Browse content similar to 26/01/2016. Check below for episodes and series from the same categories and more!
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Nations apparently ready to trample over treaties in their struggle | :00:00. | :00:00. | |
And, at the heart of it, Germany divided. | :00:07. | :00:12. | |
Fingers are being pointed at Greece - again. | :00:13. | :00:20. | |
I expect from spring on the figures will go up again and we will be | :00:21. | :00:26. | |
facing two million and I think this is not an option, not even for Mrs | :00:27. | :00:29. | |
Merkel. Fingers are being pointed | :00:30. | :00:33. | |
at Greece - again. Could it be kicked out | :00:34. | :00:34. | |
of the borderless Schengen zone? We'll hear the response | :00:35. | :00:37. | |
of the Greek Migration Minister. A new worry about the zika virus | :00:38. | :00:39. | |
that harms the unborn. We'll hear from a researcher | :00:40. | :00:42. | |
into insect-borne disease who says And, Apple - how can they revive | :00:43. | :00:47. | |
their plateauing iphone sales? They've started talking about what | :00:48. | :01:04. | |
he called switch, people came on board with an android phone and | :01:05. | :01:07. | |
switched over. In one respect Europe can be proud - | :01:08. | :01:12. | |
it's a continent so pleasant, that a lot of people | :01:13. | :01:16. | |
want to live in it. 45,000 people have arrived | :01:17. | :01:19. | |
in Greece this year. What the continent cannot be proud | :01:20. | :01:21. | |
of is the shambolic response European Interior Ministers met | :01:22. | :01:24. | |
in Amsterdam yesterday, with proposals that potentially chip | :01:25. | :01:31. | |
away at the Schengen Treaty, creating a borderless | :01:32. | :01:35. | |
zone of 26 countries. Now, amazingly, the same two | :01:36. | :01:37. | |
countries at the centre of the euro crisis last summer, | :01:38. | :01:43. | |
are at the centre of this one. Greece is blamed for not enforcing | :01:44. | :01:46. | |
the external EU border. But Germany is doing | :01:47. | :01:50. | |
some of the blaming, as well as agonising over the wisdom | :01:51. | :01:55. | |
of its open door policy. Daily, twice an hour, | :01:56. | :01:58. | |
the police assemble And it is here in the cold | :01:59. | :02:20. | |
of a Bavarian winter, the multitudes step out | :02:21. | :02:27. | |
into their promised land. Among those being registered, | :02:28. | :02:42. | |
the Ahools from Aleppo. Two sisters, their brother, | :02:43. | :02:46. | |
and five children under eight. They have braved the sea from Greece | :02:47. | :02:51. | |
and the frozen Balkans. Here the single men also | :02:52. | :03:00. | |
are separated from groups and hidden This winter was meant to be | :03:01. | :03:10. | |
a time when the numbers Our area in Rosenheim, | :03:11. | :03:17. | |
yesterday we had 900 refugees. But we could say the last weeks, | :03:18. | :03:30. | |
up from 1000, to 2000 per day. Add those reaching other centres | :03:31. | :03:40. | |
in Bavaria, and officials told us it At that rate, Germany will break | :03:41. | :03:43. | |
last year's total of 1.1 million A few men were separated, | :03:44. | :03:52. | |
papers suggested they had already While others went on to refugee | :03:53. | :04:00. | |
hostels and the unlucky few were taken off for | :04:01. | :04:19. | |
probable deportation. In the vastness of the Bavarian | :04:20. | :04:20. | |
mountains certain things are becoming chillingly | :04:21. | :04:22. | |
clear for Germany. Notably the failure | :04:23. | :04:28. | |
to reach European solutions and the implications | :04:29. | :04:30. | |
for this country. In this remote resort, | :04:31. | :04:34. | |
Wildbad Kreuth, the CSU, the Bavarian branch | :04:35. | :04:38. | |
of Angela Merkel's party, And they were in a state of revolt | :04:39. | :04:39. | |
over their leader's So we need a quick solution | :04:40. | :04:49. | |
and a quick solution means that we have to consider border | :04:50. | :04:53. | |
controls at national level, that we have to recheck immigrants | :04:54. | :04:55. | |
that come to Bavaria in a very high And we want to make clear that this | :04:56. | :05:01. | |
is just not manageable. How long has it got, | :05:02. | :05:13. | |
do you think, before Germany imposes full border controls and takes | :05:14. | :05:15. | |
matters into its own hand? I think it is a question of days | :05:16. | :05:19. | |
or weeks, but not months. A German unilateral solution | :05:20. | :05:27. | |
with untold consequences In an attempt to staunch more | :05:28. | :05:36. | |
trouble, Mrs Merkel came to Kreuth. Her emphasis, even now, | :05:37. | :05:54. | |
is one of joint solutions But the record so far, | :05:55. | :05:57. | |
and actions of neighbours in taking unilateral steps, suggests Germany | :05:58. | :06:00. | |
is reaching a moment of decision. Frankly, I do not really see | :06:01. | :06:03. | |
the signals in Brussels now. Facts are being created | :06:04. | :06:05. | |
on the ground, we're seeing Austria Potentially then closing | :06:06. | :06:10. | |
