28/11/2015 Reporters

From here in the world's newsroom we send correspondents to bring you the

cold comfort - ahead of next week's climate summit, David Shuckman

reports from the Philippines as it another developing nations

They look and richer nations and say, you have been burning the stuff

years and benefiting from it, now it is our turn.

From brain drain to brain gain - Nancy Kacungira meets the Ghanaian

immigrants in Britain who are going back home to share their skills.

It is amazing looking at that picture on the screen, it looks like

a video game. Inside it is not feel as though we're going at 500

kilometres per hour. It is incredibly smooth. You can see my

phone is hardly moving up. And the supermodel Alek Wek,

who escaped Sudan's Civil War, talks to Anne Soy about image,

standards and staying power. It's probably one

of the countries most vulnerable to climate change, but the Philippines

wants to burn more coal, which is The country's president has

confirmed plans for more coal-fired power plants to meet the

Philippines' huge demand for energy. Ahead

of this week's climate change summit in Paris, the UN has urged nations

to strike a deal to cut carbon emissions, but as David Shukman

reports from the Philippines, some developing nations feel it is their

turn to reap the benefits of coal. Typhoon season in the Philippines.

We filmed this during a monster storm dropped one metre of rain last

month. Large areas of the country were paralysed. Typhoons are nothing

new for people here. This one created worse flooding than usual.

All anyone could do was watch and wait. Drenching rain and a road

closed by flood water. The Philippines is headed by extremes of

weather so often that this kind of thing is almost part of everyday

life, which is why people are worried about the future and what

climate change might mean for them. Evacuate. And emergency drill for a

flash flood. Children in this village know how damaging flood

water can be, so they practice how to stay safe. If the climate

projections are writes, by the time they have grown up, Raines may

get worse if nobody does anything to get worse if nobody does anything to

situation, so that is why the kids, situation, so that is why the kids,

the local government, the government officials should all do something.

The challenge is to make those The challenge is to make those

vulnerable country better able to cope, and on a rickshaw it is a

time the Philippines is developing time the Philippines is developing

rapidly, which raises difficult choices. Electricity is in big

demand, so like many poorer countries it is using more fossil

fuels. One of the largest sources of power comes from burning coal in

places like this. The Philippines government wants 23 more of these, a

controversial move, because Cole gives off so much greenhouse gas.

Burning yet more coal is what scientists say will make climate

change worse in a country like this, but for the Philippines and much of

the developing world, coal offers a cheap and easy way to get more

power, and they look at the richer nations and say, you have been

burning the stuff for years and benefiting from it, now it is our

turn. Just outside the power station, fishermen get ready to go

to see. De-ice they are loading up was made with electricity, and much

of that was generated with coal. But the government thinks coal is a safe

bet. The president and self taught me that alternatives like wind and

solar are not reliable. At the wind funnels working or not? Solder will

be affected by cloudy conditions like this. Have things become

developed sufficiently to become a viable? We are trying to ensure we

have the most modern coal plants in existence. At a shopping centre in

the capital, Manila, there is a vast array of solar panels. Renewable

energy is getting a push, unlike many developing countries the

Philippines is demanding that the richest countries pay for a green

technology since their emissions blamed for global warming. We are in

non-emitter of less than 1%, and yet we die from it. It is time that the

developed nations who caused it, the industrialised nations with the most

emissions in the world, must own up and assist countries who are most

vulnerable. Addy flooded farm, a single light. Millions still live in

poverty, and here is a dilemma. Developing nations are desperate to

generate more power and with it, prosperity. The lights blazing

because of the very fossil fuels that are linked to a changing

climate, which in turn could put this country at greater risk.

As the world's media focuses on the hundreds and thousands of refugees

and migrants coming to Europe, we often forget that some immigrants

It is estimated that more than 300 million people now live away from

their country of birth, sending back over $750 billion to their families.

Many are now returning home themselves to share their skills.

Nancy Kacungira, the first winner of the BBC World News Komla Dumor Award

A British doctor, a Dutch computer specialist. Both born in Ghana, both

are settled and successful in their adopted countries. Both are giving

something back to the land of their birth. This consultant gynaecologist

has raised a family and forged a has raised a family and forged a

thriving career in the UK since leaving Ghana at the age of 14. What

draws her back? I have really been quite privileged. I would not say

spoiled, but certainly privileged. And dad always said, you have to

think of others. It sends a little cliched, but it is true. I first met

where she works part-time. And then where she works part-time. And then

a few days later, at this clinic in Ghana. She is teaching medical staff

how to spot cervical cancer, the deadliest cancer for women in

Ghana. She has even helped the hospital get specialist equipment.

