Browse content similar to 15/12/2015. Check below for episodes and series from the same categories and more!
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Tonight, we talk to the man who organised it. | :00:00. | :00:20. | |
Suffering from the cold and hot weathers and bad nights and the | :00:21. | :00:27. | |
people here who don't like us because we make a lot of mess here. | :00:28. | :00:33. | |
We have got to go and walk, and see what Europe can do for us. | :00:34. | :00:38. | |
We'll also be focussing on the cause - the war in Syria, | :00:39. | :00:43. | |
hearing from the man in charge of the US-led coalition. | :00:44. | :00:45. | |
We have really never seen anything like this before so it is a global | :00:46. | :00:51. | |
fight, it is a threat to everyone, and something we need a global | :00:52. | :00:53. | |
coalition to confront. As he continues to dominate | :00:54. | :00:54. | |
the polls, Donald Trump's They are talking about Mexican | :00:55. | :00:58. | |
rapists. FROM AUDIENCE: They're | :00:59. | :01:09. | |
talking about the wall! They can only win... | :01:10. | :01:11. | |
They're talking about the wall. I love the idea of the | :01:12. | :01:13. | |
Great Wall of Trump. The polemicist Ann Coulter explains | :01:14. | :01:16. | |
the Trump phenomenon. We've got an official astronaut | :01:17. | :01:18. | |
in space, at last. Newsnight looks back at the lost | :01:19. | :01:22. | |
history of the British Europe is keen to end the year | :01:23. | :01:24. | |
repairing its vision of a continent In the face of a migration crisis | :01:25. | :01:39. | |
and security concerns, It is to bolster | :01:40. | :01:45. | |
the external border. Or to put it another way, | :01:46. | :01:49. | |
it's about helping Greece and Italy cope with those arriving | :01:50. | :01:52. | |
on their shores with a new European Border | :01:53. | :01:55. | |
and Coast Guard. It will replace the Frontex agency | :01:56. | :01:58. | |
which is actually only Well, as the year draws to a close, | :01:59. | :02:00. | |
this programme is looking at the migration issue by catching | :02:01. | :02:06. | |
up on some of the characters whose images were beamed around | :02:07. | :02:09. | |
the continent this summer. In the second of our series - | :02:10. | :02:11. | |
the faces of the migrant crisis - Katie Razzall meets the man behind | :02:12. | :02:15. | |
an event which proved a turning point in how the migrants | :02:16. | :02:18. | |
were perceived and received. It was the moment that changed the | :02:19. | :02:49. | |
course of the refugee crisis. When was this photo taken? In a train | :02:50. | :02:56. | |
station when I was explaining to people what we have to do and how we | :02:57. | :03:02. | |
will walk. That's you? Yes, that's me. When Muhammad led a column of | :03:03. | :03:10. | |
refugees on a march across Hungary, the pictures helps define the scale | :03:11. | :03:16. | |
of the crisis facing Europe. At the start of September, with Hungary | :03:17. | :03:20. | |
cracking down on migrants, thousands were corralled for days in | :03:21. | :03:27. | |
Budapest's main train station. I get this plant that we have got to walk, | :03:28. | :03:34. | |
no one can stop us. I told them, don't be afraid, we can do a break, | :03:35. | :03:40. | |
walk today for eight hours, tomorrow eight hours, and stop every time we | :03:41. | :03:44. | |
are feeling tired. We have got to walk and we have got to not do any | :03:45. | :03:51. | |
mess. The Hungarian people will give us a lot of food and water and | :03:52. | :03:55. | |
everything, and the most important thing is that we don't mess the | :03:56. | :04:02. | |
place or the town or the street. Why did you think that? Because with the | :04:03. | :04:09. | |
cameras shooting us, the European people will see that we are walking | :04:10. | :04:15. | |
and we are doing mess. They say, these people are not good, every | :04:16. | :04:19. | |
time they eat they throw the things in the street and it is not | :04:20. | :04:24. | |
acceptable. Ever strategic, he invited TV crews to join his march. | :04:25. | :04:32. | |
I think the police or the Government cannot hurt us because we will be | :04:33. | :04:37. | |
shot on the TV. You knew about the power of television to protect you. | :04:38. | :04:46. | |
Yes, when I was at the train station I requested three channels, they | :04:47. | :04:51. | |
said, OK we will go with you. This was just days after the Syrian boy | :04:52. | :05:00. | |
washed up on a beach. The migrants' plight was making headlines. Even at | :05:01. | :05:04. | |
night, when negotiating the arrival of bosses, Mohammed made sure the | :05:05. | :05:13. | |
camera was there. I said to them don't be afraid, I am going to send | :05:14. | :05:18. | |
with you a cameraman and I will send with you also one guy, he will have | :05:19. | :05:23. | |
a car and he will follow you. Clearly a natural organiser, | :05:24. | :05:30. | |
Mohammed is still leading. Another march to take asylum seekers to the | :05:31. | :05:35. | |
local gym for a kickabout. A Syrian who used to work in Dubai and found | :05:36. | :05:40. | |
he couldn't go back home when the war started, Mohammed is now in | :05:41. | :05:43. | |
Germany. You were all over the newspapers and | :05:44. | :05:47. | |
the television in September with that march, then you disappeared | :05:48. | :05:52. | |
