15/04/2014 The One Show

Hello and welcome to the One Show with Alex Jones. And for the second

tonight, aren't either lucky girl, Mister Matt Allwright will be here.

Not a sarcastic as it was meant to sound. Thank goodness to come

between us tonight, a man known for his mix of music and politics who,

like myself, has a penchant for a pearl-snap shirt. And says he is

turning into a radical Kenny Rogers. It is Billy Bragg. Great to be here.

So the pearl-snap shirt, is this a shift of emphasis are you? Some of

your critics say you are becoming a country singer. Country is going too

far, I think I could get away with what is called Americana, which is

country music for people who like the Smiths. Guitar like Johnny Marr.

I know I haven't got my pearl-snap shirt on, which is a disappointment,

but two things. I just got back from a tour of Australia and New

Zealand, so the good ones are at the cleaners and secondly, I wore one on

Question Time last Thursday and I thought people would think I only

have one shirt. Interesting you should mention Question Time,

because this September, the referendum on Scottish independence

takes place and it will be the first time in UK that 16 and 17-year-olds

will be allowed to go to the ballot box. Justin Rowlatt has been to

Glasgow to meet some of those gearing up for their very first

vote. On September the 18th, voters in

Scotland will be asked a straight yes or no question. Should Scotland

become an independent country? Any change will be permanent, so perhaps

those who have most to win or lose the 16 and 17-year-olds who will be

voting for the first time. So how are they weighing things up?

Are you guys ready to vote Chris Rock are you beginning to feel the

passion and delete pressure? I am feeling the pressure, candidates are

just arguing and not telling us what we need to know. We have delivered

the decision for many years to come and we can't complain if we don't

engage properly when making them. We have invited members from both yes

and no camps to speak to our members. First up, Blair Jenkins,

representing Yes Scotland. If we vote for independence, will there be

a cultural divide? I don't think so. By and large, this debate has been

conducted in a friendly way. I have friends who are on the other side of

the debate and they will be friends when it is over. It is a temporary

disagreement and we will be fine. We are in the financial district, does

anyone have any questions about the economics of independence? Where are

the areas in the case of independence where we will see tax

rises? There will only be tax rises if that is what people vote for.

There is a general distrust of politicians at Westminster. One of

the things a Scottish Government that is independent has to do,

whoever wins the first election, is build up trust with the Scottish

people. So we are outside the famous Glasgow University. I think you have

a question about tuition fees? How well an independent Scotland be able

to cope in the long run with free tuition? I think not having tuition

fees in Scotland is one of the best things we have done, since we were

able to take our own decisions in relation to education and I wish the

rest of the UK had the same policy. Unfortunately they don't and tuition

fees in England are in some cases more than ?9,000 a year. We are very

fortunate, there is no country that has become independent in the last

100 years that has become independent in such benevolent

circumstances. If you look around Europe, most of the country is doing

really well are small countries and it seems to be something to do with

having the ability to focus, take a really good strategic view of what

is important in your economy and develop those things. That is what

the wealthiest countries in Europe, by and large, have a similar

population to Scotland. Now it is the turn Blair McDougall,

representing the better together campaign. He is setting sail on the

River Clyde and hoping to convince our young voters that know is the

answer. Since the 1940s, the Scottish vote hasn't changed,

whoever has ruled them. I think the best step towards that would be one

voice in five and a half million, rather than 62 in half a million.

Surely we will Bill be able to change the things we want to change

and vote for the Government we want --we will be able? We already have

more power is coming to the Scottish parliament, more decision making,

but we have the back-up of being part of something bigger. Last

year, the drop in the amount of money coming from North Sea oil cuts

in one year is the equivalent of the budget for every single school in

Scotland for one year. We didn't need to make those cuts because we

are part of the United Kingdom and have that stability. How could the

Scottish economy come first when we are such a small part of the United

Kingdom? Many of the things we are great at our invested in from the

rest of the UK. We are going past shipyards, where there are thousands

of jobs, where the only customer for that is the Royal Navy, we have just

built the biggest chip in its history, the financial services

sector, many of the other parts are in other parts of the UK, so the

idea of us -- is specialising in the things we are at. The No Campaign

wants to continue with free education but the Better Together

campaign says they were charges. If the rest of the people in the UK are

suddenly from a foreign country, they would qualify for free

education in Scotland as well. It is a question of whether it continues

to be affordable. Back on dry land, how do the young voters feel about

casting their vote? There is a lot of pressure on us, it needs to be

there, you need to involve 16 and 17-year-olds in the political

system, it is the only way you get people to engage.

