04/10/2016 Newsnight

Ladies and gentleman, it is your new Prime Minister.

And piece by piece this week, we are slowly getting to know her.

I've got a task to do, as Prime Minister.

To reinstate some trust for the British people with

Well, there's a bigger issue of trust we have at the

moment, which is us delivering on the Brexit vote.

She's firmly resisting giving much away about herself and her plans.

But we've been trying to break through the defences, speaking

She was contemplating standing for the

There is no criticism of her to say she had that ambition.

And I think she has thought hard and long.

Also, if I might say so, she's worked hard.

Also tonight, the nearby oilfields torched

by Islamic State still burn, as the two million residents

of Mosul are told to prepare for the massive US-led offensive

And the three British Nobel prize winners for physics who were part

We hear from one of the recipients, Duncan Haldane.

As well as Sir Martin Rees, the Astronomer Royal.

Hello, welcome back to the Tory conference, here in Birmingham,

where there is really only one big star right now, Theresa May.

There are lots of small stars, softly glowing on the sidelines.

That's the cabinet, but the new Prime Minister

And we will be focussing on what we know of her style

But before we do, we have news of another party

leader this evening, Diane James, very recently elected

Our political editor Nick Watt is with me.

Extraordinary. 18 days since she was elected. What do we know about the

circumstances? In the last hour Diane James has issued a statement

saying she is standing down for personal and professional reasons.

In this statement she issued to the Times newspaper she has cited, for

example, she was very shaken when she was back at on a train on her

way to Cardiff in recent days. That shook her. There are also evidently

medical problems within immediate member of her family. Interesting

comment that state when she is talking about that she won the

enthusiastic support of party members 18 days ago but then she

goes on to say "It has become clear I do not have sufficient authority

nor the full support of my MEP colleagues and party offices to him,

changes". That is upon which I based my

campaign. Interesting, on the official papers you have to sign,

confirming you are leader, she added the word, in Latin, under direction.

She has never been officially made a leader. But there is no debate about

the fact that Ukip has had a horrendous success in the referendum

but then complete enclosure. Arguably, Ukip is this country's

most successful party ever, they were set up to do one thing and it

has been achieved. Take us out of the European union. To mulch was

leader contest. Diane James, or those you MEPs in Strasbourg, she

had dinner with Nigel Farage and he has told LBC this evening that he

does not rule out a return to the leadership. He has done that before.

Maybe Steven Woolfe, another one of those high-flying MEPs. He failed to

submit his nomination papers on time. He has a second chance if it

comes to that. Thank you, we will hear from you in the programme.

Now here, Theresa May is very much on top here.

But for one who is so much the centre of attention,

she exhibits a certain reluctance to open up.

That's not a criticism, it's an observation.

Tomorrow is her day, when she makes the most

important speech of her year, addressing the conference

But today was her day, too, with a number of interviews.

All of us trying to get some kind of clue as to her intentions.

At this point that reticence works to her advantage, because everybody

But can she really hope to sustain the acclaim?

Our political editor Nick Watt has been looking at what's known

Rarely in our recent history has a political

leader risen so far, while revealing so

In the autumn sunshine of Birmingham, this week,

our new Prime Minister, who has been on the front line

of British politics for the best part of two decades...

I was the first to promote for a woman Chairman and she became

the first woman Chairman of the Conservative Party.

I know that in Theresa there is real steel.

Theresa May is enjoying something of a political honeymoon,

which is lasting longer than the brief excitement

The last Prime Minister to take over without an election.

Officials regard her as "No Drama Theresa"

and are struck by how she's taken the preparations for today's

Friends say that the honeymoon is not down to luck,

You should remember, Nick, she was contemplating standing

And there's no criticism of her to say that she had that ambition.

And I think she has thought hard and long.

Also, if I can say, she's worked hard at her brief on whatever she's

been doing, Home Secretary or whatever.

And, so, she was well prepared for coming into office.

Theresa May has slipped naturally into her new role.

The atmosphere in Downing Street is said to be orderly and calm,

And her days as party chairman have paid off,

as she looks at ease with grassroots Tories in Birmingham.

She's somebody that is at home with the Conservative Party,

she likes the Conservative Party, she came up through it.

And I would think, in just about every constituency, there

I think the fact is, and I'm sure that David Cameron

will probably accept this, there wasn't a great

He got them into a position to win elections.

And he ran a difficult coalition for five years.

I think, however, with Theresa there is an almost immediate sense

The Tories have long known that Theresa May is a pragmatist.

