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Welcome to this special edition of Reporters. I'm Karen alanyone | :00:22. | :00:28. | |
Johannesburg. As China invest billions in Africa in a range of | :00:29. | :00:32. | |
reports from across the continent, we'll be looking at what Beijing | :00:33. | :00:39. | |
wants in return. Coming up: Roads, trains and megamalls, is Kenya | :00:40. | :00:42. | |
getting a good deal from Chinese investment? The Asian giant is | :00:43. | :00:47. | |
gambling on Kenya being able to steam ahead and pay back massive | :00:48. | :00:51. | |
loans, but what if the strategy back fires? | :00:52. | :00:58. | |
Security and stability. We've had exclusive access to Chinese | :00:59. | :01:01. | |
peacekeepers on mission in south Sudan. Is this the start of a new | :01:02. | :01:05. | |
strategic relationship that extends beyond the world of business. They | :01:06. | :01:12. | |
coming here for business, and now they're coming for protection. Enjoy | :01:13. | :01:21. | |
the ride, we join Ethiopians on their daily commute, with the | :01:22. | :01:25. | |
state-of-the-art system from the Chinese. This is one step forward. | :01:26. | :01:31. | |
And we'll hang out with the new generation of Chinese, putting roots | :01:32. | :01:35. | |
down in Africa. Are they in tune with the continent's big plans? | :01:36. | :01:42. | |
Since my teenage life started, I was in Africa, so basically half | :01:43. | :01:49. | |
African. Johannesburg this week has had a | :01:50. | :01:52. | |
distinctly Chinese player. Just a few miles from where I am in | :01:53. | :01:57. | |
Chinatown, you'll find everything from traditional medicine to fortune | :01:58. | :02:02. | |
tellers, dozens of heads of state and thousands of other delegates | :02:03. | :02:06. | |
have been meeting to submit the relationship. There are loans and | :02:07. | :02:09. | |
other forms of assistance on the table. For Kenya, like many other | :02:10. | :02:15. | |
countries, the big Chinese loans have enabled them to forge ahead | :02:16. | :02:19. | |
with massive infrastructure projects, many delivered by the big | :02:20. | :02:23. | |
chienees state -- Chinese state corporations. But increasingly | :02:24. | :02:27. | |
entrepreneurs are finding a foot hold too. | :02:28. | :02:33. | |
Once a poppy plantation, now a construction site. This massive mall | :02:34. | :02:38. | |
is the latest in a string of flagship building projects with a | :02:39. | :02:42. | |
"made this China" label. The Chinese are responsible for a third of all | :02:43. | :02:46. | |
infrastructure projects across east Africa ah, chiefed through big | :02:47. | :02:50. | |
loans, which one day, these countries will have to repay. For | :02:51. | :02:56. | |
millions of Kenyans who still live in poverty, their hopes for future | :02:57. | :03:01. | |
prosperity are being pinned on Chinese fortunes. But they want fair | :03:02. | :03:05. | |
play and local jobs, not imported labour. We're not permitting theme | :03:06. | :03:11. | |
come, they -- forbidding them to come. But they should consider the | :03:12. | :03:16. | |
lobing Hales. People here are tall entded. They're helping the Kenyan | :03:17. | :03:28. | |
government to achieve its goals. But also the there is more. Since Kenya | :03:29. | :03:33. | |
flung open the doors to Chinese investors it's seen private firms | :03:34. | :03:37. | |
like this roll onto the screen. -- scene. This company manufactures | :03:38. | :03:43. | |
door frames for the construction industry. Much of the unskilled | :03:44. | :03:51. | |
labour is local, Kenyan staff with Chinese language skills are being | :03:52. | :03:57. | |
groomed for management roles. TRANSLATION: As long as their | :03:58. | :04:01. | |
knowledge and professional skills improve after our training, they | :04:02. | :04:04. | |
will naturally come into the management level. There is no | :04:05. | :04:07. | |
difference in skin colour in this job. Whoever is capable will do it. | :04:08. | :04:12. | |