It is good pressure, isn't it? It is a big decision. Billy, you have

always worked to get young people involved in politics, but

16-year-olds, they can vary a lot in maturity and understanding. Is it

too early? We allow people to leave school at 16 so we must be accepting

they are ready to go into the wider world. If you are in work, paying

taxes, you can join the Army at 16, I think it seems wrong for people

not to be represented. I am not a very good advert, to be honest. The

first time I had the opportunity to vote, I didn't, because I was a punk

rocker. That is surprising. And Margaret Thatcher got elected. I am

not a great advert. Part of the problem was I didn't really

understand it and if we are going to have votes for 16-year-olds, we need

much more civic education at school, so people understand how it works. I

know there are city classes now but from what I understand from my

nephews and nieces, they don't engage. They will have their say in

September. Now, let's have a treat from the Billy Bragg catalogue.

# I loved you then as I love you still.

# You put me on the pedestal, which on the pill.

# Some feel bad about letting you go.

# I don't want to change the world # I'm not looking for A New England

# I'm just looking for another girl. # I don't want to change the world

# I'm not looking for A New England # I'm just looking for another

girl. Great song. Bettis from your DVD,

live at the Union Chapel. You describe yourself as a lapsed

atheist, is it comfortable playing in a church? It is a lovely geek to

play, you can see from the sleeve of the DVD, it is lovely. That's what a

lovely show. Sometimes, churches have a weird effect on the audience,

I think it is sitting on pews X mark I have been known to preach as well

from the stage. The great thing is, everyone can hear you when you

speak, the sightlines are really great and it is a really special

place. Everyone knows. That particular gig is a really nice one.

You don't have people talking at the bar, trying to get together at the

bar, meeting other people, to have a relationship with, and you can't be

telling them to shut up. You don't have that in the union Greg

Chappell. And great acoustics. You have been with the band with a year.

How does it compare being delayed to being a solo artist? There are more

people to carry your guitars around. I have had a lot of fun with

the guys, it is more interesting for me as a musician because I can throw

songs at the band and we can learn all songs of mine, we play A New

England now as a band, as an ensemble, and it sounds a bit like

Kraftwerk. You are on the road later in the year, is that with the band?

Some of them are. Latitude, I will be with the band, Glastonbury I am

on my own. And you are one extreme to the other, you did Sydney Opera

House and you are doing a very different one on Saturday, very

small. I am doing a record shop in the room called Raves From The

Grave. It is international record store Day on Saturday, artist go

around to celebrate the few record stores that are around. And we have

a treat at the end of the show, you will be singing us out. Now, the

parenting site Mumsnet announced yesterday they had been hacked, the

attackers had exploited the recent heartbleed bug, meaning the

subscribers to the site are being advised to change their passwords.

More about the heartbleed bug later. But what makes a successful

password? A minimum of eight characters, our mixture of capital

and small letters, numbers and symbols. Like this one, The1sh0w!.

Is that your current password? Speak ever used to be.

In the past, to keep your possessions safe was a big metal

safe and decay. But in this modern digital age, to keep your money

secure, your correspondence private and to keep those embarrassing

pictures out of sight, you need a password. And not just one, today's

internet user, on average, has 26 different sites, each requiring a

password. Very recently, the heartbleed bug threatened internet

security worldwide, shocking internet giants. Doctor Jessica

Barker tells me what it takes to make a password more secure.

Anything that is known about you, anything you talk about or tweet

about is something you want to avoid. And anything is easy to

guess, so dictionary words are red. Lots of people use them, so they are

very obvious, but there password cracking tools that can crack 1

million passwords per second. 1 million per second? Should we have a

different password for every site? Absolutely, if one gets stolen, the

rest of your accounts are safe. So, in an ideal world, to make our

online experience as safe as possible, we have to remember

numerous passwords that cannot be cracked.

But that is easier said than done. But it is not just me that is having

a nightmare with this, is it? How many do you have? Goodness me,

with work, 60, maybe? 60? Easily. How can anyone remember 60? When you

are asked for a password, you always put the one for another site and

even then, you are not the wiser. If you write them down, someone could

find them. What I do, I don't project which site it is. Can you

then remember? No. Is yours unique? Why would they want to crack into

it? To steal money from your account. They put in the monkey one,

two, three, until it is right. Is it "monkey" ? You are close.

