30/09/2013 Inside Out Yorkshire and Lincolnshire


30/09/2013

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Out. Tonight we are here in Bradford. This week, standing up for

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their rights. We need the employees taking on the employers failing to

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pay the minimum wage. —— we meet them. I found it odd that it was

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only £100 per week. Also, liar—liar! One of the most famous

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films of the region reaches the grand old age of 50. And dying

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heritage, the distinctive slate roofs that may end up disappearing.

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Tomorrow is a red letter day for over 1 million people across

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Britain. That is the date when the minimum wage goes up from £6 19 to

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£6 31 an hour. But is that enough to live on? And our employers even

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paying the minimum wage? That is really good. It is dearer in ASDA.

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Meet Shirley Scott, one of Sunderland's test shoppers. She

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knows the price of everything. That is 48p cheaper. What will this

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cost? £20. It is 1957. —— £19.57. That is amazing. I added it up. You

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have to know what you are doing when you are going to feed the family. I

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am getting two for the price of one. The reason surely's specialist

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subject —— the reason May's specialist subject is shopping is

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she is on the minimum wage. She would like the race tomorrow to be

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much higher. Do employers get it? No, they do not live in our world.

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The 12p rise will not make anyone rich but it will be

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many. The North East has 71,000 people paid the adult minimum wage.

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Yorkshire and the Humber has 139,000. The highest number is in

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the North West, 171,000. It is not enough for people and the cost of

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living has gone up massively. When even more —— we need more. There is

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too much of a gap between the higher earner and the lower earner. I

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support a living wage and most employers should head that way. What

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can you do with an extra 12p? That is not going to change anyone's

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life. When the previous covenant set up the minimum wage the idea was

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that was the absolute basic and employer could pay. It was the law.

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But in the last two years, there have been no prosecutions for

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breaking the rules, so you may think that everyone is playing by the

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book. Well, let's find out. Hello, how are you? Jump in. Karen knows

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these roads near Abbeytown in Cumbria well. She used to drive a

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minibus. We would pick up disabled children and take them to school. It

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was a good job. She was offered the job by a family friend, Wallace

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Cuthbert, and was offered £80 a week. After a while things did not

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add up. So you and a flat rate, the hours went up the money didn't

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really? No. How did that compare to wage? I dig it was a lot lower. I

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worked out I should be getting £135 a week. Fed up with being exploited,

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Karen went to an employment tribunal. What happened there? You

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could not afford a solicitor. No, we went on the internet and looked at

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everything we needed to know. And he won. Yes. —— and you won. Yes macro.

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The minimum wage is a good idea but needs to be enforced. Next up, a man

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whose early business career looked very promising. David knows all

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about clinching a deal. I have six appointments from BT business

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customers. In 2004, he was voted Yorkshire's Young Apprentice of the

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Year after setting up Axis Telecom and another company, Servizon, in

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Hull. Haps learning from his own experience, employed nearly 200

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staff as apprentices. —— haps learning. I found it really odd that

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it was only £100 a week but I kept on going because they mentioned

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bonuses. Allen and Lewis were taken on as apprentices. As such, they

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work paid well below the minimum wage. They would say £100 a week is

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nothing so you need to make sales to have something to live on.

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Eventually, both of them did come into some money but only after the

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company was taken to an employment tribunal. The boss was ordered to

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pay more than £100,000 after underpaying his staff. At the time,

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I was like, oh, I have won it, but really, it was my money anyway. It

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has made me more aware of the weight employers try to cheat you out of

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money and things. It was a good learning experience. David Meyers

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also declined to be interviewed but told me...

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There is one thing all these people have in common. Although the

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employers broke the law, the cases were brought in employment tribunal

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's, not the criminal courts. So far that means there have only been

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eight prosecutions in England for nonpayment since the minimum wage

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was introduced and none in the last two years. Her Majesty 's Revenue

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and Customs police the system, so are they tough enough? A couple of

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years ago we tried to use Revenue and Customs to enforce the minimum

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wage but we found out that they were cumbersome, time—consuming, slow.

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They were reluctant to enforce it, even. Our clients found that Revenue

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and Customs were not doing anything. So we chose to go down the tribunal

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route. But that is going to get harder. Six months ago, the

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Government scrapped legal aid for employment advice, and there is

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more. Many people will now have to pay a listing fee at an employment

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tribunal. You are depicting and you have to pay just to have your case

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heard. It is absurd. —— you are the victim. And there is no guarantee

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that even if they win the case that they will get the tribunal feedback.

