31/03/2017 Inside Out West Midlands


31/03/2017

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On this week's Inside Out - can we ever stop people

:00:00.:00:00.

who he left his home to bring terror to London?

:00:00.:00:08.

Birmingham has a specific problem with Islamic militancy,

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because it has shown in the past ten years that its conviction rate

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is second only to London for terror related incidents.

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Also on the programme, the medical advances that mean

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tiny babies are surviving against all odds.

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Obviously, she started having contractions, I was on the floor,

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crying my eyes out because they tell you truthfully how it is.

:00:26.:00:34.

And we catch up with the inhabitants of a secluded valley,

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This pine forest, those wolves, this could be Canada,

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North America, even a remote part of Scandinavia.

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I am Ayo Akinwolere, this is Inside Out West Midlands.

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Tonight, we are in Birmingham and three years ago,

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I made a special programme investigating this city's

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Now, I was particularly concerned when I found out the man that

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carried out the attacks in Westminster actually lived here.

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So is Birmingham, as the tabloids claim, really the Jihadi

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It's a city I care about, so I worry about the stuff I've been hearing.

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Birmingham has become the focus of police investigations

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following the terror attack in Westminster...

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..west of Birmingham city centre, police search of former home

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Officers said Massoud clearly had an interest in jihad.

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The city has been attracting attention around the world.

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Khalid Masood lived in Birmingham for only a short time,

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but the city has been linked with extremism before.

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Three Birmingham men have gone on trial accused

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of plotting a series of suicide bombing attacks...

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..bombing campaign on a scale greater than

:02:02.:02:03.

So, does Birmingham have a particular problem with extremism?

:02:04.:02:10.

And is it doing enough to prevent it?

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Three years ago, I asked those exact same questions

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I examined where people convicted of terror related offences

:02:15.:02:17.

were living and I found that east Birmingham have the highest

:02:18.:02:22.

were living and I found that east Birmingham had the highest

:02:23.:02:25.

concentration of convicted Islamist extremists in Britain.

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But they represented only a tiny proportion of the population.

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Three years on, the anti-extremism think tank, the Henry Jackson

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It is fair to say that Birmingham has a specific problem

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with Islamic militancy, because it has shown in the past ten

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years that its conviction rate is second only to London

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The Henry Jackson Society's latest report reveals that

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in the last 20 years, 269 British people have either been

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convicted of terror related offences or killed as suicide bombers.

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The figures don't include Rashid Rauf, suspected

:02:58.:03:04.

of masterminding the 2005 London bombings for Al-Qaeda.

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Or Junaid Hussain, allegedly a key recruiter

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Both from Birmingham and both killed by American drones.

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But the proportion of offenders from the West Midlands has been rising.

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In the last five years, the region accounted for a quarter

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So is that simply because Birmingham has a large Muslim population?

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Well, Kyle believes it is more to do with the nature

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of those communities, That they are largely

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The data clearly shows they are in the areas that are most

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Recruiters find it easier to attach themselves to people.

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Islamic State will offer them a sense of unity and purpose

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Islamic State will offer them a sense of community and purpose

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and then will draw them in and use them for their own purpose.

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And Kyle also tells me that the city's historic links

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with extremism make it easier to recruit here.

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Birmingham has been the site of a lot of networks that laid

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And they have been reactivated in recent years with

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And in the intermittent time, they had links to the 7/7 attackers.

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We have also seen that some of Islamic State's members

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and operatives have been able to find shelter in the city.

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Moazzam Begg is a Muslim from Birmingham who was once himself

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He was imprisoned in Guantanamo Bay without charge.

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Now, he is a director of Cage, an organisation that campaigns

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for committed is affected by the war on terror.

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Do you think Birmingham has a particular problem

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If you look at the statistics, approximately there are 36 people

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over a period of 17 years that have been convicted for

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That is almost 0.01% of the population.

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That is almost 0.01% of the Muslim population.

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Pretending perhaps that Birmingham is more susceptible

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because of its Muslim population to terrorism, I think

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is incorrect and actually makes the people of Birmingham feel

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that they are being unnecessarily scapegoated.

