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In 1840, one man transformed travel in Britain and Ireland. | 0:00:05 | 0:00:10 | |
His name was George Bradshaw | 0:00:10 | 0:00:12 | |
and his railway guides inspired the Victorians to take to the tracks. | 0:00:12 | 0:00:17 | |
Stop by stop he told them where to travel, | 0:00:18 | 0:00:21 | |
what to see and where to stay. | 0:00:21 | 0:00:23 | |
Now, 170 years later, I'm making a series of journeys | 0:00:25 | 0:00:29 | |
across the length and breadth of these islands | 0:00:29 | 0:00:31 | |
to see what of Bradshaw's world remains. | 0:00:31 | 0:00:36 | |
For this journey I've crossed the Irish Sea | 0:01:00 | 0:01:02 | |
using my Bradshaw's Guide to Great Britain and Ireland. | 0:01:02 | 0:01:06 | |
When my descriptive railway handbook was published in the 1860s | 0:01:06 | 0:01:10 | |
the two formed a United Kingdom under the reign of Queen Victoria. | 0:01:10 | 0:01:15 | |
Although industrialisation was more pronounced | 0:01:15 | 0:01:17 | |
in England, Wales and Scotland, | 0:01:17 | 0:01:20 | |
there was an extensive railway network in the Emerald Isle. | 0:01:20 | 0:01:24 | |
Today I'll learn the ancient art of butter-making. | 0:01:26 | 0:01:29 | |
It's exquisite, Eamon. It's a taste of the Irish rain. | 0:01:29 | 0:01:32 | |
Thank you very, very, very much. | 0:01:32 | 0:01:35 | |
I'll tackle the basics of Ireland's oldest game. | 0:01:35 | 0:01:37 | |
So, what's the first thing I have to learn? | 0:01:37 | 0:01:39 | |
-Just... -Is to bounce it on my...hurley. | 0:01:39 | 0:01:42 | |
-Hurley. Yeah. -Oops! | 0:01:42 | 0:01:44 | |
And I'll ride the Duke of Devonshire's | 0:01:44 | 0:01:46 | |
Victorian Irish railway. | 0:01:46 | 0:01:48 | |
In case the Duke of Devonshire is watching, | 0:01:48 | 0:01:51 | |
I want to thank your ancestor, sir, | 0:01:51 | 0:01:53 | |
for giving us this lovely railway. | 0:01:53 | 0:01:57 | |
Using my Bradshaw's guide, I'm following tracks | 0:01:59 | 0:02:02 | |
which opened up the rich resources of the south of Ireland | 0:02:02 | 0:02:05 | |
to tourists and trade. | 0:02:05 | 0:02:07 | |
I'll then travel north to discover Ireland's 19th century heart, | 0:02:07 | 0:02:12 | |
before turning west to finish in beautiful Galway. | 0:02:12 | 0:02:16 | |
Today's leg begins in Charleville, on the northern tip of County Cork, | 0:02:16 | 0:02:20 | |
takes in County Tipperary and ends in the city of Waterford. | 0:02:20 | 0:02:26 | |
My Bradshaw's is rather unfair. | 0:02:28 | 0:02:31 | |
The constant drizzle is the chief drawback, | 0:02:31 | 0:02:34 | |
but this gives Ireland its emerald green. | 0:02:34 | 0:02:36 | |
It's said that the rain never leaves off | 0:02:36 | 0:02:39 | |
but on the 30th of February. | 0:02:39 | 0:02:41 | |
Well, the rain may be inconvenient to the tourist | 0:02:41 | 0:02:44 | |
but it's given Ireland an industry that is the envy of the world. | 0:02:44 | 0:02:48 | |
Dairy farming. | 0:02:48 | 0:02:50 | |
Founded in 1661, Charleville, in County Cork, | 0:02:54 | 0:02:58 | |
was named after King Charles II. | 0:02:58 | 0:03:01 | |
Linen and wool were its first staples | 0:03:03 | 0:03:05 | |
but after the railways arrived in 1849, | 0:03:05 | 0:03:08 | |
dairy farmers, and butter-makers in particular took full advantage. | 0:03:08 | 0:03:12 | |
I'm meeting Eamon O'Sullivan, | 0:03:22 | 0:03:23 | |
who can trace his butter-making and railway roots | 0:03:23 | 0:03:26 | |
all the way back to Bradshaw's day. | 0:03:26 | 0:03:28 | |
Ha-ha! Eamon! | 0:03:28 | 0:03:31 | |
Not many people have a railway signal in their garden. | 0:03:31 | 0:03:33 | |
-Why do you have it? -Because you see a signal, | 0:03:33 | 0:03:35 | |
I see a monument, a monument to thousands of employees | 0:03:35 | 0:03:41 | |
that built the railways, that laid the track, | 0:03:41 | 0:03:44 | |
that controlled the signals, that worked in the station, | 0:03:44 | 0:03:48 | |
like my own dad and my granddad. | 0:03:48 | 0:03:50 | |
I was actually born under a signal. | 0:03:50 | 0:03:53 | |
-Were you? -And my mother, the day I was born, | 0:03:53 | 0:03:56 | |
on February 8, 1953, | 0:03:56 | 0:03:59 | |