But this week, she's been selling herself to the conference

as a leader driven by political passions, as she talks

But if she wants to succeed, one former minister passed over

in the reshuffle suggests that she should do more to build up

Theresa has been a member of our party and really at

the core of our party, counsellor and Chairman,

going to association dinners for many, many years.

And really respected and liked, because of all of that,

David never had that advantage because she was so much younger.

But, actually DC did go out into the tea room and he was in

But she needs to do that. Those things are important.

Listen, if you can socialise with all our wonderful members,

Old colleagues say that even the happiest of honeymoons

And the inhabitants of Downing Street can

become consumed by the inevitable incoming fire.

The thing about being Prime Minister is that the bullets

In other departments, it's not so intense.

But, actually, the Department where it is most intense,

outside of Number Ten, is, undoubtedly, the Home Office.

If five people in the Conservative Parliamentary party are not onside

and the other parties get their act together,

then she won't be able to get her wishes through the House of Commons.

After a tumultuous few months for the Tories, Theresa May

aims to set the seal on a lasting relationship

The next challenge is to win round the country by finally

Nick is with me again to look ahead to tomorrow.

His whole programme, today. What do we know about the speech tomorrow

this is Theresa May's big chance to explain to the country her guiding

philosophy and everyone had an idea of her big message, we need to look

at a little noticed section of her interview with the Sunday Times at

the weekend when she said that government can be good. She had to

look at a little noticed section of her interview with the Sunday Times

at the weekend when she said that government can be good. She had

talked a lot this week about how she use the levers of the state. We

should look at one of the key lines in the speech she made in this city

on July 11 when she launched her national leadership campaign, which

didn't last very long. She said "We don't hate the state, we value the

role that only the state can play". Do you see an ism here, a

philosophy, a guiding principle, intellectual underpinning? I

certainly see a rejection of one ism, if you are saying you don't

hate the state, you are rejecting Margaret Thatcher's famous statement

that there is no such thing as society. A mild rebuke to David

Cameron who famously responded to Margaret Thatcher by saying there is

such a thing as society, is just not the same as the state. He was wary

of the state. But if we want to know what is going on, the philosophy, we

should turn to a friend of this programme, Danny Finkelstein, he has

his finger on the Tory polls and he has an interesting column in

tomorrow's times. To understand what Theresa May is up to, he says we

need to think of two moment in 20th-century US history. Firstly,

look-back two decades to a famous editorial in the conservative

American magazine the weekly standard. Saying the Conservatives

should talk about the role of government and not its limits. The

editorial turned way back to the turn of the sentry at the Republican

president, Teddy Roosevelt, who embraced progressive ideas and

demanded a square deal for workers. Teddy Roosevelt. Nick, thanks.

Well, let's hear from the Prime Minister herself.

She gave a number of tightly-timed interviews to broadcasters this

afternoon, before we had any foreknowledge of her speech.

So would she give us any clues as to her approach to government?

We thought we might talk a little about moral

dimensions to public life, because you, in a way, wanted

to change quite a lot about Britain and make it a country

I just wondered whether there was, whether that meant there

was an ethical gap in your view of it, that you think

So, I wanted to explore that with you.

Well, I think it's very important that people don't feel

that economic growth, the benefits of what is happening

in society, are only being felt by a privileged few.

I think it is important that government ensures that we do

have a country that works for everyone, and that comes

It means an economy that works for everyone, where economic

benefits are spread more across the country.

A society that works for everyone, so individuals, I have always

believed that individuals need to have the opportunity to get

on in life as far as their talents and hard work will take them.

I want to explore it on a few specifics, so let's take

And David Cameron once said he begrudged the fact that some

companies put chocolate oranges by the checkout where

you are tempted to buy them, rather than real oranges.

So, if I'm a company and I can make money by selling chocolate,

even though it might be better for the customers if I sold fruit,

In looking at businesses, I'm very clear that we need

to deal with corporate irresponsibility, when we see that.

Which is why I have already spoken about some of the changes I am

looking at in terms of corporate governance and we will be bringing

forward some proposals later this year in that area.

I think people want to feel that everybody plays by the same

And feel that there isn't just one law for the privileged few

Does that mean sometimes companies should do more

When it comes to tax, for example, they say the obey the law,

Is that enough, if you are pushing the rules to the very limit, or not?

