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Leytonstone tube station. A lone attacker strikes with a knife. | 0:00:04 | 0:00:09 | |
He slashes his victim's throat. | 0:00:09 | 0:00:11 | |
The attacker at Leytonstone is a good example of a lone actor, | 0:00:11 | 0:00:16 | |
someone who has picked up an ideology and bought into it. | 0:00:16 | 0:00:20 | |
Lone wolves, or lone actors, are the hidden threat the West fears. | 0:00:20 | 0:00:24 | |
The internet is where they breed and feed. | 0:00:24 | 0:00:27 | |
A lone wolf is somebody who has not been to a camp, | 0:00:28 | 0:00:32 | |
not been through extensive training, but someone who has read the | 0:00:32 | 0:00:35 | |
doctrine, bought the narrative and decided to go act on their own. | 0:00:35 | 0:00:40 | |
Tonight on Panorama, the changing face of global terror and the UK | 0:00:40 | 0:00:45 | |
government's controversial Prevent strategy to counter radicalisation. | 0:00:45 | 0:00:49 | |
The challenge with Prevent is that not only is it a toxic brand | 0:00:49 | 0:00:53 | |
but there are fears that it is counterproductive. | 0:00:53 | 0:00:57 | |
Prevent is also about stopping young Muslims from going to join | 0:00:58 | 0:01:02 | |
the so-called Islamic State, IS, or Isis. | 0:01:02 | 0:01:05 | |
I ended up believing that the caliphate was the Islamic State. | 0:01:06 | 0:01:10 | |
So I saw that as an obligation, I'll need to go and join them. | 0:01:10 | 0:01:14 | |
IS is now under pressure. | 0:01:14 | 0:01:16 | |
Mosel, its stronghold, is likely to fall. | 0:01:16 | 0:01:19 | |
MI6 warns of an unprecedented terror threat. | 0:01:19 | 0:01:23 | |
The FBI fears the worst. | 0:01:23 | 0:01:25 | |
We are planning for the eventual return of some very | 0:01:26 | 0:01:30 | |
battle-hardened, tested, trained | 0:01:30 | 0:01:33 | |
terrorist operatives, who will now seek | 0:01:33 | 0:01:35 | |
to return to their home countries, in the United States, | 0:01:35 | 0:01:38 | |
in Western Europe and around the globe. | 0:01:38 | 0:01:40 | |
I've come to New York to investigate the phenomenon of so-called | 0:02:01 | 0:02:04 | |
lone wolves. That's individuals acting largely on their own and not | 0:02:04 | 0:02:09 | |
part of any network. | 0:02:09 | 0:02:11 | |
Most of the terror attacks in America since 9/11 have been | 0:02:12 | 0:02:16 | |
carried out by lone wolves. | 0:02:16 | 0:02:17 | |
Ever since 9/11, New York has been a prime terrorist target. | 0:02:23 | 0:02:28 | |
And Times Square, an iconic symbol of America, | 0:02:28 | 0:02:31 | |
is one of the highest-profile targets of all. | 0:02:31 | 0:02:35 | |
That's why massive resources have been deployed here to deter | 0:02:35 | 0:02:40 | |
and counter any so-called lone wolf or mass casualty terrorist attack. | 0:02:40 | 0:02:45 | |
And the UK faces the same threat. | 0:02:47 | 0:02:51 | |
The military defeat of IS is likely to lead to more lone wolf | 0:02:51 | 0:02:55 | |
attacks abroad, inspired over the internet. | 0:02:55 | 0:02:57 | |
A lone wolf is somebody who has not been to a camp, | 0:02:59 | 0:03:02 | |
not been through extensive training, but someone who | 0:03:02 | 0:03:05 | |
has bought the narrative and decided to go act on their own. | 0:03:05 | 0:03:09 | |
Reading this material online, | 0:03:09 | 0:03:11 | |
just something that happens between that individual's mind and the | 0:03:11 | 0:03:14 | |
glow of that screen of the laptop at one o'clock in the morning. | 0:03:14 | 0:03:18 | |
The Joint Operations Center is at the heart of | 0:03:25 | 0:03:28 | |
New York Police Department's counterterrorist response. | 0:03:28 | 0:03:31 | |
Here, the NYPD can monitor just about everybody and every | 0:03:33 | 0:03:37 | |
corner of the vast metropolis, | 0:03:37 | 0:03:39 | |
through hundreds and thousands of cameras located around the city. | 0:03:39 | 0:03:43 | |
This is the place that, in terms of crisis, particularly | 0:03:45 | 0:03:48 | |
