Episode 2 Fake Britain


Episode 2

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Transcript


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Welcome to a world where nothing is quite as it seems.

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Welcome to Fake Britain.

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Get down! Get down!

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Get your hands behind your back now!

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It's just an ordinary house - it could be anywhere in the country,

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but this is the Fake Britain house, and it's filled with fakes.

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You may not know it, but your home could be too.

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In this series, we'll be investigating the criminals,

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trying to get their hands on your cash,

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by using fraud, forgeries and fakery.

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And I'll be showing you how you can avoid being taken for a ride.

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Today, on Fake Britain -

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lorry drivers faking their working hours records...

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Hello, it's the police. Can you open it up, please?

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The driver had been on duty for some 111 hours, 44 minutes.

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..and the devastating effect this illegal tampering

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can have on innocent road users.

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The dangers are astronomical and, in some ways,

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these are ticking time bombs on our roads.

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Who can you trust to book your travel?

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We hear how a family of 11 fell victim to fake holiday tickets.

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I stood there thinking, "It's not happening. It's not happening to me."

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And are all degrees worth the paper they're written on?

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We expose the truth about fake degrees

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and the damage they're doing to Britain's job market.

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There are people taking jobs in this country who are not qualified,

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don't have the skills and are liars.

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This is a tachograph - there's one

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in every lorry on Britain's roads,

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and it produces a written record like this,

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with details of every journey the vehicle takes.

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This can be checked to make sure that the driver

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isn't driving too fast, or for too long.

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The system is designed to make Britain's roads safer.

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But what happens if this has been tampered with, making this a fake?

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Essex, 1pm.

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Police and Vehicle Agency officers

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are carrying out a stop-check operation

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on lorry drivers, to see if their vehicles and records are legitimate.

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Traffic officer PC Alastair Cuthbertson's heading to

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a vehicle check site, where officers have stopped a driver

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that they suspect has been faking his tachograph chart.

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Colleagues from VOSA have stopped a Portuguese-registered lorry

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and, on checking, they found that his driver's hours are false -

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they're fake records.

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We need to confirm when he was at rest and, as a result,

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we'll have a chat with him and see what we can find.

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The South East of England

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is a thoroughfare for truck drivers from overseas,

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but all must abide by EU laws when it comes to how many hours

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they can drive and when their rest periods should be taken.

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It seems one driver's got a total lack of respect for the law.

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They've asked me to come up here and help them deal with it,

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which is what we're going to do.

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Tachographs were introduced in the late '70s,

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to cap drivers' working hours, in a bid to make Britain's roads safer.

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Lorry drivers can operate up to nine hours a day,

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with a maximum of 56 hours a week, or 90 hours a fortnight.

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But fraudsters have developed ways to manipulate

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the tachograph recording device, to fake the charts - an offence that

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can carry a punishment of a £5,000 fine and up to two years in prison.

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Habla Ingles? Habla espanol?

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Espanol.

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Espanol. Me poquito espanol.

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OK? Muchos problemas.

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-No.

-Si. Si.

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The Portuguese driver may be denying faking his tachograph,

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but officers back at base have seen photos from police cameras

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that show the lorry was moving,

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even though his tachograph chart shows it was at rest.

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Basically, you're driving your truck - 13:16, you weren't asleep.

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Not resting.

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OK? Dartford Tunnel - again, we have a photograph of this, of you driving.

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Yeah?

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You were driving in Epping, and you weren't recording your driving.

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Fabricado... Not the truth. Yeah?

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Alastair suspects the Portuguese driver has used

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one of the more basic methods to fake his tachograph,

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which requires a simple bar magnet.

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To enable the records to be faked, you put a magnet on what is

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the gearbox sending unit.

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It sends the impulses up to the tachograph unit in the cab.

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By using a bar magnet,

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the driver can put the tachograph unit to sleep,

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which will stop his hours from being recorded

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and start creating a fake tachograph chart,

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which could pocket the driver and his company

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more cash by keeping the lorry on the road around the clock.

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Hello?

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Convinced the driver's adopting this method, Alastair's hoping

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the driver's boss will be able to persuade him to come clean.

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I don't want to make life difficult,

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but I would like him to give me the magnet, yeah? OK?

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Why don't you speak to your driver now and explain the situation,

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and you tell him what I want, please.

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I'd like honesty.

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After a quick chat, the driver finally sees sense.

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OK. Muchas gracias.

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Here we go - this is the magnet that he's used to make his records fake.

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He's now surrendered it, on his company's instructions.

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It's just a simple block magnet, quite strong,

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and that will clamp on and stop the records being correct,

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make fake records by using a magnet.

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With the magnet safely in custody,

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Alastair's stopped this illegal driver in his tracks.

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On this occasion, he's going to issue a warning and a fine,

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but more prolific fakers have ended up in prison.

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Clamping down on drivers faking their tachograph records

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is now a priority for Essex Police,

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after it witnessed one of the worst lorry crashes in recent years.

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It involved an exhausted driver,

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who'd been behind the wheel for one and a half times the legal limit.

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And that was one of the most complex scenes

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that I've ever arrived at - four goods vehicles,

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six cars. We didn't know how many people were injured at the time.

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It's a day Keith Mouthton, from Ilford in East London,

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will never be able to forget.

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On that Friday, my dad was driving the car,

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so I was in the passenger seat.

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We was coming off at the Lakeside turnoff, and there was a queue

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of traffic getting off of the motorway, onto that junction.

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And the only thing I can remember

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was being violently shook to one side.

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And then I see what I thought was a trailer coming towards me,

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and then I blacked out.

