Pennod 1 o 2 ‹ Gwynfor: Yr Aelod Dros Gymru?

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-Some say that Gwynfor Evans -was the greatest Welsh patriot...	0:00:03	0:00:06
-..of the 20th Century.	0:00:06	0:00:08
-He was meant to be Wales' saviour.	0:00:08	0:00:11
-He more or less gave -his entire life to that cause.	0:00:11	0:00:15
-He wanted to be the one -who did that job.	0:00:16	0:00:19
-He was a man of many dimensions.	0:00:22	0:00:24
-There was the nationalist figure -but to us he was Daddy.	0:00:24	0:00:29
-For many, he was nothing short -of the Messiah.	0:00:33	0:00:36
-His enemies saw him as an extremist.	0:00:37	0:00:39
-But what kind of man was Gwynfor?	0:00:39	0:00:41
-It's been six years -since the National Assembly...	0:00:51	0:00:54
-..started its work in Cardiff Bay.	0:00:55	0:00:58
-It's the latest example of a -new found confidence for the Welsh.	0:00:58	0:01:02
-It started just as the life -of one of Wales'...	0:01:03	0:01:06
-..most prominent figures -drew to a close.	0:01:06	0:01:08
-But before he died...	0:01:08	0:01:10
-..Gwynfor Evans could look at Wales' -most important establishment...	0:01:10	0:01:13
-..knowing that some of his hard -labour had borne fruit.	0:01:13	0:01:17
-No other person gave such -single-minded dedication...	0:01:20	0:01:25
-..to the nationalist movement -over such a long period of time.	0:01:26	0:01:32
-It's hard to imagine whether we'd -have reached where we are today...	0:01:32	0:01:38
-..without Gwynfor's contribution.	0:01:38	0:01:41
-I think Gwynfor -has made a huge contribution.	0:01:41	0:01:44
-But I think it can be -over-emphasised.	0:01:44	0:01:49
-I don't think he'd contributed -in making the party...	0:01:49	0:01:52
-..politically effective.	0:01:53	0:01:54
-I don't think he appealed -to the nation as a whole.	0:01:55	0:01:58
-If we had to argue -how monumentally influential...	0:02:00	0:02:02
-..Plaid Cymru's first MP was, -it's clear that today's Wales...	0:02:03	0:02:07
-..is totally different from the one -Gwynfor was born into...	0:02:07	0:02:11
-..90 years ago in Barry.	0:02:12	0:02:14
-He has a definite part to play -in that extraordinary story.	0:02:14	0:02:19
-In 1912, he was born into a town -that had developed quickly...	0:02:19	0:02:24
-..into an economic powerhouse.	0:02:24	0:02:28
-Shops are needed -when a new town is built.	0:02:28	0:02:31
-Dan Evans saw his chance. He was -without doubt, an entrepreneur.	0:02:31	0:02:36
-By the time Gwynfor had grown up...	0:02:37	0:02:39
-..the family business was central -to Barry's prosperity.	0:02:39	0:02:43
-He was raised in a house -on Somerset Road.	0:02:45	0:02:48
-The language of the neighbourhood -was English.	0:02:48	0:02:51
-English was also spoken -in this home...	0:02:51	0:02:53
-..by the time the eldest son -turned six.	0:02:54	0:02:56
-The author of a new biography -on him argues...	0:02:56	0:02:59
-..that the home's location -is significant.	0:02:59	0:03:02
-It's one of the biggest ironies -in Welsh history...	0:03:02	0:03:05
-..that Wales's greatest -nationalist of the 20th Century...	0:03:05	0:03:09
-..saw more of England than of Wales.	0:03:09	0:03:12
-That created a crisis of identity.	0:03:12	0:03:15
-He wasn't sure who he was. -Was he a Welshman or an Englishman?	0:03:15	0:03:19
-Gwynfor's nationalism flourished -and strengthened...	0:03:19	0:03:24
-..in that environment.	0:03:24	0:03:26
-But the First World War threw a -shadow over his early childhood.	0:03:27	0:03:31
-A high percentage of young men -from Barry went to war.	0:03:32	0:03:36
-Gwynfor was obviously -a young child.	0:03:36	0:03:38
-He was six years old by 1918.	0:03:38	0:03:41
-He said himself...	0:03:41	0:03:43
-..that he remembers soldiers -being forced to go to war.	0:03:43	0:03:48
-That made a huge impression on him.	0:03:49	0:03:51
-One of Gwynfor's greatest beliefs, -if not his greatest belief...	0:03:52	0:03:56
-..was his pacifism. That was -as a result of the First World War.	0:03:56	0:04:00
-HYMN SINGING	0:04:07	0:04:08
-If the Evans' home -was in Somerset Road...	0:04:10	0:04:13
-..their spiritual home was the -Tabernacl Congregational chapel.	0:04:13	0:04:17
-Gwynfor's grandfather was -a minister here for 17 years.	0:04:17	0:04:21
-Ben Evans was a pacifist, -a nationalist, an abstainer...	0:04:21	0:04:25
-..and a local councillor.	0:04:25	0:04:27
-Gwynfor was born -into a very prominent family.	0:04:27	0:04:31
-I believe that the chapel...	0:04:31	0:04:34
-..was a microcosm of Welshness, -for the young Gwynfor...	0:04:34	0:04:40
-..just as it was for other -Welsh youngsters.	0:04:40	0:04:44
-It was especially so in the towns...	0:04:45	0:04:47
-..where the chance to converse -naturally in Welsh...	0:04:47	0:04:51
-..outside the chapel -was very limited.	0:04:51	0:04:54
-That was the sanctuary -of Welshness.	0:04:55	0:04:58
-After English became -his home's main language...	0:04:58	0:05:02
-..using Welsh pained Gwynfor, -especially in his teens.	0:05:02	0:05:05
-He wasn't so different from many -others of the same generation.	0:05:06	0:05:09
-But Gwynfor suggested that -the chapel should become English.	0:05:10	0:05:14
-The young man's proposal -was rejected.	0:05:15	0:05:17
-Within a few months, his attitude -towards Wales and the language...	0:05:17	0:05:21
-..was transformed.	0:05:22	0:05:23
-As his time at the county school -came to an end...	0:05:23	0:05:27
-..he experienced a thrill at how -important Wales would be to him.	0:05:27	0:05:31
-He admitted that in the sixth form, -he'd had some kind of conversion.	0:05:31	0:05:36
-It's quite normal for young people -to have visions...	0:05:36	0:05:40
-..especially visions -of their own futures.	0:05:40	0:05:44
-He experienced something like that.	0:05:44	0:05:46
-That was his fate.	0:05:47	0:05:48
-He felt that early on.	0:05:48	0:05:50
-He stuck with that -throughout his life.	0:05:50	0:05:55
-Gwynfor's next journey would -take him to the Law Department...	0:05:55	0:06:00
-..at University College, -Aberystwyth.	0:06:00	0:06:02
-On the journey to Aberystwyth, -past Carmarthen...	0:06:02	0:06:05
-..in the days before -Dr Beeching's cuts...	0:06:05	0:06:08
-..Gwynfor was more than happy -to leave Barry behind him.	0:06:08	0:06:12