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So who is in charge? I am off to see Vince cable, the Business Secretary

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and the man who has promised action. People who... People on minimum wage

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are not going to be able to afford the £100 just to get to tribunal. We

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are looking at how we can toughen up processes to make it easier for the

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authorities to take action. It strikes me that for an employer who

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wants to get around the minimum wage it is fairly easy, because the finds

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are not great and the person earning below minimum wage cannot afford to

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take it any further. That is why I have been trying to move the system

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forward and in future, naming forward and in future, naming and

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shaming will be a much bigger part of the action. So we will see

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change? Oh, yes. So if an employment law firm in Liverpool is turning

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away hundreds of people, but does tell you there was a problem? If

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that is the case, why don't they bring it to the Revenue and Customs

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or to me on and I will try to ensure more action is taken? Programme is

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half an hour. Based on your salary, you have earned £32,000 during our

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programme. Someone on the minimum wage has earned just over £3. Is

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that fair? No, there are differentials. I certainly want to

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see upward movement in the minimum wage but we do not at the same time

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want to bring so much pressure on small firms, some of which have just

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survived through this very difficult period, and pitched them out of

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work. Last week the Labour Party said it would increase the £5,000

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fine for firms not paying minimum wage to £50,000. Vince Cable did not

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promised he would follow suit but he said we would see tougher action

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against rogue employers in future. If you have any views on that story

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or you know a story we should be covering, please contact us.

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You can do so via Facebook or Twitter. Coming up: A dying art. The

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distinctive slate roofs which could become a rarity in Lincolnshire.

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This year sees the 50th anniversary of one of the best movies ever made

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in Yorkshire. Filmed right here in Bradford, it starred Tom Courtenay

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and an up—and—coming actress at the time, Julie Christie, and it paints

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a picture of Bradford when the 1960s were just getting into full swing.

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Up you can't beat a good film, can you? And this is one of the best. It

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was made 50 years ago in Yorkshire. To fully understand the impact Billy

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Liar had, I am going to take you back to 19 six D3. The North had

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suddenly become fashionable. For a lot of people, this was the year the

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60s began. 50 years ago, Bradford was the

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backdrop for a film which told the story of Billy Fisher — an office

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boy for a local undertaker who escapes into a fantasy world far

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away from his everyday life. Billy was played by a young actor from

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Hull, Tom Courtenay. For me, it was the boy, because I was that. I was

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very lucky. It was very personal to me. The script was written by two

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writers from Leeds, Keith Waterhouse and Willis Hall. And the whole film

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was rooted in the West Riding. The film—makers came here to Bradford.

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It was a city that was starting to look very different, and social

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attitudes were about to change as well. Times were changing, and Billy

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Liar's Yorkshire locations showed how the film industry was adapting

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too. Billy Liar very much was a movie that was made on location. It

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proved to be bold that you could make it outside, outside of London,

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in the provinces. It is also a time capsule. It shows a Bradford that

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does not exist any more. It shows the Victorian architecture that made

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the city what it was has been swept away. In many ways, in the 50 years

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since the movie was finished and filmed here, the city has changed

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absolutely. In 1963, Helen Fraser was a young actress straight out of

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drama school. She got the part of Barbara, who wants to marry Billy

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and settle down. Billy? It was very exciting, my first big film, and

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Bradford is not like it was today. It was a very noisy city, and we

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used a lot of it for the locations, including the street. Sometimes I

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think you are avoiding me. We are supposed to be in gauge. A lot of

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young men saw themselves in billy. Battalion excavation mark A section

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of the film was shot in Leeds — a victory procession through a

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demolition site in Armley. Amateur cameraman David Chapman filmed the

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sequence being shot, in a slum clearance area where terraces of

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back to back houses were being pulled down. It was very busy. There

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was a tremendous number of people there, and really quite exciting.

