11/09/2012 The One Show

Hello, welcome to The One Show with Alex Jones... And Matt Baker.

Coming up, we will be talking to Andy Murray's grandparents about

his big win at the US Open. guest is a newshound turned

novelist, brushing up on ABBA pits for her latest role. It's Penny

Smith! We will be talking about a ABBA shortly. It has been the most

phenomenal summer of sport. With Andy Murray last night? It started

with Bradley Wiggins, ends with Andy Murray. It's one of those

things where you go, I was here in London, in the summer of 2012.

are obviously proud, because you have the Union flag on your T-shirt.

Did you stay at last night to watch it? No, I was at Claire Balding's

book launch. I thought I would drop that name in! On the way home, I

was following on Twitter. I went to bed at about 12 o'clock thinking,

you know what, he's going to do that then that he generally does

where he goes to the final wire. How brilliant was that? I woke up

and went, wow, what a great time to be Team GB. You are going to love

this, we can go live to his home town of Dunblane to speak to his

grandparents. You must be on cloud nine at the moment? Absolutely. It

has been a fantastic day. It's been a long day! How was last night? You

must have watched it at home. After 1 o'clock, were you getting

nervous? Not really. We had just watched it at home, on our own,

just the two of us and a dog. After the first set, I took it out for a

walk. When I came back, he was winning it the second set and then

he started to lose. I thought, I'm going to go back out again and walk

the dog. But I didn't, I watched it until the end. We are not able to

jump about. Not nowadays. We are not really in the first flush. I

have a very comfy armchair. Surely, what has the reaction been like in

Dunblane? Quite incredible. We really haven't had time to go down

to the village today. We live right on the golf course. There have been

out, waving, coming into the garden and congratulated us, wishing us

well. Cars are stopping, the sports club has been buzzing today. It has

been lovely. We are very grateful for the tremendous support.

Congratulations. We have seen an awful lot of the press, I must say.

They have been around since 6:45am. This is the last one! We will let

you go back to that comfy armchair. And you can go and take a dog for a

walk. Thanks for joining us. If you were up to watch Murray last

night, send a picture of yourself, may be looking a little bit bleary

eyed because it finished at around 3 o'clock. Send your message for

Andy to [email protected]. Now, a touching story of how older

people in this country that have time on their hands and bags of

expertise are putting it to good use helping young people living

thousands of miles away. It is known as the Granny Cloud. If you

are one of those people that are slightly sceptical about the

benefits of the internet, we know that you are out there, you might

This is Jackie Barrow. She lives in the village of Diggle, near Alton.

She also happens to be a teacher with a difference. Today I was

going to ask you, do you know what this sign is for? Her pupils are

not here on the edge of the Pennines, they are in a classroom

thousands of miles away on a different Continent. Four years ago,

she was one of the first people to join a project that matches

volunteers willing to teach with children who are hungry to learn.

Hi! For at least one hour week, she speaks with a group of

disadvantaged children in India through Skype, children that she

has never met. This is Anita. Do you want to say hello? Hello!

know these two boys very well. Can you wave? The point of the project,

affectionately dubbed the Granny Cloud, is to improve their English

and raised expectations of what they can achieve. Do you want a

story today? Can you read the title? Good! When you are boxing,

you could say... Biff! Bop! Jackie used to be a teacher but suffered a

heart attack and was forced to take early retirement. How old were you?

55. I had no warning. I was in a state of shock. You have come

across this project, Granny Cloud, even though you want a grandmother?

I confessed right at the beginning! There was an article asking for

volunteers. It was asking for people to be so -- surrogate

grandmothers to people in India. This one is hockey. I think because

I retired early, I obviously have got skills I developed during my

working life, to find something that I could use those skills for

was very exciting and rewarding. What do you get from it? You see

these children and their wonderful, smiling faces. They are so

enthusiastic, always. Very quickly, you get involved in what is going

on. The fact that they log on, week after week, makes you feel that

they must value it. Boys, how do you like Jackie? What do you think

of her? You are very nice! Very loving. Do you get to learn much

about the boys, where they live, what schools they go to? I know

that they live in a slum, not far from where the centre is. Other

than that, my role is bringing something from the outside to share

with them. But the kids are about to get a surprise of their life, as

their next session with Jackie will be in person, in India. To walk

into a room and meet them is just going to be fantastic. Forget

Jackanory, this is Jackie's story! Her excitement is already

outgrowing her suitcase. I was going to put all the things I am

taking for them in my hand luggage, but it has come over the top

already. In the past, I have shown them things that I do with felt.

