21/10/2012 Reporters

He insists that the country can survive on its aim.

-- or needs alone. Time for the The human cost of China's economic

success. Why many Chinese people are saying no to industrial

development. Severe weather leads to failing

harvests in India. Reporting on the high percentage of malnourished

children in Mumbai. The women on the front line. This struggle to

clear one million unexploded landmines Inchture Lanka. -- ent

Sri Lanka. There has been a further slowdown in China, the world's

second biggest economy. The latest figures show growth of just under

7.5%. Two years ago, it was 12%. This poses huge challenge to the

country's Communist leadership. But rapid expansion has also resulted

in problems for the environment and local health.

If you wear a pair of jeans, there is a 30% chance they were made here.

This is how China has catching chunks of the global economy and

creating jobs for millions. But like all of China, this town is

facing problems. Slowing demand overseas and rising costs at home.

Small factories line the river banks. Doing things cheaply has

come at a cost for China. The water is tainted. The disgusting, fetid

cocktail that locals say is too polluted to use. TRANSLATION: All

along the river Arno Denham factories. The polluted water from

those places really smells. China's next generation of leaders are

about to take power here in just a few weeks. They face two problems -

how to keep the economy growing but also tackle rising discontent at

the damage that is being done to the environment. A few weeks ago,

riot police fought crowds. They were furious about plans for a

copper factory. People feared its waste would damage their health.

For years, delivering economic growth has been the way China's

communist rulers have kept a lid on discontent. Now, growth is causing

unrest. The �1 billion project would have brought many jobs but it

was not wanted. TRANSLATION: Of course health is more important

than jobs. It matters for our children. If we are sick, how can

we keep supporting them? China's next leaders are inheriting a toxic

legacy. They have plans for cleaner growth but that will be slower and

more expensive. The waste from this chromium factory stay is the ground

in yellow. The Chinese call these places cancer villagers. Cancer

rates have soared in dozens of them. The reason is not clear. His mother

is 47. Three weeks ago, she was diagnosed with liver cancer. She

has less than five months to live. He is convinced the factories are

to blame. His factory pays the price for unrestrained growth.

TRANSLATION: This is depressing living here. Every day, the

factories make choking smoke. We know it causes cancer but nobody

takes responsibility for the sick or the dead. He has not told his

mother of her diagnosis. He says it would be too much for her to take.

He has no faith any one will undo the damage done by years of dirty

growth. The UN has warned that severe

weather has left world grain reserves dangerously low and

informing harvests continue, there could be a major hunger crisis next

year. Droughts are mainly to blame in India, the world's second

largest producer of rice and sugar. There are fears that this year's

below average monsoon rains will drastically reduce output. There is

already a huge percentage of malnourished children.

This boy is four years old but cannot yet to walk. He is one of

the millions of children in India who are malnourished. According to

the World Health Organisation, 43% of Indian children under the age of

five are underweight. His mother says she struggles to make ends

meet. TRANSLATION: My husband gives me less than $10 per week and with

that amount, I have to buy food, water and provisions for a family

of four. It is not enough but I am helpless. What is particularly

alarming about this situation in India is despite a boom in the

economy over the past ten years, high rates of malnutrition have

persisted, indicating that the benefits of India's growth story

have not to call down to its poorest. Statistics show India has

a larger percentage of under developed -- under which children

and less developed countries in sub-Saharan Africa and many other

South Asian nations. It is 40 years since the government set up a

programme for a nationwide child will development including

nutrition schemes. But schemes like this one are being run by non-

profit organisations because social workers say not enough government

projects have been implemented on the ground. TRANSLATION: Even in

the existing government sentence -- centres, there is not enough staff

or equipment. Since 2005, the government has not conducted a into

its schemes on the ground. This has to be done to understand where

there are failures. Malnutrition is a symptom of a number of social

problems that India still faces like poverty, inadequate social

services and lower education. India's Finance Minister concedes

that there are still problems but the government is committed to

finding a solution. We have not done enough and we accept the fact

that we must do more. Therefore, we are spending more on health,

education, sanitation. But this will take time. Experts say what is

most urgently needed is investment in the country's food distribution

infrastructure. India is among the largest food producers in the world

but 30% of the country's claim Roberts and millions go hungry

every year. -- grain rots. Sri Lankan may be at peace after 25

years of conflict but unexploded weapons still pose a danger. There

are more than one million land mines still buried in the north of

the country. Efforts to clear them are under way but it is a dangerous

job that requires a thorough training. Some of those being

trained for that job, a local tunnels, including many women. --

are a local Tamil people. His team of women is preparing for a day of

specialised work - de-mining. The war with Sri Lanka took this

woman's husband. Now, she works with a British de-mining group.

