24/09/2012 The One Show

Hello, and welcome to The One Show with Miss Jones. And Mr Baker. We

are joined by an actress at the forefront of the ratings war with

the BBC and ITV. She lost out in Upstairs Down stairs against

Downton Abbey in the posh costume drama. Now she is's back in a new

category, Best Costume Drama set in a department store, it's Sarah

Lancashire. I have to explain, it's not that I have run out of normal

day-to-day clothes. But they asked me to put this on to have a feel

really of what you have been going through filming The Paradise.

is fine but you haven't got a corset on. That's the painful bit.

I can't lower myself. It's restrictive. You get used to it.

You haven't got a bustle on? I have but it's collapsing, which I

couldn't believe. Do you see? It's there. Is that it there? When you

sit down the whole thing collapses. Even I should have a corset on,

apparently. If you were in sort of military dress uniform then, yeah

at times you would wear a corset. You look very smart, though. The

whole point is that the BBC is coming out with The Paradise, set

in a department store. Also, ITV have one called Mr Selfridge, based

on Selfridges. Yeah, they do!, there's two! Why is a department

store so good for drama, so rich for drama. It's not that dissimilar

to Upstairs Down stairs really because you have got, or Downton,

one of my favourites, because you have got the front of house, which

is the shop, and then you have got all the goings on behind stairs,

which is the staff. You have got the hierarchy going on. You don't

really need to import stories because they're all there. People

are passing through. It sounds just up my street. We will talk more

about that later. If you are a relative worked in a department

store send us a photo. Let's see how far back in time. The earlier

the better, we are looking for costumes, everything. We will see

if we can get back to the early 1900s. Now our National Parks were

created to protect places of beauty to protect wildlife and for

tourists. In Northern Ireland, where the latest park is planned,

not everyone is welcoming the proposals with open arms.

The stunning mountains of Mourne, there are 354 square miles of

amazing scenery south of Belfast. It's one of three areas in Northern

Ireland being proposed as a National Park. The others are the

Fermanagh lakelands and Causeway coast. National Parks are protected

areas that have laws to ensure the preservation of the environment and

local culture. Although, ownership of land isn't affected, the

National Park Authority does have a strong influence on planning and

development. Back in the 1930s, the Campaign to Protect Rural England

was drumming up support, showing films like this in local cinemas.

There are thousands of square miles of country and coast which should

be made into National Parks. Extensive districts to be preserved

and kept for public enjoyment and health... The first National Park

created was the Peak District in 1951. There are now 15 parks in

England, Scotland and Wales, but none in Northern Ireland. Welcome

to Mourne. Dessie's family has farmed in the mourns for

generations and -- Mournes for generations. He is dead set against

it. If a park got set up here here how would it affect your day-to-day

living? We have rules and regulations from local Government

bodies, we don't think we need more. There is no set of rules and

regulations they can show us that will stick. They can be changed at

any minute. It's those potentially unpredictable changes that worry

Dessie and the consequences for future generations. Twoeuf children,

I would like them to stay, work and live in the area. I don't think a

park will allow them to do that. The laws on planning mean you will

have to move outside to get a decent job and affordable housing.

The Mournes are already designated an area of outstanding natural

beauty with a variety of restrictions in place. While Dessie

thinks a National Park would be a disaster for him and his family,

others see it as a great opportunity. The National Park is

the brand that's known worldwide for saying this is a quality

landscape area, where you will also have good opportunities for

enjoyment. One thing, for example, our infrastructure for visitors is

pretty poor. Car parks are small. Pathways aren't well signed. A lot

of pathways are getting eroded and that's where the connection of

allowing people to enjoy and also protecting comes in. Another

example would be rangers to greet people at places like this, work

with farmers and say, well, are there issues where recreation is

conflicting with farmers. Those farmers we worked with have seen

great benefits. It's predicted a National Park here could almost

double tourism revenues and bring nearly 2000 new jobs but it's in

Belfast where the final decision will be made. Issues about land and

ownership run deep in the history of this island. Issues and concerns

about the reach of big Government because of EU regulations has

created a situation where people are distrustful. This can be a win

for tourism, win for farmers, a win for those out of work. But National

Parks reason just a completely rosy picture N the past, they've caused

real problems where they've been introduced. I want to have a

National Park in the image of what we need in the north, given our

different circumstances in the rural area, grow jobs, and at the

same time, protect that heritage for future generations going

forward. The Minister will have to convince those in Government and

residents that this is a good decision. Meanwhile, here in

Kilkeel those people know what they want that decision to be. Because

of the evidence that we have got from different National Parks that

we have visited on the UK mainland and in south of Ireland where

they're all on publicly owned land, the farmers there tell us stay

clear of a National Park. If there was a chance of a large company

wanting to come to this part of Northern Ireland to set up business,

they will not come to a National Park because they perceive the

bureaucracy and red tape and stuff they have to go through. Can you

see any benefits of this part of the world becoming a National Park?