a terrorist attack, comes alive and becomes kind of command and control. | 0:03:48 | 0:03:53 | |
This is New York's front-line defence. | 0:04:02 | 0:04:05 | |
All right, good afternoon, everybody. | 0:04:05 | 0:04:07 | |
We'll do a little quick rundown of all the units out there tonight. | 0:04:07 | 0:04:11 | |
There are over 500 specially trained officers who make up the | 0:04:11 | 0:04:15 | |
Critical Response Command, established last year after the | 0:04:15 | 0:04:18 | |
Charlie Hebdo attacks in Paris. | 0:04:18 | 0:04:21 | |
OK, Stefanski, Cortes. | 0:04:21 | 0:04:24 | |
You guys got post five, OK? You're going to be at the French consulate, | 0:04:24 | 0:04:27 | |
934 5th Avenue. | 0:04:27 | 0:04:29 | |
It's no idle threat. | 0:04:29 | 0:04:31 | |
A lone wolf attacked Manhattan at the end of September, | 0:04:31 | 0:04:34 | |
inspired by IS. | 0:04:34 | 0:04:36 | |
It also claimed a knife attack the same day in Minnesota and | 0:04:37 | 0:04:41 | |
praised a knife attack in Ohio only two weeks ago. | 0:04:41 | 0:04:45 | |
Mckenzie and Lee. | 0:04:45 | 0:04:47 | |
You guys are going to be doing transit bag checks tonight. | 0:04:47 | 0:04:50 | |
The unit works around the clock, 24/7, | 0:04:50 | 0:04:54 | |
and always has an up-to-date intelligence briefing before | 0:04:54 | 0:04:57 | |
it hits the streets. | 0:04:57 | 0:04:59 | |
Isil is under increasing pressure from the US military-led | 0:04:59 | 0:05:02 | |
coalition in Iraq. | 0:05:02 | 0:05:04 | |
In the past we have seen sympathisers | 0:05:04 | 0:05:06 | |
look at events going on abroad as an impetus to retaliate and target | 0:05:06 | 0:05:12 | |
interests in the West or in the United States. | 0:05:12 | 0:05:15 | |
A lone wolf struck New York one Saturday night last September. | 0:05:20 | 0:05:24 | |
EXPLOSION | 0:05:25 | 0:05:27 | |
The bomb went off in a crowded area in downtown Manhattan. | 0:05:28 | 0:05:32 | |
EXPLOSION | 0:05:34 | 0:05:36 | |
31 people were injured, but no-one was killed. | 0:05:36 | 0:05:40 | |
It had been planted in a rubbish skip. | 0:05:40 | 0:05:42 | |
The bomb was a pressure cooker device, | 0:05:45 | 0:05:47 | |
apparently detonated by the timer on a mobile phone. | 0:05:47 | 0:05:51 | |
It is a miracle. | 0:05:51 | 0:05:53 | |
Had the people who were on the other side of the street been | 0:05:53 | 0:05:56 | |
walking on the side of the street where that bomb was when it | 0:05:56 | 0:05:59 | |
went off, we would have people who would have been killed. | 0:05:59 | 0:06:03 | |
Using the surveillance cameras that blanket the city, | 0:06:06 | 0:06:09 | |
the main suspect was tracked down in 50 hours. | 0:06:09 | 0:06:12 | |
The police moved in. | 0:06:16 | 0:06:18 | |
The suspect pulled a gun, the police opened fire and wounded him. | 0:06:18 | 0:06:22 | |
The suspect's name was Ahmad Khan Rahimi. | 0:06:24 | 0:06:27 | |
He's now standing trial. | 0:06:27 | 0:06:28 | |
When Rahimi was arrested, he was carrying a notebook. | 0:06:31 | 0:06:34 | |
A bloodstained page reveals the source of his radicalisation. | 0:06:34 | 0:06:38 | |
The mastermind of IS's lone wolf strategy was Abu Mohammad al-Adnani, | 0:06:51 | 0:06:56 | |
effectively IS's second-in-command. | 0:06:56 | 0:07:00 | |
He was the chief propaganda officer. | 0:07:00 | 0:07:03 | |
And in September 2014, | 0:07:03 | 0:07:07 | |
we see a message from Sheikh Adnani that says, | 0:07:07 | 0:07:12 | |
"Come here and fight with us in Syria if you can. | 0:07:12 | 0:07:16 | |
"For the Islamic State. | 0:07:16 | 0:07:18 | |
"But if you can't make it here, or wherever you are in the West, | 0:07:18 | 0:07:21 | |
"use whatever you have at hand. | 0:07:21 | 0:07:24 | |
"Whether that's a gun, shoot them down. If it's a bomb, blow them up. | 0:07:24 | 0:07:29 | |
"If you have a car, run them over." | 0:07:29 | 0:07:30 | |
In May this year, | 0:07:34 | 0:07:35 | |
Adnani urged IS supporters overseas to target civilians. | 0:07:35 | 0:07:40 | |
This is his voice. | 0:07:40 | 0:07:41 | |