I think companies must recognise that actually they have

For any company, they don't just do things on their own,

they have a reliance on people in their community,

This is why I'm talking about issues like consumer representation

being on boards, worker representation being on boards.

I think it is looking at that wider community in terms of the impact

Let's take another area, which is party funding.

You will know lots of people have given money to political

parties and have ended up in the House of Lords.

A lot of people would say that's not a country working for all,

that's giving rich people more power over our country than other people.

Could you imagine giving peerages to Conservative Party donors?

First of all, the question about party funding is one,

of course, there have been several attempts to change

One of the reasons why the attempts to change the rules on party funding

and to bring in some limits to individual donations have

faltered is because the Labour Party is unwilling to see changes to trade

Which of course often has a direct impact on who they have affected

Which of course often has a direct impact on who they have elected

as their leader and what policies they choose to follow.

Yes, but I didn't hear the answer to the question.

Is it possible, because others have tried to get to grips

You are trying to get to grips with things that other people

haven't got to grips with, so is it possible that you would be

giving peerages to people who have made large donations to your party?

The answer to that is, Evan, that at the moment

with everything I'm looking at, the last thing I'm thinking

I've got a task to do as Prime Minister, it's to deliver,

to reinstate some trust for the British people

There is a bigger issue of trust that we have at the moment,

which is us delivering on the Brexit vote that took

But this means you could be giving peerages to people

who are giving donations, and that isn't the country working

for all, that is the most simple example that you,

Theresa May, could stop here and now in this interview,

by just saying, by the way, give money to the Tories, we are not

What I think is important in terms of the honours system,

and I said this the other day, is that it is an honour system that

rewards those who have made contributions to our society.

If you look at the vast majority of people who receive honours,

actually they are people who are working in their local

I think it's important we have a system that recognises

when people are contributing to our society in that way.

Let me try one last one, foreign policy.

Robin Cook famously talked about an ethical

Did you see foreign policy as needing a strong ethical dimension?

And I would cite an example, which is British

Select committee reports have said those are probably being used

We are selling the arms to Saudi Arabia, but atrocities

in Yemen being perpetrated, by British weapons.

Is that something Britain should be doing, or not?

First of all, we have one of the strongest regimes in terms

of exports of arms anywhere of any country in the world.

In this case, is it working in this case?

We have one of the strongest regimes in relation to arms exports of any

We have been very clear, I have been very clear

personally with Saudi Arabia that we expect these issues

And if necessary, lessons to be learned.

But what is important in foreign policy I think, first of all,

is that we consider what is in the British National interest.

We are going to be taking, continuing to take,

but enhancing our global role, our role on the world stage.

As we come out of the European Union.

That is about the partnerships we form around the whole of the world.

People listening to this would say, what I'm hearing from Theresa May

is not quite as different to what I might have expected

I would be hearing about a new regime, you ethical standards,

a determination if you like to sweep away some of the privileges

and institutions that have been dominating or existing,

Are you that determined to change things?

If you listen to my speech that I'm going to give to the party

conference tomorrow, I'm setting out the sort of economic

and social reform that I want to see for a country that

With us here is the Cabinet Minister James Brokenshire,

He's someone who served in the Home Office under Theresa May

and is seen as one of her closest allies in the Cabinet.

Interesting watching that, she really is not someone who gives, she

retreats quite often to save lines on issues rather than thinking

aloud. Is that because she does not know what her mind is all because

she is keen not to say too much at this point. From all my experience

in working with Theresa May over the last six or eight years, through her

time as Home Secretary, she has been very much a big picture issue person

as well as down into the detail. What you see from her is that

clarity of thought she understands and watches going to get across in

terms of the themes that matter to her. She is a serious politician and

thinks carefully about everything she says. She is very much into that

level of detail, I think she wants to think things through instead of

giving an off-the-cuff answer. She does not want to black stuff out.

Isis bows it is reminiscent of Gordon Brown, not just quite

answering the question when it is given. I cannot see that comparison!