-He would later say, there had never -been such a non-traditional place.	0:06:13	0:06:17
-At 19 years of age, -he saw his home town...	0:06:17	0:06:20
-..as part of the industrial -south east where the communities...	0:06:20	0:06:24
-..were rootless -and lacked direction.	0:06:24	0:06:27
-The modern age didn't appeal to him.	0:06:27	0:06:30
-His journey westward -took him further away...	0:06:31	0:06:34
-..from that era's most -significant characteristics.	0:06:34	0:06:37
-These were the growing unemployment -levels and the unending poverty...	0:06:37	0:06:42
-..that scarred the valleys -and endangered civilised society.	0:06:42	0:06:46
-Like Saunders Lewis before him, -Gwynfor believed...	0:06:51	0:06:54
-..that a better Wales -was both possible and within reach.	0:06:55	0:06:58
-This was the rural, cultured Wales -that he was familiar with...	0:07:00	0:07:05
-..after many family holidays -in Carmarthenshire.	0:07:05	0:07:08
-He tended to be idealistic, -almost in an Edwardian manner.	0:07:10	0:07:16
-This is where -the ordinary people were.	0:07:16	0:07:18
-They weren't the valleys -working class people...	0:07:19	0:07:22
-..but O M Edwards's -ordinary people.	0:07:22	0:07:24
-There was an element of similarity -between the Welsh middle classes...	0:07:24	0:07:29
-..that he belonged to, -and the loyal ordinary people...	0:07:29	0:07:33
-..in the rural areas.	0:07:33	0:07:35
-That excluded -most of the Welsh population.	0:07:35	0:07:38
-While studying Law in Aberystwyth, -Gwynfor was also determined...	0:07:42	0:07:46
-..to deepen his Welshness -and to promote the language.	0:07:46	0:07:50
-He had three years -to throw himself completely...	0:07:50	0:07:53
-..into the Welsh speaking -Christian life.	0:07:53	0:07:56
-But he was uninspired -by his time in the university.	0:07:56	0:08:00
-The indifferent attitude -of Aber's students...	0:08:00	0:08:03
-..didn't lie comfortably with the -future politician from Barry.	0:08:03	0:08:07
-When you see photos of him, -he looks like a serious boy.	0:08:07	0:08:11
-You get the impression -that he was exactly like that.	0:08:12	0:08:15
-There was something almost priggish -and too serious about him...	0:08:15	0:08:20
-..for us today.	0:08:20	0:08:23
-He started looking -for a political haven...	0:08:23	0:08:26
-..and his attention turned -more and more to Plaid Cymru.	0:08:27	0:08:31
-In the '30s, there were -no election foundations...	0:08:32	0:08:35
-..or election possibilities -for the party.	0:08:36	0:08:39
-The party was a group -of intellectuals...	0:08:39	0:08:42
-..who had interests in art and -history, and who romanticised.	0:08:42	0:08:46
-Plaid Cymru had attracted the -Welsh speaking intelligentsia.	0:08:46	0:08:52
-There was something there for -someone of Gwynfor Evans's nature.	0:08:52	0:08:57
-He was obviously a grave person -who took the world seriously.	0:08:57	0:09:02
-Despite being a small party, -it attracted people like that.	0:09:02	0:09:06
-In a way, its size -was also an attraction...	0:09:06	0:09:09
-..because he could make -his mark quite quickly.	0:09:09	0:09:12
-He did just that.	0:09:12	0:09:14
-He went on to spend two years -at Oxford.	0:09:15	0:09:17
-Ironically, in such -an English institution...	0:09:18	0:09:20
-..he was much happier here.	0:09:20	0:09:22
-He had the chance -to sharpen his politics...	0:09:22	0:09:25
-..and to improve his Welsh within -a small group of nationalists.	0:09:26	0:09:30
-At the end of his period in Oxford, -Gwynfor travelled overnight...	0:09:30	0:09:34
-..back to Barry -along with his brother, Alcwyn.	0:09:34	0:09:37
-After arriving in Wales, -they both decided...	0:09:37	0:09:41
-..to walk up the Sugarloaf Mountain, -between Abergavenny and Crickhowell.	0:09:41	0:09:45
-It was a chance -to put the world to rights.	0:09:45	0:09:48
-In June 1936, that world -was extremely troubled.	0:09:48	0:09:52
-Hitler had just occupied -the Rhineland...	0:09:52	0:09:55
-..and war was getting ever closer.	0:09:55	0:09:57
-He started to believe that -he was the one to save Wales.	0:10:07	0:10:12
-His future would be one -of working for and saving Wales.	0:10:12	0:10:18
-He once told me that -during that time in the '30s...	0:10:19	0:10:23
-..he suddenly felt afraid.	0:10:24	0:10:26
-What if someone else -saved Wales first?	0:10:27	0:10:29
-What if he was too late?	0:10:30	0:10:32
-He wanted to be that saviour.	0:10:32	0:10:35
-He had given his entire life -to that cause.	0:10:35	0:10:39
-On the mountain top, Gwynfor saw -dawn breaking over Wales.	0:10:49	0:10:54
-But it was a significant time -for Gwynfor as well.	0:10:54	0:10:58
-After two years in exile, -he could see a clearer future...	0:10:58	0:11:02
-..for himself and his nation.	0:11:02	0:11:04
-He was determined that the language -was the basis of Welsh identity.	0:11:04	0:11:09
-He would have to be the pacifist, -the nationalist and the Christian.	0:11:10	0:11:14
-That would be the basis -of his 60 year mission.	0:11:15	0:11:20
-888	0:11:26	0:11:28
-September 8th 1936 was a momentous -day in the history of Plaid Cymru.	0:11:35	0:11:40
-At 1.30am, the bombing school -in Penyberth was set alight...	0:11:44	0:11:48
-..by three party leaders.	0:11:48	0:11:50
-It's thought that -the Welsh nationalist impetus...	0:11:50	0:11:54
-..could only be kept going -through violent acts...	0:11:54	0:11:58
-..committed by the party leaders -every 20 years or so.	0:11:58	0:12:03
-It's a disease that could be called -Penyberthitis.	0:12:03	0:12:07
-Certainly, in the 1950s, -and early 1960s...	0:12:07	0:12:11
-..when Tryweryn -stirred up emotions...	0:12:11	0:12:14
-..the leader at that time, -Gwynfor Evans, was expected...	0:12:14	0:12:20
-..to repeat the Penyberth act.	0:12:20	0:12:23
-As he started to earn a living -as a solicitor in Cardiff...	0:12:23	0:12:28
-..Gwynfor admired the unselfish -actions of the three.	0:12:28	0:12:31
-By the start of World War II, -Gwynfor was the secretary...	0:12:36	0:12:40
-..of Welsh Pacifists.	0:12:40	0:12:41
-Due to this, he was the target -for other people's anger.	0:12:41	0:12:46
-He moved to a farm his father owned -in Llangadog - Gwernellyn...	0:12:46	0:12:52
