16/01/2014 World News Today


16/01/2014

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This is BBC World News Today. The trial of four suspects in the

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assassination of the Lebanese Prime Minister Rafik Hariri in 2005

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begins. He was killed in a bombing explosion in Beirut. The defendants

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linked to Hezbollah are being tried in absentia.

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We never seek vengeance. Hopefully by the end of this trial we will

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find out the truth and we will get the justice for Lebanon.

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One of the most senior officials at the Vatican is questioned strongly

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by a special UN panel on its failure to protect children from abuse by

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East 's. Also coming up, three films top the

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nominations for the Oscars and we look at their chances of winning

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those prized trophies. And depression and how to survive

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it. That advice was offered by the late comedian Spike Milligan. Now it

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seems he wasn't alone as new research links comic genius to

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mental illness. Hello and welcome. It has taken

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nearly a decade is to get to this stage. Mine lay a special UN

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tribunal in the Hague has begun the trial in absentia of four defendants

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linked to Hezbollah or the assassination of Lebanese Prime

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Minister Rafiq Hariri nine years ago. He did love with 21 others when

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his convoy was blown in Beirut. Each of the four suspects have been

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identified but not apprehended. We ask what chances there are of them

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ever being brought to justice. A long-awaited trial has begun but

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none of the accused are in sight. The special tribunal is the first

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international court since the Nuremberg trials to try suspects in

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absentia. For individuals associated with the Lebanese party Hezbollah.

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The prosecution says it is confident they are responsible for the killing

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of the former Prime Minister of Lebanon, Rafiq Hariri, and 21 other

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people. The attackers used an extraordinary

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quantity of explosives, far more than was needed to kill their

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target. Clearly the intention was to spread a message and panic among the

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people. Among those present in court was the son of the former Prime

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Minister. He told journalists that he came to

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seek justice, not revenge. We never seek vengeance and

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hopefully by the end of this trial we will find out the truth and we

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will get the justice that we called for an Lebanon.

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This is only the start of what is expected to be a long trial. The

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onus is on the prosecution to prove the guilt of the suspects in the

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first international tribunal ever to try individuals on charges of

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terrorism. The defence team seems ready to hit back.

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TRANSLATION: The first unexpected thing will be the words of the

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defence lawyers on Monday because you can imagine they have lots to

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answer for. Since the killing of Rafiq Hariri

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many others have been killed in Lebanon. Many hope this tribunal

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will put an end to the trouble. But others fear it has become and others

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-- another source of political turmoil.

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Let us discuss this more. Faysal Itani is a fellow with the Atlantic

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Council's Rafik Hariri Center for the Middle East. If these four men

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have been identified and people know who they are, we not been

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apprehended? Simply put, the Lebanese

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institutions are too politically weak to have the will to go after

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them. Going after them would most likely require a violent

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confrontation and they have no appetite for that or possibly even

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the capabilities. Could the forces could actually go

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into the Hezbollah-run areas and arrest these men?

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Probably not given the balance of power between the security forces

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and Hezbollah. They're in mind also that the security forces are

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multi-sectarian, made up of some Hezbollah members.

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It sounds like you don't really think that these suspects will ever

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be brought to justice. I think whether or not they are

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brought to justice depends very much on Hezbollah's security situation

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within Lebanon and the situation of its allies abroad, the Syrian regime

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and Iran. I don't see a scenario where they will be brought to

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justice by force. Is there an element of perhaps if

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they ever were arrested, it would cause such instability between

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Hezbollah and the central authorities that these interests

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have two trump the ideas of justice?

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I wouldn't quite put it that way because you have to remember that

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Hezbollah is a significant influence on the political goings-on in

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Lebanon. Opposition to Hezbollah would have to come from a political

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rival in Lebanon itself. I think it is the impossibility of the task

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rather than the resulting literal instability.

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So when Rafiq Hariri's Sun says that they will find out the truth, that

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is wishful thinking on his part? Not necessarily. If the accusations

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are accurate and there are bindings of guilt.

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How important is all this to the wider population in Lebanon?

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I think it is quite important. A significant proportion of the

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Lebanese have rejected its legitimacy outright, mostly

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supporters Hezbollah. A political assassination which happens often

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and never gets this level of trial is receiving an unprecedented level

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of trial so it is an improvement. We have heard John Kerry calling on

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the Syrian opposition to vote in favour of attending the Geneva peace

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conference. We know there is a great deal of opposition. Sorry to put you

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on the spot but just give us your reaction to that.