None whatsoever. Overcoming strong local opposition is going to be a

major challenge. It's likely to be several years before a final

decision on National Parks is made in Northern Ireland. Joe Crowley is

here. How are you? Very well. do you think of the dress? Yeah,

definitely, I feel underdressed. You could at least have worn a

waistcoat! I feel like the chauffeur in Downton. Are there

more National Parks planned? have 15 at the moment. The latest

one was created in 2010, the South Downs National Park, it was two

areas of outstanding natural beauty brought together. And now there's a

proposal to extend two National Parks, not create a new one, but to

extend the Lake District and the Yorkshire Dales, extend to the east

and the dales to the west. Like the M6 then. Basically almost touch but

not quite. The M6 would separate them and still two distinctive

parks, just a bit bigger. Sarah u don't have anything against

National Parks. I love National Parks, I love the countryside and I

am I am glad we have a lot of it. I love National Parks. I don't want

to wander in them. Why not? Well, I don't know. What else would do you

in them? You don't get the weather. I have a dog, I walk my dog a lot.

But that tends to be locally. I wouldn't specifically set out to go

and walk in a National Park. As you said, because you could get on with

other things. You see, I just think, can we finish the walk quickly? And

then I can get home. And get on with the things I need to do.

good. At last figures show what us girls have known for years, we are

officially, Sarah, smarter than the boys. Yeah. I am not going to argue

against that. Joe? OK, it's easier. When it comes to getting top

degrees 57% of firsts go to women. But as Ruth Goodman explains for

years one of our top universities believed women unworthy of the

honour. Today there's nothing unusual about

the sight of women graduating from university.

But it wasn't always that way. University education in Britain

dates back to 1096. But for most of that long history women were

excluded. It took a special band of pioneers to break down the doors of

this male preserve. And demand to be let in.

Up until the late 19th century education was seen as the preserve

of men. Women Women certainly had no place at a university. Doctors

warned that women's brains were five ounces lighter than mens and

if they used them too much not only would they wear them out but wombs

would wither A daughter who was educated or one who can bear

children? In the 1860s Emily Davies, Kane an educational campaigner

persuaded Cambridge to let her establish a university college for

women in Hertfordshire. The first of its kind, it had just

five students. She wanted women to be able to

study abroad -- a broad range of subjects and sit the same exams as

men and the college was accepted because the university didn't have

to pay for it. She was financesed by wealthy benefactors and students

themselves. In 1873 they moved to a larger building just outside

Cambridge and became another college T boasted tennis courts, a

swimming bath and even a Fire Brigade. By the 1930s there were

more than 400 women at Cambridge. Joyce, now 96, arrived in 1935 to

study modern languages. Well, it was awesome, for me just getting

into Cambridge was wonderful. did the men treat you in lectures?

Some of the lecturers, particularly the older ones, were not keen.

There was one who famously always said to his mixed class, good

morning gentlemen. It was rather rude. But there was a big snag. In

1938 when Joyce left the college she didn't get a degree. Despite

having passed all her exams with flying colours. At Cambridge, women

were allowed to sit the same exams as men, but they weren't awarded a

degree. Back in 1897 the Cambridge

University Senate held a vote on whether female students should be

allowed to officially graduate. The meeting culminated in a full-scale

riot by male students which saw them hanging an effigj of a woman

from the Senate building. thought it was a preposterous idea,

don't give them a degree because they might want a real job. So,

Cambridge Cambridge withheld degrees for another 50 years.

the time Joyce was at college every other university was awarding women

official degrees but Cambridge took until 1948 to finally change their

policy. My chief feeling was at last! I was very happy for

everybody. Then, 50 years later, in 1998 Cambridge University held a

special ceremony to honour all the women who had not been allowed to

graduate. We went to the Senate house in our gowns. When we got

into the middle of town the bells of St Mary's were peeling and the

whole town seemed to be happy and rejoicing with us. There was a

sense of huge satisfaction. It was wonderful.

It was a great day. 900 of them turned up. Some of them had been

waiting 60, 70 years for this day. The oldest was 97, I think. I felt

that this is the end of the story. This is the last chapter. From now

on, women have their rightful place at Cambridge University.