like everyone else to start your new life. What is your new life like? | :05:53. | :05:58. | |
Sometimes I am walking in the street, I don't feel like I am in | :05:59. | :06:02. | |
Germany, it is like a dream. The place is very nice, the people are | :06:03. | :06:08. | |
very kind. There have been demonstrations against refugees, | :06:09. | :06:12. | |
haven't there? Yes, it is happening, but it is just small people, | :06:13. | :06:18. | |
walking. Me and my friend here, they organised the walk also on Saturday. | :06:19. | :06:28. | |
It is with refugees. And do you think Germany, at some point, will | :06:29. | :06:32. | |
have to say we cannot have any more refugees? I think they will not say | :06:33. | :06:41. | |
this. Why not? I think in Germany they need more people because there | :06:42. | :06:47. | |
is a lot of people here who are really old, and maybe after ten | :06:48. | :06:51. | |
years, 20 years, a lot of houses will be empty. Germany also wants | :06:52. | :06:58. | |
people to work so I think they want more people, they want good people. | :06:59. | :07:03. | |
If you look back to your childhood, as a child would you ever have | :07:04. | :07:08. | |
thought I'm going to go to Germany? Did you know about Germany? When I | :07:09. | :07:16. | |
was a kid, I like to come to Germany because I love cars. I really like | :07:17. | :07:23. | |
BMW and Mercedes. Lots of people in Britain look at pictures of young | :07:24. | :07:27. | |
men coming from Syria as refugees fleeing war, and they say your | :07:28. | :07:32. | |
country is at war, you should be fighting for your country, you | :07:33. | :07:35. | |
should be there fighting. What would you say to that? Actually you have | :07:36. | :07:43. | |
got to ask this question, it is correct to ask this question, but | :07:44. | :07:47. | |
the answer is you don't know which one is fighting for the good. If | :07:48. | :07:52. | |
something is coming from other countries, like for example other | :07:53. | :07:56. | |
countries want to come to Syria and take Syria, and they want to kill | :07:57. | :08:02. | |
people there, we won't go out of Syria and we will fight for our | :08:03. | :08:07. | |
country. So you would have fought against another country invading? | :08:08. | :08:12. | |
Yes, but when you don't know what is the good things and bad things, | :08:13. | :08:18. | |
better to go. There, they are just killing each other. They will go to | :08:19. | :08:25. | |
the army and they will send me to kill my brother or my uncle, this is | :08:26. | :08:32. | |
not acceptable. This is why people go out of Syria, they are running | :08:33. | :08:36. | |
away from the Army. What do you think about other countries like | :08:37. | :08:41. | |
Britain bombing Syria? I agree with this, and this is the solution for | :08:42. | :08:48. | |
them. Because the people who stay in Syria, they are very weak. It is a | :08:49. | :08:54. | |
good thing that the Europeans start to do Army or such things for them. | :08:55. | :09:00. | |
You see yourself as staying in Germany for your whole life? I think | :09:01. | :09:04. | |
I would like to stay here in Germany. I would like to build my | :09:05. | :09:10. | |
future here. Working, having a house, getting married. Spending my | :09:11. | :09:16. | |
life here. I think this is a good place to build my future, it is a | :09:17. | :09:20. | |
good country and everything here is good. And what does he think of his | :09:21. | :09:29. | |
role in this historic moment in the refugee crisis? | :09:30. | :09:31. | |
Do you think you will ever do something like that again in your | :09:32. | :09:36. | |
life? I think no, it is only once in my life and I am going to tell this | :09:37. | :09:41. | |
to my children when I have a family, and they will be proud of this. | :09:42. | :09:43. | |
And you can see the third film in that series tomorrow. | :09:44. | :09:47. | |
From the consequences of a migration crisis, | :09:48. | :09:48. | |
The man in effective charge of the American led coalition | :09:49. | :10:03. | |
fighting so-called Islamic State is President Obama's Special Envoy | :10:04. | :10:05. | |
He's been in post less than two months, but was in London today. | :10:06. | :10:09. | |
A good chance to take stock on the war. | :10:10. | :10:12. | |
In many ways this is different than anything we've faced before. | :10:13. | :10:15. | |
30,000 foreign fighters from all around the world. | :10:16. | :10:18. | |
100 countries of the world, coming into Syria. | :10:19. | :10:20. | |
We have really never seen anything like this before. | :10:21. | :10:23. | |
And it is something we need a global coalition to confront. | :10:24. | :10:36. | |
Just characterise the enemy for me, if you would. | :10:37. | :10:43. | |
Do you see them as rational in any way, in their own terms? | :10:44. | :10:46. | |
There is no question about their overall ideology. | :10:47. | :10:50. | |
There is no question about, as we see them on the ground, | :10:51. | :10:52. | |
in terms of the number of suicide bombers even in just daily | :10:53. | :10:55. | |
engagements, sometimes ten to 12 suicide bombers in | :10:56. | :10:57. | |
We have had in Iraq sometimes 60 suicide bombers in a single month. | :10:58. | :11:01. | |
All the suicide bombers we assess are foreign fighters, | :11:02. | :11:03. | |
so they're coming from all around the world. | :11:04. | :11:06. | |