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From that moment on, I don't really remember

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too much about it, to be honest.

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The CCTV caught the details of what Anton Maizen,

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a driver from Germany, had done behind the wheel.

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Investigators found he'd failed to apply his brakes,

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as his lorry ploughed into the back of stationary traffic

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at a speed of 56 miles per hour.

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He'd left Germany the previous day,

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and had covered 840 miles over the last 23 hours,

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with the previous 15 spent behind the wheel.

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Many of us are drivers,

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and we can only imagine driving 800 miles in one 24-hour period.

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We would know that we were fighting the effects of sleep,

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and that we're endangering ourselves and everybody else around us.

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My dad was laying on my side, and cos I couldn't move,

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he was just laying there - his head was here.

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And I tried to talk to him, but nothing was coming back.

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And the next thing I remember was going to the air ambulance,

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and after that, I don't remember a thing.

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One of the moments that I came round,

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the first thing I asked is how my dad was.

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And that's when they told me.

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Keith's father Ronald didn't make it out alive.

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It's the little bits and pieces that I really miss, you know,

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and they're never going to come back,

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and I have to realise that.

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I've got very good memories of Dad, and they're the ones I keep.

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I miss my dad a lot.

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Anton Maizen had used multiple tachograph charts,

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so that the authorities wouldn't know

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how many hours he'd been driving.

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We found one tachograph chart screwed up in his sock.

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We found another hidden in the seat of his cab,

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and one actually in the tachograph head.

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I can only guess that he wanted to cover his tracks,

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self-preservation, and hide those fake records.

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Keith spent 18 days in hospital with a fractured pelvis,

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broken ribs and a punctured lung.

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One year on, his health is still suffering.

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I'm undergoing counselling for post-traumatic stress disorder,

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because I'm finding that actually dealing with the accident itself

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and the aftermath of it was very, very difficult.

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My wife does her best to cheer me up, but sometimes,

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the feelings are overwhelming

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and nothing can be done, and I just have to get through it.

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Words can't describe what I feel for my wife.

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Anton Maizen was sentenced to four and a half years in prison.

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For these drivers that are breaking the law

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by going over on their tachos, fiddling their tachos,

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I'd like to get hold of them and shake them,

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just to make sure they understand

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where I'm coming from,

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as I've been on the receiving end of it.

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Making fake records leads to tiredness,

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fatigue and this type of crash.

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Later, we see the outrageous

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number of hours behind the wheel

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some tachograph fakers are clocking up.

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The areas marked in red

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are those areas where the driver had actually driven,

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but had used the tachograph interrupter device

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to create a fraudulent record.

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And we show that not only do their interrupter devices

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fake the tachograph records,

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they can also transform the lorry into a death trap.

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We should be the slowest vehicle on this road.

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At this minute in time, we're the fastest vehicle on the road.

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Suntan lotion, a good book,

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shades,

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all very important for a great summer holiday,

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but not as important as this -

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your ticket to sun, sea and sand.

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Unless, that is, it turns out to be like this one - a fake.

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As one family of 11 found out,

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that means your holiday never gets off the ground.

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From Barcelona to the Bahamas,

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when it comes to Brits holidaying abroad, we are spoilt for choice.

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On almost every High Street in every town in the country,

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there'll be someone, somewhere, set up to sell you a holiday.

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But not all travel agents are there to send you to paradise.

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Some are fakers - they just want to pocket your hard-earned cash.

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When Maureen Keay, from Hull, downsized her house,

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she decided to spend the extra money on a holiday, but she didn't fancy

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just going by herself, she wanted the whole family to come with her -

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all 11 of them.

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There was myself, my daughter,

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her partner, my granddaughter,

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my grandson and their two partners,

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my great-grandchildren,

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and my other grandson.

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How generous, and a lovely treat for the family.

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With a little help from her eldest daughter Debbie,

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Maureen took to the web,

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and it wasn't long before she found something worth writing home about -

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a five-star resort in Antalya, in Turkey.

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And before you ask, no, it's not a fake.

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We'd never been together before and I thought it'd be really exciting,

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we'd be able to let our hair down and everything like that.

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Really looking forward to it.

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Now, we've looked at the dangers of booking through

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fake online travel agents before,

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but this wasn't going to be a problem for Maureen

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as she knew who she wanted to book through -

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a High Street travel agent called Ellen Harrison,

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who was based in Hull.

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Maureen had booked through her before and was impressed.

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Yeah, why not? She's got you

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loads of deals previously, and really good deals as well.

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Within two hours, she came back with a price for us all.

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And I said, "Grab it with both hands."

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Maureen paid £6,800 all-in,

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and to top it all,

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Ellen Harrison agreed to book the flights, the hotel,

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and the transfers, so they could enjoy a fuss-free family holiday.

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We was just over the moon. Really, really over the moon.

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The family printed the vouchers for their hotel, transfers,

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and their all-important E-tickets.

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They were now set to jet.

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But when they arrived at the airport check-in desk the following morning,

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events took an unexpected turn. They were told that

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the flight booking number on the E-tickets didn't exist.

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It looked like they'd just fallen for a fake.

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They took one look at the paperwork and said,

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"That's not one of our flights."

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And with that, it was the most sinking,

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heart-wrenching feeling you can imagine.

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I went into a shock mode, I just couldn't speak.

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I just stood there thinking, "It's not happening.

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"It's not happening to me. It's not happening to my family."

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Think of the worst moment in your life and that is what it was like.

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Once the dust had settled,

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Debbie took the paperwork relating to the holiday booking,

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which she now suspected was fake,

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to Detective Constable Steve Bromby at Humberside Police.