-..or Conshies Corner -as it was known.	0:12:52	0:12:54
-Dan Evans's generous support -would be vital.	0:12:55	0:12:58
-He would never have managed -without his father.	0:13:00	0:13:03
-For years, the business -made financial losses.	0:13:03	0:13:07
-His father made up the deficit.	0:13:08	0:13:10
-He would never have done what he did -without his father's money.	0:13:11	0:13:16
-After being busy giving advice -to pacifists...	0:13:18	0:13:21
-..on how to prepare themselves -before going to court...	0:13:21	0:13:24
-..it soon became Gwynfor's turn -to appear before a tribunal.	0:13:25	0:13:28
-That took place in July 1940 -here in Carmarthen's Guildhall.	0:13:29	0:13:32
-One of his answers -would be very revealing.	0:13:33	0:13:36
-He was asked whether he'd be ready -to fight for Wales.	0:13:36	0:13:40
-He said no. "I'm a pacifist first -and a Welsh Nationalist afterwards."	0:13:40	0:13:45
-But in such a difficult time, -he had cause to celebrate.	0:13:45	0:13:50
-On St David's Day 1941, -Gwynfor married Rhiannon...	0:13:50	0:13:54
-..the daughter of pacifists -Elizabeth and Dan Thomas...	0:13:55	0:13:58
-..at Crwys Chapel, Cardiff.	0:13:58	0:14:00
-My father saw her -as the embodiment of Welshness...	0:14:00	0:14:04
-..and as a member -of the Welsh community.	0:14:04	0:14:07
-He would constantly -refer to the fact...	0:14:07	0:14:11
-..that we descended -from her and her family.	0:14:12	0:14:16
-Not that he wasn't proud -of his own family.	0:14:16	0:14:19
-Due to his position as a pacifist -and his work for Plaid Cymru...	0:14:32	0:14:36
-..the war years were very difficult -for Gwynfor's family in Barry.	0:14:36	0:14:41
-As the fighting continued, support -for the boys in the war...	0:14:41	0:14:45
-..reached its pinnacle, when -the words, "Spy", "Traitor"...	0:14:45	0:14:49
-..and "Fifth Columnist" were painted -on Dan Evans' vans and windows.	0:14:49	0:14:53
-One warehouse -was burnt to the ground.	0:14:54	0:14:56
-The relationship between father -and son was under immense pressure.	0:14:56	0:15:00
-He wasn't happy -just calling himself a pacifist.	0:15:01	0:15:04
-He wanted to persuade people that -killing their fellow men was bad.	0:15:04	0:15:09
-He was a huge embarrassment -to my grandfather.	0:15:09	0:15:12
-He would stand on his soap box -and preach for peace...	0:15:12	0:15:16
-..while my grandfather, the town -mayor, attended important meetings.	0:15:16	0:15:20
-People had responded -fiercely to this.	0:15:20	0:15:23
-People hated pacifists -more than anything else...	0:15:24	0:15:27
-..even more than his -nationalist tendencies.	0:15:27	0:15:30
-But despite the familial tensions...	0:15:30	0:15:33
-..and the fierce opposition -in Barry to his stance...	0:15:33	0:15:37
-..there was no stopping Gwynfor, who -was Plaid Cymru's Vice-President.	0:15:37	0:15:42
-A lot of nonsense has been said -and written about Gwynfor...	0:15:44	0:15:48
-..as well as a lot of exaggeration.	0:15:48	0:15:50
-But one thing we can be sure of is -Gwynfor's huge contribution...	0:15:50	0:15:55
-..to his own party during -the Second World War.	0:15:55	0:15:59
-Simply put, -Gwynfor saved Plaid Cymru.	0:15:59	0:16:01
-Without that contribution, -I'm not sure whether Plaid Cymru...	0:16:02	0:16:06
-..would have been active enough -to see the '50s and '60s.	0:16:06	0:16:10
-After the dark and trying time -of the Second World War...	0:16:13	0:16:17
-..there was a general feeling -that a new era was about to dawn.	0:16:17	0:16:21
-That was also true -about Plaid Cymru.	0:16:21	0:16:24
-On a beautiful summer's day in 1945, -250 of the party faithful...	0:16:24	0:16:28
-..came here to Llangollen -to attend the summer school.	0:16:29	0:16:32
-Gwynfor was ready -to be their President.	0:16:32	0:16:35
-The young, handsome man felt he'd -had a calling to lead his party.	0:16:35	0:16:39
-Everybody loved the idea -that such a handsome young man...	0:16:40	0:16:44
-..would be leading -such an important party.	0:16:44	0:16:47
-A wonderful feeling was felt -among Plaid Cymru members.	0:16:47	0:16:52
-In a way, they thought -the Messiah had arrived.	0:16:53	0:16:58
-There is a viewpoint that suggests -there was a turning point...	0:16:59	0:17:03
-..in Plaid Cymru's history when -Gwynfor Evans was elected President.	0:17:03	0:17:07
-That is very simplistic.	0:17:07	0:17:09
-If you look at what Gwynfor Evans -said for the first 15 years...	0:17:09	0:17:14
-..of his presidency, -in truth he's just reiterating...	0:17:15	0:17:18
-..Saunders Lewis' themes.	0:17:18	0:17:21
-This 'big change' is quite mythical.	0:17:22	0:17:26
-Gwynfor Evans, to some extent, -created this myth...	0:17:26	0:17:30
-..of how Gwynfor Evans would -rewrite Plaid Cymru's history.	0:17:30	0:17:34
-After the dark days of the War, -the new Labour government...	0:17:36	0:17:40
-..and its leader, Clement Attlee...	0:17:40	0:17:42
-..pushed Britain -into a different direction.	0:17:43	0:17:46
-Soon there'd be a National Health -Service offering care for everyone.	0:17:46	0:17:51
-Under its new leader, Plaid Cymru -was also under pressure...	0:17:52	0:17:56
-..to modernise. -To party members of the '40s...	0:17:57	0:17:59
-..it was too respectable and -too similar to a religious sect.	0:18:00	0:18:04
-Even early on as President, Gwynfor -faced opposition in the party.	0:18:04	0:18:09
-A group of them, republicans -like Gwilym Prys-Davies...	0:18:09	0:18:12
-..would meet in a cafe -in Carmarthen.	0:18:13	0:18:15
-They said the party -was ignoring the south east...	0:18:15	0:18:18
-..especially the economic problems.	0:18:19	0:18:21
-They said a dose of socialism -was needed as well as nationalism.	0:18:21	0:18:25
-The leadership -of the Welsh republicans...	0:18:25	0:18:29
-..appealed to two totally -different traditions.	0:18:30	0:18:34
-Very valuable traditions.	0:18:34	0:18:37
-The leadership appealed...	0:18:37	0:18:40
-..to the Welsh, radical, rural -nonconformist tradition.	0:18:40	0:18:46
-The republicans appealed -to the socialist, more secular...	0:18:47	0:18:53
-..anti-Royalist, -more aggressive traditions...	0:18:53	0:18:59
-..that were connected to the -industrial society of south Wales.	0:18:59	0:19:05