Many live and socialise separately, but about a million Chinese workers | :04:13. | :04:20. | |
are now spread across Africa. Prepared to take a chance and invest | :04:21. | :04:24. | |
heavily here. A younger generation seems more willing to fit in. The | :04:25. | :04:30. | |
more you integrate yourself, the more you understand the local | :04:31. | :04:33. | |
business opportunity, the local market. It's, you can say necessary | :04:34. | :04:38. | |
for you to have a really good business here in Africa. On the | :04:39. | :04:41. | |
personal level, they also want to make friends. The huge Chinese | :04:42. | :04:46. | |
footprint here may be hard to ignore. But it's the long-term power | :04:47. | :04:50. | |
relationship that gives cause for concern. The Asian giant is gambling | :04:51. | :04:55. | |
on Kenya being able to steam ahead and pay back massive loans, but what | :04:56. | :05:01. | |
if the strategy back fires? Rich or poor, Kenyans have been touched by | :05:02. | :05:06. | |
the Chinese presence here. Many hope opportunity will override a sense of | :05:07. | :05:11. | |
obligation to their foreign friends, further down-the-line, allowing | :05:12. | :05:20. | |
Kenya to grow on its own terms. Countries like Kenya are pinning | :05:21. | :05:24. | |
their hopes on achieving a great leap forward in development by | :05:25. | :05:27. | |
following China's rapid model of economic growth. A staggering third | :05:28. | :05:32. | |
of all infrastructure projects in Africa bear the "made in China" | :05:33. | :05:36. | |
label. They either fund them, build them or both. There's a famous | :05:37. | :05:41. | |
Chinese saying, to get rich you must first build a road. Indeed Chinaracy | :05:42. | :05:47. | |
rapid development -- China's rapid development has been characterised | :05:48. | :05:49. | |
by billions of dollars spent on infrastructure. For Ethiopia they're | :05:50. | :05:53. | |
hoping it will be trains that help to boost the economy. We rod E.On | :05:54. | :06:04. | |
their new state-of-the-art railway. Welcoming in Addis Ababa's new | :06:05. | :06:08. | |
system, the first of its kind in Africa. Another example of | :06:09. | :06:13. | |
Chinese-funded projects in this fast growing economy. It took just three | :06:14. | :06:18. | |
years to complete the first phase of this project. The first passengers | :06:19. | :06:23. | |
got on board for the maiden trip around the city Wow. If you go | :06:24. | :06:27. | |
outside you can see the queue for transport problem. You can see in | :06:28. | :06:34. | |
the rush hour the problems. For us, it's one step forward. Next station | :06:35. | :06:45. | |
is... I feel good, because my country is growing. I'm the First | :06:46. | :06:48. | |
Lady to go on the train. I'm very happy. This service will be | :06:49. | :06:53. | |
operational 16 hours a day, including weekends. But for now, | :06:54. | :06:57. | |
only one line is operational, with an additional one due for opening | :06:58. | :07:02. | |
next movement when it becomes fully operational, about one million | :07:03. | :07:05. | |
people will be able to use this service on a daily basis. They will | :07:06. | :07:11. | |
pay fares between 20 and 40 cents per trip. To put that into | :07:12. | :07:17. | |
perspective, about four to five times cheaper than what necessity | :07:18. | :07:20. | |
would pay on a representing bus or minibus service. Authorities here | :07:21. | :07:25. | |
believe it will help with the congestion of the capital and | :07:26. | :07:29. | |
provide an efficient and modern transport system for the millions | :07:30. | :07:34. | |
who live here. If you want to go from one point to the other, it | :07:35. | :07:36. | |
could take you more than two-and-a-half hours. We'll do it in | :07:37. | :07:50. | |
15 minutes. It's reliability, to have an appointment, you can start | :07:51. | :07:52. | |
your journey knowing that you'll arrive on time. The corporation says | :07:53. | :07:59. | |
the construction doesn't end here. Already the second phase of | :08:00. | :08:02. | |