Having been in the UK and having achieved what I needed to achieve

their, I said there are still a role for me to play back home in women's

health. Cancer prevention is my particular area of expertise, and I

felt that having that skill, it did not make sense to sit back and not

do anything with it here. Over the years, Ghana has lost thousands of

in the health sector, to countries in the health sector, to countries

can offer better pay and working conditions, but some of those that

left still feel a strong sense of duty to their country of origin, and

come back to share their skill and their knowledge, turning the brain

drain into brain gain. This man is a respected IT specialist working at

the College in the Hague. He has a wife and child and has lived in

Holland longer than he did in Ghana, so why the need to give back? Icon

myself Dutch Canadian. -- Dutch- Jenny and. I have to do something

for the country I live in. I have contributed to the Dutch society,

and at the same time contribute to Ghanaian society. At the staging

hospital in northern Ghana, lemons has worked to install a computer

system over the last few years that has revolutionised the way the

hospital works. I think it is important for double in the diaspora

to contribute to their country of origin because we have had some

advantages that do not exist over here. We have been exposed to new

technology, and those ideas alone can help contribute to your country

of origin. Every time Clement makes the two-day journey from his home in

the Netherlands to this hospital, he brings something with him. Years of

skill and experience, and sometimes even computers. This relationship

has benefits on both sides. The hospital get a first-class computer

system, and Clement gets the satisfaction of knowing he is ebbing

back to the country of his birth. Ghana is hungry for skilled

workers. They are both part of a scheme which runs in nine countries

and helps professionals get involved in short-term assignments to pass on

their expertise. Migrants do contribute a lot to home countries,

but through the programme we are running the able to do things

formally. We are always thinking about the positive volition joke

between migration and development, where we have knowledge and skills

transfer, that gold is being met. Both are part of a relatively small

programme, and it is too small to tell whether their contributions

will last, but it is an example of what is possible, and with millions

of people on the move across the world, finding ways for migrants to

contribute positively to both home and host societies has never been

more important. It's an industry worth

an estimated $2 billion a year. India is one of the few countries

that allows commercial surrogacy, where you can pay

a woman to carry a child for you. Couples from around the world have

flocked to India to fulfil But the government now wants to ban

foreigners from doing it, arguing that the practice exploits

poor, vulnerable Indian women. Yogita Limaye as been to the town

of Anand in Gujarat known as the surrogacy capital of India

to investigate. Saying hello to the world, and

goodbye to the woman who gave birth to her. This tiny girl Izzie

surrogates baby. Had now she is being taken to meet her parents. In

another room, another new life waiting to be born. This woman is

carrying a baby for an Irish couple. She is a single mother, and

with the $10,000 she will be paid, she wants to build a home and sent

her daughter to school. I'm an educated and work on a farm.

I barely earn enough to feed us. As a labourer I could never

making the money I could make from surrogacy. It will

Homes like these have been built for they pay as

Homes like these have been built for sorry godmothers to live during

pregnancy. Many are carrying the baby of foreign couples, something

India now wants to stop. One of the reasons why India was becoming such

a popular surrogacy destination was because it is easy to find women

here who are willing to bear someone else's baby in exchange for money

because they really need it. But it is also because there is good

medical technology available here and it is cheap. In the US it would

be at least three times the cost, be at least three times the cost,

simply not affordable option for many couples. This couple went to

India from the UK hoping to become parents. Gabriella was born two

years ago. We were looking into adoption anyway, but it is very

difficult to adopt in this country, and we did not know how long it

would take. This was our last chance to have a family of our own. We took

it. And there are thousands of families like us. But if it is taken

away it would be a real tragedy because we were desperate. We were

really desperate. She has now started an online petition against

India's surrogacy ban. By the government says women are being

exploited. That is a sad thing that women are so desperate they are

willing to rent out their bodies, especially since the class of women

involved is mostly the poor and involved is mostly the poor and

illiterate and vulnerable. The government has a duty to protect

them. And so, women here will have to find another way of giving their

children a better life. Foreign couples dreaming of having their

homes full of carefree laughter and noisy games will have to go

somewhere else. This may surprise you,

but Peru has become the world's The drug is produced from the coca

plant which has grown on the eastern slopes of the Peruvian Andes

Mountains for thousands of years. It is harvested by farmers, and some

is still used in the traditional But most is now bought

by drug traffickers, and as Linda Presley reports from Peru,

many young people are being caught This is prime coca country. In this

large valley, the illicit production of cocaine dominates the economy.

Once the coca is harvested and processed it must be transported. We

will call this teenager Daniel. He is a backpacker. It is too dangerous

to identify him, but he showed me how he hikes a 15 kilos load of

cocaine through jungle terrain to far-away rendezvous points outside

the valley. Up to 150 other backpackers walk with him, and for a

trip lasting more than three weeks Daniel is paid $2000. It is a small

fortune here, but it is a perilous occupation. TRANSLATION: On anyone

journey through your four of us die. You can get an infection or.

Like some of the passes are commended the high, they can be 400

metres above the River. You try to help someone, but when someone

cannot be helped you have to leave them on the trail.

