01/06/2014 Reporters


01/06/2014

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Now, time for reporters. `` time for Reporters.

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Hello, and welcome to Reporters. From here in the world 's newsroom,

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we send our correspondence to get the best stories from across the

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globe. In this week 's programme, Niger's child brides. We report from

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the world 's poorest nations were most girls are married by the age of

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15. He was treated me. One day he locked me in the bedroom, it was as

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if he raped me. TRANSLATION: Please, no terrorism any more. The

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Pope 's prayers for peace. It is a hard life, Rupert Wingfield Hayes

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finds out why the Japanese are turning their backs on sumo

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wrestling. It has existed for well over 1000 years. Now, Japan's most

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iconic sport is in deep trouble. And, it is all in your head. Our

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correspondent tries out the `` tries at the computer that American

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scientists say can read your mind. `` tries out. A country where many

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girls see little of their childhood. Niger has one of the world 's

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highest rates of child marriage. Nearly one quarter of girls are

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married by the time they are 15. It is a social phenomenon bruited in

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poverty, a young bride can be sold for thousands of dollars. It also

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highlights the overall low position of women in society, in one of the

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world 's least developed nations. The government encouraged by the UN

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have tried to provide more protection to girls. In this land,

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all choice is for survival. It is one of the least developed nations,

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with the highest birth rates, Niger. The price fetched by a young

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bride can transform the lives of her family. The bride price is part of

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African customs. These nomads say that as well as locals, wealthy

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Nigerians were now offering big money for beautiful girls. In our

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view it is not a good thing, this man said, it is like a business. We

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don't want that. A girl can fetch thousands of pounds, depending on

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her beauty. Amina has no job, is separated from her husband, and has

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a 15`year`old daughter. She says it is her daughter's choice, but she

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would welcome a wealthy husband. Many families don't have a choice.

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If they have beautiful girls that someone from Nigeria wants to marry

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by giving millions, they get married for this. Even though she is young.

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The legal age of marriage is 15, and nearly a quarter of girls are

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married by then. Childhood vanishes. For this woman, there was the trauma

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of being forced to have sex at age 13. TRANSLATION: I didn't think it

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was about marrying someone I would be happy with. I was very young, and

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I didn't have anyone to whom I could go for advice. He was always trying

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to make it clear that it was as if he had bought me, that it was not

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because I wanted him but because he had bought me. He mistreated me at

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home, he mistreated me. One day he looked me in the bedroom, it is as

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if he raped me. For child brides there can also be traumatic medical

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consequences. ``locked. Young bodies damaged because they are not ready

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to give birth. This is a clinic for the treatment of fistula, a

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gynaecological condition that leads to incontinence and infection. This

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girl, married at 14. This girl, married at 12. This girl married at

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15. They are comforted by Madame Traore, a symbol of African dynamism

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fighting back against child marriage. Getting change is very

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difficult and very costly, it is not easy, because most of the population

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is illiterate. They don't go to school and they don't allow the

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girls to go to school. Change is difficult. Economic desperation is

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driving the decisions of many families, but there is, in this

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society, a long tradition of such marriages. There isn't the taboo

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that exists nowadays in the West. Also, religious leaders here are

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giving explicit encouragement to child marriage. The government,

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encouraged by the UN, have tried to provide more protection for girls

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but face religious opposition. At this Koranic school, the Sheikh

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insist Islam allows for child marriage. It depends on the body of

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the girl and the man's body. If they are mature, the marriage can be OK

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also. In Islamic faith, a girl can get married if she is in good health

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at age nine. To a great many people, what you are saying sounds like you

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are making excuses for child abuse. No, this is not what I mean. I told

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you, there are rules to follow. If you follow the Islamic rules for

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this kind of marriage, we will never have this kind of problem. Such hope

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as there is comes from education and the example set by individuals. Like

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this woman, forced into marriage and sex at just 13. Now, studying to be

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a nurse and hoping to change her world.

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Fergal Keane, BBC News, northern Niger. Can the Pope build bridges

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between Israelis and Palestinians were many others have failed? This

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week he told the Middle East in an attempt to mediate in the peace

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process. He visited some of the most important holy sites for Muslims and

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Jews, and urged people of all faiths to work together. Jeremy Bowen

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followed the Pope on his final day of his historic visit. Every day of

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this trip, he has made carefully calibrated gestures to deliver

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messages. At the Western Wall, the holiest place in the world where

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Jews can pray, he touched the stones and follow tradition by placing his

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own prayer between them. 24 hours earlier, the Pope chose the same

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symbolic gesture at the barrier Israel has built to separate

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Bethlehem, run by Palestinians, from Jerusalem. The Palestinians took

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that as his silent condemnation of what they call the Apartheid Wall.