So people like this cannot be reasoned with and that is why | :11:07. | :11:12. | |
we are determined, as the president said, to destroy Isil. | :11:13. | :11:15. | |
Do they have, what is your best guess, do they have much support | :11:16. | :11:18. | |
on the ground among the population over whom, whose territory | :11:19. | :11:21. | |
So Ramadi, Isil pretended to be the defenders of the people | :11:22. | :11:26. | |
Eventually, when they really took over Ramadi back in May, | :11:27. | :11:30. | |
they cleansed the city of anyone that disagreed with them. | :11:31. | :11:33. | |
They tried to impose their doctrinaire, eighth | :11:34. | :11:36. | |
And now in Ramadi as Iraqi security forces have been | :11:37. | :11:40. | |
on the counterattack for two months and as Daesh is focused on the core | :11:41. | :11:44. | |
centre of the city, they have blown the last bridge, | :11:45. | :11:46. | |
basically isolating themselves in the centre of the city | :11:47. | :11:48. | |
and eventually the Iraqi security forces are confident, | :11:49. | :11:56. | |
it will take some time, we'll clear them from the centre of Ramadi. | :11:57. | :11:59. | |
But importantly, the fighters in Ramadi, based on our information, | :12:00. | :12:02. | |
you have Chechens, you have people speaking Russian, | :12:03. | :12:04. | |
you have Egyptians, you have foreign fighters from all around the world. | :12:05. | :12:06. | |
Holding human shields, the citizens of Ramadi, | :12:07. | :12:08. | |
So any notion that this barbaric terrorist group was serving some | :12:09. | :12:12. | |
sort of legitimate end has really been revealed as a total lie. | :12:13. | :12:16. | |
So the objective is clear, it is to degrade and destroy Isis, | :12:17. | :12:21. | |
it is not to contain or to contain and degrade, | :12:22. | :12:28. | |
it has absolutely moved to destroying them. | :12:29. | :12:32. | |
Everybody says, in order to achieve that goal, | :12:33. | :12:38. | |
there has to be a ground force at some point. | :12:39. | :12:40. | |
And the great mystery of this war has been who's | :12:41. | :12:43. | |
Can you throw any light on who it is going to be that | :12:44. | :12:47. | |
Well, it's different forces in different parts. | :12:48. | :12:54. | |
Let me go around the Horn, I will go clockwise. | :12:55. | :13:00. | |
So if you just take Syria and Iraq and the core, again this is not | :13:01. | :13:04. | |
just about the core, it is the networks and affiliates. | :13:05. | :13:07. | |
But it really is the core that we have to focus on, | :13:08. | :13:09. | |
To the west of the Euphrates River there is about a 98 kilometre strip | :13:10. | :13:16. | |
of border which Daesh still controls, with Turkey. | :13:17. | :13:18. | |
We are working that very aggressively with the Turks | :13:19. | :13:20. | |
And also with a group of Sunni opposition forces near the town | :13:21. | :13:24. | |
of Mara, which we call the Mara line, to begin pushing | :13:25. | :13:27. | |
But I will say the Russian air campaign has made | :13:28. | :13:31. | |
The Russians say they are attacking Daesh, and they are in some | :13:32. | :13:35. | |
respects, but they're also attacking moderate opposition forces | :13:36. | :13:37. | |
So the Russians have made that particular terrain a little | :13:38. | :13:41. | |
So in that part, Sunni Arab opposition forces. | :13:42. | :13:44. | |
East of the Euphrates, the entire border region with Turkey | :13:45. | :13:46. | |
It is Syrian Kurds and also increasingly Arabs and Christians, | :13:47. | :13:51. | |
which we are prepared to work with to push down and isolate Raqqa. | :13:52. | :13:55. | |
Those forces are actually having some real success. | :13:56. | :13:57. | |
Over to the east near the Iraqi border they have now cleared | :13:58. | :13:59. | |
an operation in just the last three weeks, | :14:00. | :14:01. | |
1000 square kilometres of very critical terrain. | :14:02. | :14:33. | |
We hope to continue and advance this process and eventually begin to | :14:34. | :14:40. | |
de-escalate the conflict between the opposition and the regime. 70,000 | :14:41. | :14:50. | |
would-be above your own estimate? I think it is with -- within our own | :14:51. | :15:04. | |
estimate. We cannot get to a ceasefire unless we have a very | :15:05. | :15:07. | |
credible political process, but that will free up an awful lot of force | :15:08. | :15:12. | |
to focus on extremist groups. Special envoy Brett McGurk, thank | :15:13. | :15:13. | |
you. The last official inflation figure | :15:14. | :15:15. | |
to be published this year was released this morning, | :15:16. | :15:17. | |
and continued the extraordinary pattern that's been | :15:18. | :15:19. | |
with us through 2015. Not deflation, but not | :15:20. | :15:21. | |
really inflation either. This year of no-flation | :15:22. | :15:28. | |
is another of those massive To think that two years ago, | :15:29. | :15:31. | |
Bank of England economists were expecting inflation now | :15:32. | :15:35. | |
to be at the target 2%. We'll be looking back and looking | :15:36. | :15:40. | |
ahead with two commentators in a moment, but first | :15:41. | :15:47. | |
think about this year. As a measure of what a special year | :15:48. | :15:50. | |
this has been, just have a look That flat bit at the end, | :15:51. | :15:54. | |
that's inflation This is how far you have to go back | :15:55. | :16:02. | |