It is the very focused and detailed approach that the Prime Minister

gives. That is the skill we need at the moment when we are looking at

Brexit, at this detailed negotiation we have coming up. I think it is

that approach that she brings. Disciplined message. Let us talk

about Brexit and Northern Ireland, your patch, the issue of the border

between North and South is a very sticky one. Is it possible that

Britain will leave the single market and not be in the so-called customs

union that is the EU at the moment, which effectively is the kind of

trading zone with a wall around it that has tariffs on certain items

coming from abroad. We have come to no conclusions. There has been no

analysis that concludes on this. So we're not going to give a running

commentary. It is possible because you have not come to a conclusion on

it. The bit I want to investigate, if the South of Ireland is on one

side, in one customs union and the North in a different one, there has

got to be a customs post of some kind between the two. Well we have

come to no conclusions, we are seeking to achieve the best outcome

of the negotiations for Northern Ireland... You are just parroting

stuff, and to the question. We will be coming to that as part of the

analysis, as part of that point. But there is a strong desire to see that

we do not return to the borders of the past, something that I have been

clear on. How we have the Common travel area that has served us since

about 1923 between the Republic of Ireland and the UK. And that sense

also of the land border between Northern Ireland and the Republic of

Ireland. And how that benefits goods and services and intends equally of

politics and identity. Everyone shares the objective but if for

example Britain is importing stuff from the United States and the EU

wants to charge tariffs on those items, the EU with said we need a

customs post otherwise people will import it into the North of Ireland,

exported into the South without paying the European tariffs, and

customs will not work. Have you worked out a way of the UK not being

in the customs union without having a customs post? As we have not

reached any conclusions I will not comment on the detail of what we are

preparing. But we're working closely with the Irish government who have

this shared objective because of the benefits for the Irish economy and

also the UK economy around this. Is it acceptable that there might be

not a border, but at customs post, and honesty box if you like, or

maybe not actually a physical honesty box but a system in which

you have to make a declaration within 30 days of exporting. Are

these acceptable ways of Britain leading the customs area? I

understand your desire to get more detail, we are not going to provide

that level of detail on this. But I can say clearly that we want to see

the freest trade of goods and services between the Republic of

Ireland and the United Kingdom, Northern Ireland. That benefit that

we see. The way technology has moved on, I spoke about the Common travel

area, and the way the digital use of information, all these issues we are

discussing clearly with the Irish government. Let's just move on,

Amber Rudd today hinted in her briefings that companies might be

asked to publish how many international staff they employ, the

proportion of staff better international as opposed to British.

Do you think that is something shameful about companies employing

foreign staff, that there should be embarrassed about it and should try

to get that number down? As a government we have set clearly we

want to attract the brightest and the best to come to the UK. To

contribute to our economic growth and prosperity. That is something I

was clear on when I was at the Home Office making those points. When we

look at transparency, those pressures that are there on the

public services, pressures about the speed and the rate of migration. It

is about bringing greater control and transparency. Naming and shaming

companies because they employ foreigners, is that what we have

come to, is that the country that is open to the world that we have been

talking about. There is an issue in relation to skills for example,

companies and UK have under invested in skills and training of workers

here in this country and therefore that sense of the work we need to do

to give skills to workers here and equally with apprenticeships, the

2.9 million were developed, all these issues together. And this is a

complex issue when you look at controlling migration. Then would

you not want to publish something on skills, or training budgets, or

apprenticeships. But to focus on the number of foreigners that you

employee, is that really the Britain you want to be living in? What I

want to do, what I want to see as the government is that we are

outward looking, we are attracting skilled workers to come to the

country to provide that strength and growth that we continue to want to

see. But I think it is important that we focus on skills and

training, on that balance of employment so we're seeing, as Amber

Rudd has highlighted today, we want to consult on EU migration policies,

to see how we can bring those controls because that is what

matters. That is the message that came from the referendum and that is

what Amber Rudd has been saying today.

Well, if the Conservative Party is a delicate ecology of different

political creatures, then there's one species

which is noticeable by its absence here in Birmingham: the so-called

Cameroons, friends and allies of the former Prime Minister.

There have been few sightings, so we sent our resident twitcher

Lewis Goodall to try to find some evidence of them.

The most endangered species at this conference are the Cameroons.

And we at Newsnight are worried about their welfare.

They used to be dominant here, some worry they are now extinct.

You haven't seen any Cameroons knocking around, have you, at all?

We're looking for some Cameroons, have you seen any?

You know, you're trying to find an endangered species.

You know, miss is a strong word, isn't it?

George Osborne, Michael Gove, they used to run this place.

Would you say you're sort of a Cameroon, Mr Gork?

Now we have another very good Prime Minister.

Mr Willetts, you are a Cameroon, aren't you?

I certainly served under David Cameron's government

Are you worried that that part of the party has disappeared,

No, I think that the modernisers and moderates in the party are alive

and well and kicking and well represented

Hello, it's Lewis Goodall from Newsnight.