connecting the capital and cities is under way. They continue their quest | :08:03. | :08:13. | |
to become Africa's undisputed hub. The relationship between some | :08:14. | :08:17. | |
African countries and their Chinese partners have, at times, been rather | :08:18. | :08:19. | |
strained. For many employees taken they've had to adopt to a new | :08:20. | :08:29. | |
working culture and longer hours. At times, its been a bitter pill | :08:30. | :08:30. | |
swallow. The Chinese have adapted as well. We've spoke ton one couple in | :08:31. | :08:35. | |
Nairobi. They now earn enough to be able to improve the lives of | :08:36. | :08:41. | |
children back at home and they appreciate the cleaner air in Kenya. | :08:42. | :08:48. | |
This is their story. TRANSLATION: I have been in Kenya | :08:49. | :08:59. | |
for seven years. TRANSLATION: I'm his wife. I cook | :09:00. | :09:09. | |
for the factory's Chinese workers. TRANSLATION: So far I quite like my | :09:10. | :09:15. | |
job. But living here we worry about robberies and other bad things. | :09:16. | :09:17. | |
We're always concerned about our personal safety. The company doesn't | :09:18. | :09:27. | |
allow us to go outside after work. We play games or surf the internet | :09:28. | :09:36. | |
in the dormitory to pass the time. When I do go outside, it's usual | :09:37. | :09:40. | |
tloi buy food or groceries, that's it. We rarely go out just for fun. | :09:41. | :09:45. | |
Back in China, I can go for never do that here. | :09:46. | :09:58. | |
We have two children, a boy and a girl. The boy is ten and the girl is | :09:59. | :10:06. | |
12. Now they live with their grandparents. We only go home once a | :10:07. | :10:11. | |
year. So we rely on video calls to hear and see our children. I miss | :10:12. | :10:20. | |
them a lot. Frankly, I feel sorry for our children. We left them at | :10:21. | :10:28. | |
home. It isn't right to leave them like that. Other children have their | :10:29. | :10:35. | |
parents by their side. Ours don't. We can only encourage them to be | :10:36. | :10:41. | |
strong. Many Chinese people, who came to Africa, have left their | :10:42. | :10:46. | |
families behind. We are here because we want to make a better life for | :10:47. | :10:53. | |
our children. China has big plans for Africa that go beyond business. | :10:54. | :10:58. | |
Security and stability are an important part of this partnership | :10:59. | :11:03. | |
and increasingly the Asian giant's been dragged into the global War on | :11:04. | :11:07. | |
Terror. But it's the Chinese role as peacekeepers in trying to create a | :11:08. | :11:11. | |
more stable continent which has generated interest. There's more | :11:12. | :11:14. | |
than a thousand Chinese peacekeepers under the command of the UN in south | :11:15. | :11:20. | |
Sudan, and we're the first foreign broadcasters to have been given | :11:21. | :11:23. | |
access to them. A rare glimpse of military might, | :11:24. | :11:32. | |
the Chinese in Africa. Here as peacekeepers, not simply deal | :11:33. | :11:36. | |
makers, in the world's newest nation, south Sudan. 700 Chinese | :11:37. | :11:41. | |
troops, part of a multinational force under UN command. We travelled | :11:42. | :11:47. | |
with them to what's become a humanitarian frontline. Moving in | :11:48. | :11:51. | |
convoy through the outskirts of the capital. We're heading towards the | :11:52. | :11:56. | |
camps which still house more than a million homeless people, for whom | :11:57. | :12:02. | |
every day is a battle to survive. The face of continued attacks. They | :12:03. | :12:06. | |
see the Chinese as here to protect, not simply to trade. Always in | :12:07. | :12:09. | |
Africa they are coming here for business. They are not coming for | :12:10. | :12:14. | |
protection. Now they are coming to protect us. Even the children are | :12:15. | :12:18. | |
getting used to their new friends in the blue helmets. This is the first | :12:19. | :12:24. | |
