26/02/2012 Reporters


26/02/2012

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on BBC News it is time for Reporters.

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Iain Pannell joins the Syrian army defector leading the fight against

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President Assad in the north of the country. On pirate patrol - we join

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Australian surveillance cruise on a counter piracy mission in the

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Somali basin. We need Canadian researchers there are so -- fitting

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cameras to sea lions to see why they are dying out. Welcome to

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Reporters. According to the UN, Syrian women and children and are

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being killed on orders from the highest level of army and

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government. It is thought that President Assad's name is on a list

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of people with the UN says could face investigation over crimes

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against humanity. The Syrian government has denied killing

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civilians. Iain Pannell follows opposition forces rallying support

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in the north of the country. It is a call for a revolution the world

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cannot ignore any longer. Huddled in a safe house in northern Syria,

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lightly armed rebel fighters scene of freedom and defiance. They are

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led by a military defector. Many of the men who come to pay their

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respects are ordinary citizen soldiers. Labourers, farmers, even

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a graduate in English literature. They are fed a diet of rebellion

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and hot sweet tea. I will protect my people, protect my children. To

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make lives better. What do you want? What I want? Freedom.

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Political freedom. Social freedom. Freedom in all of its concepts.

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the last few days we have gone from town to village. He calls this a

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free Syria, the area is highly dangerous. 24 hours a day you feel

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in danger from this regime. It is deadly. President Assad is supposed

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to protect us, he just protects himself. We raced to another town

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and an opposition rally. Their rebellion is almost one year older

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and gathering pace. They chant for the downfall of Bashar al-Assad.

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Not everyone is against the President. Some are afraid of what

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these people want. What we are watching is. -- is the beginning of

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an Islamic takeover. Ethnic and religious differences could become

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the vision and still be on the Syria's borders. -- spill. There

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are many from lines in this battle, we were taken to one of them. --

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front lines. Many have died here as the present and forces his will

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through the barrel of a gun. Government troops have moved into

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this area, where homes have been shelled and civilians killed. We

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have just been brought into this building by members of the Free

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Syrian Army. Government positions are a few hundred metres out in

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that direction. We are told they are using snipers and they have

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brought tanks and troops. We have to keep low and be careful. In the

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distance, you can make out a tank. A reminder of the force at the

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government's disposal. This is what the locals have to defend against

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it. A road block and a few old rifles. At sundown we moved again

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to one last found also in the throes of its own particular

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revolution. It might seem a world away from home, but we are just be

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on the fringes of Europe. A conflict like civil war is raging.

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So far, the world has been powerless to help.

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World leaders have pledged new leader at -- new measures to help

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Somalia tackle terrorism and piracy at a major meeting in London.

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Piracy costs lives and money. Frank Gardner was given rare access on

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board an Australian maritime patrol as it took part in a counter piracy

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mission around the Somali basin. The Royal Navy facing off with

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pirates off the Somali coast. It is an uneven match. Outgunned, the

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pirates surrender. Marines seized the pirates and the weapons. Many

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other attacks go unchallenged. How to patrol more than one million

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square miles of ocean? This Australian crew have brought their

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long-range surveillance planes from Adelaide, they make a huge

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difference. They are going to take us out over the Indian Ocean. The

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area were they think they are most likely to see pirates. I was told

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we were the first British media to be allowed on board. Flying out of

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an air base in the Emirates, this Orion plane allows missions to look

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far out over the horizons, patrolling down to the Horn of

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Africa. INAUDIBLE. Flying, the Australians record every vessel in

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a designated a search area. We are taking photos... INAUDIBLE. Like

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these two fishing boats we saw, film on the plane's electronic

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camera. Something about them made the Australian suspicious. The

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pictures are beamed back to headquarters on land. If pirates

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were confirmed on board, a warship would investigate. What happens

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when the ship is approached by pirates? On land in Dubai, this is

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UK Maritime Trade Operations, the UK's link with merchant shipping.