Our inability to remember, Mexican city was to be holding us back from

the expert advice, so I have come to meet Mr Memory. I need passwords I

can remember. My favourite password is One Show. You need imagery and

associations, virtual memory needs, like a paintbrush. It is a visual

image, rather than the actual number. I then need the letter S. It

will be this. It begins with the S, it is a swan. How do I put them

together? You have to have links that tell a story. I am painting a

picture with my paintbrush, but goodness, this one is blown out of

the water by an H-bomb that has landed, I need comfort food, a

doughnut. Having eaten the doughnut, I am afraid a visit to the WC is

called for. You have done it, you have solved my problem is!

Problem-solving I will be remembering all of my passwords from

now on in. Now where did I put the key? He is really on his own. The

thing that started the panic was this Heartbleed bug. Can you explain

Mr Mark I shall try. This is basically a major flaw in a security

software system. It is a dominant system. It is called SSL. If you see

a little padlock in your browser of the site, that means it's a version

of SS L. What happens is when you are on a website, behind-the-scenes

there's a handshake going on between the site and your computer, back and

forth with your information, keeping the lines of communication open.

That is called the Heartbleed. This Heartbleed is the floor where

potentially a hacker could reach in and grab the data, so the security

system isn't working. But you see that padlock on an awful lot of

sites, so a lot have been affected will stop Bethink up to half a

million trusted servers have been affected, big and small sites.

Facebook, Yahoo, Google, that sort of thing. It's a real mixture of

sites. Do we change our passwords? The message is pretty confusing.

Google say no, they detected early. Facebook and Yahoo say don't do it

because of this but because it's a good thing to do every now and

again. The thing to do is to check to see if the sites you used have

been fixed, patched is the text speak for that. We have a link on

our website to websites that are there, so you can type in a website

and it will tell you whether it has been patched or not. There's no

point in resetting the password if the site has not been patched

because it still vulnerable. There's always a risk, some people start

phishing, use it as an excuse to get at you. There will now be a whole

spate of e-mails suggesting there's something wrong with your password,

reset it, send them the details. Do it via the official channels. Last

week, plans were announced for the phased closure of two Britain's deep

pit coal mines, Kellingley in North Yorkshire and Thoresby in

Nottinghamshire. This inevitably means job losses. Whilst the

communities they consider the future, Alex has been there to

Ammanford, where she grew up, to talk to people about their memories

of the miners' strike, 30 years ago. This is where I grew up in south

Wales and when I was little it was an area dominated by mining. So this

is a man valley. Ammanford is right here. Here is where the colliery

used to be. Over there now it has been turned into a housing estate.

If you look across the whole valley, there's hardly any signs of the

mining industry at all. On every single working miner to stop work

and join this... I was seven when the miners' strike started and more

watch 1984. I now know as an adult the hardship it brought to pit

communities from South Wales to Scotland. But as a child, my

recollections are patchy. One of the things I do remember is being on a

school trip to Tenby. It was all the doubts that had brought the children

instead of the mums. At the time, this meant nothing to me because my

dad wasn't a minor. Aled and I grew up on the same street, and his

father was a minor on strike. We were young children back in 84, 85.