Chinese infantry battalion to be deployed on external peace keeping | :12:25. | :12:27. | |
operations, so they're not allowed to talk to us on camera, but one | :12:28. | :12:32. | |
soldier told me privately that he was extremely proud to be here. | :12:33. | :12:37. | |
Another said she was fulfilling a lifetime dream. Bringing with them | :12:38. | :12:45. | |
medicine and expertise, the Chinese have big plans for peace keeping | :12:46. | :12:50. | |
across Africa. They contribute more troops than any other permanent | :12:51. | :12:52. | |
member of the UN Security Council, but for the time being, their focus | :12:53. | :12:57. | |
is on trying to win the trust of locals. Here? Here? The doctor tells | :12:58. | :13:03. | |
me he feels very happy he can help.. Very happy. South Sudan may be short | :13:04. | :13:10. | |
of water, but it's rich in oil. The Chinese have invested billions in | :13:11. | :13:13. | |
businesses here. This is about winning hearts and minds not | :13:14. | :13:19. | |
protecting key installations. But looking to the future, China has | :13:20. | :13:23. | |
strategic interests across the whole of Africa. Those interests go way | :13:24. | :13:32. | |
beyond saving lives. China may contribute more troops to | :13:33. | :13:36. | |
peace keeping than any other permanent member of the UN Security | :13:37. | :13:40. | |
Council. But power and influence are not always sought through the barrel | :13:41. | :13:45. | |
of a gun. As the biggest investor in Africa, China's using soft power to | :13:46. | :13:48. | |
deepen its foot hold on the continent. We've been in | :13:49. | :13:57. | |
Johannesburg to find out more. Preparing for a new world at the | :13:58. | :14:02. | |
school they start young. First graders learn Mandarin as a | :14:03. | :14:07. | |
compulsory part of the curriculum. Recognition of China's growing | :14:08. | :14:11. | |
stature. Initially the school was established to teach the children of | :14:12. | :14:15. | |
Chinese families. But I think now, the whole world situation has | :14:16. | :14:21. | |
changed. We now recognise the critical value in our children | :14:22. | :14:27. | |
learning Mandarin. It's not only the language, but Chinese values are | :14:28. | :14:34. | |
also in the teaching. Further away, outside Cape Town, lies a testament | :14:35. | :14:41. | |
that China has arrived. This electronics company set up shop here | :14:42. | :14:45. | |
two years ago. In this factory, they produce mainly television sets and | :14:46. | :14:51. | |
refrigerators. They produce on average three per minute. Some of | :14:52. | :14:55. | |
the parts are imported. But for the bridges, it's a production from the | :14:56. | :15:03. | |
ground up. The coming of this company here has been important | :15:04. | :15:06. | |
because for a long time manufacturing was in serious | :15:07. | :15:09. | |
decline. Many of these workers were without a job. Now they're back on | :15:10. | :15:14. | |
the factory floor and acquiring new skills. Over 90% of the workforce is | :15:15. | :15:19. | |
made up of locals. It's not charity. It's business. More Chinese | :15:20. | :15:23. | |
companies are moving away from their mother land because production costs | :15:24. | :15:31. | |
and wages are going up. These local factories has made us more stable, | :15:32. | :15:38. | |
more better as well. Our factory as established in the 90s, and the | :15:39. | :15:42. | |
unemployment rate was more than 55%. We are commitment to creating more | :15:43. | :15:49. | |
than 500 employment, job opportunities for the locals. | :15:50. | :15:56. | |
Currently we export to more than ten countries. South Africa included, | :15:57. | :16:07. | |
Zambia, Mozambique. Malawi. There have been calls for Chinese leaders | :16:08. | :16:11. | |
to use their economic clout to speak up against human rights abuses in | :16:12. | :16:14. | |
Africa. Generally silence has been the response. However last year | :16:15. | :16:19. | |
China increased its development aid budget by nearly $12 billion. That | :16:20. | :16:24. | |