These are the menacing weapons which may lie behind a tree or in

any building. These were scattered near it Willette. She must open the

way to them. With a minute precision, she clears this trick,

digging down 50 centimetres. Once she reaches the weapon, a

supervisor lifts it out with the utmost care. She lost the work even

if it is not widely viewed as a woman's job. TRANSLATION: We have

seen how the people suffered. I wanted to do something good. This

will help them resettle quickly. Meanwhile, this has helped me

educate my children and to look after my family. We work 21 days

and get seven days off. Having located the land mines, the next

thing is to make them safe. All of these musicians meat -- call of

these munitions have yet to be made safe. These have been extracted by

NGOs and the Army's and de-mining unit. It is time to detonate some -

work that only the military can do. It is important to keep Age UK to

the ordinary people about landmines as there have been more than 120

landmine accidents since 2009. Two small voice died last week. We have

increased the lessons that we give to civilians with the involvement

of UNICEF. In the future, hopefully this will not happen. Families like

this one are now preparing to move back into the area. Sadly, their

house, like others, will have to be destroyed and a new one built. De-

mining is the starting point but a vital step. These women are helping

people resettled now and are working towards reading this

The regional fall-out in Syria is still most acutely in Turkey, it is

not only the thousands who have fled, it is also the question of

the Kurds. With in Syria they have won a lot of water money during the

uprising where now the Turkish government fears that Kurds in

Turkey will demand similar freedoms. Tensions are high between the Kurds

and the PKK and the Turkish of therapies. In the last month more

than 700 people have been killed. - - Turkish authorities. The boys of

this town get ready for their fight, the are older man cannot resist

checking their Molotov cocktails. They are holding the funeral of a

PKK fighter. The boys want to show that they too can take on the

Turkish state. They tried to burn down the primary school. That's

because it teaches in Turkish and not Kurdish. This Kurdish

population wants to rule itself. They have the many deaths in this

country. -- there have. And there may be more. That's what the Prime

Minister's language singles. crowd celebrates the peak Pique

leader. -- singles. -- P Kiki -- PKK. He is imprisoned on an island

in Istanbul. You get a real sense of anger against Turkey. It appears

the PKK can count on plenty of local support and that will make it

very difficult for the government and the army to defeat the movement

by force alone. Among the mourners is match here, two of her three

sons were killed fighting the Turkish military. On a quieter day

she takes her grandsons to visit their uncle's grave. We have always

wanted peace. Maybe it is not possible any more. We can't get

along with the Turkish people. We don't understand each other.

for Turkey's Prime Minister, here with party members in Ankara,

understanding is not the point. He offers the Kurds money but not

self-rule. His supporters cheers as his government promises to defeat

the PKK. -- Shea. We are fighting against terrorist groups, terrorist

actions, in a very multi- dimensional approach. Security

measures is one of them. But the rest will be implemented in Turkey

during economic development. promises of development don't tempt

the PKK rebels down from the mountains. The Turkish state may

rule its Kurdish regions, but its soldiers have to wear their bullets

where everybody can see them. Aid agencies are warning of a social

catastrophe as increasing numbers of women in Tadzhikistan are

divorced by husbands working abroad. 1 million catch it MEN, a third of

the adult population, worked in Russia. That a growing number of

migrant workers are choosing not to return to their impoverished

company and are simply abandoning their families. -- country. This

man is 33, she has seen plenty of hardship in her life. -- woman. A

mother of four she lives with her own parents. She had nowhere else

to go after her husband divorced her over the phone. My husband was

away in Russia for more than a year at a time. He would come back for a

couple of months and then he would go again. Most money he sent went

straight to his parents. He divorced me four years ago.