Hopefully, I am going to teach them how to do it. They have seen a lot

of photographs of where I live. I have put them together in a book.

think you are about to have a life- changing experience. I hope so. I

think so. I wish you were coming with us. I wish I was, but you

don't need me, you are going to be fined. You can go it alone. Next

time, Jackie's arrival in India is met with great excitement. But does

Anita is here. That is an incredible idea. How did the Granny

Cloud concept start? A very clever man at the Costa University,

Professor Sugata Mitra, a professor in technology, he says children get

their most encouragement from grandmothers. He got a bit of

funding and decided to set this very basic system app, a very

obvious thing that we can do with technology. People in poverty-

stricken part of India, with no access to formal education, they

can go to after-school clubs, sit around the computer and communicate

with women in the UK. You don't have to be a granny. You can see

from their faces, the reaction. What kind of impact is that having?

It is huge for these children. I spent an hour with Jackie and they

were hanging on every word. Their English is improving, but also they

are able to beat aspiring to things that they haven't been able to

default. It is opening their World Cup. It is just encouraging them to

do things that they wouldn't be able to do. -- their World Cup.

Jackie is getting a lot out of this. If anybody is sitting at home and

thinking, I would like to give that ago, is it easy? It's so simple,

you can go on to the website and there is a link. What would you

like to teach? I'm not implying that you are a granny! Thank you,

very kind. I'm a bit of a grammar Nazi. I would be going, right,'s

used wrongly, that is my particular... Stop it! 1960s is a

parole! I can't even reply to badly spelled tweets. I correct their

grammar first. Tune in tomorrow to This year marks 100 years of the IQ

test. It is worth noting that women, for the first time, are scoring

higher than men since records began. How did the IQ Test start in the

This is one of the first ever IQ tests, tests of your intelligence

quotient. It is putting the right shapes into the right shades. It

doesn't look too bad. Let's see how I do. Easy! Well, maybe not. This

test is about 100 years old and part of a collection of

intelligence tests at the Science Museum in London. I knew I should

have got more Lego as a child. Part of the collection is hidden away in

storage vaults, but we are allowed in specially. I am thick, aren't I?

11.31. That sounds terrible. would have worried if you hadn't

given up. This is an early test. Psychologists realise that if you

frustrate the subject until they give up, you're not measuring

anything apart from frustration. It's an annoying little thing. The

term intelligence quotient, or IQ, was first coined in 1912 by a

German psychologist called William Stern. He wanted to come up with a

scoring system that defined a child's intelligence. Psychologists

at the beginning of the 20th century were interested in finding

out where children belonged on a scale. If they were somehow smarter

or slower than their age. He came up with the idea that you could

divide the mental age of a child, that they got on the test, by the

chronological age and that would give you a number that would tell

you if they were above or below average for that age. It was

originally for children? Yes. tests took the form of puzzles that

got increasingly difficult for each age group. At the same time in

America, puzzles were being used on adults. Public health doctors at

the Ellis Island Immigration Service in the United States were

trying to evaluate people coming into the United States. They wanted

to see who was at the lower end of the scale and, therefore, who

should not be allowed into the country. If you failed one of these

tests, you would not be allowed in? Probably if you failed a few.

is a challenge for me, let's see if I can get this right. I'm doing

better on this one. Oh, no. I've got two left. Quite proud. Are you

letting me in? During World War I, more sophisticated tests were

devised to assess the capabilities of the American troops. One of the

young researchers behind the test was a man called David Wexler, who

later devised the prototype for the IQ tests that we know today. By now,

a score of 100 to find average intelligence. What we have in the

collection are some examples of the earliest versions of the test. In

some cases, their poll words from the dictionary and grade them

according to difficulty. Can you define Breakfast? A meal at the

start of the day. A bacon sandwich, probably. The highest one,

travesty? Me doing that test, with those shapes. You clearly do better

on verbal questions. They also had ones that were more to do with

numbers. This one is called picture completion. What is missing?

bridge on the glasses? Yes. might argue that IQ tests are more

to do with being good with puzzles than being intelligence. It been

controversial for years, but it is still used in some schools to

assess children and, increasingly, at work to evaluate potential

employee is. They are mainly used to assess an individual's capacity

to deal with information, take on new information and reason and

solve problems. But they are only part of the story. You would

necessarily want to bring somebody in if they haven't also got the

ability to interact well with colleagues, if they did not bring

with them great courage, resilience and strength and energy into the

workplace. There are so many other things, in addition to IQ, that

I started the film with an IQ test from 100 years ago, so it is only

fitting that I ended with a test from today. Which Sheikh is the odd

one out? I got it right, but will you? There will be cries of lots of

different letters from around the nation. What do you think? No. A?