to get to a comparable period. Yes, all the way back to 1960, | :16:03. | :16:14. | |
when Harold Macmillan was Prime Minister, so long ago | :16:15. | :16:17. | |
no-one had even heard Now there is another way this year | :16:18. | :16:19. | |
has been interesting. 2015 saw the end of the long great | :16:20. | :16:38. | |
squeeze. Post-crash, we've had the longest | :16:39. | :16:38. | |
fall in average wages that Inflation - the red line, | :16:39. | :16:40. | |
was above pay rises - the blue one, leaving | :16:41. | :16:44. | |
ordinary people worse off. Years in which companies have had it | :16:45. | :16:51. | |
easy, profits have been high and workers have | :16:52. | :17:04. | |
suffered, has shifted. Not from higher wages note, | :17:05. | :17:07. | |
but from lower inflation. Well, inflation probably can't | :17:08. | :17:10. | |
stay as low as it is, as oil prices can't | :17:11. | :17:16. | |
keep falling as much as they have. tomorrow and we could follow | :17:17. | :17:19. | |
in the next 18 months. New hazards may come along, | :17:20. | :17:24. | |
but at least at last, we've had the first proper | :17:25. | :17:26. | |
respite since the crash. Well, joining me now to chew over | :17:27. | :17:32. | |
all of this are George Magnus, the economist and writer, | :17:33. | :17:35. | |
and Rain Newton-Smith who is the head of | :17:36. | :17:37. | |
economics for the CBI. Welcome. George, this year is | :17:38. | :17:50. | |
interesting, did you see it coming. The has has performed this year was | :17:51. | :17:59. | |
pretty double. -- predictable. The alp turned is not bad. -- out turn. | :18:00. | :18:09. | |
Low inflation also was not a surprise, what we did not see was a | :18:10. | :18:13. | |
further drop in oil prices which has just begun. The scorecard for the | :18:14. | :18:20. | |
year probably better than you could have hoped for. Rain, has it been | :18:21. | :18:28. | |
OK, for business, our businesses seeing profits squeezed with low | :18:29. | :18:33. | |
prices or do they love the low oil prices. If you talk to businesses as | :18:34. | :18:39. | |
a whole they see the UK as one of the bright lights in the global | :18:40. | :18:43. | |
economy this year and in the next couple of years, driven by the twin | :18:44. | :18:47. | |
engines of consumption and investment. One of the things that | :18:48. | :18:51. | |
struck me talking to businesses for the past six months is how resilient | :18:52. | :18:58. | |
the recovery is. It is more related to the sector you're in how you feel | :18:59. | :19:02. | |
about that and party that is how oil prices affect businesses and the | :19:03. | :19:09. | |
exchange rate. Living standards were a big thing this year, years of | :19:10. | :19:13. | |
unpleasantness for working households on average, that turned. | :19:14. | :19:22. | |
Can that continue. Of course economic slipknot known as the | :19:23. | :19:24. | |
dismal science for nothing. It would be churlish not to sound a little | :19:25. | :19:31. | |
note of caution for the year ahead. Everyone has their own favourite | :19:32. | :19:35. | |
issues they worry about. The three things I worry about in the UK, | :19:36. | :19:41. | |
productivity, which has started to turn after years of terrible | :19:42. | :19:45. | |
performance. The hourly output. Exactly. The efficiency of labour. | :19:46. | :19:52. | |
We have got to be, we hopefully can be confident that will keep going. | :19:53. | :19:57. | |
If not then the real incomes you pointed out in your package will | :19:58. | :20:02. | |
start to go in the other direction. Secondly is investment, although | :20:03. | :20:07. | |
that has picked up, the rate of investment in the UK is still many | :20:08. | :20:11. | |
percentage points of GDP lower than ten or 15 years ago. And third, the | :20:12. | :20:17. | |
corrosive impact of inter-generational inequality. The | :20:18. | :20:22. | |
difference between the way in which older citizens have made out during | :20:23. | :20:26. | |
the last few years and younger people. Young people really in terms | :20:27. | :20:32. | |
of income, housing, affordability, education, they have been screwed. | :20:33. | :20:38. | |
That is a terrible condition, it is corrosive. I think it should be a | :20:39. | :20:46. | |
big issue for the government. Do you agree with that. I think over the | :20:47. | :20:52. | |
longer term there is a concern about some intergenerational shifts we're | :20:53. | :20:59. | |
seeing at the moment. In a way the key to improved living standards in | :21:00. | :21:04. | |
the long term is productivity as George said. On that we are seeing | :21:05. | :21:08. | |
encouraging signs, economists have got it wrong before so we do need to | :21:09. | :21:14. | |
have some humility. But I think we expect business investment to | :21:15. | :21:16. | |
contribute around one third of growth in the next couple of years | :21:17. | :21:20. | |
and that should help productivity now and in the future. And there was | :21:21. | :21:24. | |
room for upward expansion in productivity, it is an opportunity | :21:25. | :21:30. | |
as well as a problem. Well we can ask where this goes now because | :21:31. | :21:36. | |
interest rate, tomorrow the US will make the decision. Expect patient is | :21:37. | :21:41. | |
they will move. What do you expect for the UK. Things have changed a | :21:42. | :21:49. | |