its borders. Because that is what | :06:11. | :06:13. | |
it implicitly means. So she certainly is seriously | :06:14. | :06:15. | |
running out of time. Hundreds of miles to the north, | :06:16. | :06:23. | |
the Bavarian situation is making In an attempt to ease the tensions, | :06:24. | :06:29. | |
several Berlin museums have signed up to a programme, | :06:30. | :06:34. | |
using refugees as guides. Educating both the Arab-speaking | :06:35. | :06:41. | |
new arrivals and German visitors. Salma Jreige came 18 | :06:42. | :06:46. | |
months ago from Syria. She's hoping Chancellor Merkel | :06:47. | :06:50. | |
doesn't abandon her asylum policy. Even though she has a lot | :06:51. | :06:55. | |
of opponents right now who don't agree with this precise | :06:56. | :07:02. | |
policy with refugees, but she's carrying on and at | :07:03. | :07:03. | |
the same time there are a lot of people who are encouraging her | :07:04. | :07:07. | |
and the people, the refugees themselves, really appreciate this | :07:08. | :07:10. | |
because they're sensing that Germany is giving them more opportunities | :07:11. | :07:13. | |
than other European countries are. So I say carry on and | :07:14. | :07:21. | |
as in Arabic we say.. But in Berlin, and elsewhere, | :07:22. | :07:24. | |
the new year's events in Cologne In the district of Landshut | :07:25. | :07:28. | |
in Bavaria the local mayor has He recently packed a bus full | :07:29. | :07:39. | |
of refugees off to Berlin because he said there's | :07:40. | :07:46. | |
no more room here. With dozens more arriving each week, | :07:47. | :07:48. | |
the mayor says he fears social Mr Dreier directed us to this place, | :07:49. | :07:51. | |
one of several centres for hundreds So, back in October they ran out | :07:52. | :08:24. | |
of space in proper hostels and they've just had to open places | :08:25. | :08:39. | |
like this up one after the other, disused retail warehouses, | :08:40. | :08:43. | |
a school's being considered in another case and they've had 180 | :08:44. | :08:45. | |
people in here since October. Cooped up here for months, | :08:46. | :08:50. | |
little wonder boredom People told us they didn't feel | :08:51. | :08:52. | |
safe, that there were frequent fights between different | :08:53. | :08:57. | |
sectarian groups. Families, meanwhile, | :08:58. | :09:03. | |
tried to maintain some semblance And here, too, we found even | :09:04. | :09:06. | |
Syrian refugees urging the German Government | :09:07. | :09:17. | |
to find a plan B. This is one of hundreds of temporary | :09:18. | :09:52. | |
refuges across Germany and with 3,000-plus new arrivals | :09:53. | :09:55. | |
daily, even Merkel loyalists I expect that from spring | :09:56. | :10:02. | |
on the figures will go up again and then we will be facing two | :10:03. | :10:09. | |
million and I think this is not Plan B would be much more popular, | :10:10. | :10:12. | |
which would be really to reject I know also that we are capable | :10:13. | :10:24. | |
of doing it because the federal police and the army would be capable | :10:25. | :10:28. | |
to secure the border. And they would just | :10:29. | :10:31. | |
have to be triggered. The German Government still hopes | :10:32. | :10:41. | |
to push its neighbours into doing more but in Bavaria a clear | :10:42. | :10:43. | |
picture is emerging. People are still arriving in numbers | :10:44. | :10:49. | |
that local authorities It's a situation fraught with risk | :10:50. | :10:50. | |
for the European project Joining me now from Brussels | :10:51. | :10:56. | |
is the German MEP Elmar Brok, a firm supporter of Angela Merkel | :10:57. | :11:11. | |
and the Chairman of the European Parliament Committee | :11:12. | :11:14. | |
on Foreign Affairs. Evening to you. I don't know if you | :11:15. | :11:20. | |
listened to that. If the rest of Europe doesn't join Germany in | :11:21. | :11:23. | |
trying to shoulder the number of people coming in, do you think | :11:24. | :11:27. | |
Germany can go on receiving this number? Germany does not want to go | :11:28. | :11:39. | |
on, Mrs Merkel doesn't want to go on. We have to look into | :11:40. | :11:42. | |
possibilities people stay home, finish the war in Syria and Iraq, | :11:43. | :11:47. | |
have an agreement with Turkey, have better Turkey border controls, build | :11:48. | :11:55. | |
hot spots in Greece and Greece should take responsibilities so less | :11:56. | :11:59. | |
refugees come, people can stay at home or in their camps there, have | :12:00. | :12:03. | |
to give more European support after the war they can go back and only | :12:04. | :12:08. | |
people come to Europe that will have the right to come because they're | :12:09. | :12:13. | |
running away from war. The real asylum seekers must be afraid for | :12:14. | :12:18. | |
their lives, because of political and religious reasons or whatsoever | :12:19. | :12:22. | |
and then it's do-able. But we have to become better and the same is for | :12:23. | :12:27. | |
northern Africa. Are you disappointed with the fact that | :12:28. | :12:29. | |