He says, "Civilians, any non-believers are fair game." | 0:07:53 | 0:07:57 | |
The second thing he says is, | 0:07:57 | 0:07:59 | |
"Make sure that you claim responsibility in the name of | 0:07:59 | 0:08:03 | |
"Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, | 0:08:03 | 0:08:05 | |
"the head of Isis, live, during the attack." | 0:08:05 | 0:08:08 | |
In Orlando, Florida, three weeks after Adnani's message, another lone | 0:08:09 | 0:08:14 | |
wolf, Omar Mateen, walked into the Pulse gay nightclub | 0:08:14 | 0:08:18 | |
and shot 49 people dead. | 0:08:18 | 0:08:21 | |
It was the largest loss of life in terms of casualties | 0:08:21 | 0:08:24 | |
in post-9/11 America. But was the attack a coincidence? | 0:08:24 | 0:08:29 | |
I don't think it was coincidence at all. | 0:08:29 | 0:08:31 | |
The first thing he does after killing all those people is | 0:08:31 | 0:08:34 | |
he calls 911, the police emergency number. | 0:08:34 | 0:08:36 | |
IS praised the truck attack in Nice that left 86 people dead, | 0:09:03 | 0:09:08 | |
and Adnani inspired several knifings in France. | 0:09:08 | 0:09:12 | |
GUNSHOT | 0:09:12 | 0:09:13 | |
There were also knife attacks on trains and stations in Germany. | 0:09:16 | 0:09:20 | |
In August, a US airstrike hit its target, killing Adnani. | 0:09:23 | 0:09:28 | |
But to the FBI, did his message die with him? | 0:09:30 | 0:09:33 | |
I fully expect that Adnani will have that same sort of impact for many | 0:09:35 | 0:09:39 | |
years to come. | 0:09:39 | 0:09:41 | |
Adnani's message to lone wolves echoed from the grave barely days | 0:09:41 | 0:09:45 | |
after his death, | 0:09:45 | 0:09:46 | |
when he became IS's poster jihadi on the cover of its glossy magazine. | 0:09:46 | 0:09:50 | |
Would you expect to see more lone wolf, lone actor type attacks? | 0:10:00 | 0:10:05 | |
I think you can definitely expect to see a greater effort on the | 0:10:05 | 0:10:10 | |
part of the Islamic State to encourage more attacks. | 0:10:10 | 0:10:13 | |
I would expect they'll shift the majority of their attention | 0:10:13 | 0:10:16 | |
to external operations. | 0:10:16 | 0:10:18 | |
For us, that means the United States and our partners in the West. | 0:10:18 | 0:10:22 | |
The most recent lone wolf attack in the UK happened almost exactly | 0:10:27 | 0:10:31 | |
a year ago, at London's Leytonstone tube station on a Saturday night. | 0:10:31 | 0:10:36 | |
A musician with his gear was on his way to | 0:10:38 | 0:10:41 | |
a gig, when an attacker slashed his throat with a knife. | 0:10:41 | 0:10:45 | |
A Polish builder at the tube station recorded the scene on his | 0:10:45 | 0:10:49 | |
phone when he saw the attacker waving a knife around. | 0:10:49 | 0:10:52 | |
Why you attack me...with this knife? | 0:10:52 | 0:10:54 | |
That doesn't matter. | 0:10:57 | 0:10:59 | |
I am no Muslim. I am Polish man! | 0:10:59 | 0:11:02 | |
Luckily, a junior doctor happened to be in the station and gave | 0:11:02 | 0:11:06 | |
first aid. The musician survived. | 0:11:06 | 0:11:08 | |
Around ten minutes into the attack, local police arrived. | 0:11:11 | 0:11:15 | |
Taser him, Taser him, Taser him. Taser him. | 0:11:17 | 0:11:19 | |
You ain't no Muslim, bruv! | 0:11:20 | 0:11:23 | |
The words went viral, a rallying cry against extremism. | 0:11:23 | 0:11:27 | |
You're no Muslim, bruv! You ain't no Muslim! | 0:11:27 | 0:11:30 | |
The musician's attacker was 30-year-old Muhiddin Mire, | 0:11:34 | 0:11:37 | |
born in Somalia. | 0:11:37 | 0:11:39 | |
When police searched his mobile phone, they found dozens of | 0:11:39 | 0:11:43 | |
gruesome images of IS propaganda downloaded from the internet, | 0:11:43 | 0:11:47 | |
including an image of Fusilier Lee Rigby, | 0:11:47 | 0:11:50 | |
an early victim of a lone wolf attack in the UK. | 0:11:50 | 0:11:53 | |
The attacker at Leytonstone is a good example of a lone actor, | 0:11:54 | 0:11:59 | |
someone who's picked up an ideology and bought into it and felt | 0:11:59 | 0:12:03 | |