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Last year, one in three arrests for terrorism were for people

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who were regarded as white supremacist and there has been no

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such attempt to unpick where they came from.

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But the evidence suggests that some people are being radicalised

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Security intelligence expert Philip Ingram has

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His company tracks Islamist extremists on the Internet.

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For security reasons, we can't broadcast some

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A lot of this material was passed around on the dark web

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on invite-only channels, you need a special

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It is now onto a platform called Telegram.

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Telegram is a messaging service like WhatsApp,

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where you can chat with people one-on-one or in a group.

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Once that interaction has been picked up, they will be

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providing propaganda, then they will be

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groomed into further groups depending on what the person

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that is assessing them thinks they can do.

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That could be just providing support, giving the materials or it

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Are we saying it is like being invited into a club of some sort?

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Philip has software which shows how complex the process can be.

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You see here, we have got one, two, three, four groups.

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That one is very small and that one is absolutely massive,

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but all of the interactions are coming from this individual

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that there is there, so that is the person that is group

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manager, that is the most important person and that is the person that

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has got the knowledge and information that we want

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Now, you've managed to infiltrate some of these groups.

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What we have here is a graphic that Islamic State put out to try

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and encourage supporters to carry out a Jihadi acts and you can see

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and encourage supporters to carry out Jihadi acts and you can see

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on there some of the things, it ranges from shouting at people

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through to they do mention, using a vehicle and everything

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in there is designed to try and get people to go and do something.

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So what is being done to stop certain people being radicalised

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and why doesn't it seem to be working?

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Under the Government's prevent strategy, all public sector workers,

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including teachers and social workers, are trained on how to spot

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and report individuals at risk of Islamist far right extremism.

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A local panel then decides what help that person may need to prevent them

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That could mean access to housing, employment

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As was the case for this Birmingham man, who became interested

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in Islamist ideology after developing an alcohol problem.

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I was drinking a minimum of a litre of vodka a day.

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I was vulnerable, I could have gone down the road of extremism.

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We have individuals who have been vulnerable because of their

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What we have been able to do is to support those individuals,

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to deal with their intake of substances because whilst

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they have been high, they have been more vulnerable

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and therefore have responded to propaganda in a different way.

:08:22.:08:28.

I managed to cut down on my alcohol intake and slowly but surely stop...

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But under Prevent, some individuals are also offered mentoring

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Three years ago, I was granted rare access to a mentor

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Souleiman told me how he dissuaded one young man from sending money

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to Islamist extremist fighters in Syria.

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Rather than arguing and telling him, no, don't do that, that's wrong

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and telling him he is a bad person, what I did was explained

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to him that the reason why you are so passionate

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about going out there to help and sending this money

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is because you saw all those women and children suffering.

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So, actually, if you send this money to the people

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who are out there fighting, is that actually going to feed

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So I was then able to direct him and say, look, keep that passion,

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but we are going to try and direct that in a more positive way

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and you could donate that money to Islamic Relief,

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to the Red Cross, and, actually, I saw the smile come to his face

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and the realisation that, yes, that makes sense.

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But the Prevent strategy is controversial.

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Senior figures in both the Conservative and Labour parties

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have recently claimed it unfairly stigmatises Muslim communities.

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The entire Muslim community has felt that Prevent

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They feel like they have become targets unnecessarily and in fact,

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students at the universities have become a programme saying

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students at the universities have begun a programme saying

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And teachers are saying "Educators not informants".

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And that's where we are failing, that is why the United Nations have

:10:06.:10:08.

said that Prevent could be causing extremism, so clearly,

:10:09.:10:13.

to stop that extremism, you need to remove Prevent.

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So how do we stop people from being radicalised?

:10:16.:10:17.

We want to get to the heart of why do the very small amount of people

:10:18.:10:21.

feel like they need to act violently towards their own citizens?