lot. Mark Carney said earlier this year he thought the situation would | :21:50. | :21:54. | |
become clear by the end of the year and he said today it is not clear! | :21:55. | :21:59. | |
So the consensus seems to be interest rates in the UK will not | :22:00. | :22:06. | |
move until the end of 2016 or even to those on they may go earlier, by | :22:07. | :22:11. | |
the middle of the year I think we will have the first rise in rates. | :22:12. | :22:17. | |
Well we are at the point at which there is no inflation. We do not | :22:18. | :22:24. | |
want to make the mistake of looking at inflation now and making a | :22:25. | :22:27. | |
decision on policy based on that, we need to look to the future and when | :22:28. | :22:30. | |
we talk to businesses they speak about skill shortages and how | :22:31. | :22:35. | |
difficult it is to find the right people to expand their business. I | :22:36. | :22:42. | |
think that is why all eyes are on the labour market and whether we | :22:43. | :22:45. | |
could see page picking up more strongly than expected. What is the | :22:46. | :22:51. | |
CBI predicting for growth next year. 2.5%. Sort of average. It is a lot | :22:52. | :23:00. | |
of consensus around the UK economy but there is a lot of fragility as | :23:01. | :23:05. | |
well and concerns around some global risks. But also whether some | :23:06. | :23:10. | |
headwinds could have more of an impact on investment than we | :23:11. | :23:11. | |
currently expect. In less than two hours, | :23:12. | :23:14. | |
Donald Trump will take part in the latest US Republican | :23:15. | :23:16. | |
Presidential TV debate in Las Vegas. Other candidates will of course be | :23:17. | :23:19. | |
there, but in truth, the debate in the Republican party | :23:20. | :23:22. | |
is mainly about Mr Trump. He continues to flourish | :23:23. | :23:25. | |
in the polls, notwithstanding his controversial proposal that foreign | :23:26. | :23:28. | |
Muslims should be barred He is not the bookies' favourite | :23:29. | :23:30. | |
to be next president, One of his supporters, possibly even | :23:31. | :23:35. | |
one of his inspirations, is the right wing polemicist | :23:36. | :23:41. | |
and best-selling author Ann Coulter. She introduced Trump, | :23:42. | :23:43. | |
and praised his stance on immigration, at a campaign | :23:44. | :23:46. | |
rally in Iowa in August. Since Donald Trump has announced | :23:47. | :23:50. | |
he's running for president, I can't believe I turn on TV, | :23:51. | :23:54. | |
he's on prime time TV every night about anchor babies, | :23:55. | :24:00. | |
they're talking about sanctuary cities, they're talking | :24:01. | :24:03. | |
about Mexican rapists. FROM AUDIENCE: They're | :24:04. | :24:06. | |
talking about the wall! They can only win... | :24:07. | :24:08. | |
They're talking about the wall. I love the idea of the | :24:09. | :24:11. | |
Great Wall of Trump. Well, Ann Coulter joins | :24:12. | :24:18. | |
us now from Las Vegas, where that debate | :24:19. | :24:20. | |
is soon to be held. Is it correct that Donald Trump took | :24:21. | :24:26. | |
some inspiration from you, Is it correct that Donald Trump took | :24:27. | :24:33. | |
talked about Mexican rapists before he talked about them. I have tried | :24:34. | :24:40. | |
to push the immigration issue on a lot of Republican candidates. A few | :24:41. | :24:45. | |
in particular I had long conversations with. And sent | :24:46. | :24:51. | |
advanced copies of my book adios America too. Donald Trump saw me in | :24:52. | :24:57. | |
an interview one week before my book came out, I was on the way to the | :24:58. | :25:03. | |
airport in Miami and got an e-mail from him asking for an advanced copy | :25:04. | :25:09. | |
of my book. My book has a lot of startling facts in it and is | :25:10. | :25:14. | |
carefully documented. I think it is the first time there was a lot of | :25:15. | :25:17. | |
discussion about a lot of the criminal cultures and launched my | :25:18. | :25:21. | |
country and the country just has no unity to that. -- immunity. We are | :25:22. | :25:29. | |
used to criminals being dumb and living there DNA all over the place. | :25:30. | :25:34. | |
A lot of people come into the country have a lot of criminal | :25:35. | :25:38. | |
habits, massive insurance frauds, and we have no immunity to that. | :25:39. | :25:45. | |
Have you had contact with European counterparts who think in a similar | :25:46. | :25:48. | |
way to you, the National front in France for example, are you talking | :25:49. | :25:52. | |
to these guys or in completely separate worlds. I guess I wish you | :25:53. | :26:00. | |
the best, I used to like to go on vacation there but I am American and | :26:01. | :26:04. | |
care about America. As we are finding out, so do a lot of | :26:05. | :26:11. | |
Americans. I want to talk to the language and tone of the campaign. | :26:12. | :26:15. | |
You have used words referring to Muslims or people of Arab descent, | :26:16. | :26:21. | |
rag headed camel jockey, is that right. It was a joke and a funny | :26:22. | :26:29. | |
joke and people did laugh. You have to give the full context of my | :26:30. | :26:32. | |
remarks. It is interesting, Donald Trump I do not think is used these | :26:33. | :26:38. | |
kind of terms. He has steered clear, why do you think he does not use | :26:39. | :26:45. | |