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Are they following year at the moment? This ship e-mailed them a

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photo of the pirates following them. A crew that does get captured, and

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attack is terrifying. They are going to be in a massive panic.

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They are going to be hiding. Sometimes they lock themselves into

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the ship. This tiny room inside the British Embassy is the nerve centre

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for the charter piracy operation against Somali pirates. It goes out

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to all the navies in the region. The whole area is huge. It is 2

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million square miles. There are 4,000 vessels out there, those are

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just the ones they know about. They cannot stop the attacks entirely.

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Often it is too late. Once pirate state control of the ship, the crew

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become hostages. Without the international patrol aircraft, even

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more sailors would be targeted. patrol aircraft in this region are

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a crucial part of the jigsaw. The contributors are far and wide. We

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have Japanese, we have them from every other contributor as well.

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The reason they are so vital is because of the distances involved.

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They can cover the required areas, they have the ability to report to

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surface units he can affect disruption. Pirate success rates

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are coming down. They are now attacking further afield. They are

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resilient, they are determined, they are performing to a very

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lucrative business model. If I was a pirate, I would rather hope for

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complacency on departure of the International Committee. Successful

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attacks have been reduced. -- international community.

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everyone agrees the solution is not at sea, it is on land. Until that

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happens, sailors risk of death to this multi- billion pounds business.

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When the mafia make you an offer you cannot refuse, you usually pay

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up. One town in southern Italy has been bucking the trend. For

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generations the Camorra preyed on the people around Naples, forcing

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small businesses of all kind to pay protection money. As Alan Johnston

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has been finding out, the people of Ercolano have stirred up to the man

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of the mafia. She is an unlikely heroine. Everything that happened

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here began with this lady. One day the Camorra came calling. Gangsters

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walk into this clothes shop. As so often in this town, they demanded

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protection money. Raffaella Ottaviano would not pay.

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TRANSLATION: I told them. I do not want to have anything to do with

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you. I do not want you to step forward in my shop. Never come back.

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In these streets, Vera kept people quiet. But Raffaella Ottaviano

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broke the silence. She went to the police, they arrested the gangsters

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and protected her. Gradually, others began speaking out as well.

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Today, more than 80 businesses refuse to pay the Camorra. Saying

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no to the thugs who come to demand your money takes real courage. That

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is what shop owners are doing. They are breaking the power of the mafia

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clans in this area. What happened to this once thriving restaurant

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reveals how dangerous it can be to defy the Camorra. Raffaele Rossi

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was shot at and his business PHI bond. He says he will rebuild and

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re- opened. -- firebombed. He says he will never pay the gangsters.

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TRANSLATION: We are humbled. We are human. We cannot deny the fear that

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we feel even today the stock we do have to destroy this kind of

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pressure. -- today. In this place, brave shopkeepers, the police and

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local councillors have worked together. There has been many

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arrests. These people are facing down the gangsters. Now it is hoped

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that other mafia played towns in Italy might draw on the experience

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of Ercolano. The place that said no Polio is one of the world's oldest

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and most crippling diseases. Scientists believe they could be

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close to eradicating it altogether. It mainly affects children under

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the age of five. India has now been polio free for just over one year

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as a result of immunisations. Two drops is all it takes to

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prevent polio. Imagine repeating that 170 million times, tracking

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down every young child across India and you begin to get an idea of

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what it has taken to get rid of polio here. The mark on the finger

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shows they have received the vaccine. What has been achieved is

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remarkable. India wants hat will polio cases than anywhere else but

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political will, resources and dedication have finally wipe it out

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-- India once had more polio cases than anywhere else. The volunteers

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here are from Britain, members of a global network of professionals.

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Rhodri has been at the forefront of the fight against polio for a

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generation, raising awareness. -- rotary. We have done it with

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smallpox, we should be able to do it with polio. I vaccinate dailies

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every day and coming here and doing this is an extension of that. I'm

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really love people and I want to see healthy children worldwide.