You are correct. It is a letter, not a number, A. All right, we will

move on! Exciting news, you are starring in a gala performance of

Mamma Mia. I know! It is me and Anneka Rice and Vanessa Feltz, and

we are doing at Waterloo, which is the final song. I have just had a

terrible fright! Because it is tomorrow night, and we have hardly

done any rehearsing. Is it like the classic Children in Need, hit-and-

hope? I am just going to carry on smiling, if the worst comes to the

worst, I will just fall of the stage, hide behind somebody else.

So you have been rehearsing, can you give us a glass? I have to have

a microphone! # At Waterloo, Napoleon did

surrender. I think that is enough. Brilliant!

You should see our microphones, they are all glittery, so exciting.

The outfits are marvellous. Anneka Rice was saying this is a Jim'll

Fix It thing, she is beyond excited. Vanessa is so tired, because she

does about 7,000 jobs, yeah, whatever, we will do that, I will

remember that. She has got an IQ of about 3,000. Did it take a lot to

encourage you to do this? The phone call came, do you fancy doing this?

I went, yeah, that was about it. would have fancied it! Any excuse

to get up there. And the outfit, I tried it on the day after they had

figured it out. I am playing Donna, so I am kind of in the yellow-green,

sort of slightly yellow version of that. There You are in or York

Glory. Look at that, that was this morning. Look at those little

things on the bottom mayor. Not my bottom! Yes, it is going to be very

exciting. He said one of your highlights was interviewing Pierce

Brosnan and Meryl Streep, who were in the film. Have you taken any

inspiration from them? Oh, I am going to be out-Meryl Streep Meryl

Streep, of course I am! And he did not releasing, could he? No, bless

him. What we are doing, we are doing our dances with the people

who are doing the other characters, and so they are coming alongside us,

and then we have got the blokes coming along as well, little pots

of threes. We have got a little bit of help, that is the choreography,

but it will probably go out of the window, we will probably be doing

freelance kind of madness or something. The good news is that

there are tickets available, and you can see Penny singing her heart

out. And Anneka Rice and Vanessa Feltz! That is in Mamma Mia to

support Children in Need, tomorrow night at the Novello Theatre in

London. You will be fine. figures out today suggests that the

price of petrol is back up to near record levels. Lucy Siegle has

spent time on a supertanker that has enough crude oil on board that,

once refined, could keep your car In its raw form, crude oil is of

little use to us, but once it is refined, it powers our world. When

it comes to extracting it, the UK is the largest producer in the EU.