the need to act in the name of a terrorist group overseas. | 0:12:03 | 0:12:07 | |
Mire was sentenced to life. | 0:12:08 | 0:12:11 | |
The judge concluded that the attack was carried out for | 0:12:11 | 0:12:13 | |
ideological reasons. But because Mire was also mentally ill, | 0:12:13 | 0:12:18 | |
he was sent to Broadmoor, a high-security psychiatric hospital. | 0:12:18 | 0:12:22 | |
The latest research shows that mental illness in lone wolf | 0:12:23 | 0:12:27 | |
cases is 13% more than in the general UK population. | 0:12:27 | 0:12:31 | |
I live here. | 0:12:31 | 0:12:32 | |
That doesn't matter. | 0:12:34 | 0:12:35 | |
He shouted that this is for Syria, he had clearly been looking | 0:12:38 | 0:12:41 | |
at lots of Isis, or so-called Islamic State, material previously. | 0:12:41 | 0:12:45 | |
He clearly... The decision to try to cut someone's head off was | 0:12:45 | 0:12:48 | |
clearly emulating the terrorist acts | 0:12:48 | 0:12:52 | |
that had been broadcast by the famous Jihadi John. | 0:12:52 | 0:12:55 | |
What threat do lone actors pose to the UK? | 0:12:55 | 0:12:59 | |
It's a big part of the threat we face today, | 0:12:59 | 0:13:01 | |
and the Islamic State have, in many ways, changed the nature of | 0:13:01 | 0:13:05 | |
terrorism that we're confronting. | 0:13:05 | 0:13:07 | |
The Government is trying to counter these changing and growing threats. | 0:13:11 | 0:13:16 | |
Many are generated by online radicalisation, leading to | 0:13:16 | 0:13:20 | |
lone wolf attacks and young Muslims being seduced by IS propaganda. | 0:13:20 | 0:13:24 | |
Mariam, a teenager and not her real name, | 0:13:28 | 0:13:31 | |
was first drawn to IS via her mobile phone. | 0:13:31 | 0:13:34 | |
The Home Office helped facilitate the interview. | 0:13:34 | 0:13:37 | |
We've concealed her identity and her words are spoken by an actor. | 0:13:37 | 0:13:42 | |
Her radicalisation began when she connected online with someone | 0:13:42 | 0:13:46 | |
in Syria. | 0:13:46 | 0:13:47 | |
What did you say when you messaged him for the first time? | 0:13:47 | 0:13:50 | |
I basically was just trying to find out what went on, | 0:13:52 | 0:13:55 | |
what there was, how life was there. | 0:13:55 | 0:13:58 | |
What was the picture that he painted of the Islamic State? | 0:13:58 | 0:14:01 | |
It was like some sort of wonderland for Muslims | 0:14:03 | 0:14:06 | |
and a place where you have everything you want. | 0:14:06 | 0:14:09 | |
So I saw that as an obligation on me to go and join them. | 0:14:09 | 0:14:13 | |
Mariam's mother had | 0:14:13 | 0:14:14 | |
no idea what her daughter was doing on her mobile phone. | 0:14:14 | 0:14:18 | |
My daughter is someone I'm very proud of. | 0:14:18 | 0:14:21 | |
She's always been very caring for her family. | 0:14:21 | 0:14:24 | |
She always studies very hard. She is very hard-working. | 0:14:25 | 0:14:30 | |
How close to going to Syria were you? | 0:14:30 | 0:14:34 | |
Very close. | 0:14:34 | 0:14:36 | |
I was actually talking about tickets and how much it costs and | 0:14:36 | 0:14:40 | |
booking them. | 0:14:40 | 0:14:41 | |
Did your family know what you were doing, what you were planning to do? | 0:14:41 | 0:14:45 | |
No. No-one knew. | 0:14:45 | 0:14:46 | |
Did you discuss your plans with anyone else here in the UK? | 0:14:46 | 0:14:50 | |
No, but online, I did manage to find people who were also planning | 0:14:50 | 0:14:55 | |
to go from the UK. | 0:14:55 | 0:14:56 | |
-Did you have plans to go together? -Yeah. | 0:14:56 | 0:14:58 | |
Over 800 radicalised British Muslims have travelled to Syria and Iraq, | 0:15:00 | 0:15:05 | |
although the numbers have now dramatically decreased given | 0:15:05 | 0:15:08 | |
IS's recent setbacks. | 0:15:08 | 0:15:10 | |
Radicalisation can start with the very young. | 0:15:15 | 0:15:18 | |
That's why the Government has made schools a priority. | 0:15:18 | 0:15:22 | |