I'm making a piece about what's happened to the Cameroons,

We are just slightly worried they might be extinct.

That's day three of the Conservative Party Conference.

Tomorrow is the last day and some would say that is fortunate,

because the pound has been sinking since the Tories got

here and we can't afford for them to keep the conference going.

But for now, back to you Kirsty in London.

The Radio of the Republic of Iraq in Mosul started broadcasting

to residents of the city today with advice about how to stay safe

during the expected US coordinated offensive to dislodge Islamic State.

Mosul is the last major city in Iraq under the control of IS,

and Prime minister Haider al-Abadi wants to recapture it before

President Erdogan of Turkey has already announced the date

on which he believes the huge operation will begin -

October 19th - unconfirmed of course.

What is definite is that the population of Mosul -

up to two million people, who have been brutally

repressed for two years, are facing weeks of extreme danger

when the imminent encirclement to oust their oppressors begins.

Here's our diplomatic editor Mark Urban.

It was in Mosul that Iraq's army crumbled,

And in Mosul that Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi declared his caliphate.

Capturing the place gave the Islamic State

It's where the whole campaign against

It's where Isis became something, became known to

the international community, to the regional players.

It's important because the end of the so-called

caliphate, or the Mosul liberation, begin select phase of this whole

process, of this campaign, of this conflict.

Since the IS high watermark, when they were 20 miles

from Baghdad, the group has been forced out of Tikrit,

In Syria, Turkish troops and American backed militia have

cleared them from most of the Turkish border.

Movements between the jihadists' major strongholds, Raqqa

And it's bound to grow harder still as Iraqi forces

France has now joined in air strikes it says will begin the

The Americans have committed additional troops and

whereas at first neither the White House nor its allies wanted people

on the ground, there are now coalition troops joining the Iraqi

The coalition is providing headquarters support, that

means logistics, flying in to provide food, fuel,

ammunition, also providing intelligence and providing

a large number of air strikes and also artillery strikes fired from

Mosul is currently surrounded on three sides by Kurdish forces.

To the north-west, there are groups guided by US and British

To the south, though, at Qayyarah airbase, the Iraqi army

is assembling its armoured brigades, which will push north assisted by US

and French artillery on the ground, as well as air support.

Over the next two weeks, they will shape the battlefield with

these strikes and in a fortnight,

begin the ground advance to tighten their encirclement.

Opinions differ as to how well IS will fight.

Publicly, coalition commanders are expressing

cautious optimism about the offensive.

Privately though, many acknowledge that Islamic State

forces in Mosul could collapse very quickly.

If success happens in that way, it could bring a whole new set

of challenges in a place that has been contested between different

regional powers and their proxy militias for decades.

Secret footage taken in the city with a population

of nearly two million shows them awaiting in trepidation.

Having experienced the brutality of IS

rule, people in Mosul now fear a long battle and fresh sectarian

We as citizens think that the situation in Mosul

after it is liberated will get even worse.

The chances of it turning sour is very high, simply because Isis

Mosul is contested for strategic reasons, the Kurds have territories

there that they are disputing, the same applies to Baghdad.

Whatever happens after Mosul will decide the shape

When the Iraqi army abandoned Mosul in 2014, locals

It was a measure of how badly relations between Sunni

citizens and a largely Shia army had degenerated.

The Iraqi authorities today will need to tread carefully

in the city's reconquest is not to generate fresh strife.

"We have more Nobel Laureates than any country outside America,"

And that total has now gone up, after three British

scientists were awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics.

David Thouless, Duncan Haldane and Michael Kosterlitz

who are at three different American universities, collaborated

in the 1970s and 80s here in the UK on research into the behaviour

After the announcement, the Astronomer Royal Sir Martin Rees

noted that all three had "defected" to the US in the 80s when university

budgets were being squeezed, and that there was a serious risk

that there could be a renewed surge of defections -

spurred, he said, by the kind of rhetoric in the Home Secretary's

speech today, in which she announced plans for new restrictions

In a moment, I'll be speaking to Duncan Haldane live

from Princeton University but first, earlier this evening I spoke

I asked him what a great day this was for science in the UK.

It is, these three people were trained in Britain,

But sadly, they are in all cases working in the US now,

So, the Home Secretary today, Amber Rudd, at conference said that

what she was going to do was move to limit the number

of overseas students, but always be able to bring

In terms of the scientific world, what is your reaction to that?

I think let's recall that these three people went to the US

in the early 1980s, that was the Thatcher period,

And many people defected at that time.

