Browse content similar to 10/01/2012. Check below for episodes and series from the same categories and more!
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This is BBC World News Today with me Zeinab Badawi. Syria's President | :00:09. | :00:14. | |
Bashar al-Assad makes a rare and defiant speech. He criticises the | :00:14. | :00:17. | |
Arab League and blames external forces for a violent conspiracy in | :00:17. | :00:27. | |
his country. We will not allow a bunch of people who sold their soul | :00:27. | :00:30. | |
to the devil to destroy what the Syrian people have built throughout | :00:30. | :00:33. | |
history. The race to win the Republican | :00:33. | :00:37. | |
presidential nomination moves to New Hampshire. Can Mitt Romney pick | :00:37. | :00:41. | |
up enough momentum here to finish off his rivals? | :00:42. | :00:44. | |
A last minute rush for South African University places turns | :00:44. | :00:50. | |
into a stampede with deadly consequences. Everybody was pushing. | :00:50. | :00:56. | |
There was a lot of screaming. It was terrible, it was terrible. | :00:56. | :01:02. | |
Also coming up in the programme, swapping sport for politics. | :01:02. | :01:05. | |
Manchester United idol Eric Cantona says he's going to try to run for | :01:05. | :01:09. | |
president in his native France. And smart television bringing TV | :01:09. | :01:19. | |
:01:19. | :01:27. | ||
Hello and welcome. The Syrian government went on the offensive | :01:27. | :01:30. | |
today both against its internal opponents and foreign opponents and | :01:30. | :01:37. | |
critics. In a two-hour defiant speech, President Bashar Al Assad | :01:37. | :01:41. | |
blamed a foreign conspiracy for the wave of violence in his country and | :01:41. | :01:43. | |
pledged to regain security by hitting terrorists with an iron | :01:43. | :01:48. | |
fist. His regime's been criticised for its violent suppression of | :01:48. | :01:51. | |
anti-government protests. The United Nations believes more than | :01:51. | :01:55. | |
5,000 civilians have been killed since March last year. Paul Wood | :01:55. | :02:05. | |
:02:05. | :02:10. | ||
Business-as-usual for Syria. President Assad's speech promised | :02:10. | :02:16. | |
more of the same, an iron fist, he called it. So, today, this latest | :02:16. | :02:21. | |
video apparently shows a suburb of the capital, Damascus, with tanks | :02:21. | :02:29. | |
on the streets. It's only the 4th speech by Syria's leader in at 10 | :02:30. | :02:35. | |
months of this crisis. He said the country was facing terrorism and he | :02:35. | :02:43. | |
blamed a conspiracy on foreign powers. The dark ages of warmongers | :02:43. | :02:50. | |
outside are now clear. He went on to attack the foreign media. They | :02:50. | :02:57. | |
want to shake Syria's stability, he says, them or stoking fear to cause | :02:57. | :03:01. | |
us to collapse. At the start of this crisis, President Assad was | :03:01. | :03:06. | |
seen as above the fray, but street protesters they pinned their hopes | :03:06. | :03:09. | |
of an to bring in reforms but now they just want him to go, and the | :03:09. | :03:17. | |
opposition accuses him of pushing the country close to civil war. | :03:18. | :03:25. | |
regime has learned nothing from the past 10 months. It is more extreme | :03:25. | :03:34. | |
now than ever. Arab League monitors have failed to calm things down. | :03:34. | :03:38. | |
President Assad attacked them. The opposition want foreign military | :03:38. | :03:44. | |
intervention. But help is not on the way. Syria is at the heart of | :03:44. | :03:48. | |
the Middle East, and what happens in that Syria is unlikely to remain | :03:48. | :03:54. | |
in Syria. There are net any number of scenarios where there are | :03:54. | :03:59. | |
significant spillover effects towards Israel, Turkey and the Gulf. | :03:59. | :04:04. | |
So, on the ground, both sides seem to be expecting an escalation in | :04:04. | :04:13. | |
the violence. The Arab League has condemned an incident in which two | :04:13. | :04:17. | |
members of its observer mission in this area were injured in an attack | :04:18. | :04:22. | |
by demonstrators. The head of the Arab League said the Syrian | :04:22. | :04:27. | |
government was responsible for protecting members of its mission. | :04:27. | :04:29. | |