When I graduated I did so as an equal alongside the men. But that

is something that I owe to people like Joyce who were the pioneers,

who paved the way for an equality that we now can all take for

granted. We were just talking there, you

said you were very studyious at university or drama school. Yeah, I

trained down at the Guildhall in London. I didn't get a degree, I

just became an associate when I I was a very compliant child. So I

was a studious pupil. So, let's talk about The Paradise.

The Radio Times describes it as Lark Rise Goes Shopping. Would you

agree with that? I would, really, but I think it has gone up a notch,

to be honest. In what way? Well, I think it is, I

mean, the production values are fantastic. The design of the piece.

Bill Gallagher has taken the premise of, and -- an Emile Zola

novel, and he has taken the infrastructure of one of his novels

and it is the department store and some of its crashings -- characters

and he has built on top of that. So most of what you see is an

adaptation of the novel. Let's have a look at a clip.

must learn how to wear clothes. If you keep your hair long, tie it up

properly. It looks like a dog's tail. There will be no relations

with the male staff. No relations. Any manner of relations on the shop

premises will be dealt with swiftly and severely. The predecessor was

discovered with a young man... Alone in her room! APPLAUSE

Well, Miss Audrey knows her own mind, doesn't she? Yes. 7

important is her career to her? It looks like it is everything to her?

Well, she, it is interesting, later on in the series we learn more

about her. The reason that it looks like she a career woman, but she

could not marry and have a job at the same time.

Really? You couldn't work in a shop when she started and be married,

probably the same as school teachers who could not be married

either. So she had to choose. the drama fans love the outfits as

much as the drama. So we have set up our own shop. This is Dave's The

Prop Man's Department Store. Yes, he works in the store. He built it

this afternoon. We have Beatrice from the Museum of London to take

us through the ladies' women's wear history. So who were the typical

customers in the early years? was aimed in the -- to the women.

Mostly the middle-class and the upper-class. Women were intoxicated

by shopping. Sometimes they took things without

paying for them. So, very much the start of shopping

as we know it? Very much so. What was the "in" dress to have?

Well, looking at what you are wearing, it is what one was meant

to have. Women take up a lot of space. The objects were not very

much made for, women did icicating, -- ice skating b u you looked

better when you were sitting. I agree.

So, they had lovely accessories to go with the dresses, and Dave sells

lovely gloves in the shop. Dave, what do you have for news the way

of gloves? We, e-- well, he seems to have original gloves. They were

very much a beautiful accessory, but functional as you were meant to

stay pale. You were not meant to be in the sun. Then another accessory,

which is a parasol. So again that was a pretty thing, but it was

meant to shade your face from the sun.

It tucks nicely under the arm. This one is to take when you are

travelling in a carriage. Thank you, Beatrice. Thank you for

bringing everything in. The Paradise starts tomorrow night at

9.00pm on BBC One. Now, one of Britain's biggest ever

engineering projects is underway under the streets of London. It is

all about getting rid of dirt, but today's tunnelers need more than

sturdy pair of trousers to do this. Under neath me there is a hole

being dug. It is all for Europe's largest construction project,

Crossrail. It is a new train link. Running for 118 kilometres.

Tunnelling takes place 24 hours a day, seven days a week. It will

generate about 6 million tons of earth. They can't leave giant

molehills everywhere, so where does the mud go? Well a lot comes out

here at Royal Oak, one of five tunnel entrances.

Andy is the Crossrail project manager.

Tell us about the soil you are extracting? The tunnel here is a

London clay, a hard, dense, clay material. It is ideal for

tunnelling, it is stable, but it is easy to dig.

It is why the London underground network developed so easily 100 or

so years ago. It is helpful when we are digging

it out for the new railway. The earth from this site is loaded

by a conveyor belt to a freight train, then on to a barge and

shipped to wal see island in the Thames Estuary to start its new

life as a wildlife reserve. When the Channel Tunnel was built,

nearly 5 million cubic metres of chalk mile needed a new home. The

nature reserve in Kent was a result. If you wandered what happened to

the twin towers of the old Wembley stadium, it ended up here.

And this along the bank of the River Mercy is made from household

waste from the Queen's tunnel. Over the next four years, about 4.5

million tons of earth from the Crossrail tunnel will make t its

way here to wal see island. It will be a home for tens of thousands of

birds, and helping to combat coastal flooding by recreating the

wetlands. Paul, can any soil make a nature

reserve? No, the soil from the Crossrail tunnel is ideal as it has

been laid down as a marine soil, many thousands of years ago. You

can't use any soil. It is either too acid or too alclee, or it

breaks when in contact with water. So you need something that is sold,

compatible with the environment you are coming into So this flaich

reserve is fantastic? Yes it creates a habitat for many wildlife

species, but we are hopeful that it will attract birds we have not seen

for over 50 years. Some Kentish Plufr. We are hopeful that will

come back and breed here. As far as the eye can see, this

whole area is going to become the nature reserve it is incredible.