-About 50 republicans decided Plaid -Cymru didn't offer them anything.	0:19:06	0:19:12
-In their opinion, -Gwynfor wasn't listening to them.	0:19:12	0:19:15
-Some like Gwilym Prys-Davies -would join the Labour Party.	0:19:15	0:19:20
-It would be fair to say -that Gwynfor hated that party.	0:19:21	0:19:25
-His work during the 1950s -as Llangadog's representative...	0:19:26	0:19:30
-..on Carmarthenshire's council, -lit a lifelong hatred towards it.	0:19:30	0:19:35
-Being elected as a county councillor -gave Gwynfor an excellent chance...	0:19:37	0:19:42
-..to use the chamber -as a national stage.	0:19:42	0:19:44
-He decided to sit -with the independents...	0:19:45	0:19:47
-..purely for tactical reasons.	0:19:47	0:19:49
-But that was enough to anger -the Labour members.	0:19:50	0:19:53
-To them, this was proof -that he was a Tory...	0:19:53	0:19:56
-..in the guise of a nationalist.	0:19:56	0:19:59
-If he wasn't in the council, -he was on the road...	0:20:02	0:20:06
-..travelling thousands of miles -in his Morris Minor.	0:20:06	0:20:09
-Gwynfor Evans had a huge amount -of stamina.	0:20:09	0:20:13
-People talk of his charisma -but he also had stamina.	0:20:13	0:20:16
-He'd address hundreds -of public meetings every year.	0:20:17	0:20:20
-He'd drive thousands of miles -each year...	0:20:20	0:20:24
-..when roads and cars weren't -as reliable as they are now.	0:20:24	0:20:29
-He'd speak on his box -in a valleys street.	0:20:30	0:20:33
-He was never home.	0:20:33	0:20:34
-I knew that he was under pressure -and that he was in constant demand.	0:20:35	0:20:41
-I remember Alcwyn -asking where he was...	0:20:41	0:20:44
-..and he thought that 'a meeting' -was a place.	0:20:44	0:20:47
-Daddy was always in a meeting!	0:20:47	0:20:49
-He loved being -in the company of children.	0:20:52	0:20:55
-He used to dress up as an old woman -and pretend he was our aunty.	0:20:55	0:20:59
-He'd stuff balloons up his jumper.	0:20:59	0:21:02
-He was funny -and had a sense of humour.	0:21:02	0:21:06
-I think that kept him going through -times of illness and low spirits.	0:21:06	0:21:11
-He would say that he should never -have married and had children.	0:21:21	0:21:25
-He said they were in the way.	0:21:25	0:21:27
-He used to say that -quite light-heartedly...	0:21:27	0:21:31
-..because it would hurt people, -especially if he said it...	0:21:31	0:21:34
-..in front of his family.	0:21:35	0:21:37
-He said it once or twice -quite light-heartedly...	0:21:37	0:21:40
-..but he made you feel -there was something to it.	0:21:40	0:21:45
-In the 1955 General Election...	0:21:45	0:21:48
-..Plaid Cymru had its highest -number of candidates - eleven.	0:21:48	0:21:53
-For the third time, -Gwynfor stood in Meirionnydd...	0:21:54	0:21:57
-..and doubled his votes. But a very -difficult time would soon face him.	0:21:58	0:22:03
-When the city of Liverpool -announced in the mid '50s...	0:22:03	0:22:06
-..that it wanted to drown -the village of Capel Celyn...	0:22:07	0:22:10
-..it faced fierce opposition -right across Wales.	0:22:10	0:22:14
-Thousands, including -the majority of MPs agreed.	0:22:14	0:22:18
-The scheme was an insult, not only -to Wales, but also to Welsh culture.	0:22:18	0:22:24
-But the Welsh couldn't do anything -to change the decision.	0:22:24	0:22:28
-The result of that, -during Tryweryn...	0:22:28	0:22:31
-..was a political -turning point for many.	0:22:31	0:22:33
-There was no doubt -in Gwynfor's mind.	0:22:34	0:22:37
-Plaid Cymru had to be central -in this battle.	0:22:37	0:22:40
-He co-operated closely with -the local defence committee.	0:22:41	0:22:44
-But convincing -the people of Penllyn...	0:22:45	0:22:47
-..let alone defeating Liverpool, -wasn't easy.	0:22:48	0:22:50
-Gwynfor did everything he could.	0:22:51	0:22:53
-He led dozens of people from Capel -Celyn through Liverpool's streets.	0:22:53	0:22:57
-He did everything he could think of.	0:22:57	0:23:01
-Gwynfor believed Liverpool -could be beaten in Parliament...	0:23:03	0:23:07
-..but slowly, -every constitutional door closed.	0:23:08	0:23:11
-Some were ready to consider -other options.	0:23:11	0:23:14
-We despised what was happening -in Tryweryn.	0:23:16	0:23:20
-Like Penyberth, nearly everyone -from public bodies to MPs...	0:23:21	0:23:25
-..were against it, and yet -Wales remained helpless.	0:23:25	0:23:29
-In my mind, someone -had to do something.	0:23:29	0:23:33
-That something was a bone -of contention for Plaid Cymru...	0:23:35	0:23:39
-..for many months.	0:23:39	0:23:40
-Should the law be broken -in an attempt to save Tryweryn?	0:23:41	0:23:46
-Wasn't Plaid supposed to be a fully -constitutional political party...	0:23:47	0:23:52
-..above all else? In the end, -they decided to act.	0:23:52	0:23:57
-Party leaders came to Dolgellau -to discuss what was to be done.	0:23:57	0:24:03
-Gwynfor said that he could foresee -organising direct action.	0:24:03	0:24:09
-Perhaps in Liverpool.	0:24:09	0:24:11
-He wanted someone to organise that.	0:24:11	0:24:13
-My role was to organise -direct actions...	0:24:13	0:24:17
-..to try and prevent -the drowning of Tryweryn.	0:24:17	0:24:21
-It had been a long period -of uncertainty for the party.	0:24:22	0:24:25
-Some said there was a lack -of leadership...	0:24:25	0:24:28
-..with Tryweryn a constant cloud.	0:24:28	0:24:30
-But despite the party announcing -a law-breaking campaign...	0:24:30	0:24:35
-..Gwynfor had cold feet. -No action would be taken.	0:24:35	0:24:38
-There would be no repeat -of Penyberth.	0:24:38	0:24:40
-Gwynfor immediately announced the -party had changed its standing...	0:24:41	0:24:46
-..on unconstitutional action.	0:24:46	0:24:50
-He would stick with constitutional -campaigns from then on.	0:24:50	0:24:54
-The party didn't decide that - -Gwynfor did.	0:24:54	0:24:58
-Some nationalists felt let down -by Gwynfor during this time.	0:25:02	0:25:06
-They felt the efforts to save -Capel Celyn were ineffective.	0:25:07	0:25:10
-The politician who refused -to break the law...	0:25:11	0:25:14
-..and the leader who was -too scared to go to jail.	0:25:14	0:25:17
-He had no vision.	0:25:17	0:25:19
-Saunders Lewis had vision -in Penyberth...	0:25:19	0:25:22
-..during a very -difficult time for him.	0:25:22	0:25:24