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And the answer is because they don't feel part of society,

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so make them feel part of society, teach them the contribution

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of Islam to maths, culture, to history, to language,

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to architecture, in our schools and people might feel they have more

:10:40.:10:43.

of a vested interest in the future of this country.

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But the Government has said the Westminster terror

:10:45.:10:46.

attack reinforces the need for the Prevent strategy.

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Prevent is not about spying on people, it's about helping people

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at risk in the similar way that they may be at

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For example, risk to guns and gangs activity, risk to grooming, etc.

:11:03.:11:08.

In 2015, 150 journeys to Syria were prevented and I would argue

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that stopping people from travelling to Syria has potentially save lives.

:11:10.:11:15.

So I think success is difficult to quantify, but certainly from some

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of the examples we have, we can say it has been

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When I made that special programme three years ago, I was optimistic

:11:22.:11:26.

that the authorities had found a way of preventing people in this city

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There are examples of Channel mentors doing just that.

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I only hope that in another three years, I won't be back asking

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the same questions about the city I care so much about.

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Next, new treatments being tested here in the Midlands

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are helping premature babies to survive.

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But is neonatal medicine reaching its limits?

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Lukwesa Burak has been finding out more.

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Harry was born four months before his due date

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When it did occur, when obviously she started having contractions,

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I was on the floor, crying my eyes out, because they tell

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Harry had spent only 23 weeks in his mother's womb.

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He weighed just under a pound, less than half a bag of sugar.

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He was very, very tiny and his skin was very delicate

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and near enough see-through, kind of thing,

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Premature birth is the biggest killer of babies.

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Every week - every day - a baby spends in its mother's womb

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until the age of 37 weeks is vital for its survival.

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So when it is thrust into the world before it is ready,

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Now advances in the way doctors treat such tiny babies are improving

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It means they can tackle some of the heart and bowel problems

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And at this hospital, that is how they are helping

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babies from right across Leicestershire and Warwickshire.

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Ten years ago, a baby born at 26 weeks had a 50% chance of making it

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Survival rates are improving every year.

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Leon is one of the lucky babies to benefit from the new science.

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He arrived almost three months early and has already survived several

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He is being treated for NUC currently and he is the baby

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who is weaning off CPAP and clinically, he is stable.

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Doctors are so worried about his bowels, they've decided

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A generation ago, he would have had to survive on sugared water

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You were concerned that there might be some kind of infection,

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so in this situation, he is getting special nutritional

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fluids, where we can give him carbohydrates,

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proteins, lipids, all kinds of vitamins and micro-elements.

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They said they are going to stop feeding him for one week

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But, you know, they don't do anything, they don't want to hurt

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They say everyday is like a roller-coaster, you know?

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One day it is beautiful, we can just have a cuddle

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and everything and other days, it can be an infection and he has

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Some babies here are so weak that even the air they breathe must be

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In the early days of the NHS, no attempt was made to resuscitate

:14:55.:14:58.

Neonatal units were basic and so was the treatment.

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This one has to be given nourishment with a feeder.

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The earlier a child is born, the weaker is its hold on life,

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the greater its helplessness against germs.

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Now babies can survive after spending just 23 weeks

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in the womb, but doctors believe we may have reached the viable

:15:22.:15:24.

I think we're probably around the limit of where we are going

:15:25.:15:30.

to get with the smallest babies, so I don't think there will be

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a big progression to 22, 21 weeks, and I don't think

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Most neonatologists are not into how small can the baby be to survive

:15:39.:15:46.

but how can we improve the quality of that survival?

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So we just need to get her gas, probably 15-20 minutes.

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Survival rates may be improving, but there are still dozens

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of possible complications to navigate for every

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The majority of babies at 23 weeks don't do well and there is a high

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risk of long-term problems, developmental problems

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and the condition of cerebral palsy in those babies that of that such

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and the condition of cerebral palsy in those babies that survive

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New research has shown that many premature babies also face mental

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and behavioural problems as they get older.

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Actually, the most common difficulties premature babies

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are likely to face as they get older are in the areas of cognition,

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so difficulties with memory, with thinking, with problem solving.