I'm joined from Washington by Theodore Kattouf, former US | :04:29. | :04:33. | |
ambassador to Syria and the United Arab Emirates. He is currently the | :04:33. | :04:43. | |
:04:43. | :04:44. | ||
President of American Friends of the Middle East. This attack on the | :04:44. | :04:49. | |
Arab League, what lay behind this? It took place in Latakia, a city | :04:49. | :04:55. | |
which is fairly supportive of President Assad. Do you think it | :04:55. | :05:01. | |
was genuine or orchestrated? can never be certain but it's very | :05:01. | :05:05. | |
clear from statements emanating from leaders of the Gulf co- | :05:05. | :05:10. | |
operation Council, and the head of the Arab League, that they hold | :05:10. | :05:15. | |
Syria responsible for these attacks and, indeed, in his speech today, | :05:15. | :05:23. | |
President Assad was dismissive of, and insulting towards, the six | :05:23. | :05:28. | |
states of the council, Saudi Arabia, the Emirates, set off. One member | :05:29. | :05:34. | |
at least, the Gulf council, Coltart, has broken in relation to the Arab | :05:34. | :05:39. | |
League, and said the observer mission is not able to do this on | :05:39. | :05:44. | |
its own and it would be better if it got help from the UN. Is that | :05:44. | :05:50. | |
something you agree with? It's a view I agree with. I think they | :05:50. | :05:56. | |
have been at the forefront of those Arab League states, saying that | :05:56. | :06:02. | |
Syria needs to be taken to task at the UN Security Council. And I | :06:02. | :06:07. | |
think it's quite true that the 150 monitors who are they right now, | :06:07. | :06:14. | |
are not capable of a restraining Syrian intelligence and a special | :06:14. | :06:23. | |
military units from assaulting their own people. And, in terms of | :06:23. | :06:28. | |
what the USA can do, that it isn't doing, what would you like to see | :06:28. | :06:35. | |
Washington doing? I mean, it's not what I think, but I think here in | :06:35. | :06:39. | |
the USA, we had just pulled our troops, and you have pulled your | :06:39. | :06:45. | |
troops out of Iraq. We want to put our troops out of Afghanistan in a | :06:45. | :06:49. | |
couple of years. Tensions are very, very high with Iran, and quite | :06:49. | :06:57. | |
honestly, I don't see many people eager to see the administration | :06:57. | :07:03. | |
directly intervening in a serious. But, if there was going to be an | :07:03. | :07:08. | |
intervention, it would be to follow some what of the Libyan example | :07:08. | :07:13. | |
where the Arab League condemns them, goes to the secluded Council, and | :07:13. | :07:17. | |
then that Russia and China would have to go on, and right now, | :07:17. | :07:21. | |
Russia particularly is not don't go along with any tough action. I | :07:21. | :07:28. | |
think we are stay need for the on the Bashar al-Assad's rare speech. | :07:28. | :07:34. | |
What do you make of that? Is he in control? Is your mouthpiece for the | :07:34. | :07:40. | |
regime? Frankly, whichever the case, it's probably a distinction without | :07:40. | :07:46. | |
a difference. The regime is far more than one man. His family, his | :07:46. | :07:51. | |
inner circle, the circle of his protectors, and they are not going | :07:51. | :07:56. | |
to give up power peacefully. They are not going to, even though he | :07:56. | :08:01. | |
talked of reforms, he would have done it by now, he wants to give | :08:01. | :08:10. | |
whatever he can he feels necessary to the opposition, but not until | :08:10. | :08:14. | |
they are totally off the streets, and repressed and humbled. | :08:14. | :08:17. | |
Ambassador, thank you very much for talking to us live or from | :08:17. | :08:21. | |
Washington. The candidates hoping to take on President Obama in | :08:21. | :08:23. | |
November's presidential election are fighting it out in New | :08:23. | :08:26. | |
Hampshire today in the second stage of the battle for the Republican | :08:26. | :08:29. | |
nomination. The former Massachusetts governor, Mitt Romney, | :08:29. | :08:36. | |
is tipped to win. He won in Iowa last week by just eight votes. Mitt | :08:36. | :08:39. | |
Romney is hoping the momentum he gains here will help secure him the | :08:40. | :08:44. | |