that language? I think you're wrong, I think we used similar language and | :26:46. | :26:48. | |
get attacked in the same way which is completely lifting little | :26:49. | :26:55. | |
snippets out and acting as if it was said with earnest anger which is why | :26:56. | :27:00. | |
two weeks after Donald Trump announced I brought some Hollywood | :27:01. | :27:05. | |
friends speaking out to group in LA and they were sceptical of him. They | :27:06. | :27:08. | |
walked out of the room saying that they laughed more than they do at | :27:09. | :27:12. | |
comedy clubs. He is extremely funny and when you see these clips of him, | :27:13. | :27:19. | |
or of me, where you cut off the point, cut off the job, it is just | :27:20. | :27:24. | |
one of the many ways that the media lies. I think in much of western | :27:25. | :27:29. | |
society people would avoid making jokes using racially disparaging | :27:30. | :27:35. | |
words. I wonder if you think it is acceptable or would be helpful to | :27:36. | :27:38. | |
the Donald Trump campaign if he started to use racist language more | :27:39. | :27:43. | |
overtly. I do not use racist language. You have to go back to a | :27:44. | :27:51. | |
speech from 2006 and take two words from a joke, a joke about political | :27:52. | :27:57. | |
correctness. And things going on in the world at that time. 10,000 | :27:58. | :28:02. | |
people in the room laughed, that is funny. What Donald Trump is doing is | :28:03. | :28:07. | |
not, the big issue of the campaign is immigration. A lot of that has to | :28:08. | :28:12. | |
do with this always being the pushback. We try to speak about what | :28:13. | :28:18. | |
is good for the country and the only response is to hear epithets, you | :28:19. | :28:24. | |
are racist, you are a bigot. He is challenging that as well, that PC | :28:25. | :28:30. | |
regime that people are fed up with. I'm getting a slightly different | :28:31. | :28:33. | |
point, whether the tone that you adopt and which I think he has been | :28:34. | :28:38. | |
less adopting off, whether that tone is helpful to the cause you're | :28:39. | :28:42. | |
trying to promote. Whether for example using terms that disparage | :28:43. | :28:48. | |
people weren't that are rather coarse in the way you characterise | :28:49. | :28:55. | |
people, it is whether that makes those people better American | :28:56. | :28:58. | |
citizens and better disposed to you and less happy to think of you | :28:59. | :29:02. | |
getting killed in a terrorist outrage. It is whether these things | :29:03. | :29:06. | |
work or not. I call it funny. The New York Times euphemism for funny | :29:07. | :29:13. | |
is Softworks. Other people find it funny and it is a good way to get | :29:14. | :29:19. | |
the message across. People do listen to me and of course, Winston | :29:20. | :29:25. | |
Churchill gave speeches, of course he was self promoting, that is how | :29:26. | :29:30. | |
you get heard. And to be nit-picking a joke from eight years ago, it | :29:31. | :29:35. | |
shows you the pushback whenever we try to talk about immigration which | :29:36. | :29:40. | |
is driving down wages. Every one of your topics tonight, it is a | :29:41. | :29:43. | |
question of immigration. Dumping more and more poor and needy people, | :29:44. | :29:49. | |
demanding people, on the country, who sometimes flip up and commit | :29:50. | :29:53. | |
mass murder. But we cannot talk about that. I have not said you | :29:54. | :30:01. | |
cannot talk about immigration. We are talking about my language. That | :30:02. | :30:05. | |
was the languished you used, not immigration. One thing I do not | :30:06. | :30:11. | |
understand about Donald Trump, what he says about his daughter. Yes, | :30:12. | :30:17. | |
she's really something, what a beauty. If I were not happily | :30:18. | :30:21. | |
married and did not know her father... Or perhaps I would be | :30:22. | :30:28. | |
dating her. And a reference to her in Playboy magazine. What is he | :30:29. | :30:31. | |
talking about? He's just being funny that he has an | :30:32. | :30:47. | |
attractive daughter. He is famous for dating models, it is | :30:48. | :30:50. | |
self-deprecating. He is saying I have a beautiful daughter, a lot of | :30:51. | :30:55. | |
fathers say that about their daughters. You are against gay | :30:56. | :31:04. | |
marriage. What's worse, two men getting married or a 69-year-old | :31:05. | :31:10. | |
talking about dating his daughter, which is more creepy? I thought we | :31:11. | :31:19. | |
got our sense of humour from the British! He says his daughter is | :31:20. | :31:26. | |
pretty, and again we are nit-picking a joke rather than discussing the | :31:27. | :31:30. | |
important issues of the day, which is that Donald Trump is soaring in | :31:31. | :31:36. | |
the polls because he is the only one talking about immigration, something | :31:37. | :31:40. | |
American people have been asking for for 40 years. After this debate | :31:41. | :31:44. | |
there will be no one else on stage and Donald Tripp will have to start | :31:45. | :31:48. | |
doing card tricks or something because they will be wiped out. | :31:49. | :31:50. | |
Thank you. You probably didn't know | :31:51. | :31:51. | |
there was such a thing as a digital age of consent, so it can only be | :31:52. | :31:54. | |
a surprise a proposal is afoot The most striking consequence | :31:55. | :31:58. | |