Waverley School, lying in a deprived area of Birmingham, is its showcase. | 0:15:24 | 0:15:29 | |
Almost 90% of its pupils are Muslim. | 0:15:31 | 0:15:35 | |
The contentious issue of the Islamic State is tackled head-on by | 0:15:35 | 0:15:38 | |
a class of 13- and 14-year-olds. | 0:15:38 | 0:15:41 | |
Right, today's lesson, | 0:15:42 | 0:15:44 | |
we are exploring what you already know about Isis, OK? | 0:15:44 | 0:15:50 | |
Think about the questions around the topic Isis. | 0:15:50 | 0:15:55 | |
Let's watch this video clip, let's have a look. | 0:15:55 | 0:15:58 | |
CHANTING | 0:15:58 | 0:15:59 | |
From that video clip, | 0:16:21 | 0:16:22 | |
why do you think people are not represented by Isis? | 0:16:22 | 0:16:27 | |
The teacher asked the pupils to discuss and then write down | 0:16:27 | 0:16:30 | |
their thoughts. | 0:16:30 | 0:16:32 | |
Isis don't represent the majority of Islam, | 0:16:32 | 0:16:34 | |
as Islam teaches you to be accepting of everyone and to respect others. | 0:16:34 | 0:16:38 | |
However, Isis kill people who they feel as | 0:16:38 | 0:16:40 | |
-a threat to them and to God's rule on the earth. -OK, excellent. | 0:16:40 | 0:16:43 | |
They're targeting vulnerable people, OK, | 0:16:43 | 0:16:46 | |
to fight for a cause, to be part of something. | 0:16:46 | 0:16:48 | |
So why does it not represent the majority? | 0:16:48 | 0:16:52 | |
Isis don't represent the majority of Muslims because in Islam, it | 0:16:52 | 0:16:56 | |
-teaches that you shouldn't kill anybody. -OK. | 0:16:56 | 0:16:59 | |
What do you think the media does, actually, in terms of...? You know, | 0:16:59 | 0:17:02 | |
Isis is in the news quite regularly. | 0:17:02 | 0:17:04 | |
It makes us look really bad in front of people. | 0:17:04 | 0:17:08 | |
It makes people change their opinions about us and | 0:17:08 | 0:17:10 | |
-stereotype us in a bad way. -OK, so how are they influencing people? | 0:17:10 | 0:17:14 | |
Because they're trying to psychologically manipulate them | 0:17:14 | 0:17:18 | |
to say that, you know, "We're doing the right thing," when they're not. | 0:17:18 | 0:17:22 | |
Waverley's principal is Jacqueline Newsome. | 0:17:29 | 0:17:31 | |
She was appointed in April this year. | 0:17:31 | 0:17:34 | |
She previously taught at other schools in the Midlands, where | 0:17:34 | 0:17:37 | |
she faced the issue of white right-wing extremism. | 0:17:37 | 0:17:41 | |
And you want to be... Oh, finish that sentence for me. | 0:17:41 | 0:17:43 | |
What do you want to be? What do you want to be? | 0:17:43 | 0:17:47 | |
A pilot? | 0:17:47 | 0:17:49 | |
She makes no apology for discussing highly sensitive topics. | 0:17:49 | 0:17:53 | |
-Why discuss Isis? -Our youngsters are very internet savvy. | 0:17:53 | 0:17:58 | |
They've got access, practically... Well, it's 24 access, to online. | 0:17:58 | 0:18:02 | |
You can't always safely monitor that. | 0:18:02 | 0:18:05 | |
Presumably, many of your pupils, your young students, | 0:18:05 | 0:18:09 | |
because of their age, are vulnerable. | 0:18:09 | 0:18:13 | |
Any child that's exposed to information that's... | 0:18:13 | 0:18:18 | |
extreme can become vulnerable. | 0:18:18 | 0:18:22 | |
We try to counter some of those extremist views. | 0:18:22 | 0:18:26 | |
The Government's policy to fight radicalisation and violent | 0:18:26 | 0:18:29 | |
extremism, and that includes right-wing extremism, too, | 0:18:29 | 0:18:33 | |
is called Prevent, and it's very controversial. | 0:18:33 | 0:18:37 | |
Under Prevent, | 0:18:37 | 0:18:38 | |
how would Waverley respond to signs of radicalisation in a pupil? | 0:18:38 | 0:18:43 | |
As a school, it would be tackled under our normal safeguarding | 0:18:43 | 0:18:46 | |
responsibilities and pastoral systems. | 0:18:46 | 0:18:49 | |
And they're very robust here. | 0:18:49 | 0:18:51 | |
We can always contact the Prevent team for advice, | 0:18:51 | 0:18:54 | |
because we're the ones at the coalface. Chalkface, really. | 0:18:54 | 0:18:59 | |
