08/04/2012 Reporters


08/04/2012

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Masters. Now it is time for Reporters.

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On the 30th anniversary of the Falklands War, John Simpson tests

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the mood in Argentina where the government has renewed its claim on

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the island. We have a special report on the mysterious nodding

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disease that is affecting children across parts of Uganda and

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devastating their families. We travelled to Germany to hear a

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choir that has survived famine and politics and is still going strong

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after 800 years. Welcome to Reporters.

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30 years ago Britain and Argentina went to war over the Falkland

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Islands. The ruling Argentine military junta at the time stunned

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the world when it landed troops at Port Stanley. Britain retaliated by

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sending a naval task force to reclaim the territory. After 2.5

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months the war ended in defeat for Argentina. Both countries mark the

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anniversary of the conflict. Early morning in Buenos Aires, the

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elegant, understated memorial to more than 600 Argentine dead in the

:01:27.:01:36.
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war is about to open. Miguel Angel is waiting to pay his respects to

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friends and comrades. 30 years on he muses, so many lives lost for no

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reason. It was not worth a single life. Argentina's only real success

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came from the air, they knocked out several British ships. Captain

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Armando Mayora was one of the pilots who sank HMS Sheffield.

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TRANSLATION: I'm sorry that 22 Britons died. It was as

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professionals. We had to do our job. That caused casualties. After 30

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years attitudes remain unchanged. The students at a Buenos Aires bar

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were not even born then, but they think the same way. She says the

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Malvinas are Argentine and were taken from us by an empire. He

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agrees, the Malvinas are still part of our country. Will there be

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another war over the Falklands? Yes or no? Argentina could not do it

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anyway. Ever since the collapse of the military regime here after the

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Falklands War, successive civilian governments have been cutting back

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savagely on military spending. No new planes for 30 years, just

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enough money to pay the wages. This is a country that has chosen to

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disarm itself. It is now conducting a diplomatic war to try and get the

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islands. A political ally for the government thinks it is a success.

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It is the first time that all of Latin America is in some way with

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Argentina in this claim. This is really important for Argentina to

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show that all South America is supporting Argentina in this claim.

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The British doubt it. Most Latin American countries are saying

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quietly, they do not want to get involved. People in Argentina would

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be mistaken if they thought Britain was retreating from the scene or

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not interested in the region or weakening in any way to our

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commitment to the people of the Falkland Islands. Critics of the

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government think the reason the diplomatic battle is heating up is

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that Argentina's economy is in trouble and all this provides a

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useful distraction. But even the critics think the islands belong to

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Argentina. We can go to a special report from

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Uganda where a devastating and mysterious disease has been

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affecting thousands of children. It is called nodding syndrome, it is

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usually fatal. For the last 15 years no-one has been able to find

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a cure. We have been to one area, Kitgum, where almost every home has

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been touched by the illness. At Kitgum hospital desperate families

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queue for help. These children have been attacked by a debilitating

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disease. It severely impairs their mental and physical development.

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This 13-year-old can hardly stand as he has frequent seizures and can

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barely utter a word. The disease has struck in South Sudan and

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Tanzania. Cases were documented 50 years ago. The scientists are

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baffled. They do not know what causes it and have not come up with

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a cure. In the wards, badly burned children, they had seizures when

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close to a cooking fire and were unable to move. Some are in

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critical status. They are unable to eat, unable to walk. If they are

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not brought to the hospital they are likely to die. Driving through

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these villages in Kitgum district, it is staggering how widespread the

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problem is. Every home we have stopped at the parents have said

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one or more of their children have been affected. This region was

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ravaged by war for years. The lasting legacy is deep poverty.

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Many parents cannot afford to get their children to a health clinic.

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For those suffering from nodding syndrome, the attacks tend to kick

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in at meal times. They quickly go into a trance-like state. Their

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mother has seen the disease rob her of two children. She tells me she

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looks after them like flowers in the home, knowing they are no use

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to the family in the future. People pray their own children do not

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succumb. With no remedy this disease stalks the community.

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Britain's Royal Air Force began an intensive training programme for

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its pilots in the US learning to fly drones. Believe it or not,

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British drones in Afghanistan are controlled from a base in New

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Mexico because European laws prevent it being done from UK soil.

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The pilots learn on simulations a lot like video games.

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Around the world countries are scrambling for the technology. This

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is how British and American forces are teaching a new generation of

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Top Guns to fight an aerial war from the ground. In New Mexico,

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trainers are using simulators to teach pilots how to fight long

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distance wars. Billions are spent every year building and developing

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the latest high-technology drones. Hundreds of pilots are being

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trained every year to prepare for a new generation of war, thousands of

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miles away by remote control. are looking at the front of the

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aeroplane and this is the heart and soul of the system. Is this the

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future? This is not robot wars. There is a person controlling it.

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Little consolation to protesters in Pakistan who say civilians are

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killed and oppose America's covert CIA strikes and assassinations.

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is a complete black hole. Civilians do not know if they are going to be

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targeted the next day. Are they standing next to someone who is a

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target? These are unanswered questions. We need more

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accountability and transparency. Military commanders say drones are

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like any other manned aircraft with high standards of training. We do

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everything in our power to minimise civilian casualties. We train the

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crews to recognise elements on the ground. We bind everything we do to

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rules of engagement. Drones are controversial. How they are used,

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who they target and where. Moral and legal debates which will

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increase the more they are used in It is one month since Vladimir

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Putin was re-elected Russia's President. Ever since his victory

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the anti-government street protests which have dominated life in Moscow

:10:29.:10:39.
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seem to have petered out. Russian people's interest in politics has

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not disappeared, they are finding other ways to put pressure on the

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authorities. A boxing hall might seem an odd place for a municipal

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council meeting, this one is about to become a bit of a battleground.