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Next to a memorial to Jews who died in an attack in Argentina, the Pope

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's own country, Israel's Prime Minister delivered his answer, that

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the barrier is vital for Israel's security. If we completed the wall

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then, thousands would have been saved. We have saved thousands

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because we have this wall. TRANSLATION: Please, no terrorism

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any more. Then, the Pope reached out, the same gesture he used at the

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walls in Jerusalem and Bethlehem. Next, Israel's memorial to the six

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million Jews killed by the Nazis, often after they were transported to

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death camps in cattle trucks. The Pope said that he was shamed by what

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man was capable of doing as he paid his respects at the Hall of

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Remembrance to the Holocaust. This Israeli leg of the trip is as

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important to the Middle East peace initiative as the time he spent with

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the Palestinians. He did more than most visiting leaders to show the

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Palestinians that he believes in their case for independence. Now he

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has to show the Israelis that he takes their concerns equally

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seriously, or his attempt at mediation will have no chance at

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all. The Pope's invitation to come to Rome to pray for peace has been

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accepted by the Israeli and Palestinian presidents. Gestures

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will not end the conflict. But they can change the atmosphere which at

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the moment, would be more than anyone else has managed. Jeremy

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Bowen, BBC News. It was a decisive week for Israel's

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neighbour, it indeed jerked, as the former army chief won a landslide

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victory in the presidential elections. He led the overthrow of

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the previous president `` Egypt's. The police force has become a

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visible presence on the streets. We managed to get rare access to

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Egypt's police academy and said this report.

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Bombings have become a part of Egypt's new reality. The stocks will

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be instrumental in any rescues to come. This is one of many training

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sessions going on in the police Academy, with a new tactics to take

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on the unstable security situation. This massive campus is where future

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policemen and women spent four years of their lives preparing to face the

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challenge of keeping the streets of Egypt say. They tell me they are

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excited about graduating soon and despite the danger and ongoing

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violence they want to be there for their country. For decades the

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police force has been seen as a tool of oppression. They were all but

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gone after the 2011 uprising, but now they are back the theory is that

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there are also back to their old ways. This man says police heavy

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handedness has become even worse. He was arrested outside a mosque near

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an Islamist protest, taken to a police station and beaten for nine

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hours. For his safety we are not identifying him. TRANSLATION: They

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accused me of being a member of the Muslim Brotherhood and I said I am

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not. One officer punched me in the chest and kept hitting my face. They

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tied me to a pillar and kept hitting me. There has been a heavy crackdown

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on protesters. Critics have described the state of human rights

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in Egypt is abysmal. But the head of the academy disagrees and says that

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police have been working really hard trying to wring safety back to the

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streets. TRANSLATION: There are no angels on Earth, there are going to

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be mistakes, but they have been blown out of proportion. These are

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unstable times. You see the bombings and the innocent people who died.

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There needs to be a balance between bringing security back and the issue

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of human rights. And this balance will not be easy. When they leave

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the academy, these recruits will face many challenges. One of them is

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to change the notorious image of the police force.

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It has been a bruising week for EU leaders as voters delivered what has

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been called a Eurosceptic earthquake in elections for the European

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Parliament. Across the region, notably in France, Greece and the

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UK. In Britain it was the UK Independence Party which won the

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vote. We have travelled to Hastings to find out what the UKIP search

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tells us about how Britain sees the EU.

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We are a country shaped by waves. Waves of European migrants landing

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on our shores over thousands of years. But relations with our

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continental cousins have always been strained. When William conquered the

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near Hastings, like every foreign force before and after he could

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never win the battle for hearts and minds. If they had quit warts and

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those pens you hangman your Mac, the Normans were probably have

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negotiated a bulk purchase. The Doomsday book allowed them to impose

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foreign thinking on the governance of these islands. Ever since the

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British have maintained a profound distrust of Eurocrats. Does our

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ambivalence to Brussels disguise a country actually becoming more

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European in its culture and daily life? We used to think of ascot

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better food, better football, better to travel to. We have to adopt more

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of that. We asked whether people felt more less connect with with our

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European neighbours than a decade ago. 21% said more connected. 18%

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less. But the relatively neutral figure hides a divided nature.