European project, Germany, right at the heart of the whole dream of a | :12:30. | :12:33. | |
united Europe, and a crisis like this comes along and everybody | :12:34. | :12:37. | |
scurries away and looks after their own backyard and says you can deal | :12:38. | :12:41. | |
with it, Germany, on your own. You must be utterly distraught at what | :12:42. | :12:46. | |
it says about the rest of Europe, aren't you? No, we are annoyed with | :12:47. | :12:51. | |
some countries, not all of them, Sweden took a lot of | :12:52. | :12:56. | |
responsibilities. They took more per capita than anyone else. We are in | :12:57. | :13:00. | |
the alone in that sense. Enough is enough, we have to do it in a decent | :13:01. | :13:06. | |
way and build fences around every European country. I think that is | :13:07. | :13:12. | |
not a solution. The freedom, the peace in Europe, the chances of the | :13:13. | :13:15. | |
internal market which can only survive with free movement of | :13:16. | :13:20. | |
people, and free movement of goods, is so important for our success | :13:21. | :13:25. | |
story of the last 50, 60 years, we have to deal with that in another | :13:26. | :13:30. | |
way, to look into the causes, solve that, much more money, much more | :13:31. | :13:35. | |
interventions and to look in outside borders where we have plans but not | :13:36. | :13:38. | |
all the countries have implemented it and here you have to put more | :13:39. | :13:42. | |
pressures. What happens if they don't? I understand your plan A. But | :13:43. | :13:49. | |
what if the rest of the people players needed to make that work, if | :13:50. | :13:54. | |
they don't deliver, how long do you think Germany's political stability | :13:55. | :13:57. | |
will take three or 4,000 people arriving a day? | :13:58. | :14:03. | |
We have had some progress, in November and December it was 12,000 | :14:04. | :14:12. | |
per day, now 2000, 3000. Because of the weather. But it is still too | :14:13. | :14:16. | |
much and we have got to work on that. The next step is the European | :14:17. | :14:22. | |
Council on February the 18th and we have to solve a lot of problems | :14:23. | :14:28. | |
before March when the Mediterranean can be used more. We should not come | :14:29. | :14:34. | |
to the situation when more people die in the Mediterranean, that is | :14:35. | :14:41. | |
inhuman and we need a solution to people in front of the borders, if | :14:42. | :14:48. | |
you look at the Balkans, I'm afraid that might explode again as it is | :14:49. | :14:53. | |
done over the last century several times. And we must start to think | :14:54. | :15:01. | |
about Plan B, as the last chance. Plan A is not successful. Many | :15:02. | :15:08. | |
critics of Angela Merkel and her open-door policy, how dangerous is | :15:09. | :15:14. | |
this for Angela Merkel, who is the de facto leader to some extent of | :15:15. | :15:18. | |
the European Union, how dangerous is it for her? If there is no solution | :15:19. | :15:25. | |
it is dangerous for every responsible person. 12 million | :15:26. | :15:36. | |
refugees in Syria and Iraq, 60 million around the world, they look | :15:37. | :15:40. | |
to Europe because Europe is the most successful part of the world, a | :15:41. | :15:44. | |
success story. Peace, freedom and prosperity. And we have to do our | :15:45. | :15:51. | |
job in that way, people need to be helped and they must get our | :15:52. | :15:54. | |
support, but not the others. And we have to make a better European | :15:55. | :15:59. | |
solution, it was not possible to provide that before the cost member | :16:00. | :16:03. | |
states did not follow us to get this European solution because of debates | :16:04. | :16:07. | |
about national sovereignty. That has got to be changed now. We have the | :16:08. | :16:14. | |
biggest challenge that Europe has faced for the past 50 or 60 years. | :16:15. | :16:18. | |
No one was prepared for that and we've got to find a solution. To | :16:19. | :16:25. | |
destroy free movement, the internal market, would be a win for the | :16:26. | :16:30. | |
terrorists. The enemies of Europe. Because then you destroyed the basis | :16:31. | :16:34. | |
of our success story which we had for our citizens and we should not | :16:35. | :16:37. | |
allow that and so we should push, everyone, including Germany, to find | :16:38. | :16:45. | |
a solution that makes it possible to follow our responsibilities for the | :16:46. | :16:51. | |
lives of people out at the same time not a burden. If you talk about | :16:52. | :16:58. | |
Cologne, there were people from Morocco and Algeria, they have no | :16:59. | :17:04. | |
right to come to the European Union, they're not asylum seekers, not | :17:05. | :17:08. | |
running away from a war. So we develop instruments, hotspots in | :17:09. | :17:12. | |
Greece and Italy and other places where these people can be found out | :17:13. | :17:13. | |
early and sent on. Thank you. Well, Germany is just one country - | :17:14. | :17:17. | |