-It wasn't an easy period.	0:25:24	0:25:26
-To Saunders Lewis, the fact that -Gwynfor took no action...	0:25:27	0:25:32
-..was close to treason.	0:25:32	0:25:35
-He sees Gwynfor as a coward -for failing to do more.	0:25:35	0:25:40
-Gwynfor Evans's supporters said, -what was the point in that?	0:25:40	0:25:44
-Penyberth didn't lead to anything.	0:25:44	0:25:46
-The Lleyn fire didn't achieve much, -so why do that again?	0:25:47	0:25:51
-It wasn't serious politics.	0:25:52	0:25:54
-What they had to do was the slow -work of building the organisation.	0:25:54	0:26:00
-That meant following -the constitutional route.	0:26:01	0:26:05
-After all his work in Tryweryn...	0:26:06	0:26:08
-..Gwynfor hoped to win -the Meirionnydd seat in 1959.	0:26:08	0:26:12
-But his majority decreased.	0:26:12	0:26:14
-Gwynfor worked extraordinarily hard -to try and save the valley.	0:26:16	0:26:22
-But many people -within and outside the party...	0:26:22	0:26:25
-..thought his leadership -wasn't strong or clear enough.	0:26:26	0:26:30
-Plaid Cymru was divided...	0:26:30	0:26:33
-..and Gwynfor's future as leader -hung in the balance.	0:26:33	0:26:37
-888	0:26:42	0:26:44
-After another election defeat...	0:26:51	0:26:53
-..there was no escaping -the Tryweryn debate.	0:26:53	0:26:56
-At the start of a new decade -a new generation of nationalists...	0:26:56	0:27:00
-..were ready for new challenges.	0:27:01	0:27:02
-They started to attract new blood.	0:27:03	0:27:06
-These people had stronger -political views.	0:27:06	0:27:11
-That created inner turmoil...	0:27:11	0:27:13
-..because it wasn't this small -comfortable club any more.	0:27:14	0:27:17
-It wasn't Gwynfor Evans's fan club.	0:27:18	0:27:20
-People now disagreed with him.	0:27:20	0:27:22
-They looked on Gwynfor as a Messiah.	0:27:22	0:27:25
-They expected him to save Wales.	0:27:25	0:27:27
-All they had to do was attend -a meeting every now and again...	0:27:28	0:27:32
-..just like Christians go to church, -and give some money...	0:27:32	0:27:36
-..and to tell him to carry on -with the work.	0:27:36	0:27:39
-But many weren't ready -to do a lot themselves.	0:27:39	0:27:42
-Wales was changing.	0:27:45	0:27:47
-Old values were disappearing.	0:27:47	0:27:50
-Some thought the leadership was -slipping from Gwynfor's grasp.	0:27:50	0:27:54
-This was the final straw -for Gwynfor. He'd had enough.	0:27:55	0:28:00
-Over the past four years, some of -of the party thought that Gwynfor...	0:28:00	0:28:04
-..was a laughing stock.	0:28:05	0:28:06
-The perception that he'd failed his -party on the issue of Tryweryn...	0:28:06	0:28:12
-..pressed on his conscience -like a tonne of lead.	0:28:12	0:28:15
-In 1961, Gwynfor seemed as if -he was going to throw in the towel.	0:28:16	0:28:20
-He decided not to stand -in Meirionnydd again...	0:28:21	0:28:24
-..and he was within a hair's breadth -of resigning as leader.	0:28:24	0:28:28
-After his friends persuaded him -to continue...	0:28:28	0:28:31
-..Gwynfor and the party members -attended the annual conference.	0:28:31	0:28:35
-They sensed that a storm -was brewing.	0:28:36	0:28:38
-The party delegates -returned to Llangollen...	0:28:41	0:28:44
-..but the atmosphere -was very different...	0:28:44	0:28:47
-..from the hopeful days of 1945.	0:28:47	0:28:50
-Back then, Gwynfor's journey -as leader was just beginning...	0:28:50	0:28:53
-..but in 1961, his leadership could -have been shattered completely...	0:28:54	0:28:58
-..in the most dramatic of ways. -A motion was proposed for action.	0:28:58	0:29:03
-Moreover, this was a battle -for the soul of the party.	0:29:03	0:29:08
-I remember taking part in that -debate, and making this point.	0:29:08	0:29:14
-If it wasn't for Penyberth, there -wouldn't be a nationalist party.	0:29:14	0:29:19
-If we carry on -as if we're in the same era...	0:29:19	0:29:24
-..as a group rather -than a political party...	0:29:24	0:29:27
-..we have no future -as a parliamentary party.	0:29:27	0:29:30
-I'm sure I was right.	0:29:31	0:29:32
-There were some plots around.	0:29:33	0:29:35
-They said they would collect names -of those party members...	0:29:36	0:29:40
-..who'd take part in direct action.	0:29:40	0:29:42
-I remember one member went up -to the Vice-President...	0:29:42	0:29:46
-..Tudur Jones, and said he thought -they'd decided not to take action.	0:29:46	0:29:52
-"This is just to keep people quiet, -we won't do anything."	0:29:52	0:29:56
-Well, I didn't like that kind -of dishonesty.	0:29:56	0:30:02
-But that's what was going on.	0:30:02	0:30:04
-It was an important victory -for Gwynfor's supporters...	0:30:05	0:30:09
-..but before long, the President -would have to defend...	0:30:09	0:30:13
-..his constitutional politics from -a heavy blow by a familiar voice.	0:30:13	0:30:18
-"Nothing less than a revolution...	0:30:19	0:30:21
-.."can save the -Welsh language in Wales."	0:30:23	0:30:26
-Saunders Lewis called for an illegal -campaign to save the language.	0:30:26	0:30:31
-I remember listening -to Saunders Lewis...	0:30:31	0:30:34
-..delivering -The Fate of The Language.	0:30:34	0:30:36
-I thought the crisis he was -describing was a real crisis.	0:30:37	0:30:40
-But it became obvious that he was -trying to turn Plaid Cymru...	0:30:40	0:30:44
-..into a militant language group -and nothing else.	0:30:45	0:30:48
-I thought that was complete madness.	0:30:48	0:30:50
-But Saunders Lewis was an idol -for the younger generation.	0:30:51	0:30:55
-They then established -the Welsh Language Society.	0:30:56	0:30:59
-But what was Gwynfor's attitude?	0:30:59	0:31:01
-People should realise that Gwynfor -did everything he could...	0:31:01	0:31:05
-..to prevent the growth -of the Welsh Language Society.	0:31:06	0:31:12
-Elystan Morgan approached us.	0:31:13	0:31:17
-At the time, -he was Gwynfor's crown prince.	0:31:17	0:31:23
-He said we were banging our heads -against a brick wall.	0:31:24	0:31:28
-We told him we'd keep on banging, -as it was a start.	0:31:28	0:31:32
-Years later, we reminded him -of his interference...	0:31:33	0:31:38
-..and he laughed -in his usual cynical way!	0:31:38	0:31:43
-He said, "We had to stop the -language society before it started."	0:31:43	0:31:47
