbed back on and | :13:50. | :13:57. | |
pulled and all the sudden there was just a life jacket. 11 hours after | :13:57. | :14:05. | |
the capsize, they were rescued. Having nothing back of dad is... It | :14:05. | :14:10. | |
leaves a wound. It is at somebody has walked out of life and hung up | :14:10. | :14:14. | |
the phone and you are in mid- conversation. It's the most awful | :14:14. | :14:24. | |
| :14:24. | :14:26. | ||
thing. They claim the boss gave the fate order to divert North. I have | :14:26. | :14:33. | |
to live with that, the knowledge that I could helped him, I could | :14:33. | :14:39. | |
have done something, I could have... Changed the course of events. But I | :14:39. | :14:45. | |
have to live with that. A third's delivery skipper Alastair Crawford | :14:45. | :14:49. | |
died in the Bay of Biscay on a winter delivery from reliance to | :14:49. | :14:56. | |
the Caribbean. His mother claims there were so much pressure that he | :14:56. | :15:00. | |
changed his plans for Christmas to get out to France. She says it was | :15:00. | :15:06. | |
a case of pressure, pressure, pressure. An investigation | :15:06. | :15:09. | |
concluded the boat did not have storm sails, insufficient charts | :15:09. | :15:14. | |
and no way of getting weather reports at sea. It also appears to | :15:14. | :15:20. | |
have been incorrectly registered. We have evidence Mr Irving allied | :15:20. | :15:25. | |
to owners and insurance companies about the skippers experience. Nick | :15:25. | :15:32. | |
is embellishing your CV before 2007 to show lots of deliveries. It's in | :15:32. | :15:37. | |
black and white. Nick added 10,000 miles, tripling a skipper's actual | :15:37. | :15:43. | |
experience. To enhance some reason mileage in a position of | :15:43. | :15:50. | |
responsibility when they have not had the experience is shocking. | :15:50. | :15:53. | |
Maritime and Coastguard Agency asked the CPS whether criminal | :15:53. | :16:00. | |
proceedings could follow from the death of John. It is it was foreign | :16:00. | :16:04. | |
registered both were powerless. John's sister suit them for | :16:04. | :16:07. | |
negligence and one, the judge and was damning concluding pressure | :16:07. | :16:13. | |
from them directly caused the loss of skipper and crew. He has five | :16:13. | :16:21. | |
deaths on his hands. And I do not know how he sleeps at night. | :16:22. | :16:26. | |
boss refused to be interviewed but said his business had completed a | :16:26. | :16:30. | |
thousands of your deliveries and the skippers of professional and | :16:30. | :16:35. | |
given 24 hours before. I want to ask you about the deaths of five | :16:35. | :16:40. | |
sailors. I would ask why you put so much pressure on them to sail on a | :16:40. | :16:43. | |
route they did not want to. I have answered those questions with the | :16:43. | :16:47. | |
producer. You owe it to the families of the sailors who lost | :16:47. | :16:54. | |
their lives and brothers and lives. The losses are great. I cannot make | :16:54. | :16:58. | |
up for that. I do respond to the questions at have answered them as | :16:58. | :17:03. | |
best I can. If you want anything further, put it in writing. We put | :17:03. | :17:07. | |
it in writer and he denied pressuring the skippers but he | :17:07. | :17:10. | |
ignored the specific questions about the e-mails so we gave him | :17:10. | :17:17. | |
one last chance to defend himself. Sending e-mails like this, John | :17:17. | :17:22. | |
told to the weather was unsafe. have answered his questions to the | :17:22. | :17:30. | |
producer. The e-mails you sent, putting unfair pressure. That is an | :17:30. | :17:36. | |
opinion that is yours. It is not mine. We offered to show him how he | :17:36. | :17:43. | |
was avoiding questions. I have your answers here. | :17:43. | :17:48. | |
Put it in writing and I'm happy to respond and writing. Can I ask you | :17:48. | :17:54. | |
about a CV? Why did you also buy a skipper's experience on a CV? That | :17:54. | :18:00. | |
is dangerous, isn't it? And he has been found liable in four civil | :18:00. | :18:05. | |
cases but failed to pay damages. Four times a court has told you to | :18:05. | :18:13. | |
pay. Why haven't you done that? If a court rules you should pay... | :18:13. | :18:18. | |
court ruled against the company. Which you run. Yes, I was director | :18:18. | :18:24. | |