but across Europe, the refrain that "this can't go on" is | :17:18. | :17:20. | |
becoming a familiar one. We woke up this morning to news that | :17:21. | :17:22. | |
at an Amsterdam meeting yesterday, EU Interior Ministers | :17:23. | :17:25. | |
were contemplating some kind The key issue for them is Greece, | :17:26. | :17:27. | |
which is not enforcing Bluntly, Ministers have asked | :17:28. | :17:31. | |
whether it should be kicked out of Schengen, with the | :17:32. | :17:36. | |
external border moved in. Some kind of emergency | :17:37. | :17:42. | |
reintroduction of borders is allowed for two years under | :17:43. | :17:44. | |
the Schengen Treaty. A little earlier, I spoke | :17:45. | :17:45. | |
to the Greek Migration Minister, I asked him to respond to those | :17:46. | :17:56. | |
accusations that Greece was not doing enough to maintain its | :17:57. | :18:02. | |
borders. Yesterday it was said that the way that Greece has secured the | :18:03. | :18:11. | |
borders is what we would do in the same situation, so there are several | :18:12. | :18:16. | |
wise that they're saying. For us, against my country, and I believe it | :18:17. | :18:26. | |
is not the best way to affirm these big issues. Whatever the rights in | :18:27. | :18:29. | |
the Bronx, many in Western Europe, Northern Europe, and the solution is | :18:30. | :18:35. | |
for Greece no longer to be in the borderless Schengen zone. To kick | :18:36. | :18:41. | |
Greece out of that zone because Greece is not maintaining the | :18:42. | :18:44. | |
external border as they wanted it to be maintained. What is your response | :18:45. | :18:50. | |
to the idea that for an emergency period, Greece is out of the | :18:51. | :18:57. | |
Schengen zone? First of all if someone talks about the history of | :18:58. | :19:04. | |
immigration, they would not leave it, would not think this is | :19:05. | :19:13. | |
something that could occur. Yesterday in this ministerial | :19:14. | :19:15. | |
conference, no one said anything like that. Only the Minister for | :19:16. | :19:26. | |
Belgium who said that we had to push back. This is illegal. And that | :19:27. | :19:34. | |
Greece must be a place where there will be a camp for 400,000. | :19:35. | :19:38. | |
Certainly Belgium has spoken about this idea of having huge camps in | :19:39. | :19:44. | |
Greece. You refer to that. And also push back. The Belgians said to push | :19:45. | :19:53. | |
them back into the sea. The Belgians said go against the law. I do not | :19:54. | :19:58. | |
care if you drown them. I want them pushed back. And probably no one in | :19:59. | :20:03. | |
the conference of ministers accepted that. Just to be clear, the Belgians | :20:04. | :20:09. | |
wanted you to push people into the sea as a solution to the problem? | :20:10. | :20:17. | |
Yes yes. Back to the issue of the camps, there are people who think | :20:18. | :20:22. | |
that one temporary arrangement would be to have very large camps in | :20:23. | :20:28. | |
Greece, where refugees are safe and from where they then go home to | :20:29. | :20:35. | |
Syria after the war, say, is over. Does that have any appeal to you? If | :20:36. | :20:45. | |
you look at history, you will see the only period of history in which | :20:46. | :20:52. | |
there were camps for 400,000 prisoners, it was the period of the | :20:53. | :21:03. | |
Nazis. If you do not see this period there is no other period in history | :21:04. | :21:09. | |
in which there were camps for 400,000 prisoners. And refugees are | :21:10. | :21:17. | |
not prisoners. I wonder who you blame for the difficult situation, | :21:18. | :21:23. | |
that Europe is in customer I do not want to be a part of this lame game. | :21:24. | :21:30. | |
Greece wants to be a part of the solution. -- blame game. To act in | :21:31. | :21:36. | |
Europe in a unilateral way is something, you cannot be a member of | :21:37. | :21:46. | |
Europe, you cannot participate in a programme for agriculture or you | :21:47. | :21:49. | |
take money, not participate in an educational programme because you | :21:50. | :21:53. | |
take money, but when Europe needs you you close the borders. You make | :21:54. | :22:01. | |
prisoners. You ask to drown people. This is not Europe. I cannot tell | :22:02. | :22:08. | |
whether you are sad or angry today? I'm not angry. I am a minister and | :22:09. | :22:15. | |
ministers must not be angry. A minister must keep the door open. We | :22:16. | :22:20. | |
want to find a solution. But we are tied. We have all these people, all | :22:21. | :22:29. | |
the refugees. First of all they pass from us. You have to imagine during | :22:30. | :22:35. | |
the summer, 10,000 per day were passing from an island with 3000 | :22:36. | :22:41. | |
population. You have to imagine that the Adjani in the sea, that everyday | :22:42. | :22:47. | |
people collect bodies from the coast. -- they are drowning in the | :22:48. | :22:54. | |
sea. Thank you very much. Ever since the suicide of a young | :22:55. | :23:00. | |
Tory activist in September, the party has been beset | :23:01. | :23:02. | |