nomination. Over to Manchester, New Hampshire, and my colleague Katty | :08:44. | :08:53. | |
Kay. It's quite a feat, if he pulls this off? It absolutely is. What he | :08:53. | :09:01. | |
would like to do is win and win big. So he can have secured a party's | :09:01. | :09:05. | |
nomination, coast through the primaries and start a directing his | :09:05. | :09:09. | |
attention to Barack Obama and the general presidential election which | :09:09. | :09:13. | |
takes place in November. There's a few more hours until the polls | :09:13. | :09:17. | |
close in New Hampshire and during that time, the candidates are using | :09:17. | :09:23. | |
every last minute to persuade every voter they can. Paul Adams has the | :09:23. | :09:30. | |
news. Mitt Romney in confident mood in Manchester. He is the man to | :09:30. | :09:33. | |
beat, and moderate Republicans surrounded by more conservative | :09:33. | :09:39. | |
opponents. I hope the people turn out, the entire nation is watching. | :09:39. | :09:43. | |
The Republican voters will certainly to some up. The only | :09:43. | :09:47. | |
questions, how big will he win and how many of his rivals will fight | :09:47. | :09:51. | |
another day? The candidates have swarmed all over diners up and down | :09:51. | :09:56. | |
the state, but what have they left behind and do people believe any of | :09:56. | :10:00. | |
them can deliver change? None of these Republicans, I don't feel it. | :10:00. | :10:08. | |
I don't know. I'm up in the air. Winter has yet to come hard in New | :10:08. | :10:13. | |
England. But the ice fishermen are looking for a catch. Hoping to land | :10:13. | :10:19. | |
more than just tiddlers. Jason has not decided to devote four yet, but | :10:19. | :10:26. | |
thinks Mitt Romney will win. -- who to vote for yet. I think he will | :10:26. | :10:32. | |
win. A lot of people are looking for him. I need votes for that and | :10:32. | :10:38. | |
the underdog candidate. Huntsmann is enjoying a late surge. | :10:38. | :10:41. | |
He won't win but the bomber jacket and the baby's suggest he has not | :10:42. | :10:47. | |
given up for the after a lacklustre campaigner, there's plenty of | :10:47. | :10:53. | |
excitement around today. This is the media surrounding Newt Gingrich, | :10:53. | :10:59. | |
who was not even expected to finish in their top three. The President | :10:59. | :11:03. | |
has his supporters here, too. They don't want the Republicans making | :11:03. | :11:08. | |
all the noise. Primary season has months to run but Mitt Romney hopes | :11:08. | :11:15. | |
to have it wrapped up rather quicker than that. Republicans are | :11:15. | :11:20. | |
hoping for a big turnout in these primary elections here in New | :11:20. | :11:24. | |
Hampshire. Let's get a sense of the significance of this. I'm joined | :11:24. | :11:31. | |
here by Tim Stanley. Thanks so much for joining us. This is our first | :11:31. | :11:35. | |
presidential election you have been covering. What are you making of | :11:35. | :11:40. | |
the process? You really have to come here to see it and understand | :11:40. | :11:44. | |
what it's like to be surrounded by these politicians and media people, | :11:44. | :11:49. | |
how crazy it is and how it becomes a microcosm of a national campaign. | :11:49. | :11:54. | |
What I have been feeling is this is two elections at once. A referendum | :11:54. | :11:58. | |
on Mitt Romney, as a candidate, which I think you will win today | :11:58. | :12:02. | |
quite handsomely. Secondly, who will emerge as his conservative | :12:02. | :12:08. | |
rival, and that is split between several candidates. I have no | :12:08. | :12:14. | |
feeling who is preferred more, but I can see some momentum behind Jon | :12:14. | :12:19. | |
Huntsmann and Ron Paul. Hampshire has a history of | :12:19. | :12:23. | |
upsetting presidential races. If Mitt Romney doesn't do as well as | :12:24. | :12:30. | |
expected here, today, what does that mean for his campaign? | :12:30. | :12:34. | |
really has to get over their dibber cent of the boat, preferably over | :12:34. | :12:42. | |
the D5. -- 35% of the vote, preferably over 35. If he doesn't | :12:42. | :12:46. | |
get over that, I think other candidates, particularly Jon | :12:46. | :12:50. | |