there was a big noise and she said, "Don't worry, luvvie," she said. | 0:03:59 | 0:04:03 | |
I was two hours old. "That's the 1730 going down to Cork." | 0:04:03 | 0:04:06 | |
-The first sound you heard was a train. -A steam train. | 0:04:06 | 0:04:09 | |
I've come to talk to you about butter. What is the connection between railways and butter? | 0:04:09 | 0:04:13 | |
If you were a farmer in West Limerick | 0:04:13 | 0:04:15 | |
and you had 50 miles to travel to the marketplace, which was Cork, | 0:04:15 | 0:04:19 | |
it took 12 hours. When the train stopped in Charleville, Michael, | 0:04:19 | 0:04:22 | |
it took one hour. So you had your product | 0:04:22 | 0:04:25 | |
efficiently gone to the marketplace in Cork. | 0:04:25 | 0:04:28 | |
And all that because of the train, so I take double pride | 0:04:28 | 0:04:32 | |
in being a railway child and also being on my mother's side | 0:04:32 | 0:04:37 | |
descended from great dairy people who knew about making butter. | 0:04:37 | 0:04:41 | |
Replacing the 'butter roads' that once connected | 0:04:41 | 0:04:44 | |
County Cork's rural areas with its towns, | 0:04:44 | 0:04:46 | |
railways sped up the delivery of dairy products, | 0:04:46 | 0:04:50 | |
like the butter Eamon and his daughters produce traditionally | 0:04:50 | 0:04:54 | |
from its raw material - cream. | 0:04:54 | 0:04:57 | |
Now, Michael, if you entered a house in the past, | 0:04:57 | 0:05:01 | |
it was very good manners to take part in the churning, | 0:05:01 | 0:05:05 | |
so I'm going to ask you to wish the butter good luck | 0:05:05 | 0:05:07 | |
and a good yield and good flavour | 0:05:07 | 0:05:09 | |
that you would operate the churning for a few minutes. | 0:05:09 | 0:05:12 | |
-Just like this? -Just like this. | 0:05:12 | 0:05:13 | |
Eamon, what is it I'm doing here, what am I achieving? | 0:05:13 | 0:05:16 | |
Michael, you're doing something that people did 400 years ago. | 0:05:16 | 0:05:20 | |
That's the oldest form of butter churning. | 0:05:20 | 0:05:22 | |
Now, what happens next, after that? | 0:05:22 | 0:05:24 | |
Now, what you have now is buttermilk and butter grains. | 0:05:24 | 0:05:27 | |
You took one product and you made two. | 0:05:27 | 0:05:29 | |
You took one product and, like Paul Daniels, you did magic. | 0:05:29 | 0:05:33 | |
You did magic! And look now, you've two products. | 0:05:33 | 0:05:36 | |
You've buttermilk and butter grains. | 0:05:36 | 0:05:39 | |
So, Edwina is working the moisture out now and the air. | 0:05:39 | 0:05:42 | |
Now, I see why you get the water out, of course | 0:05:42 | 0:05:44 | |
but why do you need to get the air out as well? | 0:05:44 | 0:05:47 | |
Very important you take the air out, because bacteria need three things, | 0:05:47 | 0:05:50 | |
they need heat, food and moisture, | 0:05:50 | 0:05:53 | |
so, we reduce the temperature, which takes out the heat. | 0:05:53 | 0:05:56 | |
We take out the air, which takes out the oxygen | 0:05:56 | 0:05:59 | |
and we take out the moisture, which takes out the food source | 0:05:59 | 0:06:02 | |
and we salt it as well, which shouldn't allow | 0:06:02 | 0:06:04 | |
or encourage bacteria to grow. So, you get good flavour | 0:06:04 | 0:06:07 | |
-and long keeping. -Ah, that's why you put salt in it as well, is it? | 0:06:07 | 0:06:11 | |
-Exactly. -Edwina, may I have a little go at that? | 0:06:11 | 0:06:13 | |
-Most definitely. -So, what do I have to do? | 0:06:13 | 0:06:15 | |
Just squeeze to get the water and the air out. | 0:06:15 | 0:06:17 | |
Yeah. Now, if you take the heel of your hand and go like that. | 0:06:17 | 0:06:20 | |
Yeah, OK. Like this. | 0:06:20 | 0:06:22 | |
-I can see water still coming out. -That's right. | 0:06:22 | 0:06:24 | |
-And you can fold it in like this. -Uh-huh. | 0:06:24 | 0:06:26 | |
It's rather satisfying. | 0:06:26 | 0:06:27 | |
I can show you the shaping into the block, if you'd like? | 0:06:27 | 0:06:30 | |
Ooh, that will be difficult, I should think. OK, show me how you do that. | 0:06:30 | 0:06:33 | |
Now, mind the splashes. It's just... | 0:06:35 | 0:06:38 | |
Mmm, beautiful. | 0:06:48 | 0:06:52 | |
Now, Michael, Louise is actually going to wrap the pound of butter. | 0:06:52 | 0:06:56 | |