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On the surface, it all appeared to be legitimate.

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It looks like a genuine booking.

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It's got a booking reference number,

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it's got the destination of where they're travelling to and from.

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So, for example, this is from Manchester Airport.

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It gives the departure and return dates.

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It gives the lead name and all the people who are travelling.

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Looking at that, looks a genuine documentation.

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But as Steve Bromby dug a little deeper

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and contacted Flightline, the company Ellen Harrison

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was claiming she'd booked the flights through,

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it became clear the tickets weren't what they seemed.

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The reference number relates to another holiday.

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The font, in relation to the outward and inward, is incorrect,

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and there's information here relating to pricing

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which is completely missing off this

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but, on the genuine booking, would be in there.

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So the flight details Ellen Harrison had given the family

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were as fake as a spray tan.

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And it was about to get a whole lot worse, as Steve discovered

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the hotel voucher and transfer vouchers were also fakes.

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Manchester Airport - all sat on their cases

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with their hands on their faces,

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and I just said to Debbie, "I'm going to book another holiday."

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So Maureen booked another trip to Turkey

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and they flew out that day,

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but the new holiday cost Maureen a further £8,000.

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Coupled with the cost of the fake holiday,

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she was just shy of £15,000 out of pocket.

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Personally, I didn't enjoy the holiday.

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My children did, but I did not.

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I just thought, "How could she do that to me?"

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I just couldn't comprehend how somebody could do that

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to somebody who they know.

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But the actual detail on it...

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By looking at it, you would never realise how fake it was.

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As for Ellen Harrison, DC Steve Bromby had all the evidence

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he needed to prove she'd faked the tickets.

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She was given 120 hours' community service

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and ordered to pay Maureen compensation.

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It's not the fact that it's the money,

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it's the fact that she ruined the holiday.

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A holiday that we all was really looking forward to.

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And that is the hurting part about it.

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Earlier, we saw Essex Police catch a driver

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who'd been faking his tachograph records.

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This is the magnet that he's used

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to make his records fake.

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But it's not just happening in Essex.

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The Police Service of Northern Ireland's Superintendent David Moore

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is also waging war against the fakers, a battle he intends to win.

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In Northern Ireland, we have detected 50 vehicles being driven

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unlawfully in this manner in the last five years.

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We have active investigations running against seven haulage companies.

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And this is much more than about road safety,

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it's also about the fitness of these companies to operate,

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the fitness of the directors to run companies,

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it's about a level playing field in the commercial sector.

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But I want to bring it back to road safety.

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These people don't belong on our roads.

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Steven Spratt, Operations Manager at the Driver Enforcement Agency,

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Northern Ireland's equivalent of VOSA, can spot a faker a mile off.

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And after being the driving force behind recent prosecutions

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against drivers faking their records,

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he now knows all the tricks that they can use.

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Here's an example of an array of interrupter devices.

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In some instances, we have hard wiring -

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a simple relay device that operated through a toggle switch,

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it may have been a fog light switch, reversing light switch, whatever.

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And the effect of that was simply to switch off the signal

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going to the tachograph itself.

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These simple switches blend into the dashboard, and can create

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fake charts by cutting the signal to the lorry's tachograph recorder.

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But some fake-makers are even more sophisticated.

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This one uses RF technology, where it's a radio signal.

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Typically, that would send a signal to your garage door.

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It sends a signal to this receiver device.

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The device itself will be hidden

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somewhere inside the vehicle's construction

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and will operate as a simple remote switch itself,

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but very, very effective.

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And very, very clever.

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Stick it in your pocket and it looks just like the key to the yard,

0:18:460:18:49

so if the driver's stopped, they're less likely to get rumbled.

0:18:490:18:54

But the DVA's been fighting back,

0:18:540:18:56

and has already prosecuted two firms for sing these devices -

0:18:560:18:59

Dewart Transport Limited and Arnold Transport,

0:18:590:19:04

where both the drivers and the firms' owners

0:19:040:19:06

received suspended prison sentences.

0:19:060:19:08

In these cases, once they'd discovered

0:19:080:19:11

the tachograph faking equipment in the lorries,

0:19:110:19:13

Steven and his team had to prove that

0:19:130:19:15

they'd actually been used by drivers out on the road.

0:19:150:19:19

What we were able to do, in this particular case,

0:19:190:19:21

was to acquire GPS tracker records, to determine a minute-by-minute

0:19:210:19:26

movement of the actual vehicle itself.

0:19:260:19:28

In this case, a separate GPS tracker had been installed

0:19:280:19:32

in the lorry by the haulage company.

0:19:320:19:34

It's the same technology found in your average sat nav,

0:19:340:19:37

and gave the team a true record

0:19:370:19:40

of where and when the lorry had been driven.

0:19:400:19:43

When the team compared it to the suspected fake tachograph charts,

0:19:430:19:47

they got a bit of a shock.

0:19:470:19:49

In this particular case, there was 50% more driving done

0:19:490:19:54

than what was actually shown on the tachograph record.

0:19:540:19:57

The areas marked on the chart in red

0:19:570:20:00

are those areas where the driver had actually driven,

0:20:000:20:03

but had used the tachograph interrupter device

0:20:030:20:06

to create a fraudulent record.

0:20:060:20:08

And the inspectors would have seen this chart, as opposed to this chart.

0:20:080:20:14

Not only is this highly illegal, but also very unsafe,

0:20:140:20:18

as the drivers were using the fake charts to cover up the fact

0:20:180:20:21

they were working over twice the legal limit for driver hours.