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Given how much emphasis on US policy has placed on the talks, I can

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understand why they would take that position. But from the perspective

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of the opposition, they have two problems. Firstly, they don't have

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significant support in Syria itself and are not seen as having the power

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to negotiate on the behalf of Syrians. Secondly, rebel forces who

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do have influence have a great rejected these talks. They are in an

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impossible position. If they do refuse to go, on the other hand they

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will lose whatever US support which they have had so far, which isn't

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much. Thank you for that.

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A suicide bomber in northern Lebanon has killed self and three other

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people in Hermel near the Bekaa Valley. More than 20 people were

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injured. It is the latest attack in Hezbollah -dominated areas.

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After years of allegations of child sexual abuse in the Catholic Church,

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the Vatican has been given strong public questioning. Senior officials

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are facing robust questions by a special UN committee in Geneva to

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try to find out why the charge won't release its full data on the abuse.

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Victims and their families accused the Church of a culture of secrecy.

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For years, victims of clerical sexual abuse struggle to be heard.

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No campaigners are pleased that at last the Vatican is being

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investigated by a UN committee. At the hearing in Geneva, the

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Vatican's seemed contrite. There is no use for violence or

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exploitation of children. Such crimes cannot be justified, whether

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permitted in the home, schools, sports programmes, religious

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institutions. In a brutal session, it was said

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they were only responsible for abuse inside Vatican City, a much

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criticised assertion. The Catholic Church has 1 billion

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followers and his influence over a lot more children's lives than just

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these few that the mentioned. This man has had to fight hard for

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justice. He was abused as a teenager I and Italian priest, he claims.

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I think it is time to stop the secrecy.

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There has been mounting evidence of abuse in different countries. In

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2009, the report found that sexual and psychological abuse was endemic

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in Ireland. In 2010, the Bishop of Bruges resigned after a sex scandal.

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In Germany there were 280 counts of sexual abuse.

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Laws have been strengthened and Vatican -- victims offered help.

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Let us bring you some of the other news.

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Early indications about Egypt's new constitution are that it will get

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overwhelming backing. The Muslim Brotherhood boycotted it in protest

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at the overthrow of Mohamed Morsi. Tonight was reported at just more

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than 50%. The actress linked with President

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Francois Hollande has taken legal action against Closer magazine over

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the allegations. It is alleged that Francois Hollande spent the night at

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her flat. The Formula 1 boss Bernie Ecclestone is to go on trial charged

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with bribery. It is to do with payments made to

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German banker Gerhard Gribowsky. Bernie Ecclestone is stepping down

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from the Formula 1 board of directors.

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Let us update you on an exclusive story we brought you this time

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yesterday. Organised paedophiles in Western countries are paying for

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children to be abused in the Philippines and then watching that

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abuse live via webcam. Some of those were based in the UK and five people

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have already been jailed for the activity.

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This is Operation Endeavour in action. Philippine police raid a

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house and rescue 12 children. The youngest was just six years old. He

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had been sexually abused by their own parents in front of the webcam,

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directed from thousands of miles away in Britain. The raid was

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launched after the arrest of this man, Timothy Ford. He offered other

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paedophiles the chance to watch the abuse, men like Thomas Owen. Records

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released today show that he was offering live shows and described

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some children as really cute. Police arrested 29 people in 12 countries

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and have identified many more suspects.

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There are over 700 suspects around the world, over 100 of which are in

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the UK. That's shocking, isn't it?

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Very shocking. It will need to realise. Let's call this what this

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is. This is not an Internet crime, this is a crime facilitated by the

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Internet, this is child sexual abuse.

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This is a new crime could by rising demand in the West and is a growing

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problem, especially in the Philippines.

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In some of the poorest areas, whole communities have been taken over by

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this trade. Amylase are forced to perform sex acts in front of

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children -- on children in front of cameras for paying Westerners.

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This girl was 15 when she was forced by her own hand to work on what she

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calls a cybersex then. The operation has been a success but charities say

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that the police must do much more to protect the tens of thousands of

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children who remain at risk. A special report there.

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It is movie awards season. Today we found out who is in the running for

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the Oscars. Gravity, American muscle, and 12 Years A Slave lead

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the pack. -- American Hustle. You will have seen all of them?

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I have. It is quite exciting. Let's start with the Gravity and

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American Hustle. I love to Gravity. And American

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Hustle is a disco era film. Gravity, Sandra Bullock and George

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Clooney, adrift in space. A spectacular movie that did so well

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at the box office globally. Critically lauded also. And a

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British film, strangely enough. Yes, they had to shoot it in

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Pinewood and Shepperton. Special effects, of all the magical

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experiences, this here is like a Michelangelo ceiling!

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And American Hustle, about a con artist?