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Chapman got easy access to Tom Courtenay, as well as Billy Liar's

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director, John Schlesinger. There he was with Tom Courtenay on this horse

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and he was asking Tom Courtenay to make some funny faces. For Rita

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Mallison and Jean Jacques, it was a taste of stardom. They were extras,

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playing women soldiers. They answered a newspaper ad for women

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who were six feet tall. But they spent most of the day hanging around

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— Tom Courtenay had the same problem. I like filming now, I

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hardly do any. I like it much better than I used to do when I was

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younger. There was a lot of waiting around, but now that is my favourite

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part. When the film was released, Rita and Jean found they weren't on

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screen for long. The first couple of times I don't think I could even see

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myself. But eventually, you pin it down. It has been a talking point

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for years. David Chapman shot another piece of Billy Liar footage

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in front of Leeds Town Hall. As Tom Courtenay reviews a parade, there's

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a dark—haired actress beside him called Topsy Jane. At the time,

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Topsy Jane was riding high. In The Loneliness of the Long Distance

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Runner, she'd worked well with Tom Courtenay. It is nice appear. Now,

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the two young stars were being reunited. What are we going to do

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when we get back to Nottingham? Do you remember an actress called Topsy

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Jane? She was an earth mother type. But, after a few weeks filming,

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Topsy Jane dropped out. Topsy Jane became ill, she had a nervous

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breakdown, she had to leave the movie. And they had a real problem

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because they had to either cancel everything or refilled it. The part

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went to a newcomer who became one of the '60s' biggest stars, Julie

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Christie. Sections of Billy Liar had to be re—shot. Sometimes the gaps

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still show. When Julie Christie's character first arrives in Bradford,

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there's snow on the ground. But she's greeted by Courtenay in

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brilliant sunshine. You've got Julie Christie playing Liz, who

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personifies the swinging 60s. The 60s with a decade of the pill,

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burning your bra, sex, drugs and rock 'n' roll. As soon as she is on

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screen, she lifts it to another level. What was your first reaction

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when you heard you had been awarded the winner? I don't know what

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happened, I had a blackout from the moment I heard Christie. Within

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three years, Christie would win an Oscar for her role in the film

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Darling, also directed by John Schlesinger. Topsy Jane never made

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another movie. If Julie Christie was the swinging '60s, Helen Fraser's

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character came from a different era. In Undercliffe Cemetery, Billy tried

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to talk their relationship through. I know what you mean, we must be

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patient. We would only regret it. Just have one more energy tablet.

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She was rather old—fashioned but she had the right ideas and she longed

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for a little cottage in the country. She was not your archetypal 60s rock

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chick, was she? No. There were parts in the film, they were a bit saucy.

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The fantasy scenes. Billy kept having dreams. We could have... One

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of the dreams was what he would like Barbara to be really like. I was

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measured for a black lace corset and a negligee and I had to walk towards

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swinging an orange on a ribbon. I had to shoot it three times because

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I could not be sexy enough. I was such an innocent little girl! 50

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years on, Billy Liar is still part of some people's lives. Billy's home

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is a real house, in a real street. And it's in Baildon. Its owners are

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proud that their home was part of the film. I have got to ask, do you

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like the film? I love it. We have got the film, I have been to the

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cinema to see it. That is one of the reasons I wanted the house. Your

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custodians of a little piece of British film history, aren't you? It

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is nice that you are maintaining a bit of history. We are maintaining a

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few things like the wallpaper, we have got 50—year—old wallpaper. It

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still looks really good. Do you make them sit and watch Billy liar when

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people come round? It is compulsory, they have to watch it.

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So that's Billy Liar. A film Yorkshire can be proud of — with a

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lot of happy memories. Here in Bradford's Little Germany,

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many of these 19th—century warehouses made from stone, have

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been preserved and restored in recent years. But over in rural

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Lincolnshire, there is a distinctive slate roofing material which is in

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danger of dying out completely. We have been finding out more.

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As someone who is passionate about our heritage, I have always felt you

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should be able to stand anywhere in the country and know what part of

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Britain you are in. And where Cambridgeshire, Northamptonshire and

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Lincolnshire and Rutland converge, you can do just that. It is the

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stone buildings that make this distinctive honey coloured

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landscape. I just love the building materials around here, that golden

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yellow limestone. Look at the roof, organic, natural looking. It really

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blends into the landscape. The distinctive stone slate used to make

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these routes, it is only found around here. This is the village

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that gives it its name, Collyweston. But the unique character that

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Collyweston slate gives the local buildings is at risk. And with it,

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the extraordinary heritage that has gone to make this area so special.