0:20:210:20:25

During another similar investigation,

0:20:250:20:27

the driver had been on duty for some 111 hours, 44 minutes,

0:20:270:20:33

over a five-day period,

0:20:330:20:35

where he had only taken a maximum rest period of five hours.

0:20:350:20:38

If my maths is correct,

0:20:380:20:40

that means he was driving an average of just over 22 hours a day.

0:20:400:20:45

Studies have shown that almost 20% of accidents

0:20:450:20:48

on Britain's roads are related to tiredness,

0:20:480:20:51

and 40% of those involve commercial vehicles.

0:20:510:20:55

No question about the extent of fatigue and sleep deprivation.

0:20:550:20:59

And it's more shocking when you find out it's a fairly familiar story.

0:20:590:21:04

We met a lorry driver who was convicted of faking

0:21:040:21:07

his tachograph chart.

0:21:070:21:08

For his protection,

0:21:080:21:10

we've obscured his identity.

0:21:100:21:11

At his haulage firm,

0:21:110:21:13

it was company policy to use

0:21:130:21:14

an electronic tachograph interrupter device.

0:21:140:21:17

The boss come over and just says to you on the quiet,

0:21:170:21:20

"If you run out of time, this is what you do

0:21:200:21:24

"so that you can get your load finished."

0:21:240:21:27

He says, "It's no big deal, everybody's doing it."

0:21:270:21:30

Our anonymous driver claims he started using it

0:21:300:21:33

due to pressure from his boss

0:21:330:21:35

to get the deliveries done.

0:21:350:21:37

But slowly and surely, he was sucked into

0:21:370:21:39

the fraudulent world of the faker.

0:21:390:21:41

You're stressing and you're worrying about it,

0:21:410:21:44

and if you dwell on it, you get to the stage

0:21:440:21:47

where you're near physically sick.

0:21:470:21:49

End of the day, you have to learn to live with what you're doing.

0:21:490:21:54

It gets to be a way of life.

0:21:540:21:56

You just accept it and get on with it.

0:21:560:21:57

Faking it became the norm,

0:21:570:22:00

and drivers learned how to exist on barely any sleep.

0:22:000:22:04

You could pick lottery numbers, so you could,

0:22:040:22:06

as to just how many hours...

0:22:060:22:08

You're legally allowed to do nine or ten hours driving a day, depending.

0:22:080:22:13

There's drivers could do 20-plus.

0:22:130:22:15

I've heard of drivers going out on a Sunday

0:22:150:22:19

and not getting to bed till midweek - Tuesday or Wednesday.

0:22:190:22:23

You just grab 20/30 minutes, a wee power nap sort of thing.

0:22:230:22:27

You're driving, windows down, cups of coffee - usual story.

0:22:270:22:32

But it's not a story, it's the reality.

0:22:340:22:37

And it's not only the drivers

0:22:370:22:38

putting the lives of innocent motorists at risk,

0:22:380:22:42

it's the lorries themselves.

0:22:420:22:44

Once fitted, the tachograph faking device

0:22:460:22:48

can turn the lorry into a lethal machine,

0:22:480:22:51

as built-in safety systems are disabled,

0:22:510:22:53

along with the lorry's speed limiter.

0:22:530:22:56

PC Mike Rennie's taking out a lorry from a previous investigation

0:22:570:23:00

that's rigged with a tachograph interrupting device,

0:23:000:23:04

to see just how dangerous it can be.

0:23:040:23:06

145, we're about to head off. Could you reset your trip?

0:23:060:23:09

This is a risky operation.

0:23:090:23:11

Three police vehicles are travelling in convoy with the lorry,

0:23:110:23:15

to make sure they're safe at all times.

0:23:150:23:17

It's just giving us a safer environment to work in.

0:23:190:23:22

It's to act as a safety barrier for any other road users.

0:23:220:23:27

Mike activates the tachograph faker which is hidden in the lorry,

0:23:270:23:30

and immediately, the speedometer is disabled.

0:23:300:23:34

The test is now on.

0:23:340:23:35

You can actually physically feel yourself

0:23:350:23:38

being thrown into the back of the seat.

0:23:380:23:40

Almost instantly,

0:23:400:23:41

there's an issue with one of the lorry's most vital safety systems.

0:23:410:23:46

If you look at the dashboard in front of me,

0:23:460:23:48

the top right-hand corner, there's a brake warning light came on.

0:23:480:23:51

That is showing that there is a possible problem with the ABS.

0:23:510:23:56

ABS is the lorry's anti-lock braking system.

0:23:570:24:01

Failure can cause the wheels to lock when the brakes are applied,

0:24:010:24:04

causing the lorry to skid. Not good.

0:24:040:24:07

With the device fitted,

0:24:070:24:09

all the lorry's safety systems are in meltdown.

0:24:090:24:12

But that's not the only danger here.

0:24:120:24:15

More worryingly, the lorry's speed limiter has also been disabled,

0:24:150:24:18

meaning it can now travel at speeds well above

0:24:180:24:21

the legal restriction of 56 miles per hour.

0:24:210:24:24

The traffic car behind us has now told us

0:24:270:24:29

we're travelling at 80 miles per hour.

0:24:290:24:31

85.

0:24:320:24:34

You don't get the concept of the speed we're travelling at.

0:24:340:24:38

The ramifications if anything happened in front of us

0:24:380:24:41

would be severe, trying to stop such a heavy vehicle at this speed,

0:24:410:24:44

hence the reason we have the closure in place.