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Particular difficulties with attention.

:16:40.:16:41.

And of course, those kind of problems have a major impact

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Only two in ten babies born at 23 weeks survive and few babies born

:16:47.:16:53.

so early will go on to lead a healthy life.

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Because so many face lifelong complications,

:16:58.:17:00.

some doctors question the financial cost of treating them.

:17:01.:17:06.

Intensive care is expensive and so intensive care in this

:17:07.:17:09.

hospital costs about ?1000 per day per cot.

:17:10.:17:12.

So if you are testing a new cancer treatment,

:17:13.:17:20.

you say what is the cost of the drug and how many years

:17:21.:17:23.

We are one of the only specialties where you can be talking

:17:24.:17:30.

So if a baby does well and they come out of the neonatal and they go home

:17:31.:17:35.

and have a normal life, then you have gained a huge amount

:17:36.:17:39.

and that has to be offset against the cost.

:17:40.:17:42.

He's just reached his due date and has gone home weighing

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But you knew they were doing their best for him

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and without their help, he wouldn't be here.

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Leon has recovered from his bowel complications and has

:17:56.:17:57.

He is really good, he's a really good boy.

:17:58.:18:03.

He don't sleep in the night-time, but that's normal for the baby.

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If you look around the unit, you will see sort of picture boards

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up with pictures of children going to school pictures of children

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up with pictures of children going to school, pictures of children

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going on and getting their degree at University that were ex-patients

:18:23.:18:25.

So whilst there is a lot to lose and it can be a very emotional place

:18:26.:18:30.

from that point of view, there is also the most to gain.

:18:31.:18:33.

There is no other specialty we can get 70 years of usable life.

:18:34.:18:36.

There is no other specialty we can get 70 years in useful life.

:18:37.:18:39.

When you leave the big city behind, just how wild can life get?

:18:40.:18:45.

David Gregory-Kumar has been finding out.

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A wild and rugged landscape, exposed to everything the elements

:18:53.:18:55.

can throw at it and in amongst the trees, a wolf.

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For me, this beautiful animal is the spirit of the wilderness.

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Look at that, with those deer, this pine forest, those wolves,

:19:08.:19:10.

this could be Canada, North America, maybe a remote

:19:11.:19:14.

part of Scandinavia - but actually these wolves are living

:19:15.:19:17.

This valley is home to a unique sanctuary run by a unique man.

:19:18.:19:27.

Tony Haighway has been rescuing wolves for the past 35 years.

:19:28.:19:31.

His sanctuary is called Wolf Watch UK and it's been in this secret

:19:32.:19:34.

So, Tony, this is an amazing landscape, why is it

:19:35.:19:40.

Well, Shropshire isn't agriculturally manicured like a lot

:19:41.:19:48.

Farming practices here are very much the same as they have been for quite

:19:49.:19:53.

And although it is only a postage stamp of natural

:19:54.:20:00.

environment for the wolves, it's very similar to perhaps

:20:01.:20:04.

how you would find them in their home countries.

:20:05.:20:06.

And this hidden valley will soon be home to two eight-month-old wolf

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pups who've been driven out of their own pack and need

:20:19.:20:20.

I'll be joining them on their 200 mile journey from Hertfordshire

:20:21.:20:24.

Moving two walls isn't easy. -- wolves.

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The two new wolves will be the latest of about 35 wolves that

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Tony has taken in over the years but it all began kind of by accident

:20:38.:20:41.

after he came away from a visit to a Warwickshire zoo

:20:42.:20:43.

We learned that the zoo was being closed, so we asked

:20:44.:20:47.

the owner what he was doing with the wolves and his response was

:20:48.:20:50.

that they were going to be put down because they weren't worth anything.

:20:51.:20:54.

So out of the blue, and I really don't know

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to this day why I said it, I simply asked, could I have them?

:20:57.:20:59.

He thought he could get them rehomed in another zoo.

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But he soon discovered that in those day, zoos simply put

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So the truth dawned upon me very swiftly that I'd got these

:21:09.:21:10.