Huntsmann, are well placed to say Mitt Romney moved her, spent so | :12:50. | :12:55. | |
much money, off went on TV, met nearly every single person and | :12:55. | :13:00. | |
couldn't get more than 35%. It suggests the Republicans don't | :13:00. | :13:05. | |
think he's as popular as national polls suggest he is, which is why | :13:05. | :13:10. | |
it's important for him to do well. You said there is a race for the | :13:10. | :13:14. | |
front-runner, Mitt Romney, and the rest of the Conservative pack. Also | :13:15. | :13:20. | |
who will be the best candidate to take on Barack Obama in November? | :13:20. | :13:24. | |
Has Mitt Romney persuaded voters in New Hampshire, do you think, he is | :13:24. | :13:29. | |
best suited to win the White House for the Republicans? Unfortunate, | :13:29. | :13:34. | |
for him, the day before there was a scandal in which he said during a | :13:34. | :13:39. | |
speech that he likes being able to fire people. His words were taken | :13:39. | :13:43. | |
out of context but already the Democratic National Committee is | :13:43. | :13:48. | |
spinning them against him all over the breakfast shows for the even if | :13:49. | :13:53. | |
Mitt Romney does not win today, I suspect this primary has set him up | :13:53. | :13:58. | |
for a fall in November and he could be hurt by his victory here today. | :13:58. | :14:03. | |
Nationally, he's only three points ahead of Mitt Romney. -- Barack | :14:03. | :14:11. | |
Obama. Ron Paul is only one point behind Barack Obama for the what | :14:11. | :14:20. | |
does that say? Thank you very much. Of course, we will know does result | :14:20. | :14:22. | |
later tonight and will bring you the result and looking ahead to | :14:22. | :14:26. | |
what they mean for the national elections, the critical election, | :14:26. | :14:31. | |
in November, when whoever is a Republican, Hasted Robert is Barack | :14:31. | :14:37. | |
Obama. Thank you very much. In South | :14:37. | :14:42. | |
Africa, one person was crushed to death and nearly 20 people were | :14:42. | :14:45. | |
injured as thousands of students tried to get through the gates of | :14:45. | :14:50. | |
the universe to Johannesburg to apply a fall last minute places. | :14:50. | :14:52. | |
There's a shortage of educational opportunities in the country, and | :14:52. | :14:55. | |
many families had camped outside all night, hoping to be successful. | :14:55. | :14:58. | |
In a moment we'll be speaking to the deputy Vice-Chancellor of the | :14:58. | :15:08. | |
:15:08. | :15:13. | ||
University. But first this report Survivors still looking for lost | :15:13. | :15:16. | |
belongings. Thousands of applicants stood outside the camp for days, | :15:17. | :15:22. | |
but there were only 800 slot in the university. They desperation caused | :15:22. | :15:32. | |
:15:32. | :15:33. | ||
a frenzy. Everybody was trying to get space. Everyone wants to get in. | :15:33. | :15:39. | |
I was trying to protect my son. It was not easy. There was a lot of | :15:39. | :15:46. | |
screaming, everybody was pushing. It was terrible. This is where the | :15:46. | :15:51. | |
stampede took place today. The parent who died was that the front | :15:51. | :15:56. | |
of the queue. She was head, trying to find a place for her child, when | :15:56. | :16:02. | |
the crowd from behind to poached the people in front. -- she was | :16:02. | :16:12. | |
:16:12. | :16:15. | ||
here. -- behind pushed the people in front. University management | :16:15. | :16:21. | |
expressed sympathy with -- sympathy for the loss of life, but said the | :16:21. | :16:31. | |
:16:31. | :16:33. | ||
crowd was uncontrollable. Given what has happened, the university | :16:34. | :16:40. | |
Vice-Chancellor has assured us that there will be an inquiry. | :16:40. | :16:48. | |
unemployment rate amongst the youth is as high as 15%. There is a more | :16:48. | :16:54. | |
hunger for Una -- education, but they are not enough places. | :16:54. | :16:56. | |
We're joined by Professor Adam Habib, the Deputy vice-Chancellor | :16:56. | :17:06. | |
:17:06. | :17:10. | ||
of the University of Johannesburg, who happens to be visiting Oxford. | :17:10. | :17:17. | |
Are you going to be changing your procedures? I cannot take you. | :17:17. | :17:24. | |