may be a sign that China is ready to use soft power. The effects of that | :16:25. | :16:34. | |
are seen as African children play and sing in Mandarin. | :16:35. | :16:42. | |
What I noticed after more than a decade working across Africa is the | :16:43. | :16:45. | |
way the younger generation of Chinese are adapting. Unlike their | :16:46. | :16:52. | |
parents, many of whom came with big corporations and kept themselves to | :16:53. | :16:55. | |
themselves. Their own children are beginning to put down roots, learn | :16:56. | :17:00. | |
the language and blend in. We travel north-east to Zambia to meet one | :17:01. | :17:04. | |
family, whose daughter now considers herself as much an African as she is | :17:05. | :17:09. | |
Chinese. We moved to Africa about seven years | :17:10. | :17:15. | |
ago. It's basically because the company, because I think my parents | :17:16. | :17:18. | |
think there's more opportunity and stuff. So we decide to move from | :17:19. | :17:27. | |
China. Sometimes people they look at me, stare at me like "There's a | :17:28. | :17:33. | |
Chinese." Otherwise, I think they're used to seeing Chinese people | :17:34. | :17:38. | |
around. They're pretty OK with it. It's like pretty normal now. My | :17:39. | :17:45. | |
parents worry sometimes. They will think that maybe I will have friends | :17:46. | :17:49. | |
issues or something because I don't think the same way. Since my teenage | :17:50. | :17:57. | |
life started I was in Africa. So basically half African. I think our | :17:58. | :18:02. | |
generation has a different view. We were brought up here. We're more | :18:03. | :18:07. | |
into the country. It's like, yeah, like my parents grow up in China, so | :18:08. | :18:10. | |
they think different from us actually. | :18:11. | :18:19. | |
It's kind of like stretching your personality. When I hang out with | :18:20. | :18:27. | |
Zambian friends I'm more like African. When I go back I can be a | :18:28. | :18:35. | |
proper Chinese girl. TRANSLATION: We studied the Zambian | :18:36. | :18:40. | |
market before we came. Zambia is a developing country. People's living | :18:41. | :18:44. | |
standards are rising. As that goes up, people's consumption of eggs and | :18:45. | :18:48. | |
chicken goes up. We saw the business opportunity. That's why we came. | :18:49. | :18:56. | |
TRANSLATION: Of course, China is better. I miss China a lot. I'm here | :18:57. | :19:01. | |
just because he's here, the business is here and our daughter's here. I'd | :19:02. | :19:04. | |
like to go back to China one day. Yeah I would go back, but I think | :19:05. | :19:17. | |
more like visiting, with my parents, during holiday wise. | :19:18. | :19:24. | |
do that. The Chinese businessmen we've spoken | :19:25. | :19:28. | |
to say they want to raise the standard of living for all Africans. | :19:29. | :19:32. | |
By turning them into consumers and boosting economic growth through | :19:33. | :19:36. | |
inacrossed domestic demand. By March next year, Kenya will be the site of | :19:37. | :19:42. | |
a new megamall, 66,000 square metres of prime retail space, the biggest | :19:43. | :19:46. | |
of its kind on the continent outside South Africa. I've been to take a | :19:47. | :19:48. | |
look. It used to be a lush, green coffee | :19:49. | :19:54. | |
plantation. Now it's given way to upmarket coffee shops. At least | :19:55. | :19:59. | |
that's the plan when this megamall opens next year, the biggest in | :20:00. | :20:06. | |
Sub-Saharan Africa outside South Africa. We're going onto a | :20:07. | :20:14. | |
construction site, so the hard hat. Kenya's not seen anything like this | :20:15. | :20:20. | |
before. There'll be shops, gyms, restaurants, bars, luxury | :20:21. | :20:23. | |
accommodation and office suites, all on 100 acres of prime real estate. | :20:24. | :20:30. | |
There is some 2,000 people working on this site round the clock to get | :20:31. | :20:33. | |
things ready for the opening date of March next year. In the past, there | :20:34. | :20:37. | |