would be that no one would be able to process data of an under | :31:59. | :32:12. | |
16-year-old So young teens would not be able | :32:13. | :32:13. | |
to go on social media Which raises the question - | :32:14. | :32:17. | |
is social media a healthy pastime Joining me now from Dublin | :32:18. | :32:21. | |
are Mary Aiken, a cyber psychologist and adviser to the UN on this issue, | :32:22. | :32:30. | |
and vlogger Lex Croucher. Mary, what do you think is the | :32:31. | :32:43. | |
problem with 13, 14, 15-year-olds unregulated by adults going into | :32:44. | :32:48. | |
social media sites? The issue we are talking about at the moment, the | :32:49. | :32:53. | |
current guidelines centre on those who are under 13. What we know in | :32:54. | :33:00. | |
terms of studies is that 39% of 9-12 -year-olds have social media | :33:01. | :33:03. | |
accounts. Clearly the current guidelines are not being adhered to. | :33:04. | :33:08. | |
This is another step forward in terms of data protection, where the | :33:09. | :33:14. | |
EU is proposing to adjust that age to 16, which effectively means | :33:15. | :33:19. | |
15-year-olds and under. Take me through what some of the | :33:20. | :33:22. | |
psychological problems are with those 15-year-olds being on Facebook | :33:23. | :33:28. | |
chatting to each other and whatever. I think chatting on Facebook doesn't | :33:29. | :33:33. | |
cause psychological problems, I think the issue is about periods of | :33:34. | :33:37. | |
development. For example, if you take a young child who is eight or | :33:38. | :33:44. | |
nine and develops a large network, really are they developmentally | :33:45. | :33:48. | |
mature enough to be able to cope with huge numbers of friends, | :33:49. | :33:54. | |
whether they are eight, nine, ten or 11, and particularly prior to | :33:55. | :33:58. | |
fundamental development periods such as Ericsson 's identity formation, | :33:59. | :34:04. | |
which happens between nine, ten, 11, 12, 13. There's a recommended number | :34:05. | :34:13. | |
in cyber psychology, for relationships it is actually 150. As | :34:14. | :34:19. | |
humans, once we build networks beyond that number, we begin to | :34:20. | :34:23. | |
suffer from social stress and exhaustion. Can you imagine the | :34:24. | :34:29. | |
burden for very young children with thousands of connections? Lex, how | :34:30. | :34:40. | |
many Facebook friends do you have? Not that many, only about 300. Do | :34:41. | :34:46. | |
you recognise any of this problem Mary was describing? I think when we | :34:47. | :34:52. | |
are talking about 9-12 -year-olds, that's a bit of a different issue | :34:53. | :34:57. | |
but I also see different changes coming about. I find that people who | :34:58. | :35:03. | |
have similar interests may be made friends they wouldn't be able to on | :35:04. | :35:09. | |
the Internet. So you can find niche groups. You are in your 20s now and | :35:10. | :35:15. | |
you started at what age? I was on social media forums from the age of | :35:16. | :35:20. | |
about 14. So you would have been affected by the raising of the age. | :35:21. | :35:25. | |
Mary, take me through what it goes to somebody in a state of | :35:26. | :35:30. | |
development, the harm it can do to them. What harm can come to someone | :35:31. | :35:38. | |
who is 14 or 15, and has created an avatar online and they are out there | :35:39. | :35:45. | |
being that person? It is an interesting construct. As a | :35:46. | :35:49. | |
behavioural scientist, this is an area we study. I think behavioural | :35:50. | :35:54. | |
scientists are lagging behind in terms of being able to advise | :35:55. | :35:59. | |
caregivers in relation to these issues. For example, if a child | :36:00. | :36:03. | |
creates an idealised version of themselves on a social media site, | :36:04. | :36:09. | |
which is a highly manipulated self, I mean physically manipulated, | :36:10. | :36:14. | |
better skin, more shiny hair, stretched to be five pounds lighter, | :36:15. | :36:18. | |
that virtual self may be increasingly distant from the | :36:19. | :36:27. | |
real-world self which can lead to psychological conflict, | :36:28. | :36:28. | |
hypothetically. I conduct research in this area, we are looking at | :36:29. | :36:35. | |
these transitions over time. In ten years we will be able to tell you | :36:36. | :36:39. | |
the impact of spending that amount of time on social media for children | :36:40. | :36:44. | |
at certain ages, but we would recommend that we don't have to wait | :36:45. | :36:48. | |
for the longitudinal studies and we pay attention to the issues now. | :36:49. | :36:56. | |
That's interesting, that there is a gulf between the online self and | :36:57. | :37:01. | |
your real self, is that true of you, do you think? Were you jealous of | :37:02. | :37:06. | |
others with clean skin and fewer spots online? It was a different | :37:07. | :37:11. | |
culture from the ten years ago, so these issues might be more prevalent | :37:12. | :37:15. | |
now. I just felt I made more connections with people, I found | :37:16. | :37:19. | |
friends online that I couldn't interact with in person so for me it | :37:20. | :37:23. | |
was positive experience but the culture is changing. Do you agree | :37:24. | :37:28. | |
with changing the age and saying you have got to have parental consent? I | :37:29. | :37:33. | |