-I have a letter -that was written by Gwynfor.	0:31:47	0:31:52
-He said there was room -for the Welsh Language Society.	0:31:52	0:31:57
-The party would remain -as a constitutional party...	0:31:57	0:32:02
-..with the Society as a separate -unconstitutional group.	0:32:02	0:32:06
-Gwynfor accepted that.	0:32:06	0:32:08
-But the cloud of Tryweryn -still cast its shadow.	0:32:09	0:32:13
-Explosives were used -in a series of illegal activities...	0:32:13	0:32:17
-..by young men -who were Plaid Cymru members.	0:32:17	0:32:21
-These men have my full sympathy -and respect and moral support.	0:32:25	0:32:29
-They're acting for Wales.	0:32:29	0:32:31
-They're acting courageously and in -a way they see to be most effective.	0:32:31	0:32:35
-There were protests in Tryweryn -at the beginning of the 1960s.	0:32:36	0:32:40
-He always said that he condemned -this sort of violence...	0:32:40	0:32:44
-..but that he understood what -motivated those brave people.	0:32:44	0:32:48
-Some members of the public felt that -showed two faces of the same coin...	0:32:48	0:32:54
-..that he said one thing -and then another.	0:32:54	0:32:57
-They felt that the policy line -wasn't totally clear.	0:32:57	0:33:01
-For many years, -Emrys Roberts had been working...	0:33:01	0:33:05
-..at the party's Cardiff office.	0:33:05	0:33:07
-He was also a member of -a new faction, The New Nation.	0:33:08	0:33:11
-The party's message at the time...	0:33:11	0:33:15
-..didn't appeal to people -of the south east.	0:33:15	0:33:19
-I thought everything should be -revamped to appeal more to them.	0:33:19	0:33:23
-But at the same time we couldn't -forget the north and west.	0:33:24	0:33:28
-I think that most people throughout -Wales shared the same social values.	0:33:28	0:33:34
-He was an intelligent man -but he could be a dangerous man...	0:33:36	0:33:40
-..where the party's future -was in question.	0:33:40	0:33:43
-The row simmered as another election -gave Gwynfor the opportunity...	0:33:44	0:33:48
-..to stand in Carmarthen.	0:33:48	0:33:50
-I'm not only the candidate -for Plaid Cymru in Carmarthen...	0:33:51	0:33:54
-..I happen also to be the President -of Plaid Cymru.	0:33:54	0:33:58
-But the party lost a lot of ground -in '64.	0:33:58	0:34:01
-Gwynfor came third as Megan Lloyd -George kept the seat for Labour.	0:34:01	0:34:06
-Would the President -listen to his critics?	0:34:06	0:34:09
-No, there won't be any change.	0:34:09	0:34:12
-We know that the road we've chosen -is the only one possible.	0:34:12	0:34:16
-All we heard today was the party -leaders giving us their ideas...	0:34:16	0:34:21
-..and telling us -what should be done in future.	0:34:21	0:34:24
-Nobody had the chance -to voice their opinions.	0:34:24	0:34:27
-Emrys Roberts was probably -the loudest internal critic...	0:34:27	0:34:31
-..but he was about to make -a false move.	0:34:31	0:34:34
-Emrys Roberts' big mistake was -to reveal his true feelings...	0:34:34	0:34:40
-..about Gwynfor.	0:34:40	0:34:43
-This is an extraordinary letter for -the general secretary to write...	0:34:43	0:34:48
-..about the party leader.	0:34:48	0:34:50
-He talks about Gwynfor Evans here.	0:34:50	0:34:54
-"Gwynfor said he recognised -need for reorganisation...	0:34:54	0:34:57
-.."but argued consistently against -any constructive ideas.	0:34:58	0:35:02
-"He was the mixture as before -and completely ineffectual."	0:35:02	0:35:05
-The letter was delivered -into the wrong hands.	0:35:06	0:35:10
-I remember the letter, and -I remember being in the office.	0:35:10	0:35:14
-It was the night it was sent.	0:35:14	0:35:17
-Did you open the letter?	0:35:18	0:35:20
-It wasn't sealed.	0:35:21	0:35:23
-It was left there deliberately -for me to see.	0:35:25	0:35:28
-It wasn't sealed.	0:35:28	0:35:30
-To the true Plaid Cymru members like -R Tudur Jones and Elystan Morgan...	0:35:31	0:35:36
-..they didn't like Emrys Roberts.	0:35:36	0:35:39
-This letter, the Judas Letter, -was like manna from heaven.	0:35:39	0:35:42
-It was irrefutable evidence that, -in their minds...	0:35:43	0:35:46
-..Emrys Roberts -was scheming against Gwynfor.	0:35:46	0:35:49
-Gwynfor received a copy -of this letter.	0:35:49	0:35:52
-On that copy -is just one handwritten word...	0:35:52	0:35:54
-..which encapsulates Gwynfor's -feelings, and that was 'Traitor'.	0:35:55	0:36:00
-Over the years, the word traitor -was used for many us.	0:36:00	0:36:04
-I'm sure that whatever Emrys -had done and was going to do...	0:36:06	0:36:11
-..was done because he believed it -was the best thing for Wales.	0:36:11	0:36:16
-It wasn't done through -personal ambition.	0:36:16	0:36:19
-He felt that something -revolutionary had to be done...	0:36:19	0:36:23
-..that our time was running out.	0:36:23	0:36:25
-Knowing what exactly was going on -came as a bit of a shock to us.	0:36:26	0:36:30
-It was a shock and disappointment -that scheming was taking place...	0:36:30	0:36:36
-..behind the scenes -by party officials.	0:36:36	0:36:40
-I think Emrys, in his frustration...	0:36:40	0:36:43
-..felt that he was planning -rather than scheming.	0:36:43	0:36:49
-Emrys could be foolish at times...	0:36:49	0:36:52
-..but planning would be -a better description.	0:36:52	0:36:55
-There was friction -between Emrys and Gwynfor...	0:36:55	0:36:59
-..and between Gwynfor and Emrys.	0:36:59	0:37:01
-Gwynfor was determined -to get rid of him.	0:37:01	0:37:05
-It's possible that it was in the -Belle Vue Hotel in Aberystwyth...	0:37:07	0:37:11
-..that Plaid Cymru's most shocking -and tempestuous meeting was held.	0:37:11	0:37:16
-Some say it was a brutal meeting.	0:37:16	0:37:19
-Emrys Roberts' enemies -were more than ready for him.	0:37:19	0:37:23
-I was on the committee when Emrys -was forced to resign.	0:37:23	0:37:28
-People thought Gwynfor was very -lenient and honourable.	0:37:29	0:37:33
-But he wasn't lenient -or honourable at all...	0:37:34	0:37:36
-..when he was determined -to get rid of someone.	0:37:37	0:37:41
-I think that Plaid Cymru -should be ashamed...	0:37:41	0:37:44
-..of the way -they treated Emrys Roberts.	0:37:44	0:37:47
-This image of Gwynfor being gentle -to everyone wasn't true.	0:37:47	0:37:52
-He wasn't, -when he wanted his own way.	0:37:52	0:37:55
