Volcanoes Nina and the Neurons: Earth Explorers

# If you've got a question and you don't know where to go

# Ask Nina for some help Cos she's got a science show

# She makes sense of her senses While helping all her fans

# By doing her experiments with potions and with bangs

-# Touch your tongue

-Tongue

-Fingers

-Fingers

-# Eyes

-Eyes

-Ears

-Ears

-# Nose

-Nose

# Nina and the Neurons find out what you need to know

# Nina and the Neurons find out what you need to know

# Luke he helps us with our eyes and Felix with our touch

# Ollie sniffs out smells and scents and Belle she hears so much

# Bud is Ollie's brother he helps us with our taste

# They're Nina's little Neurons and they're coming to your place

-# Touch your tongue

-Tongue

-# Fingers

-Fingers

-# Eyes

-Eyes

-Ears

-Ears

-# Nose

-Nose

-# Nina and the Neurons find out what you need to know

-Yeah!

# Nina and the Neurons find out what you need to know

# Oh, yeah! #

SHE HUMS

Doo, doo, doo!

Oh! Hmm hmm...

Oh, hello! Tidying up - it's thirsty work.

Time for a drink!

Oh!

I think I'll have to tidy myself now.

BEEPING

Oh, I hear a beep. I see a flash. I wonder what they're going to ask.

-Hi, Nina!

-Hi!

-We've got a question for you.

-What is a volcano?

That's a great question! What is a volcano?

Volcanoes are really amazing things,

but we don't get to see many of them

because there are so few in the world.

Why don't you come down to my workshop and we'll investigate?

-See you soon, Nina. Bye!

-Bye!

Well, I'm going to need some help to answer this one,

and I know just who to ask. OK, Neurons, time to get to work!

NEURONS: Neurons at the ready, Nina!

OK, today's question is, what is a volcano?

Which Neuron do you think will be most useful in helping us

find the answer?

-Me!

-Me!

-Me!

Will it be... Fabulous Felix?

I can help so very much, if you need the sense of touch.

Will it be... Beautiful Belle?

I send messages to brain from ear.

If there's a sound, I'll help you hear.

Will it be... Lovely Luke?

For looking and seeing day or night,

I'll help you with your sense of sight.

Will it be... Awesome Ollie?

If it's pongy or whiffy but you can't tell,

my messages help your sense of smell.

Or will it be... Baby Bud?

Sour, salty, bitter or sweet, I'm your taste-buddy whenever you eat.

It's Belle and Luke!

NEURONS: Go Belle! Go Luke! Go Belle! Go Luke!

Go Belle! Go Belle! Go Luke!

Today's question is, what is a volcano?

Because volcanoes look really big and bright and make lots of noise,

Luke and Belle will be helping us today. But stand by, Neurons,

I have a feeling I may need help from all of you.

Right, I need to get the workshop ready before the explorers arrive.

Rebecca likes playing with her brother and sister

and Lily loves dressing up as a mermaid.

-But they both want to know what is a volcano.

-Volcanoes look amazing.

Why do they explode?

So, today, for one day only, Rebecca and Lily become The Explorers!

-Hi, guys!

-BOTH: Hi, Nina!

Welcome to my workshop and thank you for your great question,

"What is a volcano?" To find out the answer,

let's start by using our sense.

NEURONS: Woo-woo! A senses experiment! We're ready, Nina.

So here is a picture of a volcano.

Let's have a look at a volcano in action.

It's amazing, isn't it? So what can you see?

-There's red stuff coming out of it.

-Yes!

The volcano is erupting, and the red stuff that's coming out

is really, really hot, and it's called lava.

Lava! Oh, I like that name!

Lava, Bud. Lava comes out of a volcano.

Can you show me what shape the volcano is?

Yes!

It is a cone shape, like an upside down ice cream, or a witch's hat.

And volcanoes are usually cones of rock,

and when the lava comes out from inside the volcano it goes hard,

and the more lava that comes out, the bigger the cone gets.

But why does the lava go hard? Well, let's find out.

Now, here we have some hot wax.

Now, candles are made of wax, and when the wax gets hot,

it melts and you can see that it's dripped down the side.

Now, this hot wax here is a bit like hot lava inside a volcano.

So, let's see what happens when I pour it out.

Remember, never touch things that are hot. The can be dangerous.

I'll just put my gloves on.

What's happening?

-It's going hard.

-Yes!

The hot wax is cooling down and it's going hard.

And lava that comes out a volcano does the same thing.

When it comes out, it's very hot.

As it cools down, it goes hard, just like a candle.

So have a feel.

-How does it feel?

-It feels really hard.

Yes. It's just like the sides of the volcano.

They're made of hardened lava that's cooled down.

This is exciting. Now we know that volcanoes are usually a cone shape

and they have lots of hot lava inside them that comes out.

As the lava cools down, it goes hard.

The more lava that comes out, the bigger the volcano cone gets.

I couldn't have put it better myself, Neurons.

-But where does the lava come from, Nina?

-Ooh!