0:24:440:24:48

It's lucky, as the lorry's stopping distance

0:24:480:24:52

is now double what it should be.

0:24:520:24:54

We're overtaking everything on this road, which should not be the case.

0:24:540:24:57

We should be the slowest vehicle on this road.

0:24:570:24:59

At this minute in time, we're the fastest vehicle on the road.

0:24:590:25:03

Look how quick we are catching up with that car.

0:25:030:25:07

That should not be happening.

0:25:070:25:08

The dangers of travelling at this speed

0:25:080:25:10

don't even bear thinking about,

0:25:100:25:12

and as the surrounding police cars pave a safe route for the lorry,

0:25:120:25:16

Mike is in for quite a shock.

0:25:160:25:18

95 miles an hour - I'm going to ease back.

0:25:180:25:20

We've just peaked at 100 miles an hour...

0:25:260:25:29

..and truth be told, that came as quite a surprise,

0:25:310:25:36

because there was no concept of

0:25:360:25:37

having travelled at that sort of a speed.

0:25:370:25:41

This vehicle is being test driven in a controlled environment,

0:25:410:25:44

by an advanced police driver.

0:25:440:25:46

But clearly, the speed has taken its toll.

0:25:460:25:49

The lorry's hit a problem.

0:25:490:25:50

-We've an engine malfunction there, Mark.

-Yeah.

-It's all right?

0:25:500:25:55

What's the temperatures like?

0:25:550:25:57

The battery light's came on.

0:25:590:26:00

Temperature's down.

0:26:020:26:04

Excess speed, tired drivers, and major mechanical faults,

0:26:040:26:09

it's no wonder that Superintendant Moore is working hard

0:26:090:26:12

to drive these fakers off the road.

0:26:120:26:14

I don't want to get over-dramatic here,

0:26:140:26:16

but imagine a comparison made with the commercial aircraft industry.

0:26:160:26:21

A 40-ton vehicle being controlled by someone who is exhausted,

0:26:210:26:25

where all the safety systems, designed though experience

0:26:250:26:30

and learning over many years, have simply been disabled.

0:26:300:26:33

And in a way, it's even more dangerous,

0:26:330:26:36

because these things aren't operating high in the sky,

0:26:360:26:38

they're operating feet away from primary schools,

0:26:380:26:41

inches away from other road users in much smaller vehicles.

0:26:410:26:45

The dangers are astronomical, and in some ways,

0:26:450:26:48

these are ticking time bombs on our roads.

0:26:480:26:51

Later, we follow the authorities as they raid a haulage firm

0:26:510:26:55

suspected of faking their records on an industrial scale.

0:26:550:26:58

This is what's known as a tachograph interrupter device.

0:26:580:27:02

Take a look at this.

0:27:070:27:09

It's a degree certificate - the gold standard in higher education.

0:27:090:27:13

But as you may have guessed, as this is the Fake Britain house,

0:27:130:27:17

this one is a fake. Now, we've dealt with

0:27:170:27:20

bogus qualifications before on Fake Britain,

0:27:200:27:23

but what we're finding now is the production of these

0:27:230:27:27

is so widespread and so sophisticated

0:27:270:27:29

that it's causing a real problem in the job market,

0:27:290:27:33

not least for those genuine students

0:27:330:27:36

who spent time and money getting a real degree.

0:27:360:27:40

It's reckoned that by having a degree,

0:27:410:27:44

you'll earn around 61% more than your non-university-educated peers.

0:27:440:27:49

So it's no wonder there are fakers out there

0:27:490:27:52

trying to cash in on the job market.

0:27:520:27:53

Something which is of concern to Jane Rowley,

0:27:550:27:58

who runs a government-backed organisation

0:27:580:28:00

responsible for verifying people's qualification,

0:28:000:28:03

called the Higher Education Degree Datacheck.

0:28:030:28:07

We've got tens of thousands of students and graduates

0:28:070:28:10

paying a lot of money now for a university degree

0:28:100:28:13

from the UK, who are potentially being disadvantaged

0:28:130:28:16

in the job market by people with fake degrees.

0:28:160:28:20

So they're not getting job opportunities

0:28:200:28:22

because a fraudster is getting in ahead of them.

0:28:220:28:24

And it could be happening in a workplace near you,

0:28:240:28:27

as a recent survey of university graduates found that

0:28:270:28:30

two thirds felt the increase in tuition fees

0:28:300:28:33

is making buying a fake degree certificate more tempting.

0:28:330:28:37

14% confirmed they knew someone who had bought one,

0:28:370:28:41

or who was considering it.

0:28:410:28:43

For undergraduates like Ryan, Max and Olivia,

0:28:430:28:45

at the University of Manchester, that doesn't come as welcome news.

0:28:450:28:49

It's almost like our degrees are quite insecure, in a way,

0:28:490:28:52

because we work really hard for three years

0:28:520:28:56

to get a good qualification,

0:28:560:28:58

and if somebody can come and get exactly the same thing

0:28:580:29:01

by spending 50 quid, then it demerits our degrees.

0:29:010:29:07

And with a degree costing students a whopping £27,000 in fees alone,

0:29:070:29:13

it's not surprising they want to protect themselves from fakers.

0:29:130:29:16

It's a global problem.

0:29:160:29:18

The UK has a very strong reputation in the world for higher education,

0:29:180:29:23

so there's a real advantage in having a UK degree, even if it's a fake.

0:29:230:29:27

Jane's seen hundreds of example of fake degree certificates,

0:29:270:29:31

and they're getting better.

0:29:310:29:33

I've got a certificate here from the University of Nottingham.