And that was the start of Wolf Watch.

:21:11.:21:15.

He moved from Warwickshire to here in Shropshire

:21:16.:21:22.

as his pack of rescue wolves continue to grow.

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35 years on, this secret haven is supported by Wolf Watch members,

:21:26.:21:28.

who adopt the animals so Tony and his team can

:21:29.:21:32.

They usually come to us through zoo closures, dominance fights or

:21:33.:21:47.

excessive breeding. We don't breed, we simply keep them until they turn

:21:48.:21:48.

their toes up. And I'm about to meet

:21:49.:21:50.

two wolves who've spent their entire lives here,

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yes, I'm meeting wolves up close. We've got Maddie on the left,

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she's the female, and then we've got Kosi behind us, her brother

:21:58.:22:01.

and they're siblings Tony adopted these two

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as pups and they've lived a long life here at Wolf

:22:04.:22:07.

Watch. So are they quite old for wolves? Do

:22:08.:22:18.

they live this old in the wild? The average age in the wild is around

:22:19.:22:21.

eight. These are an extraordinary age. In captivity, the average would

:22:22.:22:23.

be 14 and they are now 18. Kosi and Maddie were only 9 days

:22:24.:22:28.

old when Tony adopted them. They were so little he had

:22:29.:22:30.

to hand rear them, and it's a 24 hour job bringing

:22:31.:22:33.

up baby wolves. They slept with me in a sleeping bag

:22:34.:22:38.

for the first two months of their lives in the kitchen.

:22:39.:22:39.

But after they had moved out of the house, their special bond

:22:40.:22:42.

with Tony continued and that's why he can bring people into

:22:43.:22:46.

So that was just amazing, I didn't really know what to expect,

:22:47.:22:51.

I thought they might be a bit like a big dog or something

:22:52.:22:54.

but actually, when you first get in there they're quite intimidating.

:22:55.:22:57.

They're much bigger, they've got these huge paws

:22:58.:22:59.

and claws and they're very powerful looking but actually

:23:00.:23:01.

after a while it's just a huge privilege to get so close to them.

:23:02.:23:10.

Kosi and Maddie are the oldest residents here but shortly Tony

:23:11.:23:13.

Tehau coming from down south and I have come to Hertfordshire to join

:23:14.:23:27.

them. That takes a lot of planning and a man with a gun.

:23:28.:23:34.

Wildlife vet John Lewis will dart them to knock them

:23:35.:23:37.

The plan is to get started early so they can be released

:23:38.:23:41.

into their new home at Wolf Watch before dusk - but perhaps

:23:42.:23:50.

unsurprisingly the wolves don't want to be darted.

:23:51.:23:52.

than planned, and well behind schedule , the young

:23:53.:23:55.

wolves are finally safely in their travel crates.

:23:56.:23:57.

How are they doing? They are doing all right. The female had quite an

:23:58.:24:04.

easy time of it, it took two minutes to dart her. The mail gave us a bit

:24:05.:24:08.

of a run around and the circumstances beyond our control

:24:09.:24:14.

meant we had to dart him in a wooded area, and they are very good in

:24:15.:24:15.

those areas. These young wolves are brother

:24:16.:24:16.

and sister and were part of a pack But they were being bullied

:24:17.:24:19.

by the other wolves so Paradise Wildlife

:24:20.:24:23.

Park in Hertfordshire stepped in to help rehome them

:24:24.:24:24.

and bring them to Tony Wolves are probably one of the most

:24:25.:24:34.

difficult animals to keep in a captive environment. It is natural

:24:35.:24:39.

in a pack that you will get issues, lower ranking Wolf wants to move up

:24:40.:24:42.

the hierarchy of it and in the wild, they can keep away from each other.

:24:43.:24:44.