I think we need to go somewhere very hot to find out.

On the road again. I really enjoy our trips with Nina.

Nina said we're going somewhere very hot.

Maybe we're going on holiday.

Aah, I can picture it now.

-Sand, sea and...

-Sunscreen. Nina will need that if it's hot.

She's got very sensitive skin.

Yippee! We're here!

So, to help answer your question, what is a volcano,

we've come somewhere really hot.

A metalworks.

BOTH: Yeah!

So far we've found out that volcanoes are cone shaped

and they have hot lava inside them that comes out and hardens,

making the volcano cones bigger.

But now we want to find out more about what lava is,

and that's why we've come here.

One problem, Nina. I don't see any lava.

Well, we can't see real lava because there are no volcanoes near us.

But I don't think we'd want to be near a volcano

-when lava's coming out, do you?

-No!

No. But this place has something similar to lava.

They make things out of metal here,

and lots of things are made out of metal.

Like spoons, keys, cars, but cold metal is really hard to bend

or shape, so it's heated up in places like this.

The metal gets so hot it melts

and can then be made into different shapes.

What's melting?

Melting is when you heat something up and it gets runny,

just like the candle wax from earlier

or when ice cream gets warm in the sun.

Aaah! Don't you just hate it when that happens?!

Let's have a look.

What does that look like?

BOTH: Lava!

Yeah, it looks and moves like lava, but it's not quite the same.

Lava is actually melted rock.

When rocks get very, very hot, they melt and go runny,

just like the metal has. Let me show you something.

This is a piece of cooled-down lava that's come from a volcano.

It's a rock.

Yeah. This rock was hot lava a long, long time ago,

but it's cooled down and gone hard.

Where does lava come from?

Oh! I'll show you. Come with me.

This is a model of our planet Earth, and we can see what's inside.

It shows us what it's like very deep under ground.

This is the ground,

and underneath is a squishy part full of hot melted rock,

and it's hot because the centre of the earth is hot

and it heats up all the rocks around it.

And that's where lava comes from.

It's a very, very long way down.

Much deeper than you could ever dig a hole.

So, melting is when you heat something up and it goes runny.

And lava is a very hot melted rock from deep underground.

But why does it come out?

Good question, Belle.

Let's go back to the workshop for one final experiment.

So, let's have another look at a volcano erupting.

The lava from deep underground

is pushing up through the cracks in the earth.

And look - lava has bubbles in it.

So when the lava gets up near the surface, the bubbles want to escape.

Hmm. Here I have a bottle of fizzy water.

Can you see any bubbles in it?

No.

Well, let's see what happens when I open it.

Oh!

Can you see any bubbles now?

-Yeah!

-Yeah.

They're trying to escape, and I'm going to show you what happens

when the bubbles in lava escape, using some special chemicals.

So can I ask you guys to stand behind the safety screen for me.

Thank you very much.

And I'll put my goggles on.

Woo! And some gloves.

Remember, Nina has been specially trained to do this.

You should never try anything like this yourself.

Here goes!

Woo-hoo-hoo-hoo-hoo!

NEURONS: Wow!

Wow! That was amazing!

When I mixed the chemicals together,

the bubbles escaped and went upwards.

And the bubbles went up so fast they pushed the liquid up, too.

And the same thing happens in a volcano.

The bubbles in lava go up so fast they push the lava upwards, too.

And that's what's called an eruption.

And remember, there aren't many volcanoes

and they don't erupt very often.

So, your question was, what is a volcano,

and I think we've answered it.

We found out that volcanoes are big cones of rock

with hot lava inside that comes out.

When the lava comes out, it cools down and goes hard.

Lava is very hot melted rock that's gone all runny,

and it comes from way down deep in the middle of the earth.

Lava has bubbles in it.

When the lava gets near the surface, the bubbles try to escape

and it pushes the lava up out of the volcano.

So, I hope that's answered your question.

BOTH: Thanks, Nina. Bye!

You're welcome. Bye!

If you want to know more about the science that's all around us,

go to the Nina section on the CBeebies website. Have fun!

# Every day the sun comes up it brightens up the sky

# A brand-new day to understand

-# A chance to ask ourselves why

-Why?

# There's a world of possibilities outside our front door

# Front door

# So every day take a look around and explore

-# Explore,

-explore,

-explore,

-explore

# Exploring in the garden

# Grass

# Exploring in the park

# Rivers

# Exploring in the daytime

-# Mountains

-And even when it's dark

# Planets

# Look at the Earth, look at the sky Look at the world before us

-# Explore,

-explore,

-explore,

-explore

# We're always on the lookout

# We're Earth explorers

# O-oh o-oh

# We're Earth explorers

# O-oh o-oh

# We're Earth explorers. #

And remember, exploring is about looking at the world around us,

asking why and finding out the answer.

So whether it's deep underground, at the end of your playground

or way above the clouds, let's keep exploring our exciting world.

See you again soon. Bye.

ALL: Bye.

Subtitles by Red Bee Media Ltd