This huge project is not due to be completed nool 2019, but with UK

guidelines stating that waste must be used for more than just landfill

we will see more unusual ways to make use of construction debris.

Thank you very much, Angellica Bell. As well as soil, they have dug up a

mammoth's jaw and Roman boots and lots of coins. All sorts of things.

Now, bug man George McGavin is about to tell you now, that we have

nothing on the humble ant when it comes to moving soil. Locked away

on high security Ministry of Defence larned, there are mounds

occupied by armies marching in their thousands and working in

bunkers deep under the ground. A landscape shaped by its inhabitants,

ants. You need special permission to gain access to the Defence,

Science and Technology Laboratory at this place, but I know just the

man. Stewart Colbert is in charge of

this area. Stewart, this lan scape looks phenomenal. Have you any idea

of the ant landmines around here? We calculate that there are about 3

million ant hills. 3 million? If you assume there are tens of

thousands in one hill, how many ants do you think? The original

calculation was about 35 billion ants.

That is mind boggling! The mounds are built by the yellow meadow ant.

Common throughout Britain, but not usually found in such huge numbers.

Acquired by the Ministry of Defence, this land has been left undisturbed

for decades, an unusual scenario, allowing the ants to colonise to

form Britain's largest ant landscape. Dr Tim King has been

studying ant hills for 35 years and documented this area back in the

late 70s. Today I brought him back to look at the same individual

mounds to see if they have changed. These ants live sophisticated

lifestyles, forming complicated relationships with many other

insects. Opening up the nests is the only way to find out more, but

will cause no lasting harm. We can see some of the workers here.

They have very small eyes, as you expect for an underground ant. They

communicate largely by smell. Usually with ants in your hands,

they bite or sting you, but these don't. They just tickle.

Oh, look! That is probably a Queen pupa. These are probably the pupa

of a typical worker which are smaller.

Each nest is run by a single Queen. It is the queens that form the

colonies? That is right. The males have no further use in life.

It was ever thus! Throughout the day, the worker ants move the brood

around the nest, ensuring it is kept in the warmest chambers, but

Tim has found something very fascinating.

Now, this is it... No! Is it really? Please, say it is. Oh, yes,

a little colony of ants living p active in the mound. These ants are

providing food for the entire colony. So, the ants are eating the

honey due which is the aphids' excrement and eating their young as

well? Yes, it is thought that the aphids get protection from the

other insects that may otherwise eat them. So, real farming animals

in the same way that we do? Exactly. But that is not the end of the

story. Look at that wood lice. Is that a weird thing? That is a white

wood loss. This eats the rubbish generated by the ants.

This is amazing. You have an ant that basically interacts with its

environment, farms aphids, has trash carriers in the form of blind

wood lice that clear up after them. It is incredibly complex.

Would you say that you knew everything about them? No! I never

tire of looking at them. Every time you look, you find something new.

It seems incredible to think that the landscape is shaped by the

activities of these incredibly tiny but hard-working ants. Also that

you can spend 40 years looking at them in depth and still not find

out everything that there is to know about them.

He loves an ant, doesn't he? Incredible.

Well, earlier on we asked for pictures if you or relatives worked

in a department store years ago. We have had lots of really nice

pictures in. Sarah, can you show us your one first? This is stpaduction.

A photo of sev -- this is stpaduction.

A photo of seven store assistants. They work in Sam's & Sons.

This is from Liverpool. Some girls shaving some famous' 70s,

footballers. This one is from Plymouth in 1907

from Keith in Devon. Thank you very much. All inspired by The Paradise.

Now, we didn't get a chance to see this.

This is my second costume. I have one outfit and one very special

scene, much later on in the series. How comfortable is that, then,

Sarah to wear? That is incredibly comfortable. It is a soft cotton,

but it is the underpinnings that, initially, they are uncomfortable

with the corset, but to be honest when you have worn the corset for

about two week it is moulds to your shape and half an hour after you

have put it on in the morning it softens down. It is not really that

painful. How long does it take you to get

ready then? I can be literally out of my own clothes and in my costume

in ten minutes. That is good going.

It all starts tomorrow night? forgotten about that! Tomorrow,

9.00pm on BBC One. Thank you very much. I can't wait