just cannot see how it would be enforced. Would you advise parents, | :37:34. | :37:41. | |
Mary, to say yes to their 14-year-old who says can I go on | :37:42. | :37:48. | |
Facebook? If the law stipulated that they should be 16, I would never | :37:49. | :37:55. | |
advise a parent... But that law would state with parental permission | :37:56. | :37:58. | |
you could go on. What an adult into that space that is at the moment not | :37:59. | :38:07. | |
governed with an authority figure. I think it depends on the child. | :38:08. | :38:11. | |
Parents are best placed to decide how their child should proceed on a | :38:12. | :38:16. | |
particular platform, but I would also question, how much do parents | :38:17. | :38:20. | |
really know about what their children are doing online? When an | :38:21. | :38:25. | |
app is developed to allow a minor to take an explicit image and send it | :38:26. | :38:30. | |
and the image dissolves, now you are into an ethical and moral issue. We | :38:31. | :38:35. | |
have just had a case in Colorado where a group of young people were | :38:36. | :38:39. | |
using ghost apps which effectively can look like a screen calculator, | :38:40. | :38:47. | |
with collections of images which they were sharing, and parents had | :38:48. | :38:54. | |
no idea. Mary, we do need to stop now. I know there are many parents | :38:55. | :39:00. | |
desperate for advice of the kind you can give. Thank you to you both. | :39:01. | :39:04. | |
There is no doubt what has been the top story of the day | :39:05. | :39:08. | |
British man gets to space, without having to emigrate | :39:09. | :39:11. | |
Well done to flight engineer Tim Peake who arrived at the door | :39:12. | :39:15. | |
of the space station at half past five and who had to wait another two | :39:16. | :39:18. | |
Well done to flight engineer Tim Peake who arrived at the door | :39:19. | :39:22. | |
of the space station at half past five and who had to wait another two | :39:23. | :39:26. | |
It's like the immigration queue at JFK. | :39:27. | :39:29. | |
Tim Peake is described as the first "official" British astronaut, | :39:30. | :39:31. | |
but don't let that mislead you - Britain is not a newcomer | :39:32. | :39:34. | |
to the space race, though many schemes have sadly | :39:35. | :39:37. | |
Talking of which, here's Stephen Smith. | :39:38. | :39:39. | |
Perhaps to Tim Peake's surprise, he is on the left here, | :39:40. | :39:42. | |
and certainly to ours, Britain has found herself | :39:43. | :39:44. | |
involved in a bone fide space launch today. | :39:45. | :39:48. | |
You might never guess at the heartache and manly tears | :39:49. | :39:54. | |
witnessed in lonely corners of our island as the unsung British | :39:55. | :39:57. | |
space programme struggled for liftoff. | :39:58. | :40:03. | |
My name is Doug Millard and I am the space | :40:04. | :40:05. | |
The secret history goes right the way back to | :40:06. | :40:17. | |
We had a rocket called Skylark and that was one of the first | :40:18. | :40:23. | |
Way back in something called the international geophysical year. | :40:24. | :40:29. | |
The rocket downstairs, that was built on | :40:30. | :40:31. | |
At least it was tested on the Isle of Wight. | :40:32. | :40:37. | |
Black Arrow launched a British satellite in 1971. | :40:38. | :40:45. | |
The Americans launched their rocket from Cape Canaveral, | :40:46. | :40:50. | |
Multicoloured sand and chalet bungalows. | :40:51. | :41:08. | |
There is a glorious juxtaposition, so you have | :41:09. | :41:17. | |
a satellite manufacturing centre in Stevenage. | :41:18. | :41:18. | |
You have smaller satellites being put together in Guildford. | :41:19. | :41:20. | |
There is a bit of a spacecraft that landed on Titan, | :41:21. | :41:23. | |
Saturn's largest moon, it is about the size of a pencil | :41:24. | :41:30. | |
and that was built, well they started building it | :41:31. | :41:34. | |
in Canterbury and then they moved up to Milton Keynes. | :41:35. | :41:36. | |
The first bit of that spacecraft to hit Titan was made in England. | :41:37. | :41:40. | |
Is that the nose cone or is that the foot? | :41:41. | :41:42. | |
So it is a little thing about the size of a pen. | :41:43. | :41:51. | |
And it actually went kind of crzsssh. | :41:52. | :42:02. | |
Tim Peake arrives on the International Space Station | :42:03. | :42:03. | |
Even though he has put years of British | :42:04. | :42:12. | |
underachievement in space behind him, some things never change. | :42:13. | :42:15. | |
With classic English reserve, the astronaut keeps his feet | :42:16. | :42:17. | |
I think you would call today a spectacular day in the office. | :42:18. | :42:35. | |
You may remember the story of Lonesome George. | :42:36. | :42:44. | |
He was the century-old tortoise left wandering alone for decades | :42:45. | :42:47. | |
after all of the other Pinta Island tortoises died out. | :42:48. | :42:49. | |
His death in 2012 was thought to be the end of his species. | :42:50. | :42:52. | |
An expedition in the Galapagos Islands has discovered | :42:53. | :42:57. | |
what scientists believes are some of his blood | :42:58. | :42:59. | |
With careful breeding, they're hoping they can | :43:00. | :43:01. | |
So, we thought we'd leave you with some of George's best bits. | :43:02. | :43:07. | |
# I hope I live to relive the days gone by. | :43:08. | :43:26. | |
# Well tonight I'm gonna live for today. | :43:27. | :43:35. |