I remember very clearly you and your brother would come over in the

morning because you'd have a lift with us to school in our orange

camper van. But I don't think any of us realised that was happening,

because your family couldn't run a car. We thought it was just

convenience more than anything else. I just thought we were having lived

with you because you had the biggest car, so you could accommodate all

the kids nearby and takers in the minibus. Can you remember how the

strike impacted you as a family? I remember dad being home a lot, not

being able to afford food really, relying on hand-outs from family and

friends. One Christmas they couldn't even afford Christmas presents for

us. We have to come down to the welfare here and pick up a Christmas

hamper, just so we could have Christmas. In 1984, there were more

than 20,000 men employed in the South Wales coalfields. More than

500 of them lived in my hometown of Ammanford. With nearly all the men

on strike, the women became the backbone of the community. Gian

Graham and her husband, Alan, remember it well. Tell me, what was

it like being a minor's wife during that time? I was the one that was

working. My money went to pay the mortgage. But we were very fortunate

that I was working. A lot of people lost their homes. You were one of

the flying pickets, Alan. Your job was to dissuade the miners from

breaking the strike. Not just locally, you went across the

country. We went up as far as Coventry. We were in Brixton. We

were there for a whole year. Other people in Brixton were marvellous to

us. We had stalls in the market, everybody selling. Then the other

boys would go round collecting. The people of the colleges were putting

us up. They would give you their last bit of food. They were really

supportive. In the centre of Ammanford there's a place that

became a lifeline for many of the mining families. So how important

was the welfare hall to the community at that time? These sort

of facilities, built by the mining community for the miners, became

versatile for feeding them during these terrible times. As the strike

progressed, we work shelling out food parcels, carrying out

collections throughout the country. We had children starving, family

stopping. A year later in 1985, after one of the longest strikes in

our industrial history, the miners returned to work defeated but not

broken. It was really important for me to come back and learn about the

bitter disputes that were raging while I was growing up here. The

miners' strike of 84 will always be remembered. It has left its mark on

the town. Even though the pits are long gone. As we were watching

that, it's incredible, it's part of both of our childhoods. It's

fascinating, I was just seven at the time. When he was talking about the

support there was for miners throughout Great Britain, people

would know, living miles away from the pits, they were raising money,

sending food and going to help out in solidarity. They were very dark

days but there was a great spirit from that time. Human spirit came

into it. If you are a creature who has recently had to relocate to a

different part of the UK, well, you might be finding it difficult to

adjust. But take heart because Marty Jobson's butterflies are living

proof that you can get used to anything. Butterflies are among the

prettiest insects in Britain. Yet across the country their numbers are

declining. But there is one species that is bucking the trend. Meet the

Brown Argus Butterfly. It can be found in England and Wales and lives

for about two weeks or so. While populations of this little beauty

are thriving, 70% of other Butterfly populations in this country are in

decline. So what's going on? To find out, I'm joining a group of amateur

naturalists in Somerset. They regularly survey butterfly

populations in this area. We see what butterfly species are there and

send that information back into the Butterfly conservation. When data

from volunteer groups like these around Britain was collated, an

intriguing trend emerged. The purple dots show the sites where Brown

Argus was found in the 70s. 20 years ago, hardly any were found north of

Sheffield. The yellow dots are all the new sites they've spread too.

They've spread 50 miles further north and can now be found in York.

It doesn't seem like a particularly big difference but when you consider

the butterfly is only about three centimetres across and doesn't

normally roam much more than a couple of hundred metres, it is a

remarkable expansion. I've come to meet butterfly expert to understand

what is driving this spread northwards. It seems that this is in

response to recent climate change. But the warming climate, they've

been able to exploit new habitats that previously were a bit too cold

for them. The Brown Argus is genetically predisposed to lay its

eggs on a particular plant. This gives its caterpillar is the best

chance of survival, because they start life feeding on the plant they

live on. In the south, the Brown Argus lays its eggs on the common

rock 'n' roll -- grows. As temperatures have increased, the

Brown Argus has spread north. In the absence of its favourite plant, it

has switched to laying its eggs on geraniums instead. It looked like

these butterflies had evolved in a short period of time, to prefer a

different plant. To investigate, we set up an experiment. Under each

shopping basket she put four plans. Two what grows and two geraniums.

Butterflies were collected from the northern and southern sides and put

one under each basket. After three sunny days she counted the number of

eggs on each plant, which indicates which planned the butterfly prefers.

This particular female, from a northern population, prefers

geranium. The northern ones have changed. They'd rather be on

geraniums than rockroses given the chance. There's a genetic component

of that. Butterflies are hard-wired to a choice for one or the other

planned. Analysing the DNA of the butterflies confirmed that the

populations are genetically different. We usually think of

evolution as a process that takes millions of years, but the Brown

Argus has evolved in just a few decades. So how did it happen? 40

years ago, the butterflies laid their eggs on the rockrose plant in

the south. But in a few sites some used geraniums instead. As the

climate warmed, these trailblazers were able to move north, passing

their geranium loving genes onto next generation. Now, in the new

northern populations, Brown Argus thrive on geranium plans. These

results are incredibly exciting. The new northern population is

genetically different from the old southern population, and the Brown

Argus is evolving. Natural selection is taking place in just a few

decades. Hopefully we will be seeing numbers creeping up again this

summer. That's almost it for this evening. Huge thanks to Billy. He is

live -- his live at the union Chapel DVD is out now. I'm back tomorrow

night with Richard Madeley, Omid Djalili is our guest. Here is Billy

with his version of a song that is really fitting for today. We made by

the Hillsborough Justice Collective a couple of years ago, its The

Hollies classic, He Ain't Heavy. # The road is long.

# With many a winding turn. # That leads us to.

# Who knows where, who knows where? # But I'm strong.

# Strong enough to carry him. # He ain't heavy.

# He's my brother. # So on we go.

# His welfare is my concern. # No burden is he.

# To bear, we will get there. # For I know.

# He will not encumber me. # He ain't heavy.

# He's my brother.