0:29:330:29:36

This is a real university, and this is someone who has used

0:29:360:29:40

a real Nottingham certificate as the basis for a fake certificate.

0:29:400:29:44

It's got the right crest, it's got the right hologram,

0:29:440:29:47

and all the details are correct.

0:29:470:29:49

Nottingham have confirmed to us that the student

0:29:490:29:51

named on this certificate

0:29:510:29:53

has not ever been enrolled at Nottingham University,

0:29:530:29:56

so it is wise to check with the issuing university.

0:29:560:29:59

Even when the certificate looks real, you can still be looking at a fake.

0:29:590:30:02

Degrees targeting the international job market are also in circulation,

0:30:020:30:07

with fake university names, based on well-known British places.

0:30:070:30:12

Chelsea University, which of course is not

0:30:120:30:15

and has never been a real university in the UK.

0:30:150:30:18

No, but it does come with a package of other fake documents

0:30:180:30:22

which do make it look, well, authentic.

0:30:220:30:25

It's then backed up with a full transcript

0:30:250:30:27

of the marks of this individual.

0:30:270:30:29

Not only that, it's got two letters of recommendation from doctors

0:30:290:30:34

and professors at Chelsea University.

0:30:340:30:36

Now, if you had all of these documents together,

0:30:360:30:39

you might be convinced that this is a real student

0:30:390:30:42

and not check back to see that Chelsea is a fake institution.

0:30:420:30:45

This is what's known as a degree mill, or bogus university,

0:30:450:30:49

and it has no official accreditation in the UK.

0:30:490:30:52

It just churns out fake degrees for a fee, most commonly bought online.

0:30:520:30:57

It's a lucrative business and, in fact,

0:30:570:30:59

they do compete with each other.

0:30:590:31:01

There are so many degree mills out there

0:31:010:31:03

that they've started to compete against each other, saying -

0:31:030:31:06

we provide better fake qualifications than another site down the road.

0:31:060:31:10

There are around 130 of these fake institutions in the UK,

0:31:100:31:15

and they're getting more and more sophisticated.

0:31:150:31:18

On first glance, you might think this is a certificate

0:31:180:31:21

from the University of Wolverhampton, but if you look closely,

0:31:210:31:24

you can see that there isn't a "P"

0:31:240:31:26

in the word "Wolverhampton",

0:31:260:31:27

so this is a fake certificate

0:31:270:31:29

from a degree mill.

0:31:290:31:30

What we have got for the University of Wolverhamton, without a "P",

0:31:300:31:33

is a back-up website.

0:31:330:31:35

The wording and the photos are, in fact, copied from

0:31:350:31:39

the real University of Wolverhampton's site -

0:31:390:31:42

the one with the "P".

0:31:420:31:44

But on the fake site, there's a clever additional feature.

0:31:440:31:48

And it also has a section where you can check this certificate.

0:31:480:31:51

If I got to "search profile", and enter that student ID...

0:31:510:31:56

..it will pull up the named student on this certificate

0:31:580:32:02

and the marks the student obtained, to say - yes, we are authenticating

0:32:020:32:06

this student from the University of Wolverhamton.

0:32:060:32:09

So if an employer wants to check that the student did attend

0:32:090:32:12

the university, they just log on to the fake website, and...

0:32:120:32:16

Within seconds, I've got a verification

0:32:160:32:18

that the certificate I've got in my hand is a real student,

0:32:180:32:22

a real graduate from that university.

0:32:220:32:24

Unfortunately, they're both completely fake.

0:32:240:32:26

We took to the web to find out just how easy it is to buy

0:32:260:32:30

one of these fake degrees. A couple of clicks later,

0:32:300:32:34

we'd found a catalogue of websites offering replacement degrees,

0:32:340:32:38

replica degree certificates and - my personal favourite -

0:32:380:32:40

genuine fake degrees.

0:32:400:32:42

UK plc itself is being duped because there are people taking jobs

0:32:420:32:47

in this country who are not qualified, don't have the skills

0:32:470:32:51

and, at its most basic level, are liars.

0:32:510:32:54

It's illegal in this country

0:32:540:32:56

to present yourself with a fake degree,

0:32:560:32:59

and it can carry a sentence of up to ten years.

0:32:590:33:02

One place where a degree faker was found

0:33:030:33:06

was the seaside town of Torquay,

0:33:060:33:09

more associated with summer fun than scam artists.

0:33:090:33:12

But not if you're DC Nicola Zuliya, of Devon and Cornwall Police,

0:33:120:33:17

when she received a call from a local school

0:33:170:33:20

claiming a teacher had tried to use fake degree certificates.

0:33:200:33:23

It hit our hat peg right at the end of the day,

0:33:230:33:26

as we were about to go home, and it was apparent that

0:33:260:33:29

it wasn't something that could sit around and wait

0:33:290:33:31

cos we didn't want her continue teaching vulnerable students,

0:33:310:33:35

if it was a genuine allegation.

0:33:350:33:38

41-year-old Dr Julia Rawlinson -

0:33:400:33:42

or, at least, she was claiming to have a doctorate -

0:33:420:33:45

had been working at the Westlands School in Torquay

0:33:450:33:47

on a temporary basis,

0:33:470:33:49

helping biology students with their coursework,

0:33:490:33:52

when she applied for a permanent job.

0:33:520:33:54

She gave photocopies of her degree certificates to the school,

0:33:540:33:58

claiming she'd lost the originals in a flood.

0:33:580:34:01

So the school provided me with these certificates.