has been criticism that with big projects like these it's been mainly | :20:38. | :20:42. | |
Chinese labour that's been used. For every 20 of the Kenyan workers | :20:43. | :20:48. | |
there, there's one Chinese supervisor. There is now a | :20:49. | :20:51. | |
commitment to try and train more Kenyans into managerial roles, so | :20:52. | :20:55. | |
eventually they'll mirror the skills of the Chinese. Christopher's team | :20:56. | :21:01. | |
are putting the finishing touches to the flooring in what will eventually | :21:02. | :21:06. | |
be a restaurant. With thousands of people expected to flock here every | :21:07. | :21:10. | |
day and with Kenya's history of terrorist attacks, security is one | :21:11. | :21:15. | |
of the key considerations. $12 million has been invested in the | :21:16. | :21:18. | |
latest state-of-the-art technology to make sure this place is safe. In | :21:19. | :21:24. | |
many ways, this megamall is something of a metaphor for an | :21:25. | :21:28. | |
increasingly confident, globalised Kenya and it's an image that its | :21:29. | :21:33. | |
Chinese partners are keen to endorse. | :21:34. | :21:37. | |
Africa may be looking east to development dreams but China is not | :21:38. | :21:40. | |
alone in seeking opportunities here. India is hoping to play catch up, | :21:41. | :21:44. | |
competing with its Asian rival and drawing on its deep historic ties | :21:45. | :21:50. | |
here. Despite China's turnover being three times that of India's. The | :21:51. | :21:55. | |
subcontinent is working hard to make up for that time. We look at the | :21:56. | :22:01. | |
rivalry between China and India for Africa's business. | :22:02. | :22:07. | |
Yand's putting on a grand show to would Africa. A lavish spectacle | :22:08. | :22:12. | |
illustrating the historical and cultural ties, but with an eye to | :22:13. | :22:20. | |
the future and the hope of generating prosperity. It's a summit | :22:21. | :22:24. | |
that's unprecedented, with a record number of African leaders taking | :22:25. | :22:34. | |
part. From powerful ones such as South Africa's Jacob Zuma to | :22:35. | :22:42. | |
controversial ones like Robert Mugabe. He's now in his 90s. | :22:43. | :22:55. | |
Welcoming them, Indian Prime Minister Modhi said Indian and | :22:56. | :23:00. | |
Africa could develop commitment on climate change. We will develop | :23:01. | :23:09. | |
India, Africa partnership on clean energy, sustainable habitats, public | :23:10. | :23:16. | |
transport and climate resilient agriculture. India's looking for new | :23:17. | :23:21. | |
business opportunities. And a number of African countries have asked for | :23:22. | :23:25. | |
more investment and even help in combatting terrorism. It's a two-way | :23:26. | :23:30. | |
thing. One, Africa is changing. The demographics is changing. It's | :23:31. | :23:34. | |
urbanising. 40% of the population is urbanised. It's got tremendous | :23:35. | :23:38. | |
arable land available here for exploitation. It's been 32 years | :23:39. | :23:44. | |
since India organised a summit of this scale. While everyone is | :23:45. | :23:48. | |
pleased at the turnout, there is a sense here that India has been late | :23:49. | :23:53. | |
in reaching out to Africa, like China, India's interested in | :23:54. | :23:57. | |
Africa's rich reserve of natural resources. While India's annual | :23:58. | :24:03. | |
trade turnover is worth $72 billion. China does business worth $200 | :24:04. | :24:08. | |
billion. A number of Africans travel to India for medical treatment and | :24:09. | :24:12. | |
to study. Both at a fraction of what they would have to pay in the West. | :24:13. | :24:17. | |
Now India wants to extend this limited engagement. The question is | :24:18. | :24:20. | |
whether its renewed focus in Africa will bear fruit. | :24:21. | :24:28. | |
That's all from this special edition of Reporters. From here in | :24:29. | :24:31. | |
Johannesburg, goodbye for now. | :24:32. | :24:36. |