-My father feared that if these -new ideas were successful...	0:37:55	0:37:59
-..he'd be ousted as President.	0:37:59	0:38:02
-That just went too far.	0:38:04	0:38:05
-He'd tell me in private that some -of the ideas were sensible.	0:38:06	0:38:10
-But he was afraid of losing -his power in the party.	0:38:11	0:38:16
-He was supposed to save Wales.	0:38:17	0:38:20
-At the time, Emrys' marriage -was breaking up.	0:38:21	0:38:24
-He was having an affair with a -rising star in the youth movement.	0:38:25	0:38:29
-That was part of the evidence -against him.	0:38:29	0:38:32
-Gwynfor said that Emrys Roberts -could no longer work for the party.	0:38:35	0:38:40
-His personal life wouldn't allow it.	0:38:40	0:38:43
-An extract of the Judas Letter -was put forward...	0:38:43	0:38:47
-..as unmistakable evidence -of Emrys's betrayal.	0:38:47	0:38:50
-In the end, a majority of seven -were in favour of throwing him out.	0:38:50	0:38:55
-Gwynfor had disposed of -his main enemy.	0:38:55	0:38:58
-Gwynfor argued -that I should be sacked...	0:38:58	0:39:01
-..because my marriage was over, and -I was about to marry someone else.	0:39:02	0:39:07
-He said it wasn't right that the -party secretary behaved like this.	0:39:07	0:39:13
-This situation wasn't as common -as it is today.	0:39:13	0:39:16
-I didn't feel -I could argue against that.	0:39:17	0:39:20
-If people thought that, -then I had to accept it.	0:39:20	0:39:23
-But I was told later, -that wasn't the true reason.	0:39:23	0:39:27
-Gwynfor had written to people -telling them...	0:39:27	0:39:30
-..I was scheming against him and -that I wanted to be the President.	0:39:30	0:39:34
-If he'd said that openly, I could -have told him my motives.	0:39:35	0:39:39
-But I was never given that chance.	0:39:39	0:39:42
-He couldn't see -that I was doing something...	0:39:43	0:39:46
-..for the benefit of the party -and for Wales.	0:39:46	0:39:49
-He took it personally, that it was -an attempt to undermine him.	0:39:50	0:39:55
-Being a prominent figure in Welsh -life was important for Gwynfor.	0:39:55	0:40:00
-The man that Gwynfor considered -a traitor had gone.	0:40:00	0:40:04
-But that feeling of relief -wouldn't last long...	0:40:04	0:40:07
-..because a friend was ready -to leave voluntarily.	0:40:08	0:40:11
-888	0:40:16	0:40:18
-If the Emrys Roberts chapter -was bitter and damaging...	0:40:22	0:40:26
-..according to Gwynfor, -worse was to come.	0:40:26	0:40:29
-A young, bright member, -whom many saw as Gwynfor's heir...	0:40:29	0:40:35
-..was considering leaving the party -and joining Labour.	0:40:35	0:40:38
-By now, the new Labour government -had established the Welsh Office.	0:40:39	0:40:44
-Wales' first Secretary of State -was the Llanelli MP, Jim Griffiths.	0:40:44	0:40:50
-The way in which Wales would be run -was about to change.	0:40:50	0:40:54
-This wasn't something -you gave to a region...	0:40:56	0:40:58
-..this was a national badge.	0:40:59	0:41:01
-You can say that Wales remained -as a constitutional area...	0:41:01	0:41:07
-..but there were now inexhaustible -possibilities.	0:41:07	0:41:11
-Before 1964, I felt -that nothing was possible.	0:41:11	0:41:14
-But after 1964, -nearly everything was possible.	0:41:14	0:41:17
-Those possibilities -were very attractive...	0:41:18	0:41:21
-..to the young -Ceredigion politician.	0:41:21	0:41:23
-But for Gwynfor, watching -Elystan Morgan, his heir apparent...	0:41:23	0:41:29
-..getting closer to Labour -was heartbreaking.	0:41:29	0:41:32
-Over a period of months during 1965, -they both met regularly.	0:41:34	0:41:39
-One such meeting was at the -Metropole Hotel in Llandrindod.	0:41:39	0:41:42
-Gwynfor tried to persuade Elystan -Morgan that he was making a mistake.	0:41:43	0:41:48
-But in the end he left...	0:41:48	0:41:50
-..and within nine months -he'd been elected as a Labour MP.	0:41:50	0:41:54
-The friend was now a traitor.	0:41:55	0:41:57
-I'm very aware that he had been -disappointed.	0:41:57	0:42:01
-That was the awful thing. I'd left -a close and affectionate family...	0:42:01	0:42:07
-..that I thought the world of. -I still think the world of them.	0:42:07	0:42:11
-There's never been a bad word -uttered between Gwynfor and me.	0:42:11	0:42:17
-It would be very difficult -for it to be like that.	0:42:17	0:42:21
-We had a close relationship -on a personal level...	0:42:24	0:42:28
-..right until the end.	0:42:28	0:42:30
-Elystan turned into a very good -British Welshman.	0:42:31	0:42:36
-Seeing a man of Elystan's ability -moulded in that way...	0:42:37	0:42:41
-..was a huge disappointment to me -and many others.	0:42:42	0:42:47
-I have always been a socialist.	0:42:47	0:42:49
-In so far as my views and relation -to Wales are concerned...	0:42:49	0:42:53
-..you know the verse - "Will the -leopard change its spots...	0:42:54	0:42:57
-..or the Ethiopian his skin?"	0:42:57	0:42:59
-Before long, the party -and leader were reminded...	0:43:04	0:43:07
-..of another fight they lost, as the -Tryweryn floodgates were opened.	0:43:08	0:43:13
-The mid-1960s -was a very difficult time.	0:43:14	0:43:20
-It was an extremely hard period -for every party member...	0:43:21	0:43:25
-..in many parts of Wales.	0:43:25	0:43:28
-Morale was shattered.	0:43:28	0:43:30
-Despite this, Gwynfor stuck at it.	0:43:32	0:43:35
-He had another election to fight -in 1966.	0:43:36	0:43:39
-He stood in Carmarthen again and -challenged the Labour candidate...	0:43:39	0:43:43
-..Megan Lloyd George.	0:43:44	0:43:46
-Due to illness, she didn't appear -on the campaign trail.	0:43:46	0:43:50
-Her supporters didn't know -she was dying of cancer.	0:43:50	0:43:53
-This was Welsh Labour's big year.	0:43:54	0:43:56
-The result in Cardiganshire -was proof of that.	0:43:57	0:44:01
-Morgan (Labour). Dafydd Elystan.	0:44:01	0:44:04
-Eleven thousand...	0:44:06	0:44:07
-Eleven thousand... - -CHEERS	0:44:07	0:44:08
-The appointment of an Anglesey man, -Cledwyn Hughes as Welsh Secretary...	0:44:13	0:44:18
-..underlined Plaid Cymru's failure.	0:44:18	0:44:20
-There was a new respectability -in the Labour Party...	0:44:21	0:44:24
-..after the Welsh Office -was established.	0:44:24	0:44:27