by allegations that it failed to act over allegations of bullying | :23:03. | :23:05. | |
in its youth wing - we've reported repeatedly | :23:06. | :23:08. | |
on the scandal on this programme. The party has tried to draw a line | :23:09. | :23:12. | |
under the affair by asking law firm Clifford Chance to | :23:13. | :23:16. | |
conduct an inquiry. But many of those involved remain | :23:17. | :23:20. | |
unconvinced that the party is really Ten potential witnesses have told | :23:21. | :23:22. | |
Newsnight they feel reluctant to give evidence to the inquiry | :23:23. | :23:26. | |
because a former associate of the man at the centre | :23:27. | :23:29. | |
of the scandal - Mark Clarke - has a role in deciding | :23:30. | :23:33. | |
the party's response. For four months his parents have | :23:34. | :23:38. | |
campaigned relentlessly for justice for their son but only now | :23:39. | :23:43. | |
is Alison Johnson ready to speak on camera about what happened | :23:44. | :23:47. | |
to Elliott and the family's We live out in the back water | :23:48. | :23:49. | |
so they probably think, oh well, you know, if we silence | :23:50. | :23:55. | |
them they'll go away quietly Every day just drifts into another | :23:56. | :23:58. | |
when you don't know anything. The student vote is | :23:59. | :24:05. | |
really important... Elliott was found dead on a train | :24:06. | :24:08. | |
track last September. He left a note saying | :24:09. | :24:11. | |
he had been bullied. Rather than being treated | :24:12. | :24:15. | |
as grieving parents, the Johnsons felt like the inquiry | :24:16. | :24:18. | |
into what happened was putting We also heard they wanted | :24:19. | :24:20. | |
to interview my husband and myself individually to find out | :24:21. | :24:25. | |
what our stories were. Well, it's not a story, | :24:26. | :24:28. | |
it's the facts. Mrs Johnson is not the only one | :24:29. | :24:30. | |
who doubts the party can get to the bottom of what | :24:31. | :24:39. | |
happened to her son. He is one of the most senior Tories | :24:40. | :24:45. | |
you have never heard of. As the leader of Tory | :24:46. | :24:52. | |
volunteers across the country, he sits on the board that | :24:53. | :24:56. | |
will consider the official party But for many Semple appears too | :24:57. | :24:58. | |
close to Mark Clarke, the man at the centre | :24:59. | :25:02. | |
of the bullying allegations. Here's Clarke endorsing Semple | :25:03. | :25:05. | |
on a campaign leaflet. Rob understands how | :25:06. | :25:16. | |
to engage with activists His support was | :25:17. | :25:18. | |
crucial to delivering both the road trip 2015 | :25:19. | :25:20. | |
and the battle bus 2015 projects. He has the vision, leadership, | :25:21. | :25:23. | |
competence and credibility to do From everything I have seen Mark | :25:24. | :25:41. | |
Clark was effectively acting as campaign manager for Rob Semple. | :25:42. | :25:47. | |
From information I have seen and had sent to me, it would appear that | :25:48. | :25:51. | |
Mark Clarke was heavily lobbying people to vote for Rob Semple. Party | :25:52. | :26:02. | |
chairman Lord Feldman has already recused himself from considering the | :26:03. | :26:04. | |
enquiry and so too has this man, the deputy chairman. But Rob Semple is | :26:05. | :26:10. | |
going nowhere, despite 15 potential witnesses to the enquiry telling the | :26:11. | :26:16. | |
programme wanted to step away from it all together. A number said that | :26:17. | :26:20. | |
his presence makes him when it and to talk to the enquiry. People may | :26:21. | :26:24. | |
think there is a conflict of interest but the fact they think | :26:25. | :26:29. | |
they may be shows why Rob Semple should do the honourable thing and | :26:30. | :26:32. | |
stand down. People think he is a friend or colleague, or that Mark | :26:33. | :26:37. | |
Clarke helped him get in that position. It might be true, it might | :26:38. | :26:41. | |
not, the fact that they think that, it shows that this enquiry will be | :26:42. | :26:48. | |
tainted by his involvement. He should do the decent thing and | :26:49. | :26:53. | |
realise any enquiry conducted by the Conservative Party in which he takes | :26:54. | :26:57. | |
part, it has got to be questioned by the general public at large. People | :26:58. | :27:01. | |
will ask how can a man associated with Mark Clarke be seen to be a | :27:02. | :27:05. | |
person that is overseeing part of the enquiry. But tonight Rob Semple | :27:06. | :27:12. | |
told Newsnight he was not in touch with Mark Clarke and he was staying | :27:13. | :27:13. | |
put. He told us, I'm committed | :27:14. | :27:14. | |
to ensuring that the highest possible standards of | :27:15. | :27:16. | |
behaviour are upheld. I will ensure Clifford Chance's | :27:17. | :27:18. | |
findings will be honoured in full. I urge witnesses to come forward | :27:19. | :27:21. | |
so that the full facts are known. And the party maintained, | :27:22. | :27:27. | |
Rob Semple is not being asked to step down from the board | :27:28. | :27:30. | |