at the time. Let's finish this here. I need to get back. Have you | :18:25. | :18:28. | |
anything to say to the relatives of the skippers that were lost at sea | :18:29. | :18:33. | |
because of your actions and your company's actions? I have got | :18:33. | :18:37. | |
something to say, it is personal and will be to them directly and | :18:37. | :18:42. | |
not in the public arena here. their grief, relatives have found | :18:42. | :18:47. | |
Nick Irving's silence speaks volumes. We had a memorial party, I | :18:47. | :18:52. | |
sent a letter to the office to see if anyone would pay their respects, | :18:52. | :19:02. | |
I do not think they have treated us like human beings that have lost | :19:02. | :19:09. | |
somebody. They clearly did not have any value for Dad as a human being, | :19:09. | :19:19. | |
| :19:19. | :19:20. | ||
One of the great things about the south-west is you're never few | :19:20. | :19:26. | |
miles away from so many different types of landscape. Whether the sea, | :19:26. | :19:29. | |
woodland, small hands or a rapidly disappearing type of habitat, | :19:29. | :19:34. | |
heathland. In the summer, Kinnock visited a precious remaining | :19:34. | :19:44. | |
| :19:44. | :19:47. | ||
fragment. -- Neil. 213 Hector's of nature reserve in Devon. It is | :19:47. | :19:55. | |
owned by the Clinton estate but run by the RSPB, a real wildlife haven. | :19:55. | :20:01. | |
This is lowland heath, a rare habitats anywhere in the UK, let | :20:01. | :20:05. | |
alone in Devon. To the untrained eye, it is nothing more than other | :20:05. | :20:12. | |
and prickly and pine trees. He things like this are humming with | :20:12. | :20:19. | |
life, particularly at this time of year. The gorse and heather produce | :20:19. | :20:29. | |
| :20:29. | :20:30. | ||
a fantastic habitat for insects. Spiders and bumblebees. In turn, | :20:30. | :20:34. | |
the insects feed the birds. You cannot have heathland that had | :20:34. | :20:40. | |
there. This is my favourite. Look for a bright purple patch and you | :20:40. | :20:45. | |
have got her there. If you want to double check the identification, | :20:45. | :20:52. | |
look at the beautiful flowers. This is common heather, the stuff in | :20:52. | :20:57. | |
your garden. This less plentiful species, or when you look down the | :20:57. | :21:02. | |
stem, you can see why got its name. But this time of year, the plants | :21:02. | :21:09. | |
are at their best in full flower. It is one of several heathland in | :21:09. | :21:16. | |
this part of Devon which are known as the East Devon pebble bed heats. | :21:16. | :21:22. | |
No surprises, pebbles. They are everywhere. This will is riddled. | :21:22. | :21:28. | |
In places, the pebbles go down 17 metres below the surface. The clue | :21:28. | :21:32. | |
as to how they got here is in the texture. They are very smooth to | :21:32. | :21:37. | |
the touch. That has been worn smooth by running water which can | :21:37. | :21:41. | |
be explained by the fact millions of years ago this whole area was | :21:41. | :21:46. | |
under water. This was the bed of the great river from south to north. | :21:46. | :21:52. | |
Once part of a river system created by fast geological events, the | :21:52. | :21:58. | |
Heath and was made by land -- man. The sentries, locals cut the turf | :21:58. | :22:03. | |
and gathered her there. That kept that city in the solo and with that | :22:03. | :22:08. | |
a greater diversity of plants. Beautiful flowers like this are not | :22:08. | :22:16. | |
crowded out by nettles and grass. It all makes for great habitat for | :22:16. | :22:21. | |
moths like this one. The challenge for the Paris PB is keeping it all | :22:21. | :22:28. | |
in good condition. -- R S PB. They have introduced these, Exmoor | :22:28. | :22:34. | |
ponies. They eat the grass is at take fertility out of the soil. I | :22:34. | :22:39. | |
met up with the warden he explained more. This is what you are aiming | :22:39. | :22:44. | |
for, this wonderful mish-mash of different heather and gorse. Yes, | :22:44. | :22:52. | |
we are looking for a mosaic between these areas with their ground, | :22:52. | :22:58. | |
mature heathland, so a whole variety in these areas. We are | :22:58. | :23:02. | |
achieving this by grazing and using cattle and ponies and using native | :23:02. | :23:08. | |
breeds which are at risk, Exmoor and Galloway and Devon. Traditional | :23:08. | :23:15. | |