sad about this news. Are you going to be changing your procedures? | :17:24. | :17:32. | |
we are not. We will have an inquiry. We will tighten up procedures to | :17:32. | :17:38. | |
manage accounts better. We have tried to do that. But we have got a | :17:38. | :17:45. | |
reason why we keep these entrants open. The poorest of the port do | :17:45. | :17:51. | |
not apply early on. They do not have the educational opportunities. | :17:51. | :17:57. | |
-- poorest of the poor. The schooling system does not prepare | :17:57. | :18:04. | |
them, so we give 11,000 places in advance, and keep about 1,000 | :18:04. | :18:14. | |
:18:14. | :18:16. | ||
places available for last-minute entrance. That creates hope. | :18:16. | :18:22. | |
Looking at the wider picture in South Africa, does everybody have a | :18:22. | :18:27. | |
right to further education? principle, everyone has a right. | :18:27. | :18:34. | |
But are they enough places? We have 23 universities in the country. | :18:34. | :18:42. | |
Most of us have places. We take about 24% of those who do the final | :18:42. | :18:50. | |
examinations, and qualify. There is not enough places available end be | :18:50. | :18:57. | |
higher education system. -- in the higher education. Everybody wants | :18:57. | :19:02. | |
to come to the universities. They see that as the only way of getting | :19:02. | :19:08. | |
out of poverty. Thank you very much indeed. | :19:08. | :19:11. | |
He's been a footballer, a film star, and some people have even described | :19:11. | :19:14. | |
him as a "philosopher". Now the former Manchester United idol, Eric | :19:14. | :19:19. | |
Cantona, has announced his political ambitions. He's trying to | :19:19. | :19:22. | |
secure the support that will allow him to stand against France's | :19:22. | :19:32. | |
:19:32. | :19:38. | ||
President Sarkozy later in the year. The Gallic shrug, the talent, those | :19:38. | :19:45. | |
mesmerising feet. They were low points, of course - the Kung Fu | :19:45. | :19:55. | |
kicking of the Crystal Palace fan, followed by the philosophy. When | :19:55. | :20:03. | |
the sea gulls follow the sea, they think it is because some think will | :20:03. | :20:09. | |
be swung into the sea. The move to acting was obvious, and popular. | :20:09. | :20:17. | |
The Ken Loach film, Looking For Eric, was a huge success. Just the | :20:18. | :20:22. | |
kind of profile you would need to become the President of France. He | :20:22. | :20:31. | |
needs the backing of 500 elected officials. But, the letter he sent | :20:31. | :20:37. | |
is more an attempt to raise the issue of the poor quality of social | :20:37. | :20:47. | |
housing. In this advert, Ed in 2010, Eric Cantona takes the prospective | :20:47. | :20:52. | |
tenant of a run-down council flat. The kitchen needs a bit of work, he | :20:52. | :20:59. | |
says. So, he asks. You going to take it? Eric Cantona seems an | :20:59. | :21:05. | |
unlikely champion of the poor, but as a footballer, he knows about the | :21:05. | :21:09. | |
gulf between the highly paid players and the public. Eric | :21:09. | :21:14. | |
Cantona is a brilliant and unpredictable. It is what made him | :21:14. | :21:17. | |
a star in the first place. Now, many of you are watching me on | :21:17. | :21:20. | |
a conventional television, but some of you will be watching on a | :21:20. | :21:23. | |
computer via the internet. Well, whatever method you're using, one | :21:23. | :21:26. | |
thing appears more certain - there is a move towards further | :21:26. | :21:31. | |
integration of the two mediums. That integration is what IPTV is | :21:31. | :21:34. | |
all about. Our technology correspondent has been speaking to | :21:34. | :21:37. | |
some of the industry's leading players at the Consumer Electronics | :21:37. | :21:47. | |
:21:47. | :21:50. | ||
Show in Las Vegas. San Francisco, the gateway to | :21:50. | :21:58. | |
Silicon Valley. I have come to see how the software firms plan to | :21:58. | :22:03. | |
transform another industry. The internet revolution has been slow | :22:03. | :22:07. | |
to hit television. Silicon Valley believes it can change our | :22:07. | :22:14. | |
relationship with TB. One small software company has a big idea. | :22:14. | :22:20. | |
This is the problem - today's TV user has too much choice. Lots of | :22:21. | :22:29. | |