when the report is delivered. Fresh from a general election | :27:31. | :27:42. | |
victory, and with the Labour Party in disarray, on the face of it the | :27:43. | :27:46. | |
Conservative Party is in rude health. Not so says one veteran | :27:47. | :27:51. | |
member of the party. This is a much wider problem the Conservative Party | :27:52. | :27:57. | |
is got, that there is not accountability for those that run | :27:58. | :28:01. | |
the party, little transparency, and no democracy. Without those things | :28:02. | :28:07. | |
you find vested interests have enormous power within the party. And | :28:08. | :28:13. | |
things happen you could never explain except as a result of vested | :28:14. | :28:17. | |
interests. Before the crisis you've seen over the years, how do you rank | :28:18. | :28:21. | |
this? This is the biggest of all, the absolute biggest of all. The | :28:22. | :28:26. | |
party can no longer treat its members with contempt in the way it | :28:27. | :28:31. | |
has done in the past. And which it is still doing. That is how the | :28:32. | :28:38. | |
Johnson feel. Tonight Lord running the enquiry said they were sorry to | :28:39. | :28:40. | |
learn of the families concerned about the proposed separate | :28:41. | :28:44. | |
interviews. But they say they're happy to discuss alternatives. | :28:45. | :28:48. | |
Brazil is taking measures to fight the zika virus and the mosquitoes | :28:49. | :28:51. | |
The disease has so far caused more than 3,000 cases | :28:52. | :28:55. | |
of microcephaly in babies - the condition of shrunken heads | :28:56. | :28:57. | |
But how does the disease affect people as they grow up? | :28:58. | :29:02. | |
One parent from Manaus in the north of the country, | :29:03. | :29:05. | |
Viviane Lima, has two teenage daughters who live | :29:06. | :29:08. | |
Maria Luisa and Ana Vitoria developed it as a result | :29:09. | :29:14. | |
of a genetic condition - NOT zika, but her story gives some | :29:15. | :29:18. | |
insight into the little known disease. | :29:19. | :30:17. | |
Worries over the zika virus and its potential impact this | :30:18. | :30:19. | |
There is concern that it could be transmitted sexually. | :30:20. | :30:32. | |
The evidence of sexual transmission is anecdotal but there are two cases | :30:33. | :30:35. | |
- going back some years - that raise that prospect. | :30:36. | :30:37. | |
Professor Brian Foy who is himself a researcher on insect-borne | :30:38. | :30:40. | |
disease at Colorado State University. | :30:41. | :30:48. | |
And joining me in the studio is Jeremy Farrar, professor | :30:49. | :30:51. | |
of infectious diseases and director of the Wellcome Trust. | :30:52. | :30:55. | |
Brian Foy, you were in Sennegal, you contracted something and went back | :30:56. | :31:03. | |
to Colorado, give us the brief story. Well, this is a story that we | :31:04. | :31:09. | |
published in a periodic journal, my colleagues and I back in 2011 and it | :31:10. | :31:16. | |
documented anonymously a report of two scientists in Senegal brought | :31:17. | :31:23. | |
back viral diseases - one of them transmitted to his wife. A clever | :31:24. | :31:29. | |
science group reporter from Science Magazine read our article and | :31:30. | :31:38. | |
basically, we were doing research in southern Sennegal on malaria and we | :31:39. | :31:43. | |
were getting bitten by a lot of mosquitos, we came down and when we | :31:44. | :31:49. | |
got home with symptoms of diseases and so we got our blood tested. We | :31:50. | :31:55. | |
thought that was it. We September our blood to the CDC and I kept some | :31:56. | :32:00. | |
in my laboratory but soon after my wife came down with the same | :32:01. | :32:10. | |
symptoms of rash and we included that, we took her blood, as well, | :32:11. | :32:14. | |
and sent it to the CDC and it took a long at that time to figure out what | :32:15. | :32:19. | |
was going on, this happened back in tweet-9. Eventually we found out it | :32:20. | :32:23. | |
was the zika virus and we pshed this report and in a lot of the evidence | :32:24. | :32:27. | |
suggests that it was direct transmission, probably sexual | :32:28. | :32:29. | |
transmission. You have got children, I think, correct? They didn't seem | :32:30. | :32:36. | |
to get it? They did not. Are there any other ways, any other theorys, | :32:37. | :32:39. | |
obviously sexual transmission is one. But lots of things, lots of | :32:40. | :32:43. | |
intimate contact you could have had with your wife, maybe she got it | :32:44. | :32:47. | |
from sweat, all sorts of things one could imagine, no? Of course. That's | :32:48. | :32:55. | |
why it's circumstancesal evidence but it's strongly - it suggests | :32:56. | :33:04. | |
sexual transmission. There was other things, there was - none of my | :33:05. | :33:08. | |
children got it and I was wrestling and playing with them as soon as I | :33:09. | :33:13. | |
got home, as well. We deduced from all the lines of reasoning it was | :33:14. | :33:18. | |
probably sexual transmission. That sat Father a long time, in the | :33:19. | :33:21. | |