breeds. And it seems to be working. The it's like this are using the | :23:15. | :23:19. | |
gorse. And if you look into the pine, you might get lucky enough to | :23:19. | :23:28. | |
see that real specialist, the, crossbow. All in all, it's a feast | :23:28. | :23:35. | |
for the naturalist. In another piece of course, another is egg- | :23:35. | :23:40. | |
laying. The butterfly is famous for laying eggs on Holly. But in some | :23:40. | :23:48. | |
parts of Devon a eases course as its main food plant. In parts of | :23:48. | :23:51. | |
the heathland they have gone beyond preening the gorse and heather and | :23:51. | :23:55. | |
are trying to re-establish fresh heathland by scraping off the | :23:55. | :24:02. | |
topsoil to take a fatality out. That newly created heathland is | :24:02. | :24:07. | |
providing great habitats for these butterflies. They prefer the hotter | :24:07. | :24:10. | |
and drier ground and what we're witnessing is a courtship ritual | :24:10. | :24:20. | |
which means it is a rare sight of their upper wings. The Mail is | :24:20. | :24:26. | |
bowing to the female. Trying to trap her antenna between his wings. | :24:26. | :24:36. | |
| :24:36. | :24:43. | ||
But, he is getting the cold Butterflies are the real jewel in | :24:43. | :24:47. | |
the Crown and to see them at their most abundant you need to walkaway | :24:47. | :24:54. | |
to a nearby patch of woodland. This bitter and delayed his full of | :24:54. | :24:58. | |
butterflies, they reckon they have the biggest right here of any | :24:58. | :25:08. | |
| :25:08. | :25:15. | ||
Look at this, they're not here by accident. The flowers are here | :25:15. | :25:20. | |
because this is managed woodland. To surely, humans would have used | :25:20. | :25:24. | |
and cut it for access and to collect firewood. This is a modern | :25:24. | :25:30. | |
wildlife designer delayed. One of the species to benefit of these | :25:30. | :25:36. | |
still awash. They are the largest butterfly and up staging a comeback. | :25:36. | :25:41. | |
If you are lucky, you might just catch their exciting courtship | :25:41. | :25:47. | |
ritual with the male circling the Mail. They eventually settle team- | :25:47. | :25:51. | |
mate. If only they were not interrupted by another male trying | :25:51. | :26:01. | |
| :26:01. | :26:02. | ||
to get in on the act. Nearby, a rare blue form of the insects. It | :26:02. | :26:06. | |
is the sheer variety that takes the breath away, sadly many are in | :26:06. | :26:12. | |
severe decline and some are on the edge of extinction. It is great to | :26:12. | :26:20. | |
see so many species here. BRS p b have done this to -- because water | :26:20. | :26:25. | |
is a valuable resource on the dry heath. It is useful when it comes | :26:25. | :26:32. | |
to fighting wildfires. But of equal importance is this is yet another | :26:32. | :26:37. | |
wildlife habitat created by mankind. It seems rather peaceful today but | :26:37. | :26:42. | |
if the sun came out, it is aerial dogfights and a battlefield for | :26:42. | :26:50. | |
dragonflies. This female emperor has come for quite to lay eggs. | :26:50. | :26:55. | |
These eggs hatch in the next few weeks. And two or three years later | :26:55. | :27:05. | |
| :27:05. | :27:11. | ||
a dragonfly will emerge. Around the pond you can find many. This one is | :27:11. | :27:18. | |
deterred by a buzzing mail. Eventually, the female returns to a | :27:18. | :27:23. | |
different part to continue egg- laying. As another potential | :27:23. | :27:31. | |
disturbance, a grass snake in the water looking out for prey. Pretty | :27:31. | :27:39. | |
soon, it is time for me to make my escape as well. I am on my way to a | :27:39. | :27:49. | |
lame behind known as the Lone Pine. This tree is past its prime but in | :27:49. | :27:53. | |
its heyday, this was used as a navigation aid but at some point it | :27:53. | :27:58. | |
was threatened by a trackway to come through the area and it is | :27:58. | :28:04. | |
said local which is put a curse on anyone who took an axe to it. Even | :28:04. | :28:07. | |
though it's past its best, the position cannot be detracted from. | :28:07. | :28:11. | |
It's the highest point and you can see the full extent of this | :28:11. | :28:15. | |
stunning corner of Devon. I doubt there are many places they can | :28:15. | :28:20. | |
boast this range of animal and plant species. It is the hand of | :28:20. | :28:24. |