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First, they argue over who gets to be the chairman. The man with the

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microphone represents the old guard. He says he is in charge. His

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opponents do not agree. They are part of a new wave of opposition

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activists who are getting elected in Moscow at municipal level and

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trying to change the way politics is done. The party in power is

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about to bite back, quite literally. This is Vladimir Garnachuk's first

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experience of local politics. He did not expect to be bitten at his

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first council meeting. It is getting rather chaotic. District

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councils like this one have few powers. But Russians are getting

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interested in politics on their doorsteps. A few months ago

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government meetings in Russia attracted little attention and few

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visitors. Now Russians interest in politics is much greater. This is

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people power at the grassroots level. Away from the council

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chamber, Vladimir Garnachuk campaigns on local issues. Opposite

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a school the authorities plan to change this building into a centre

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for drug addicts. He is trying to stop the project. He never planned

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to go into politics. TRANSLATION: I had never even heard of municipal

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councils. When the street protests began after the rigged

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parliamentary election I read on Facebook that new people should run

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for office. It is not only by becoming councillors that Russians

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are trying to change their country. Close to Moscow people have been

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protesting against the destruction of the local forest. The trees are

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being cut down for a new road. It is an issue that has brought big

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crowds on to the streets of the small town. A sign that Russians

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are determined to make their voices heard. Istanbul is one of the

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world's of this city's and with 15 million inhabitants it is one of

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the most crowded. The arrow- straight that divides the city and

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connects the Black Sea has been Istanbul's rubbish dump for years.

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-- the narrow Strait. The busy waters of the Bosphorus. Good for a

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spot of fishing, maybe sailing. Diving? There is little beauty

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under the surface of this most open coastline. These divers are not

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looking for colourful fish, they are after something much easier to

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find, rubbish. After every dive they amass quite a collection. The

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idea is not to clean up the Bosphorus, but to draw public

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attention to what they have dumped in the sea. It is to show the

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people that when they throw something to the sea it cannot be

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destroyed by itself. The people can see easily, they can hold it, they

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can smell it. There is no surprise there is plenty of pollution in the

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waterway. The threat posed to the Bosphorus by the ships that sale on

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its surface is just as great as the people who live along its shores.

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As the only route between the Black Sea and the Mediterranean the buzz

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phrase is used by ships of all sizes. -- Bosphorus. The tankers

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door of the waterside houses and pose a pollution has said. -- dwarf.

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The government have proposed a new canal, but this would take many

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years to complete if it even got started. The city relies on more

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modest means to keep the Bosphorus tidy. A kind of floating vacuum-

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cleaner designed and made in Turkey. Its impact is limited. Its presence

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reminds his -- Istanbul's people of the vulnerability of the Channel.

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She is one of the most famous ships in the world. The Mary Rose was the

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flagship of Henry VIII's Nadir. A $55 million project will tell us

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even more. The Mary Rose, as many of us remember her. Seen through a

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mist of water and preservative, only accessible to the conservation

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team. All that will soon change. Mary Rose has been hidden away for

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two years behind HMS Victory. Conservation teams have been

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wrestling with the unique problem, how to develop a new museum around

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a ship above a Grade 1 listed dock while continuing to treat the

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ancient timbers? Week by week, things like these arrows are being

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prepared for the museum. We remove the air from the chamber so we have

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low pressure. Under those conditions we can safely move water

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from these objects without changing the shape of the objects.

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Eventually around 14,000 items will be on display. This collection

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specialist has spent 20 years cataloguing them. I can smell tar.

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It has helped preserve the rope. Wooden longbows, shoes, personal

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belongings. You can see some of the nits in that one. You can see one

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of the gold coins recovered. This was a gold angel. How much would it

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be worth? It is very difficult to put values on things. For insurance

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purposes probably around �50,000. It is not just a ship, life-and-

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death 500 years ago. The Mary Rose was built here 500 years ago. The

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museum will reunite Mary Rose with her contents for the first time

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since she sank. Breathing new life into the ship and her crew. There

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are not many institutions on their 800th birthday that can still claim

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to be going strong. This choir in Germany is one. The choir of St

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Thomas Church was founded in 1212 and it is celebrating its

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anniversary. One of the choir masters was Johann Sebastian Bach.

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It is a lot of history, in 1212 a monastery was created in Leipzig. A

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school for boys was attached. They were to be trained to become

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priests and they would sing. They still sing, 800 years later the

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music of Bach, who is buried in the same church. He was the choirmaster

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from 1733-1750. Today there are 92 boys aged between 9-18. They sing

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for their supper and education. They get up at 6am, shoes shined,

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faces are bright, the nails are clean. The older boys inspect the

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younger ones. Sometimes the little ones have trouble at school, so

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they come to the older ones. Altner is one of the people who

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runs the choir, the same choir in which he sang himself as a boy in

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the old East Germany. I was proud to go through this origin and get

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the chance to train the choir. Leipzig was bombed in the war the

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choir continued to perform in the ruins. Under Communism times it

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toured the West. In 800 years of this choir has kept on going

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