In a captive environment, that doesn't happen. The team from the

:24:45.:24:49.

wildlife park will be looking after the walls on the journey and after

:24:50.:24:53.

another half an hour, John the vet says they are OK to travel -- the

:24:54.:24:55.

wolves. But we're now well behind schedule

:24:56.:24:58.

and the weather is against us. So one van containing two slightly

:24:59.:25:02.

drowsy wolves, they're off to their new home in Shropshire

:25:03.:25:04.

and ahead of them is It's pitch black, windy and raining

:25:05.:25:13.

heavily when the young wolves and the rest of us,finally

:25:14.:25:20.

arrive in Shropshire. The day has been long

:25:21.:25:21.

and bewildering for the pups and the Wolf Watch team now have

:25:22.:25:25.

to work fast to get them settled But moving two big wolves in two big

:25:26.:25:28.

metal crates across a muddy valley And it's all got to be done

:25:29.:25:32.

as gently as possible. On the floor? Yes, nice and steady.

:25:33.:25:40.

Lovely. Getting them out of the van

:25:41.:25:42.

is the easy bit, we've still got to move them right

:25:43.:25:45.

across the sanctuary site to their enclosure,

:25:46.:25:47.

and that takes us a lot of time, involves plenty of people

:25:48.:25:50.

and some heavy machinery. We are going to go around the back

:25:51.:25:54.

of the gate. But eventually both pups

:25:55.:25:57.

are safe in their new home. We're running a bit behind schedule

:25:58.:26:00.

so we're not gonna release the wolves now ? we're going to wait

:26:01.:26:03.

overnight and get used the wolves now ? we're going to wait

:26:04.:26:07.

overnight and get them used to new surroundings,

:26:08.:26:10.

we'll be back in the morning Next morning - and 28

:26:11.:26:12.

hours after their big move began, it's time

:26:13.:26:22.

to release the pups. Tony tries to tempt

:26:23.:26:26.

them out with chicken. Clearly, he is not raise, just yet

:26:27.:26:37.

and neither is his sister. I will leave now and let them come out on

:26:38.:26:42.

their own and see what happens. So how come after that time cooped up

:26:43.:26:45.

into the great, they are not rushing to get out in the open? It is a

:26:46.:26:49.

sense of security, they have been never such a long time and also it

:26:50.:26:54.

must be quite fearful to brought into no environments with new

:26:55.:26:58.

people, new spells. -- new environment with new people and new

:26:59.:26:59.

smells. So time for us

:27:00.:27:03.

to leave them alone, and it wasn't long before the male

:27:04.:27:06.

pup finally ventured out. No sign of his sister -

:27:07.:27:12.

he's clearly the braver almost painfully unsure

:27:13.:27:17.

about all this. Getting used to their new home

:27:18.:27:19.

is going to take time. But he's not keen to come out

:27:20.:27:22.

and neither is his sister just yet If two months later, we are back. We

:27:23.:27:36.

found in the days afterwards they started to explore more and formed

:27:37.:27:40.

an alliance, which was very reassuring, with other walls and

:27:41.:27:43.

that is who they are spending their time with -- other wolves. Things

:27:44.:27:49.

are working out much better than I hoped. The wall plugs had a really

:27:50.:27:52.

stressful journey to arrive there and when they arrived, they were

:27:53.:27:57.

really unsure -- the wolves. Now we are back here, you consider are much

:27:58.:28:00.

more happy and confident in their new surroundings are not getting to

:28:01.:28:03.

know the other wolves, forming their own Wolfpack, and that is really

:28:04.:28:08.

good news. Wolves have been extinct in England for 500 years but thanks

:28:09.:28:12.

to Tony and to Wolf Watch, there are now eight living in this valley,

:28:13.:28:15.

bringing a little bit of the wilderness back to Shropshire. You

:28:16.:28:22.

know, that is such an unusual film, but I love it. Before we go, don't

:28:23.:28:26.

forget, we are on the BBC iPlayer if you have missed anything and also on

:28:27.:28:30.

Twitter. That is it that this series, hope you have enjoyed

:28:31.:28:33.

watching and we will see you in the autumn. Have a good one. Goodbye.

:28:34.:28:39.

We always love hearing about your story ideas, so please get in touch.

:28:40.:28:47.

See you in September.

:28:48.:28:50.

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