0:34:010:34:04

She had one in a Doctorate of Science Psychology,

0:34:040:34:06

and a Master of Science Psychology,

0:34:060:34:08

both from Glasgow Caledonian University.

0:34:080:34:11

The photocopies would have been the first flag to the school, really.

0:34:110:34:15

That's what led them to contact the university

0:34:150:34:18

and ask them, "Did she study with you?

0:34:180:34:21

"Did she obtain this qualification?"

0:34:210:34:23

The answer the university gave to the school was very simple -

0:34:230:34:27

no, she didn't study there.

0:34:270:34:29

And after closer examination,

0:34:290:34:31

they discovered a few things that weren't quite right.

0:34:310:34:34

Things like the text on them was wrong,

0:34:340:34:37

the imagery on it was just not correct.

0:34:370:34:40

And, in fact, it's been signed by the chancellor and the principal,

0:34:400:34:43

and they bear no resemblance either,

0:34:430:34:45

so the certificates that she provided were really, really poor.

0:34:450:34:49

As the saying goes, the devil's in the detail,

0:34:490:34:52

and there was something else that Julia Rawlinson had overlooked.

0:34:520:34:56

She alleged that she got her Doctorate in July 1996,

0:34:560:35:01

and the Masters in August 1993.

0:35:010:35:05

Those courses didn't run in those years,

0:35:050:35:08

so she hadn't paid attention to the minute detail.

0:35:080:35:11

Nicola carried out a search of

0:35:110:35:13

Julia Rawlinson's house

0:35:130:35:15

and discovered a folder containing

0:35:150:35:17

a whole catalogue of fake degrees

0:35:170:35:19

that looked like they'd been cut and pasted together at home

0:35:190:35:22

and photocopied to cover her tracks.

0:35:220:35:25

And they weren't just limited to British universities either.

0:35:260:35:29

She had three from South Africa, but again, with one fatal flaw.

0:35:290:35:34

Actually, when you look at the dates,

0:35:340:35:37

she obtained two different degrees

0:35:370:35:40

in July and October of 1990

0:35:400:35:42

and one in November 1987,

0:35:420:35:44

and that would be nigh-on impossible to complete.

0:35:440:35:48

Unless, of course, you're faking it.

0:35:480:35:50

And along with the certificates,

0:35:500:35:52

Nicola unearthed a stack of fake CVs,

0:35:520:35:54

but what was concerning was that

0:35:540:35:56

one of the jobs was genuine.

0:35:560:35:59

Julia Rawlinson had been working for Edexcel,

0:35:590:36:02

marking GSCE and A-level exam papers.

0:36:020:36:05

It was worrying at the time, because we didn't know what sort of impact,

0:36:050:36:09

especially with her marking papers,

0:36:090:36:11

whether things would have to be recalled

0:36:110:36:14

and papers would have to be re-marked.

0:36:140:36:16

Nicola contacted all the universities from which

0:36:180:36:21

Julia Rawlinson had a certificate.

0:36:210:36:24

She was told that not only were all five of the degrees fake,

0:36:240:36:27

but that Julia didn't have a degree to her name,

0:36:270:36:30

so therefore wasn't a real doctor.

0:36:300:36:32

She'd even faked her qualified teacher status,

0:36:320:36:35

so she didn't have the proper credentials

0:36:350:36:37

to teach in the first place.

0:36:370:36:39

But there was one certificate that appeared to be real.

0:36:390:36:43

One of the certificates that we found at her home, along with

0:36:430:36:46

the forged documents,

0:36:460:36:48

was a genuine Postgraduate Certificate in Education

0:36:480:36:51

from De Montfort University.

0:36:510:36:54

We contacted De Montfort University

0:36:540:36:57

and it became apparent that

0:36:570:36:58

that would not be a valid qualification now

0:36:580:37:01

because she obtained her place on that course through deceit

0:37:010:37:04

and didn't have the qualifications

0:37:040:37:07

in which to complete the PGCE in the first place.

0:37:070:37:09

Nicola had seen enough.

0:37:090:37:12

Armed with the fake degrees, it was time to give Julia Rawlinson

0:37:120:37:15

a different type of interview, where she pleaded guilty to fraud

0:37:150:37:19

and was given nine months at Her Majesty's pleasure.

0:37:190:37:22

As for the children she'd been helping at Westlands School

0:37:230:37:27

whilst faking it as a qualified teacher,

0:37:270:37:29

her arrest and prosecution had caused a major disruption

0:37:290:37:33

to their lives, just as they were about to take their exams.

0:37:330:37:36

She hadn't just forged a document to obtain a bit of money,

0:37:360:37:39

she'd had an impact on 60 or 80 children's lives.

0:37:390:37:45

They didn't obtain the grades that they wanted to obtain,

0:37:450:37:48

and I think the custodial sentence

0:37:480:37:50

reflected the severity of what she'd done.

0:37:500:37:52

Earlier, we saw just how dangerous lorries can become when fitted

0:37:580:38:02

with devices that enable the driver to fake the tachograph records.

0:38:020:38:06

These are ticking time bombs on our roads.

0:38:070:38:10

And here in Northern Ireland, the authorities are preparing

0:38:120:38:15

to investigate a haulage firm

0:38:150:38:17

suspected of using sophisticated tachograph interrupter devices

0:38:170:38:21

to fake their charts.

0:38:210:38:23

The police aren't taking any chances.

0:38:230:38:26

The threat level here is severe,

0:38:260:38:28

and to that end, ballistic body armour is to be worn

0:38:280:38:31

if you are outside.

0:38:310:38:34

Over 30 police and DVA officers have been assembled

0:38:340:38:38

for this major intelligence-led operation.