outbreak before the current outbreak in the South Pacific it looks like | :33:22. | :33:27. | |
another person, another man, they actually isolated the virus from his | :33:28. | :33:31. | |
semen after he became sick with zika. At least two data points | :33:32. | :33:35. | |
suggesting the virus could be transmitted sexually. I did want to | :33:36. | :33:39. | |
ask about that. I think I read in the New York Times that one of your | :33:40. | :33:43. | |
infection symptoms was you had blood in the semen. I am wondering, don't | :33:44. | :33:47. | |
want to get too personal, but whether we can be sure it was semen | :33:48. | :33:52. | |
or blood that was the bodily fluid that was carrying the virus? That's | :33:53. | :33:57. | |
true. Of course, no isolations were done. The only isolation was done | :33:58. | :34:02. | |
with this other man. It is circumstancesal evidence, there is | :34:03. | :34:05. | |
no doubt about it. We do have two data points now and it suggests a | :34:06. | :34:09. | |
likelihood it could happen, the real question is how probable it happens. | :34:10. | :34:13. | |
Certainly in this current large outbreak there is no doubt that | :34:14. | :34:17. | |
mosquitos are primarily transmitting it to most people. You wouldn't have | :34:18. | :34:22. | |
discovered it if you didn't happen to be in a person interested in | :34:23. | :34:28. | |
insect-borne diseases and infection? Ironically, yes. Thank you very | :34:29. | :34:35. | |
much. Jeremy Farrar, do you buy the sexual transmission theory? In | :34:36. | :34:40. | |
Brian's case, absolutely. He's done an amazing job to highlight that | :34:41. | :34:44. | |
potential root of transmission. It wouldn't have happened if he had not | :34:45. | :34:46. | |
been a biologist with an expert in that space. Whether it's in the | :34:47. | :34:50. | |
semen or in the blood that happened, I think the fact that it was | :34:51. | :34:53. | |
sexually transmitted is pretty declare. Do we know much about this | :34:54. | :34:59. | |
blasted thing? It feels like we are still - this is 2008, so it's been | :35:00. | :35:04. | |
around a while. It's been around a long time. We seem ignorant of it. | :35:05. | :35:09. | |
Been around since 1947 I think off the top of my head. It's caused | :35:10. | :35:13. | |
outbreaks in the Pacific Ocean, in Africa, in Asia and of course in | :35:14. | :35:17. | |
south America now. But what's changed is the scale of this | :35:18. | :35:21. | |
outbreak. We have seen an outbreak in Brazil, we think probably 1. 5 to | :35:22. | :35:26. | |
2 million people infected. We have seen it spreading through south | :35:27. | :35:30. | |
America to central America. This is - the virus is carried by mosquitos | :35:31. | :35:36. | |
and the particular mosquito that's carried it is beautifully adapted to | :35:37. | :35:42. | |
the 21st century and it will spread further. If it is sexually | :35:43. | :35:48. | |
transmitted as well, that's awful, isn't it? That's going to | :35:49. | :35:52. | |
particularly affect the group who are most vulnerable and need to | :35:53. | :35:55. | |
protect themselves most, which are women of child-bearing age or are | :35:56. | :35:58. | |
likely to be pregnant. The critical point is how common is the sexually | :35:59. | :36:03. | |
transmission? We have billions of mosquitos beautifully able to | :36:04. | :36:06. | |
transmit this infection and I think that is where the focus has got to | :36:07. | :36:09. | |
be. But as we learn more about this infection and we learn that sexual | :36:10. | :36:13. | |
transmission is potential then we should be humble and accept that we | :36:14. | :36:18. | |
don't know that much about zika and it's critical that research is done | :36:19. | :36:24. | |
so we learn how it's transmitted and how it causes this microcephaly in | :36:25. | :36:29. | |
children. The word vaccine comes in, this is a viral disease, is it | :36:30. | :36:33. | |
something they're going to be able to knock up in a year? Or have they | :36:34. | :36:37. | |
been looking at it for years and said this is a real tough nut to | :36:38. | :36:41. | |
crack? No, we are a long way behind F you compare, let's compare, for | :36:42. | :36:45. | |
instance Ebola, we were fortunate with that, there was a vaccine that | :36:46. | :36:49. | |
was in a freezer at the national institute of health in the United | :36:50. | :36:53. | |
States which many of us could work on and we got a vaccine. Within 12 | :36:54. | :36:57. | |
months or so. That's unprecedented. We are not at that stage with zika. | :36:58. | :37:03. | |
We don't have a vaccine, a potential vaccine in somebody's laboratory | :37:04. | :37:05. | |
We don't have a vaccine, a potential freezer or in a company that we | :37:06. | :37:07. | |
could take it through in a year. We are not going to have a vaccine for | :37:08. | :37:10. | |
this in 12 months sdmrchlt we are having to start from scratch | :37:11. | :37:14. | |
basically? Yeah, and we have to think, this is part of a continued | :37:15. | :37:18. | |