And we're the ones that know the children well. | 0:18:59 | 0:19:02 | |
The National Union of Teachers is strongly opposed to Prevent | 0:19:04 | 0:19:07 | |
and to the legal obligation on teachers to report any | 0:19:07 | 0:19:11 | |
suspicion that a particular individual is being radicalised. | 0:19:11 | 0:19:15 | |
The same Prevent duty applies to other, mainly public, bodies. | 0:19:15 | 0:19:20 | |
The Prevent programme has elements of referring to authorities, | 0:19:20 | 0:19:25 | |
has elements of people looking over your shoulder. | 0:19:25 | 0:19:29 | |
I think that is changing some of the relationship, | 0:19:29 | 0:19:32 | |
you know, what is a delicate relationship between | 0:19:32 | 0:19:35 | |
teachers and young people. | 0:19:35 | 0:19:37 | |
Why would pupils, | 0:19:37 | 0:19:39 | |
students think that somebody was looking over their shoulder? | 0:19:39 | 0:19:43 | |
Because they don't live in a vacuum, they see reports of young | 0:19:44 | 0:19:49 | |
people being visited by the police for things they've said in | 0:19:49 | 0:19:54 | |
class or things that they may have expressed on the internet. | 0:19:54 | 0:19:58 | |
-In e-mails. -Is Prevent seen as spying? | 0:19:59 | 0:20:03 | |
By some people, I think. | 0:20:05 | 0:20:08 | |
There are teachers who don't feel comfortable with reporting an | 0:20:08 | 0:20:13 | |
individual because they feel it is like spying on the child. | 0:20:13 | 0:20:17 | |
It's not about spying on the youngsters, | 0:20:17 | 0:20:19 | |
it's about protecting those that may be vulnerable or at risk, | 0:20:19 | 0:20:23 | |
and that's part of our wider safeguarding duties, | 0:20:23 | 0:20:25 | |
just as we would for a youngster that was exposed to potential | 0:20:25 | 0:20:29 | |
online grooming, or child sexual exploitation. | 0:20:29 | 0:20:32 | |
Since last year, the opposition to Prevent has intensified, | 0:20:34 | 0:20:38 | |
in particular | 0:20:38 | 0:20:40 | |
in many of the Muslim communities that feel most affected by it. | 0:20:40 | 0:20:44 | |
There is a duty on teachers to find out what the young children | 0:20:45 | 0:20:49 | |
are doing and report them to Prevent if they seem, if they think | 0:20:49 | 0:20:52 | |
that person is becoming... moving towards radicalisation. | 0:20:52 | 0:20:56 | |
And what happens is they end up being the police force, | 0:20:56 | 0:20:59 | |
and we don't need that to be the case. | 0:20:59 | 0:21:01 | |
Teachers need to be teachers. | 0:21:01 | 0:21:03 | |
The Muslim Council of Britain | 0:21:03 | 0:21:05 | |
is an umbrella body of hundreds of mosques. | 0:21:05 | 0:21:07 | |
Why are you opposed to Prevent? | 0:21:09 | 0:21:11 | |
The challenge with Prevent is that not only is it a toxic brand | 0:21:11 | 0:21:16 | |
but there are fears that it is counterproductive | 0:21:16 | 0:21:21 | |
and may yield to negative results for our safety and security, | 0:21:21 | 0:21:24 | |
and that's why we want something that's better. | 0:21:24 | 0:21:26 | |
We want something that has the trust of the community. | 0:21:26 | 0:21:29 | |
Trust is the bedrock on which Prevent has to stand, | 0:21:29 | 0:21:32 | |
and in particular in places like Kirklees in West Yorkshire. | 0:21:32 | 0:21:36 | |
It's one of the Government's Prevent priority areas | 0:21:36 | 0:21:39 | |
and has a history of radicalisation. | 0:21:39 | 0:21:42 | |
Most recently it was here that a right-wing lone wolf, | 0:21:42 | 0:21:45 | |
Thomas Mair, a neo-Nazi, murdered a local MP, Jo Cox. | 0:21:45 | 0:21:50 | |
He was sentenced to life last month. | 0:21:52 | 0:21:54 | |
Under Prevent, every local authority has to establish a panel to consider | 0:21:58 | 0:22:02 | |
how to intervene and support someone who's being radicalised. | 0:22:02 | 0:22:06 | |
The process is called Channel, and it's sensitive, because many | 0:22:08 | 0:22:11 | |
Muslims and others too see it as an intelligence arm of the police. | 0:22:11 | 0:22:17 | |