Even though it may be found in UK waters, we do not actually own it,

and the government only has the power to tax the companies to

extract it. Once they pay their taxes, the companies will sell on

the open market to the highest bidder. The trade always refers to

prices in terms of barrels. This is a barrel. It carries enough crude

to produce petrol for 900 miles worth of driving, from London to

Vienna. Last year, we used 534 million of these in the UK. Around

367 barrels were produced out of UK waters in the same year. Even if we

hung on to every drop, it would still not be enough. That leaves us

having to import around 380 million barrels into the UK just to keep us

going. On the open market, it is a question of supply and demand. This

means getting the right sort of oil from the platform, to the refinery,

and then on to the countries where it is needed. That is the key to

making money, lots of it. Keeping oil flowing around the world

requires a massive feat of logistics that the entire world is

dependent on, and that is where these things come in. This tanker

has just docked at the refinery at Milford Haven in west Wales with

its precious cargo all the way from Liberia. It is around 245 metres in

length, and it's hell is thought to the brim with nearly 600,000

barrels of crude oil. That is more than �38 million worth. One 5th of

all the oil and gas were used in the UK comes in and out of this

port and its refineries. What will happen to be drew from this time

there? The priority it will be for as to turn it into as much diesel

as possible and as much kerosene. They are worth the most money in

Europe, because there is under capacity of those products. In the

1970s, as our Abertay the times super-size, so did the ships. --

hour appetite became a super-size. Few of our ports are deep enough to

accommodate the ships. Why are they so big? Bigger is definitely

cheaper, it comes down to economies are scale. The number of crew

members for a supertanker are the same as a smaller tanker, so there

are cost benefits. We are talking about 300,000 townships. When they

are moving along at 15 knots, full of oil, it would take at least 15

minutes to stop from full speed, which would take the ship another

two miles along the ocean. these beasts of the EC are not just

oil MOBOs. With fluctuating prices around the world, they are

sometimes used as oil stores. The vessels act as holding containers

out at sea in the hope that the price will go up. They take a huge

gamble on that, but the rewards can be very high. If the price

increased $10 per barrel in a 30 day period, on a supertanker cargo

of 2 million barrels, they would make $20 million. But the pursuit

of profits has come at a grave cast. On the 15th February 1996, disaster

strikes the at Milford Haven. Sea Empress hit rocks at the entrance

to the waterway. 72,000 tonnes of oil spilled into the sea. The

clean-up operation cost an estimated �60 million. Marine

biologist John and witnessed the spill. Black oil dripping from the

rocks, and then you had the smell. Fishing was suspended immediately,

millions of birds were killed. There were many serious effects.

Environmentalists believe that spills around the UK have caused

the loss of nearly half a million birds. And what is the legacy? It

looks quite normal. Because it is an expose coastline, very little

oil went into the shelter to walk away, so most of the oil was taken

away. Within five years, studies were finding there was no

detectable effect. Disasters like the one at Milford Haven forced

changes to the safety requirements for these tankers. All ships must

now have a double hole, an extra layer of protection against Russia,

in case they should ever run aground. But while that has

improved safety, it can never eliminate the risk of future

pollution at sea. In the short term, the tide is not for turning on this

great global energy flow. Worldwide, tankers and ships some 2 billion

barrels every year, and as long as our addiction continues, ships like

these will carry on crossing the world to feed our insatiable

appetite for oil. That was terrible, what happened

there at Milford Haven. Now a brighter story, when you think of a

dusty quarry, newts, voles, peregrine falcons hardly spring to

mind. But this sort of wildlife is bringing joy to the workers at one

quarry in Cumbria. With much wildlife actively

steering clear of people and noise, some animals have decided to do

exactly the opposite and rewrite the rule book on making their home

Despite the incredible noise, dust and vehicles, this limestone quarry

in Cumbria has wildlife literally coming out of its scenes. There are

kestrels, nudes and rare butterflies, and according to Steve

Khumbu batch, who has worked here for 14 years, they seem to have

learnt to work with them. It is so noisy, why are they thriving?

of us work here, and they get used to us and the machines, and

basically nobody bothers with them, we just get on with what we have

got to do. It is an act of worry, you are blasting new faces for the

time. How does the wildlife cope? We sound the siren three times, and

funnily enough the birds will leave on the third siren. When we sound

the all-clear, about five minutes later, they all come back in again.

Are you serious? Yes, they tend to know to get out. That is wild life

for you, Super can he. While the blasting clearly rips huge holes in

the landscape, the wildlife has decided that the cliff faces are

similar to their traditional nesting sites and have moved in of.

We call these animals around, these hard men of rock have gone soft on

their wildlife. I think we are looking at a peregrine falcon that

is not quite an adult yet. I think you could be right, that looks like

last year's juvenile. Has that been hanging around with the parents?

Yes, three of them have been hanging around all the time, on the

same face, 10 yards apart from each other. The previous year's Young

will naturally disperse, but occasionally one may return and be

allowed to stay to help Rea the following year's brood. But up at

the top of the cliffs, the grasslands have attracted in

another predator. This male kestrel is hovering beautifully on the

updrafts coming up from the quarry. The kestrel is feeding about

classic limestone grassland, home to a great variety of plants. It is

food for many species of butterfly, including this rare one. With his

kestrel hovering, it looks like the grassland is also home to mice and

voles as well. But it is not just the upper regions of the quarry

that are home to wild life. These huge craters have opportunist

residents, too. This is one of the most amazing ponds I have ever seen,

it is stacked full of newts, isn't it? Yes, there are lot of them, on

the last survey we counted about 300, and there are a couple of

great crested newts. The pond life is fantastic. Where have they come

from? Along power axis road at the top of the quarry, we have a big

pond. -- a long hour access road. I think what has happened is that

they have come through the faces and dropped down into the quarry

and took this over as a habitat. the nudes are protected, they will

be moved once work starts here again to my pond and a quiet,

disused area of the site. It must be marvellous to have views like

this every day. It is, really, one of the perks of the job.

Indeed, a very big thank you for all of the messages you have been

sending in, Andy Murray has united the nation. This is John in

Manchester during Andy on, excellent hat! My wife and I did

not get time to see the match, but we listened intently! That is