pattern of the emergence of new infections for which we have no | :37:19. | :37:20. | |
treatment, we have no vaccine, and we are not able to fully control it. | :37:21. | :37:26. | |
We have to - our research agenda has got to get stronger around this. | :37:27. | :37:28. | |
Thank you both very much. For a long time - since before | :37:29. | :37:31. | |
the death of Steve Jobs - have people predicted that best days | :37:32. | :37:34. | |
of Apple are behind it. After such a run of good form, | :37:35. | :37:37. | |
a fall in fortunes is surely due. This evening, we got the latest | :37:38. | :37:40. | |
results of the company, which showed Apple reporting | :37:41. | :37:43. | |
lower-than-expected iPhone sales It's a struggle to grow | :37:44. | :37:45. | |
at the old pace, once And other companies can | :37:46. | :37:57. | |
make them just as well. Joining me from New York | :37:58. | :38:01. | |
is the Journalism professor and technology | :38:02. | :38:03. | |
commentator, Jeff Jarvis. Any clue in these | :38:04. | :38:15. | |
that Apple's best days are behind it? One never wants to predict that | :38:16. | :38:20. | |
but since the death of Steve Jobs we haven't seen any great surprise and | :38:21. | :38:23. | |
the sales of iPhones are now flat. There are a total of one billion | :38:24. | :38:28. | |
Apple devices in the world and 1. 4 billion android devices in the | :38:29. | :38:31. | |
world. I don't know where Apple goes next is the problem. I love my | :38:32. | :38:35. | |
smartphone too and I do buy them regularly but there hasn't been a | :38:36. | :38:37. | |
great surprise in the entire industry lately. We are not going to | :38:38. | :38:41. | |
have two or three each, clearly that does limit that market. Let's talk | :38:42. | :38:45. | |
about some of the other products around. Do you have an opinion on | :38:46. | :38:50. | |
the watch? Clearly the watch hasn't been a breakthrough like the tablet | :38:51. | :38:58. | |
and the iPad and iPhone? I have a Google watch and it's nice to have | :38:59. | :39:03. | |
and I enjoy it. Is it a life-changer? Absolutely not. Is it | :39:04. | :39:07. | |
a necessity? No. That's not going to be it. What about the car? Google | :39:08. | :39:11. | |
obviously are more public about what they're doing on the car. Apple | :39:12. | :39:16. | |
famously are secretive on it but are clearly working on a car, everyone | :39:17. | :39:21. | |
assumes they are. Is that going to be at some point the great new | :39:22. | :39:27. | |
thing? The car industry is hard, just ask the entire nation of | :39:28. | :39:30. | |
America how we have fared lately. There's going to be plenty of | :39:31. | :39:33. | |
competition. The German auto industry is hot on to this, the | :39:34. | :39:38. | |
Japanese auto industry will be, as well. Google has made hints. I think | :39:39. | :39:44. | |
the technology is going to be trying to reinvent the operating system of | :39:45. | :39:49. | |
the car. It's now a six-year design cycle. Apple could make a difference | :39:50. | :39:54. | |
there. Is that an easy business, no. Is it quick, no. Who knows. There is | :39:55. | :40:02. | |
a phrase that says if you are supersuccessful, ultimately, you | :40:03. | :40:05. | |
tend to gravitate back to average again. You have seen all these | :40:06. | :40:10. | |
fantastic companies in the world that have been unassailable and they | :40:11. | :40:14. | |
find themselves looking pretty normal. At some point Apple maybe | :40:15. | :40:19. | |
our expectations have to be that Apple will drift down. It will just | :40:20. | :40:23. | |
have to effectively become more normal as a company as time passes? | :40:24. | :40:28. | |
Well, you are right, it is that horrible issue of capitalism always | :40:29. | :40:32. | |
expecting more and more and more, like a greedy parent wanting the kid | :40:33. | :40:38. | |
to do better in school. So, January al's performance is amazing and | :40:39. | :40:41. | |
historic profit -- Apple. It cannot keep up with that level of growth | :40:42. | :40:44. | |
and can in the keep up without diversity. Google is now into many | :40:45. | :40:49. | |
areas. Apple is, I mean, Amazon rather is huge, not only in the | :40:50. | :40:55. | |
sales but also in the cloud. But Apple is pretty much a one-note | :40:56. | :41:00. | |
wonder right now which is phones and devices, it hasn't been big on | :41:01. | :41:04. | |
social, in the cloud, it hasn't been big on entertainment, even though | :41:05. | :41:11. | |
it's a huge distributor, compare to to Amazon or Netflix. They can't use | :41:12. | :41:16. | |
their huge cash flow to buy things. I am in the sure what I would do if | :41:17. | :41:20. | |
I were Cook. Thank you very much indeed. | :41:21. | :41:25. | |
Plenty more wind and rain in the forecast I am afraid. A messy start | :41:26. | :41:40. | |
to the day with strong winds across parts of England and Wales and that | :41:41. | :41:44. | |
will linger all day across southern counties. Improving | :41:45. | :41:45. |