The police are involved, but it's actually run by the local council. | 0:22:17 | 0:22:21 | |
OK, good afternoon, everybody. | 0:22:22 | 0:22:23 | |
My name's Carol Gilchrist, I'm the head of safe and cohesive | 0:22:23 | 0:22:26 | |
communities at the council and I'm chair of this Channel Panel. | 0:22:26 | 0:22:30 | |
Panel members discuss cases that have been referred to it | 0:22:30 | 0:22:34 | |
and then decide whether intervention is appropriate | 0:22:34 | 0:22:37 | |
to help de-radicalise an individual. | 0:22:37 | 0:22:40 | |
I'm Lee Hamilton and I'm the Prevent coordinator for Kirklees. | 0:22:40 | 0:22:43 | |
Rachel Adcock, team manager Kirklees, | 0:22:43 | 0:22:45 | |
intensive home-based treatment team. | 0:22:45 | 0:22:47 | |
-Jo Wolfe, Partnership Sergeant at Kirklees. -OK, thank you very much. | 0:22:47 | 0:22:52 | |
Three local counterterrorism officers | 0:22:53 | 0:22:55 | |
did attend this meeting to answer questions from the panel. | 0:22:55 | 0:22:59 | |
They did not wish to be identified. | 0:22:59 | 0:23:01 | |
Just as the confidentiality agreement goes around the table, | 0:23:02 | 0:23:05 | |
we will, erm, we will start to look at the year agenda. | 0:23:05 | 0:23:09 | |
We were only allowed to film the introduction, | 0:23:09 | 0:23:12 | |
but I was allowed to stay and hear the cases. | 0:23:12 | 0:23:15 | |
The camera crew, on the other hand, had to leave. | 0:23:17 | 0:23:20 | |
After more than three hours, the meeting was still going on. | 0:23:22 | 0:23:26 | |
The panel discussed eight cases. | 0:23:27 | 0:23:29 | |
Significantly, half of those cases | 0:23:29 | 0:23:31 | |
involved pupils at school, and teachers came along | 0:23:31 | 0:23:35 | |
to give evidence about the cases to the panel, and the panel | 0:23:35 | 0:23:37 | |
then asked them questions about the individuals concerned. | 0:23:37 | 0:23:42 | |
In one case, parents were advised to use the parental lock | 0:23:42 | 0:23:46 | |
and take down most of their son's social media accounts. | 0:23:46 | 0:23:49 | |
Another case involved a right-wing extremist | 0:23:49 | 0:23:53 | |
who'd been referred by Muslims at his workplace. | 0:23:53 | 0:23:56 | |
A further case concerned a person with mental health problems. | 0:23:56 | 0:23:59 | |
I think we have prevented people from being radicalised | 0:24:01 | 0:24:04 | |
at an early stage. We've helped people rebuild their lives. | 0:24:04 | 0:24:08 | |
On the travel to Syria for example, often it's teenagers | 0:24:08 | 0:24:12 | |
who are targeted for radicalisation, and that often happens online. | 0:24:12 | 0:24:19 | |
Channel is at the centre of the criticisms of some Muslims | 0:24:19 | 0:24:23 | |
as they feel the process is secretive | 0:24:23 | 0:24:25 | |
and not open to any outside scrutiny. | 0:24:25 | 0:24:28 | |
Channel very well might be positive for some individuals | 0:24:28 | 0:24:31 | |
and the problem is we don't understand what's going on. | 0:24:31 | 0:24:34 | |
There's no transparency as to who is doing | 0:24:34 | 0:24:37 | |
the Channel de-radicalisation. | 0:24:37 | 0:24:40 | |
There's no transparency as to what happens as a result and so | 0:24:40 | 0:24:43 | |
of course there are security requirements that prevent | 0:24:43 | 0:24:48 | |
full transparency on these issues. | 0:24:48 | 0:24:50 | |
The identities of those who cooperate with Channel | 0:24:50 | 0:24:53 | |
is kept secret. | 0:24:53 | 0:24:55 | |
That's why we were given only limited access to the Channel Panel | 0:24:55 | 0:24:58 | |
and to Mariam's story. | 0:24:58 | 0:25:00 | |
I ended up getting in contact with a whole group of sisters | 0:25:00 | 0:25:03 | |
who all wanted to go to Syria. | 0:25:03 | 0:25:05 | |
And what effect did being part of that group have on you? | 0:25:05 | 0:25:10 | |
Um, it draws you more into it | 0:25:10 | 0:25:13 | |
when you're surrounded by people who have the same aim. | 0:25:13 | 0:25:16 | |
Mariam was on the brink of leaving for Syria | 0:25:16 | 0:25:19 | |