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This is the type of stone that goes to make Collyweston slate. It is

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just wonderful, look at the colour variation. It is really

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fine—grained, it has got silica sand and it. Really superb, hard wearing

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stuff. This stone is such a perfect roofing material that this was once

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home to a thriving mining industry. Hundreds of men would split their

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time between farming in the summer and mining in the winter. A mine

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shaft in the middle of an industrial estate. It is getting cold, from

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this height down, it is getting really cold. I am on my way down to

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meet mine owner and Slater Claude Smith. Follow me. This is the

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entrance to a closed slate mine. This is incredible, I didn't expect

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anything like this. This mine opened in 1846 and spreads out beneath the

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entire industry state. The scene of Collyweston stone is not even high

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enough for me to stand up in. What we are standing on is quite sandy,

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and it starts above this and goes up to how high? So that is the top of

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it? That's all it is. He showed me how the stone is mind through brute

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force coupled with an intimate knowledge of the stone, including

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the peculiar sound can make. So what about this thing I can read about

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that Mac this thing I have read about it clicking or talking. They

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used to say it talk to you. You are perfectly safe. It is estimated that

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there is enough Collyweston stone in this mine to roof 3000 houses. No

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new slate has been produced here for decades, however. The mines had all

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fallen into disuse by the late 1970s. They would need massive

:23:24.:23:27.

investment to bring them back into production. That lack of new slate

:23:27.:23:33.

means there is a limited supply for new buildings and repairs. Recycled

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slate, salvaged from demolished buildings, is used. But this supply

:23:38.:23:42.

is dwindling so there is a real danger that people will be forced to

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reroof with foreign materials. Here is a classic example, a lovely old

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barn, maybe 18th century. At some point in the past, they smack slate

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roof has been slipped —— stripped. You might think roofing materials

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are not important, but if we lose these local distinctions, everywhere

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just begins to look the same. We lose the skills to maintain the

:24:08.:24:12.

places we love as well. The tragedy is, when that happens, we don't just

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change the look of a place, we change its heritage, its history

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will stop the story of the miners and the slaters who built places

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like this. This man knows the problem only too

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well. He is one of an increasingly rare bleed, —— increasingly rare

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bleed, —— increasingly rare breed. This piece of log would have been

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weathered and if you look closely, you can see all the veins in the log

:24:44.:24:46.

there. chance to work on new stone like

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this. The biggest problem is we can't get enough new slate. If there

:24:55.:25:01.

is not enough been produced, we tend to go to reclaim. Most of it is

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reclaim here. We make up the shortfall is that way. We need to

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find a way of producing Collyweston slate again. To keep the industry

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going? It is not just the difficulty in mining the stone, because it

:25:18.:25:21.

might be possible to get sufficient quantities from quarries. But

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traditionally, once the stone was brought out, it was left outside for

:25:25.:25:29.

at least three winters so the frost could expose the natural joints.

:25:29.:25:35.

Today, that is not commercially attractive. English Heritage is

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working on a scientific solution. Locked away in here, we have four

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pallets of stone which are being artificially grown. The art —— the

:25:44.:25:51.

idea being to speed up the process. So the idea is to give nature at

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helping hand? Yes. The stone has been extracted from a local quarry

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to experiment with the idea. The stone is thoroughly saturated before

:26:04.:26:09.

going into the freezer. So how are the experiments going? I will show

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you over here. This is log that has been in probably once. It is all

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still still very thick, no noticeable

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heading plain showing up. If you look at the stone here, you can see

:26:32.:26:39.

very clearly that it is beginning to appear much cleaner. When we get to

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the slot, which has had at least three cycles, if you look at the

:26:44.:26:51.

thickness of that. So we're getting there? That's right. We have a lot

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of work to do. It was very successful in the lab. There is a

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lot more work. I hope we can find a solution to this problem, because it

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is absolutely unthinkable that we should lose this great tradition. I

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have come to meet up again with Sean, who was re—roofing are barred

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with Collyweston slate. This roof looks absolutely beautiful. Thank

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you, appreciate that. I can see how these diminishing courses work. How

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long does it take you to do reflect this? Two, three slaters, about six

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or seven weeks. We have more work going on. We have got a roof just

:27:53.:28:06.

starting that needs levels. You can have a go yourself. Can I? They sit

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better that way. I have got to get this right. They have got to match

:28:13.:28:20.

the bottom. Leave a little bit of a gap. Hopefully this will still be

:28:21.:28:29.

here in centuries' time. I hope they will. Let's hope so.

:28:29.:28:38.

That's all from us tonight here in Bradford. Make sure you join us next

:28:38.:28:45.

week. We will be meeting the Rugby League players suffering with health

:28:45.:28:49.

problems. Visiting an often overlooked area of the Pennines and

:28:49.:28:54.

reminding people of the super clubs of the 1960s.

:28:54.:28:59.

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