I think that in the last 20 years, UK science has greatly strengthened

and that is partly, incidentally, because it has become more

international and far more involved with mainland Europe.

And it would be very sad if this was jeopardised, of course,

by limiting immigration and by the difficulty

I thought Amber Rudd's speech was really deplorable because that

would certainly lead to difficulties and the perception

is often worse than the reality, that is the problem.

People feel they are not welcome and they will not apply to come

We have really gained tremendously, if we think of other Nobel Prize

winners in recent years, they have come to this country.

The president of the Royal Society, Mr Ramakrishnan, is an Indian

And we had two Russians who came to Manchester, via Holland.

And they got a Nobel Prize, for discovering grapheme.

And we benefit from that sort of thing and it would be very sad

if the mentality changes so that these people

But surely, in a way, if there is even a limiting

because of the fact that we are leaving the EU, it

will encourage scientists to make, perhaps reach out and make

It perhaps will encourage more creative thinking about the kind

We benefit from the EU, but we certainly

In my small department at Cambridge University,

the last five appointments we made were three from the EU,

And that is typical of the University, we are very global.

And the point is it is very important to remain

Do you think we are doing the right things now to breed the next

generation of Nobel Prize winners in the United Kingdom, or not?

I think in the last ten or 20 years, the gradient was positive.

But the worry is that could all be lost by the perception

Because two things happened, first, outstanding foreigners won't be able

to come and work here, people who are working here

And of course young people will feel that science is not a career

where they can do the best work in this country,

So it's all very sensitive to the perception and whether

And the risk is we lose the rather high morale we have had

Lord Rees, thank you very much for joining us tonight.

Well, Professor Haldane joins us down the line

Good evening. Many congratulations. Thank you very much. We will come on

and talk in a minute or two about what Lord Rees was saying. How did

you find out you had won the Nobel prize? Well, I got the usual

telephone call, which here, in the United States, comes in at 10:15am

Swedish time but it was for 15 AM in the morning, US time. LAUGHTER

Not very considerate of them! -- for 15 AM. It was a welcome call even

though it work me up from my sleep. We saw earlier that you went to

lectures at delivered your lectures to great applause.

It was a late-night programme, very hard to summarise what you do in 30

seconds, but over those years when you three worked together, was there

one eureka moment when you realised you were something together? I think

we didn't really work together, I mean, I was inspired by ideas that

David Thouless had. In all our ways, we realised that while the laws of

quantum mechanics had been well-known for many years, Einstein

thought it was wrong and he proposed very interesting tests, which he

thought would refute quantum mechanics but all they did was

strengthen it. Knowing the laws of it doesn't tell you the amazing

things they can do. What all three of us have done in our different

ways is discovered very unexpected things that quantum mechanics does

allow to happen. You were then able to pursue your career. By going to

the United States. Now you heard Lord Rees say that he is concerned

that with the impact of Brexit, that the best students will not come here

and he won't be able to collaborate as easily with students for a double

from the EU. Do you recognise the picture he paints? -- with students

as easily. It is a very international enterprise, scientific

research. It is important that one can have the best students coming.

They are the fuel which drives enterprise, in many ways.

One of the key thing is perhaps lacking in the 1970s and 1980s in

British science funding was an idea that the government funding should

be useful. All the most used -- most useful discoveries come from what is

called curiosity -based research. That was something that was very

strongly favoured by the National science foundation in the United

States. They did a lot to create a very exciting atmosphere. In the UK,

a lot has changed. It has become realised again that the goods

discoveries don't come because you set out to make them, they come

because you are doing something you find interesting. Many times, one

will discover something that turned out to be useful and stimulating. Do

you agree with Lord Rees, that any way of reducing that through

particular mechanisms that we might lose because we are outside the EU

and therefore there will be fewer collaborations with different

parties presumably what you think, that scientific research has to

flourish all the time and it shouldn't be restricted? On the face

of it, not being in the EU doesn't mean that scientific research

shouldn't continue. I don't want to comment on the detail of immigration

issues being discussed. But it is very crucial that one is able to

attract the best and brightest students from wherever one can get

them for these advanced scientific research. If anything will hinder

that, that is a very bad thing for science. I don't want to comment on

whether these new rules being proposed will do that.

Congratulations once again, I hope your celebrations are long into the

night. Thank you. Emily's here tomorrow.

Till then, goodnight. Hurricane Matthew leaves a trail of

devastation through the