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Connection to Europe seems to be getting stronger among some groups.

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But weaker among others. You have got a degree, you read a

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broadsheet, you travel for work, you enjoy a bit of French food. The

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attitude is going to be different than if you are not educated, worked

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in a traditional industry. That is a golf that is clearing Britain. We

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reluctantly joined the European Common market. Many saw Britain as

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the poor relation of the sophisticated continentals with

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their fancy cheese, cars and wines. Now the UK is the destination of

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choice for Europeans seeking a better life. Personally, I am more

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European. Absolutely. I visit Europe a lot. I spend a lot of time there.

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I love Europe. We have always been hypocritical when it comes to

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Europe. We have always withdrawn when things got tough. We are more

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continental than we would like to let on. But whether we welcome or

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resent the consequences of that will depend on how we view

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globalisation, as an opportunity or a threat.

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Think of sumo and you would think of Japan. But if you are Japanese, sumo

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is apparently the last thing on your mind. The sport is looking further

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afield for talent. They are looking as far away as Mongolia, Hawaii and

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Russia. We report from Tokyo on why the Japanese are turning their backs

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on sumo. Nothing about sumo is modern. These

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are the same moves they have been doing here for hundreds of years.

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However, kids may look, this is hard. The temperature is just above

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freezing, but the sweat glistens off the body. 19`year`old has come here

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to train from Hawaii. The man shouting at him is his uncle. He was

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once a grand champion as one of the most famous as was in Japan. `` sumo

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wrestlers. Anyone who thinks sumo is just kept back fat men pushing each

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other around is very wrong. The training is not just tough

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physically, but also tough mentally. If you do not have it appear. You

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have to be mentally tough. It is not just strength and the body. You have

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to think that you can do it. You have to get the mentality. But fewer

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and fewer young men in Japan wants to push hard and strike more on the

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clay of the dojo. Sumo has existed for more than 1000 years. But now

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Japan's most iconic sport is in deep trouble. Revenues are falling,

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audiences falling into a city not that many young men who wants to

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take on this. After training, it is time to cook. This is a rich stew

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all wrestlers eat to keep their weight up. They have two it a lot.

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Sumo was still dominated by Japanese wrestlers 25 years ago. It is now

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all of the top wrestlers are foreign. We have not had a Japanese

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grand champion in over ten years. And that is a problem? It is a

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problem, I think. The foreign wrestlers are more hungry than the

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Japanese wrestlers. Sumo is not so much a sport as a priesthood. But

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this life requires a level of commitment few Japanese men are now

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willing to make. Finally, what if your computer you

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what was going on in your head? Researchers in the United States say

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they have come close to doing just that. They have developed a brain

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sensor that can tell when you like or dislike something, when you are

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bored or you are stressed. We went to see how it works and what could

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be in the future. The computer normally does not know

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anything about you. Wouldn't it be nice if it knew whether you are very

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busy and struggling to get by all board and coasting. Sam has got this

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headband on. What is going on through these cables and what are we

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finding out about them? The cables are fibre optic cables that are

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carrying weight to the head and measured back to this machine. What

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we can find out from that is how hard a particular part of the brain

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is working. So you can tell how stressed someone might be at work if

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they are wearing that, if you're feeling pressure. And if they are

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getting bored. What practical uses might this be? If you have got a

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team of people flying aeroplanes, it could be handed off to somebody

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else. What it basically does is shines light and measures the late

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coming back. It is easy to imagine that this could fit on your head

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somewhere. The predicted workload is going below. Now just think of two

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phone numbers and try and multiply them. This is going way up. We may

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have stomped her. What did it say? When we gave you a mentally

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demanding task, we can predict that the workload was higher and that the

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workload was lower. The challenge is finding out how a computer should

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respond. How far down the road of reading someone's mind are we going?

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We are not reading your thoughts, we are reading your mental state. We

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can determine that you are more less busy. In the distant future we could

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read your thoughts, but that is a long way off.

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That is all from reporters for this week. Goodbye for now.

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So far, so good with the weather through this weekend. I think for

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England and Wales, more fine weather to come on Sunday. For Scotland and

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Northern Ireland, signs to

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