when there was a knock at the door. | 0:25:19 | 0:25:21 | |
The police came seven o'clock and they searched my house | 0:25:21 | 0:25:24 | |
and they took my passport. | 0:25:24 | 0:25:27 | |
And they searched my room. | 0:25:27 | 0:25:28 | |
I tried to get my mobile phone | 0:25:28 | 0:25:30 | |
as soon as possible to delete everything, | 0:25:30 | 0:25:32 | |
but the police came right after me, so I didn't have time to do that. | 0:25:32 | 0:25:37 | |
Everything was there. | 0:25:37 | 0:25:38 | |
I was very nervous and angry. | 0:25:39 | 0:25:41 | |
At that moment, I even slapped my daughter. | 0:25:41 | 0:25:44 | |
They gradually told me that she was planning to go to Syria. | 0:25:44 | 0:25:48 | |
The family agreed to Mariam being referred to Channel. | 0:25:48 | 0:25:52 | |
The Home Office says it's a safe space with no criminal charges. | 0:25:52 | 0:25:56 | |
It was good that the Channel programme came and talked to her. | 0:25:56 | 0:26:00 | |
I was supportive of that. | 0:26:00 | 0:26:02 | |
If she had gone to Syria then, | 0:26:02 | 0:26:04 | |
life wouldn't have any meaning for me any more. | 0:26:04 | 0:26:07 | |
Mariam was counselled on a weekly basis for ten months | 0:26:07 | 0:26:11 | |
by a Muslim mentor knowledgeable in Islamic theology. | 0:26:11 | 0:26:15 | |
Why did it take so long? | 0:26:15 | 0:26:17 | |
Because there would've been a chance of me going back and starting | 0:26:17 | 0:26:20 | |
to support them again and actually going there and joining them. | 0:26:20 | 0:26:24 | |
Mariam is one of over 1,000 mainly young people | 0:26:24 | 0:26:28 | |
who have been through Channel since 2012. | 0:26:28 | 0:26:31 | |
The earlier we spot somebody who's vulnerable, | 0:26:33 | 0:26:35 | |
the earlier we can all collectively, police, community, mental health, | 0:26:35 | 0:26:39 | |
social services, youth workers, we can get round a table | 0:26:39 | 0:26:43 | |
and help prevent this person being drawn towards it. | 0:26:43 | 0:26:46 | |
The Government is now planning to strengthen Prevent, | 0:26:46 | 0:26:49 | |
whilst taking another look at how Channel operates, | 0:26:49 | 0:26:52 | |
in particular with regard to the role of the police. | 0:26:52 | 0:26:56 | |
MACHINE-GUN FIRE | 0:26:58 | 0:26:59 | |
EXPLOSION | 0:26:59 | 0:27:01 | |
But the magnet of the so-called Islamic State may be weakening, | 0:27:01 | 0:27:04 | |
with nearly half its territory gone and Mosul likely to fall. | 0:27:04 | 0:27:09 | |
IS's response is to intensify its propaganda offensive online. | 0:27:11 | 0:27:17 | |
Adnani's successor was appointed last week. | 0:27:17 | 0:27:20 | |
He echoed Adnani's message, | 0:27:20 | 0:27:22 | |
calling for attacks against the enemy in their homes, markets, | 0:27:22 | 0:27:26 | |
streets and gatherings. | 0:27:26 | 0:27:28 | |
And IS's latest video reinforces the call, | 0:27:28 | 0:27:32 | |
urging lone wolf attacks in France and the UK. | 0:27:32 | 0:27:36 | |
VOICE SPEAKS IN FRENCH | 0:27:37 | 0:27:39 | |
The head of MI6 has said that the UK | 0:27:48 | 0:27:50 | |
now faces an unprecedented terror threat | 0:27:50 | 0:27:54 | |
- and the FBI fears the worst. | 0:27:54 | 0:27:57 | |
We expect that many of the foreign fighters who have joined the | 0:27:57 | 0:28:00 | |
Islamic State over the last several years will decide that this is | 0:28:00 | 0:28:05 | |
no longer for them and they'll try to travel home. | 0:28:05 | 0:28:08 | |
So we are planning for the eventual return of some very | 0:28:08 | 0:28:12 | |
battle-hardened, tested, trained terrorist operatives, | 0:28:12 | 0:28:16 | |
who will now seek to return to their home countries, | 0:28:16 | 0:28:19 | |
in the United States and Western Europe and around the globe. | 0:28:19 | 0:28:22 | |
The battle on the ground against IS is still in the balance. | 0:28:22 | 0:28:26 | |
Any victory, be it in the field at Mosul, | 0:28:26 | 0:28:29 | |
online or in the classroom, will be hard-won. | 0:28:29 | 0:28:33 |