0:38:380:38:41

The objective is to seize documentation and computers,

0:38:410:38:46

and also, any relevant vehicles which have been involved in

0:38:460:38:49

any sort of tachograph fraud.

0:38:490:38:51

When the team arrives at the yard,

0:38:520:38:54

every single one of the firm's lorries will have to be examined

0:38:540:38:57

to see whether they contain electronic devices

0:38:570:38:59

used to create fake records.

0:38:590:39:02

With months in the planning, this is the biggest operation

0:39:040:39:07

of its kind in Northern Ireland.

0:39:070:39:09

-Hello?

-Hello!

0:39:090:39:12

Hello, it's the police, we've got a warrant to search the premises.

0:39:120:39:14

Can you open the gate, please?

0:39:140:39:16

Could you open it up, please?!

0:39:160:39:18

The team are in and waste no time getting down to business.

0:39:190:39:22

Each cab has to be searched to see if it contains

0:39:230:39:26

a tachograph interrupter device which could lead to fake readings.

0:39:260:39:30

DVA tachograph expert Mickey McGuinness

0:39:320:39:34

starts stripping down the lorries.

0:39:340:39:37

For a start, pull the fuse box out.

0:39:370:39:39

A feel of where the loom...

0:39:390:39:42

What he's looking for is any additional wiring

0:39:420:39:45

coming in or out of the tachograph recording unit,

0:39:450:39:48

which is located behind the speedometer.

0:39:480:39:51

They've been cut. This has been cut.

0:39:520:39:55

It appears Mickey's arrived a little too late.

0:39:560:39:59

He suspects the tachograph faking device has been removed,

0:39:590:40:03

sparking fears their operation may have been rumbled.

0:40:030:40:06

It looks like there may have been one at another time.

0:40:060:40:10

The armoured cable looks fairly fresh,

0:40:100:40:12

as if it has been replaced at a stage.

0:40:120:40:14

But it's not over yet.

0:40:140:40:17

In another lorry, Mickey thinks he's found something.

0:40:170:40:20

There are two wires protruding from the back of the tachograph

0:40:200:40:24

that shouldn't be there.

0:40:240:40:26

Bingo. He's found what looks like

0:40:260:40:28

evidence of a tampered tachograph recorder.

0:40:280:40:31

Wires have been added to the back panel and a switch installed

0:40:330:40:36

that could allow the unit to be turned off.

0:40:360:40:38

We have traced the wires back further in

0:40:380:40:42

and, on removing this part of the panel,

0:40:420:40:45

this wiring here is connected to just an ordinary looking switch.

0:40:450:40:50

This is what's known as a tachograph interrupter device.

0:40:500:40:52

By flicking this switch,

0:40:540:40:55

the driver can start creating a fake tachograph chart.

0:40:550:40:59

This means that the driver can drive for longer than he's permitted.

0:40:590:41:03

In another lorry, PC Mike Rennie's found a stash of tachograph charts.

0:41:050:41:10

We have a box of previous tachographs.

0:41:110:41:14

It gives us a rough idea of the driver's movements.

0:41:140:41:18

The trace that's shown at the end of the pen would be a speed trace.

0:41:180:41:22

That tells us how fast the vehicle was going.

0:41:220:41:24

Then we have the mode trace

0:41:240:41:25

that tells us what the driver's been doing.

0:41:250:41:27

These charts could contain crucial evidence in the case.

0:41:270:41:32

Investigators will compare these against records seized

0:41:320:41:35

from the firm's office to determine whether the devices have been used.

0:41:350:41:38

If the driver uses a device, that's the line,

0:41:380:41:42

that's the trace we would see there, the vehicle at rest,

0:41:420:41:45

when in fact, the vehicle has been moving.

0:41:450:41:47

In that situation, a driver could work

0:41:470:41:49

until his heart's content, whilst producing a fake tachograph chart

0:41:490:41:53

to fool the authorities if he was stopped.

0:41:530:41:56

Meanwhile, Mickey's found

0:41:560:41:57

what he thinks could be an interrupter device.

0:41:570:42:00

Can you space those? There's two going to this switch here.

0:42:000:42:03

You see that one there?

0:42:040:42:06

Oh, that looks like it. That looks like one, all right.

0:42:060:42:09

With another device in the bag,

0:42:100:42:11

the team is quickly putting the brakes on this faking operation.

0:42:110:42:15

Over in the offices, the financial investigation team

0:42:150:42:18

has bagged and tagged the firm's computers and driver paperwork,

0:42:180:42:22

which will also be analysed as part of the investigation.

0:42:220:42:26

We have tachograph charts in the bag.

0:42:260:42:28

That's relating to the drivers' hours.

0:42:280:42:31

Also relating to vehicle movements, distances the vehicle's travelled.

0:42:310:42:35

There'll be tachographs relating to every vehicle

0:42:350:42:37

that we've seized today,

0:42:370:42:39

so there's a good bit of evidence contained within the bags.

0:42:390:42:43

After combing a number of cabs,

0:42:430:42:45

the DVA have found six lorries that they suspect are faking it.

0:42:450:42:49

They take them into custody,

0:42:490:42:51

where they'll be stripped back by forensic experts at a later date.

0:42:510:42:54

An operation of this sort, you never really know

0:42:540:42:57

what you're going to find.

0:42:570:42:59

But, yes, there's more than was anticipated,

0:42:590:43:01

but again, it's a good day to get these vehicles off the road.

0:43:010:43:04

That's all from Fake Britain. Goodbye.

0:43:090:43:11

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