Traditional society has little sympathy for women like this.

Divorce here is almost considered the woman's fault. But she is not

alone in her village there are many other women like her. In this class

run by a local charity abandoned wives are taught about their legal

rights. Over 1 million women, a third of the adult population, look

for employment in Russia. -- men. Money sent home by migrant workers

accounts for nearly half of the GDP in the country. Not on any door in

a typical village here and the chances are very high that at least

one male relative in each household is working in Russia. Labour

migration is vital for this country's survival, but more and

more men are choosing not to come back home, leaving the burden of

raising children on their wives. Without remittances from ex-

husbands there is also a financial burden. The majority of women can

only earn cash by picking cotton, and often children can be seen

working alongside their mothers. Although child labour is banned, a

Unicef study found children in abandoned households are forced to

work. In that situation we find the family ends up poorer, we also find

that health seeking behaviour is work and nutritional status is

worse, educational outcomes are also worse because children might

be forced to leave school early. You also have to contribute

economically -- they have to. at the house the daughter is

learning a new skill. She wants to help her mother to get a better

future. Labour migration is helping to keep the economy afloat, but the

social cost is high and the most vulnerable are paying the price.

Cubans have welcomed been used that the government is scrapping its

hated exit permits, which citizens had to obtain before travelling

abroad. The reform was promised by President Raul Castro over a year

ago, and is the latest in a series of slow social and economic changes

on the communist-run island. Sarah Rainsford has more on this from the

capital, Havana. For over 50 years every Cuban wanting to travel from

this island has needed official permission. Stay away too long and

they are refused the right to return. Finally that's changing.

The end of the hated exit permits was announced on state TV, from

mid-January all Cubans will need to go abroad is an updated passport

and a visa. So the days of endless queues at migration offices are

numbered, all the permit paperwork costs over $300, well over a year's

salary for a state worker. It's no wonder people are happy here.

very happy, really happy! We can now see our families. We can

reunite and come and go like everywhere else in the world.

closed its doors soon after the 1959 revolution, fighting a mass

exodus and a brain drain to the United States. It is still worried

about that, so travel restrictions for some, like doctors, will remain.

And there's ample room in the new rules to stop government critics

travelling as well. But will others rush for the exit? Only if other

countries relax their laws and only if those Cubans can afford the air

fare. The government explains the change, saying most Cubans want to

travel for economic reasons these days, not politics, seeking the

work and the wealth they struggle to find here. The hope is they will

travel then returned, bringing much-needed money and skills back

to the island. Opening its borders is a gamble after so many years of

tight control, but you there is changing slowly. And this is a

major and much awaited part of that. -- but Cuba. To North Africa and

now and the story of one enterprising business that has set

up a fish farm in some of the most inhospitable ants. It is believed

to be the world's only desert fish farm and it is based in Egypt, and

it is proving so successful they are now exporting to Italy. --

lands. The cruel heat of the African sun. The arid Sanz of a

merciless desert that stretches across the Continent. -- sands.

What better place for a fish farm!? Inside these tanks they are rearing

sea bass and a sea bream. All in natural salt water, discovered in a

huge aquifer hundreds of metres under the sounds of the Sahara. It

is the bright, or mad, idea of Tony. I had a dear friend of mine, a

fisheries professor, and he said you are crazy to try to go for fish

in the desert. He said we would give it a try and here we are, we

designed a large-scale intensive fish farm. In fact he told me

finding the water was the easy part. The problem was not the water, the

water is ample and available. The challenge was what to do with the

water we don't need. So out along this pipe comes the dirty water

from the bottom of the fish tanks. Then with the latest method of grip

irrigation it is used to rear special plants, tolerant of salt

water. It is, says Tony, 500 % environmentally friendly. As for

the fish themselves? The feed is precisely calibrated. The water is

cleaner than most waters in the world. The product is profitable

and delicious. So here it is, one Mediterranean sea bass, raised on

the waters of the Sahara desert. And ready to be served on the

dinner tables of Europe and Egypt. They tell m They tell m as tasty a

fish as you will eat anywhere in the world. All this in what should