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This hospital still has a backlog of patients paralysed by polio.

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Muhammad caught polio as a baby and will need repeated surgery before

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he can work -- Walker with the aid of callipers. It is painful to see

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the suffering. There is so much stick love. If the world could be

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rid of polio, that would be the greatest thing. Polio used to

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spread of fire contaminated water and raw sewage. -- spread it as a

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result of. India has shown that global eradication is possible but

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the war is not won yet. India's paly own free status is under

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threat. Pakistan, Afghanistan and Nigeria also an increase in cases

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last year. This virus respects no borders. That is why it is vital

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mass immunisation campaigns like this continue until every child in

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every country is protected. Poorly run immunisation programmes and

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families who refuse the vaccine by what is preventing those countries

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from match in India's success. It will take unswerving commitment if

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this disabling disease is to be consigned to history.

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The floods in December in the south of the Philippines killed more than

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1,000 people and caused widespread devastation. Many survivors are

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still homeless and living in temporary shelters. It is now clear

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that deforestation caused much of the disruption despite government

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regulation preventing many trees from being cut down. The yonks that

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destroyed the town are now being used to rebuild it. -- logs. Here,

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there is a growing realisation that it was not the water but the long

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it brought with it that was the biggest killer. -- logs. If we have

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something like 750 people who died, maybe half of those lives were

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caused by a beech tree trunks. than 1,000 people died when the

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tropical storm hit in December. The rivers burst their banks and cut

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trees smashed into people's homes. The President has banned all

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lobbying in the Philippines but it depends on where you live as to how

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strictly it is enforced. -- logging. Here, it is almost impossible to

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get a permit but upstream, where much of the debris came from, it is

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much easier. We travelled into the mountains. Rebel groups operate

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here. Central government's ability to enforce the law is weak. At a

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local sawmill, villagers spoke openly about their dependence on

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illegal logging. This woman says she sees big companies doing it

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anyway. What her community is doing is only small scale. He says he has

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got to support his family. He has got no other choice but to keep

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cutting down trees. And so it continues. This consignment was

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only caught because the vehicle was involved in a traffic accident.

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Inside, mahogany. It is worth nearly $10,000. The police say they

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are doing their best but for local campaigners, that is still not good

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enough. Here, we have very good policies. A number of them. Very

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good policies but the problem is the implementation. Those who lost

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their homes in the floods now live in temporary campsites. For them,

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life changed overnight. Stopping of the loggers is going to take much

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longer. Now for a scientific experiment in

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listing some very special sea lions in Canada. The mammals are dying

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out and to find out why, some of them have been fitted with special

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cameras and tracking equipment. Hazy this the line. She is no

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ordinary sea lion. She is not just a performing seal, she is the first

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sea lion in the world to be taught voice commands and hand signals so

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she can work with scientists. It has taken years of patient effort.

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We spend a lot of time with the animals and it is very important to

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have that bond of trust. Sometimes we spend more time with them and

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than our own families. She and her kind are dying out and no-one knows

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why. Canadian researchers are fitting and three other animals

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with tracking equipment and cameras. She does not seem bothered. Hazy is

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taking on her own personal speedboat to the fjords of British

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Columbia. The icy waters are more than one mile deep. It is the

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perfect place to study how she hafts her food. Time to put her to

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the test. Using this equipment, researchers hope to learn more

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about what happens when she goes under the water. She finds her way

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into an enclosure just underneath the platform. Pieces of fish are

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pushed down a pipe that goes right down to the bottom of the water and

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then... The sense saws that measure precisely the amount of energy she

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uses and she's been so downwards to catch the fish. They have

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discovered it is much harder for her to feed it closer to the

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surface - one clue as to why her kind are dying out. We have learned

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that you really understand their daily life, you have to spend 24

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hours with them per day to find out what time of the year is critical

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for them, how they operate. Here, we are getting into the hands of

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the sea lions. For the first time, researchers are looking at the

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