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Nobody is quite sure what it is about, but it is a real story about

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the left early episode. Amy Adams and Christian Bale, almost

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unrecognisable. An FBI episode. And 12 Years A Slave, I think that is

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the best picture. The one that is kind of capturing the conversation

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going on at the moment. Slavery, never really been addressed by

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cinema. And Chiwetel Ejiofor, nominated for

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best director, -- actor, with Steve McQueen nominated for best director.

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Yes, to go from some austere arthouse pieces to one of the big

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directors in the world, only his third film. Alongside Martin

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Scorsese. John Singleton was nominated that -- nominated but did

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not win, Steve McQueen would be the first black director to win. And

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Bruce Sterling is a big favourite, Leonardo DiCaprio, a fourth

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nomination, never one, playing a terrible character, but a brilliant

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performance. Bruce Dern, in the film Nebraska, he has a lots of love from

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the Academy. There he is, playing a deluded pensioner who believes the

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trash mail he gets to his letterbox telling him he has won $1 million. I

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would love Chiwetel Ejiofor to win. But Matthew McConaghy, playing an

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AIDS victim, he is the hot favourite.

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The woman, Kate Blanchette, danger to Dench. -- Dame Judi.

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Yes, Philomena was brilliant, but as good as she was in that film, a

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lovely, clerical anger of a film, but I cannot see anybody beating

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Kate Blanchette. A deluded woman who cannot believe her world has fallen

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apart. That will be the Oscar. We will see who wins and Mark you

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out of ten. A new treatment for blindness offers

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hope to millions of evil with sight problems across the world. It

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involves injecting genes into the eye. -- millions of people. Wine has

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a rare genetic condition. -- Wayne. He was told he would lose his sight

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in ten years. But he had a pioneering operation, which we

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reported two years ago. It has improved his vision.

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I looked at the night sky and saw stars for the first time in 15

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years. That is something for me. Because of a faulty genetic issue,

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cells die, but doctors found a way to inject new working copies. And

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some of the cells they thought were dead have since revitalised,

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improving his vision. Doctors have been amazed at the improvement. It

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shows the therapy is safe and effective. They believe it could

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potentially be used to treat more common forms of likeness. --

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blindness. He was initially told he would not see his doctor grow up. --

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daughter. Following this therapy, he hopes to see his grandchildren.

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Spike Milligan was renowned for his wit, humour, and style. He was also

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very candid about his battle with mental illness. He helped make big

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show one of the most popular the last century. -- the Goon Show. But

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he grappled with depression. Now a new study based on comics from

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around the world has suggested many may suffer from mental illnesses and

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psychotic or smell to trade. -- personality traits. Susan Murray,

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comedian, joins me now. Mental illness is no laughing matter, but

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this link between psychotic disorders and comedians, doesn't

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strike a chord? It does not take a genius to work

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out that it is not normal to stand on stage seeking love for telling

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jokes. If you ask any stand-up comedian, a UN little bit unhinged,

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they will answer, of course I am! I don't know quite why they even did

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the study. Because it is so obvious? Absolutely. Because comedians are

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both introverted and extroverted? Yes. It is quite a hard thing to do,

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but it is a creative outlet. I get to moan for a living. Then you get

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somebody who works in an office for 50 years, hating their job, that is

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more insane than what I do. But do you think people with the

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personality traits we are talking about might be drawn to the world of

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comedy because it offers self-medication almost? There is a

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bit of that. But the study is a bit misleading. Psychotic traits? From

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500 comedians I know, two have had a psychotic episode. The figure would

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be smaller than the general population. So I think this is

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sensationalist, really. But there has always been a widely held view

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linking instability with creativity. You know, Vincent van Gogh off.

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Absolutely. But I would make the point that to do the job I do, you

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must be balanced, mentally tough, physically tough, it is 24/7,

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driving everywhere, writing jokes, it is nonstop, and you must love

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what you do. You don't have to be mentally ill to work here, blah,

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blah, but I work for the News quiz and once wrote 80 jokes in two days.

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Just from thoughts that come into my head, you might be in conversation,

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generally that. Do you have a short, favourite joke? That is acceptable!

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Broadcast quality? Maybe not! When I first got the call I thought this

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was about psychopathic tendencies, and I wrote a joke about it, but it

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is not the same as psychosis. We are a little bit twisted, it is the most

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childish job in the world, apart from being an actual child. Children

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are brilliantly bonkers! I have four of my own and agree with you on

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that! Thank you very much indeed. That is all from this edition. Next,

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the weather. Good evening. Hello. A day of sunny spells and

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scattered showers. Heaviest to the West. Similar tomorrow. Some subtle

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differences, perhaps showers easing in eastern areas. But low never far

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