-Many people felt that Labour -was a better group.	0:44:27	0:44:31
-I think that Gwynfor, after years -of bitter fighting with Labour...	0:44:31	0:44:37
-..within Carmarthenshire Council, -couldn't see any virtues in them.	0:44:37	0:44:43
-I think that was one -of his weaknesses.	0:44:43	0:44:47
-Megan Lloyd George died six weeks -after the General Election.	0:44:48	0:44:53
-Gwynfor was among the mourners -in Cricieth...	0:44:53	0:44:56
-..at the funeral of a former -Prime Minister's daughter.	0:44:57	0:45:00
-Back in Carmarthen, -the Plaid Cymru election machine...	0:45:01	0:45:05
-..started whirring. It was -a bit more cunning than usual.	0:45:05	0:45:09
-Gwynfor Evans had the appeal -as the councillor in Llangadog...	0:45:11	0:45:15
-..and a man who'd spent -most of his life in Llangadog.	0:45:15	0:45:19
-He was a local man.	0:45:19	0:45:21
-Islwyn Ffowc Ellis used the slogan, -"One of You".	0:45:22	0:45:25
-It underlined the fact -that he was local man.	0:45:25	0:45:29
-Labour's candidate -was a former Plaid Cymru member.	0:45:30	0:45:33
-There is this myth that Gwynfor -was some sort of saint...	0:45:34	0:45:39
-..a teddy bear, who wouldn't get -involved in any political spin.	0:45:39	0:45:44
-But there is evidence -to the contrary.	0:45:44	0:45:47
-In this confidential memorandum, -that was written by Gwynfor...	0:45:48	0:45:52
-..when campaigning was underway, -he mentions some facts...	0:45:52	0:45:56
-..about Mr Prys-Davies.	0:45:56	0:45:58
-This makes it clear that -Gwilym Prys-Davies had been part...	0:45:58	0:46:02
-..of the alleged republican -extremist group.	0:46:02	0:46:07
-That connection -was mentioned several times...	0:46:08	0:46:11
-..during the Carmarthen by-election.	0:46:11	0:46:13
-They said Mr Prys-Davies wasn't -local, he came from north Wales...	0:46:13	0:46:18
-..and he'd left Plaid Cymru -for Labour...	0:46:18	0:46:21
-..so he couldn't be depended on.	0:46:21	0:46:23
-For Harold Wilson, -the by-election was called...	0:46:24	0:46:27
-..at an inopportune time.	0:46:28	0:46:29
-The sailors were on strike -and the pound was weak.	0:46:30	0:46:33
-To cap it all, -in the constituency itself...	0:46:34	0:46:37
-..the Labour led county council, -had announced...	0:46:37	0:46:40
-..they were consulting whether -or not to close 17 rural schools.	0:46:41	0:46:46
-That was the last thing -a Labour candidate wanted to hear.	0:46:46	0:46:50
-It was very difficult to try -and drum up any enthusiasm...	0:46:50	0:46:56
-..for the Government.	0:46:57	0:46:59
-# There's a change in the wind -and soon the dawn will break	0:47:03	0:47:10
-..and all Wales' youth... #	0:47:10	0:47:12
-As election day neared, Gwynfor -talked about the possibility...	0:47:13	0:47:17
-..of winning the seat.	0:47:17	0:47:19
-It was decided that one final rally -would be held...	0:47:19	0:47:22
-..here at the Lyric cinema -in Carmarthen.	0:47:23	0:47:25
-There was room for 1,000 people.	0:47:25	0:47:27
-Organisers feared -it would only be half full.	0:47:28	0:47:30
-But there was no need to worry.	0:47:31	0:47:33
-But there was no need to worry. - -The place was electric.	0:47:33	0:47:34
-It was packed, and I'm sure -it broke every fire regulation.	0:47:34	0:47:38
-There was a kind of -electric atmosphere there.	0:47:38	0:47:41
-You only had to start singing and -you could feel the fervour growing.	0:47:42	0:47:48
-I sang "The day I want to see, -is when Wales will be free...	0:47:48	0:47:52
-.."and everyone in the country -will be speaking Welsh".	0:47:52	0:47:56
-I sang that for the first time -in that meeting.	0:47:56	0:47:59
-One man called it a Revival.	0:48:00	0:48:03
-People left that meeting -on cloud nine.	0:48:07	0:48:11
-They felt a breakthrough -was imminent.	0:48:11	0:48:16
-I sensed, that by the final week...	0:48:16	0:48:19
-..a shift was about to take place.	0:48:20	0:48:23
-I thought we'd lose the election -but lose it to the Liberals.	0:48:23	0:48:29
-# I see the day -when Wales will be free	0:48:29	0:48:36
-# and everyone in our country -will speak Welsh #	0:48:36	0:48:43
-You could sense there was a shift -in the vote for Plaid Cymru.	0:48:45	0:48:49
-We heard this unbelievable news. -We weren't expecting it at all.	0:48:49	0:48:55
-I remember this buzz going round -that he'd won.	0:48:55	0:48:59
-We couldn't believe it.	0:48:59	0:49:01
-He'd never come close -in any other election.	0:49:02	0:49:06
-This is the result of the poll -for Carmarthen.	0:49:06	0:49:09
-You could say it was inevitable -that Gwynfor would be elected.	0:49:10	0:49:14
-Somehow, you could feel it.	0:49:15	0:49:17
-Gwilym Prys-Davies 13,743.	0:49:18	0:49:23
-The result was announced in -the early hours of the morning.	0:49:23	0:49:27
-The result itself wasn't unexpected.	0:49:27	0:49:31
-But losing to Plaid Cymru -was unexpected.	0:49:31	0:49:35
-Gwynfor Richard Evans - 16,179.	0:49:36	0:49:41
-It was unbelievable hearing, -"Gwynfor Richard Evans - 16,179".	0:49:52	0:49:57
-I'll remember that -until the day I die.	0:49:58	0:50:01
-The emotions just took over.	0:50:03	0:50:06
-I just broke down in tears -of happiness not sadness.	0:50:08	0:50:12
-When a whole crowd receives a shock, -a complete shock...	0:50:15	0:50:20
-..it's amazing.	0:50:20	0:50:22
-It was that kind of night.	0:50:22	0:50:24
-Everybody felt they were living -in a new world.	0:50:24	0:50:28
-CROWD SHOUTING "GWYNFOR!"	0:50:29	0:50:31
-A few hours later, -it dawned on me...	0:50:33	0:50:37
-..that we had possibly reached -an historic turning point.	0:50:37	0:50:43
-We were facing a brand new -and strange world.	0:50:43	0:50:49
-For those nationalists inside -and outside the Guildhall...	0:50:50	0:50:54
-..it was a momentous night.	0:50:55	0:50:57
-After decades -of political failings...	0:50:57	0:50:59
-..they were sure this was -a genuine turning point.	0:51:00	0:51:03
-Gwynfor Evans would lead his nation -out of the wilderness...	0:51:03	0:51:07
-..and into a bright new future.	0:51:07	0:51:09
-The young man who underwent -a conversion in Barry...	0:51:09	0:51:12
-..was now in his 50s, -and seen as the member for Wales.	0:51:13	0:51:16
-S4C subtitles by Red Bee Media Ltd	0:51:48	0:51:50

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