material, lots of the set-top boxes, and all these remote controls. What | :22:29. | :22:33. | |
if we took all of them away, and replaced them with one second | :22:33. | :22:39. | |
screen, enabling us to control access to all this television? | :22:39. | :22:44. | |
Dijit believes this second screen can make choosing what we watch and | :22:44. | :22:49. | |
sharing it with friends a lot easier. But it was when I headed to | :22:49. | :22:54. | |
Google's HQ that I found a phone with the biggest ambitions. Google | :22:54. | :23:00. | |
to -- Google TV brings the Web to your living room. So far, it has | :23:00. | :23:07. | |
struggled to attract an audience. People say that TV is a lean back | :23:07. | :23:13. | |
experience. Their internet is a lean forward experience. What do | :23:13. | :23:19. | |
you know about television? What we know is what Google is good that - | :23:19. | :23:28. | |
helping users find what they want. I left Silicon Valley and the | :23:28. | :23:32. | |
software firms and set off to Las Vegas to get another view on the | :23:32. | :23:38. | |
future of television. This week, every big TV manufacturer is in | :23:38. | :23:43. | |
town for the Consumer Electronics Show. And the battle is on between | :23:43. | :23:49. | |
Samsung and Sony to be the big players in Smart TV. They believe | :23:49. | :23:59. | |
:23:59. | :24:00. | ||
Connecting your set to the Net will naturally. When you go out and buy | :24:00. | :24:06. | |
a TV, and bring it home, you should be connected to the internet. | :24:06. | :24:11. | |
screens get bigger and slimmer, the pictures sharper. Now, television | :24:11. | :24:21. | |
:24:21. | :24:23. | ||
is getting smarter. And they hope viewers will come | :24:23. | :24:26. | |
Let's talk some more about this. We're joined by Zara Rabinovich, | :24:26. | :24:36. | |
:24:36. | :24:38. | ||
from the website Chip Chick. Do you think they have cracked it this | :24:38. | :24:48. | |
:24:48. | :24:50. | ||
time? Or I think they have a. -- I think they have. We heard there, | :24:50. | :24:54. | |
our reporter talking about the main players. Who do you think will be | :24:54. | :25:01. | |
right in it there? At the moment, the battle seems to be Samsung and | :25:01. | :25:08. | |
L G. A lot of people are familiar with a voice controls. Both of | :25:08. | :25:18. | |
:25:18. | :25:19. | ||
these players have got integrated cameras - you have facial | :25:19. | :25:29. | |
:25:29. | :25:30. | ||
integration, for example. You can say hi to change the channel. The | :25:30. | :25:40. | |
:25:40. | :25:41. | ||
Samsung is building a big store. To bes are coming in with built-in | :25:41. | :25:46. | |
hard drives and flashed drives. Samsung are also allowing you to | :25:46. | :25:55. | |
upgrade your TV. You can put a new chip into the TV. So going that way, | :25:55. | :26:01. | |
are you thinking over a time frame? Months, years? If you have the | :26:01. | :26:08. | |
money, you can't get on to it straight away. But it will still be | :26:08. | :26:15. | |
outside most people's price range. I hope we will see a job in prices. | :26:15. | :26:19. | |
Within three years, I'd imagine a connected to the end everybody's | :26:19. | :26:29. | |
:26:29. | :26:35. | ||
house. And it can also work with your mobile phone. It is getting to | :26:35. | :26:45. | |
:26:45. | :27:02. | ||
be a really multi- connected world. It was another mild day. We have | :27:02. | :27:07. | |
had a lot of cloud, and we will stickler that overnight. Tomorrow, | :27:07. | :27:14. | |
we still have that weather front. That will bring outbreaks of rain. | :27:14. | :27:21. | |
It since southwards, and it could be a chilly start fall north- | :27:21. | :27:27. | |
eastern Scotland. Damp, it shares the lead conditions initially. With | :27:27. | :27:36. | |
the westerly wind continuing, these conditions will persist. -- damp, | :27:36. | :27:42. | |
drizzly conditions. Sunny spells through central and southern areas | :27:42. | :27:51. | |
of England - 12 degrees away top temperature. Those conditions | :27:51. | :27:59. | |
reluctant to improve. -- our top temperature. But to the east, the | :27:59. | :28:04. | |
chance of bright and as. For the Northern Ireland, glimmers of | :28:04. | :28:13. |