The valley is one of the poorest regions in Peru. Levels of poverty

and malnutrition and child literacy is twice the national average. And

there is little work for young people outside the coca business.

TRANSLATION: We do not have Higher Education Institutions here in the

valley. That is why young people sometimes end up as coca growers.

Peru's coca crop. It leaves the Peru's coca crop. It leaves the

valley in small planes and by road. But it is estimated that one third

of it leaves on food on the backs of the backpackers. And stopping them

is not easy. The police need good intelligence and must be prepared

for a shoot out. TRANSLATION: We travel with security at the front

and the back of the line. These people are armed with rifles and are

prepared to defend the drugs and confront the Armed Forces. Daniel

plans to leave this life and go to university, but the temptation to

continue his huge. You sometimes say to yourself, no more. But because of

the money, you think, one more time. But it is never the last

time. You carry on risking your life.

You might think a train that travels at 250 kilometres per hour is fast

enough, but the world's fastest train is about to get a lot faster.

The Japanese bullet line which runs between Tokyo and Osaka

was the first dedicated high-speed railway in the world

Now Japan Rail is building a completely new line along the

Rupert Wingfield Hayes has been on board to find out what travelling

at 500 kilometres per hour really feels like.

In Britain they are about to start building the first high-speed rail

network with trains that will go 250 kilometres per hour. In Japan they

have had trains that can go that fast for nearly 50 years. Meantime

they are about to start building a network that will go 500 kilometres

an hour. With that train their. Today a few lucky locals are being

taken for a ride on the test track. So many have applied they had to

select passengers by lottery. Only one in 16 have actually got a

ticket. This is a map showing the old and new line. This is the blue

line starting in Tokyo, running along the coast, down to Nagoya. And

this red line will run through the mountains to Nagoya as well. The

dotted part is the test track where we will go today. The train has

already broken its own world record, clocking a speed of 603, metres per

hour. We will be going at a more sedate 500 kilometres per hour. Once

inside, it is actually a bit boring. There is very little to see

and almost no sensation of the gathering speed. It is amazing

looking at the picture on the screen, it looks like a video game.

Inside it is not feel that we're going at 501 kilometres per hour. It

is incredibly smooth. You could see my phone is hardly moving at all.

The reason is we are sitting on, we're being levitated by powerful

magnets. There are no wheels on the train. We are floating along. And

that is what makes this train go really fast. It also makes it

incredibly expensive to build. This track will cost I understand 5.5

trillion yen for the first stage, that is about ?30 billion. Within

minutes it is all over, and time to take a souvenir snap. One young

passenger seems rather underwhelmed. TRANSLATION: I'm not

sure I can really tell the difference between 400 and 500

kilometres an hour. By 2027 when Britain opens its first

high-speed line, this one will be whisking people from Tokyo to Osaka

in 40 minutes. She escaped the civil war in Sudan

to become one of the most recognisable faces

in the fashion world. Alek Wek took the industry by

storm back in the late 1990s after At a time when many black models

relaxed their hair, some even lightening their complexion, she

stayed true to her African roots. As part of the BBC's 100 Women

season, celebrating the achievements of women across the world,

Anne Soy has been to meet her. It all changed overnight. There was

an incident when we were barricaded for three days, shooting and

bombing. We ended up walking for two and a half weeks with thousands

trying to find refuge. I saw my parents frightened.

You have written in your biography have I been asked to pose on animal

skin and with a spear. What did that skin and with a spear. What did that

make you feel? I was born in town and I don't carry spears around, so

why will you make me take pictures with spears? Ulick crazy, not me.

Where you under pressure to be size zero, you travel around the world

under all sizes of women. It is wonderful that we can say, it is

beautiful to celebrate if you are currently, and you go to your

doctor, you do your checkup and you are healthy, so therefore you are

absolutely beautiful. But if you are big and you are unhealthy, that is

not good. If you are thin and your just depriving

to nourish your body. There was this time you're wearing a blonde wig

with a fringe. And on the catwalk you moved it -- you removed it and

threw it to the crowd. What made you do that? That was not just about me

taking it off to make a scene. It was the time I was starting in

fashion map to work, and the one thing I told my agent was, if you

are going to represent me, I'm not are going to represent me, I'm not

going to be a gimmick and be in for a couple of seasons. You're going to

take it all believe it. Your father did not make it out of Khartoum.

What do you think you would think of you today? I think he would be very

proud. And that is the reassurance that you are beautiful just as you

are, and you are not going to let anybody degrade you, you're not

going to let anybody bring you down.

The supermodel Alek Wek talking to Anne Soy.

And that's all from Reporters this week.

From me, Philippa Thomas, goodbye for now.

Has been a wild start to the weekend, more wild weather to come,

and an added bytes to the wind bringing some snow showers across

parts