Just like doing Christmas presents, isn't it? | 0:06:56 | 0:06:58 | |
A little block of gold. | 0:06:58 | 0:07:00 | |
In a world dominated by technology, | 0:07:03 | 0:07:05 | |
it's heartening that traditions dating back to Bradshaw | 0:07:05 | 0:07:08 | |
and beyond still thrive. | 0:07:08 | 0:07:10 | |
Michael, this is the fruit of our labour | 0:07:12 | 0:07:16 | |
and it was a labour of love, but, Michael, we have done justice | 0:07:16 | 0:07:20 | |
to the memory of thousands and thousands of people | 0:07:20 | 0:07:24 | |
going back 4,000 years. | 0:07:24 | 0:07:26 | |
And I'm going to ask you to taste that. | 0:07:26 | 0:07:29 | |
And that colour, Michael, is pure natural, | 0:07:29 | 0:07:31 | |
that's the beta-carotene that comes from the grass. | 0:07:31 | 0:07:34 | |
-Thank you, Eamon. -And I'm going to ask you to wash it down, Michael, | 0:07:34 | 0:07:38 | |
with real, real, buttermilk. | 0:07:38 | 0:07:40 | |
Now, there is little grains of butter in it, | 0:07:40 | 0:07:43 | |
that's to be expected, and I think, Michael, | 0:07:43 | 0:07:45 | |
you're going to leave here with a taste that you will not forget. | 0:07:45 | 0:07:49 | |
-Enjoy. -Your great good health, Eamon. | 0:07:49 | 0:07:53 | |
And thank you so much, Michael. | 0:07:53 | 0:07:55 | |
Mmm. | 0:07:55 | 0:07:57 | |
Gosh, that is the richest thing | 0:07:57 | 0:07:59 | |
-with all those little pearls of butter. -Gorgeous. Beautiful. | 0:07:59 | 0:08:04 | |
I thank you so much for recognising that. | 0:08:04 | 0:08:07 | |
And followed now by dollops of butter. | 0:08:07 | 0:08:10 | |
Very good, very good, very good. | 0:08:10 | 0:08:13 | |
It's exquisite, Eamon, it's the taste of the country, | 0:08:13 | 0:08:17 | |
it's the taste of the Irish rain. | 0:08:17 | 0:08:20 | |
Please, Michael, take it away in your heart. | 0:08:20 | 0:08:22 | |
and take it away in your mind. Thank you very, very, very much. | 0:08:22 | 0:08:26 | |
Leaving County Cork behind, I'm making a detour north east | 0:08:33 | 0:08:37 | |
into County Tipperary on the intercity mainline. | 0:08:37 | 0:08:41 | |
The arrival of the railways in Victorian times | 0:08:58 | 0:09:00 | |
massively increased mobility, enabling people | 0:09:00 | 0:09:04 | |
to broaden their horizons beyond the limits of their village or community | 0:09:04 | 0:09:08 | |
and that new ability to travel to other towns and cities | 0:09:08 | 0:09:11 | |
stimulated the development of sport, | 0:09:11 | 0:09:14 | |
particularly one that became so important in Irish history | 0:09:14 | 0:09:18 | |
and culture, as I hope to discover at my next stop, Thurles. | 0:09:18 | 0:09:23 | |
In the 12th century, at least 1,700 Norman invaders | 0:09:23 | 0:09:28 | |
were slain in battle here, but in the late 19th century, | 0:09:28 | 0:09:31 | |
Thurles became a symbol of pursuits of a gentler nature | 0:09:31 | 0:09:35 | |
when the Gaelic Athletic Association was formed. | 0:09:35 | 0:09:38 | |
It's the governing body of Ireland's national sports - | 0:09:38 | 0:09:40 | |
Gaelic football and hurling. | 0:09:40 | 0:09:43 | |
And with the advent of the railways, crowds from all over the country | 0:09:43 | 0:09:47 | |
were able to travel to watch these games. | 0:09:47 | 0:09:50 | |
Today, this rural town has an incongruously large sports stadium. | 0:09:50 | 0:09:55 | |
And I'm meeting Pat Bracken, | 0:09:55 | 0:09:57 | |
a PhD student of Victorian sport to find out why. | 0:09:57 | 0:10:01 | |
Pat, this is an enormous stadium. | 0:10:01 | 0:10:03 | |
I thought Thurles was quite a small town, how do you have such a large stadium? | 0:10:03 | 0:10:07 | |
Thurles had a sports field here for many years | 0:10:07 | 0:10:10 | |
and it developed from 1910 as a sports field | 0:10:10 | 0:10:13 | |
solely for Gaelic sports and pastimes. | 0:10:13 | 0:10:16 | |
And it's a terrific gem for the game, | 0:10:16 | 0:10:19 | |
not alone in Thurles, but throughout the country. | 0:10:19 | 0:10:21 | |
What's the population of Thurles and what's the capacity of the stadium? | 0:10:21 | 0:10:24 | |
Thurles has a population of just around 7,000 persons | 0:10:24 | 0:10:27 | |
and the stadium has a capacity of 53,000 | 0:10:27 | 0:10:30 | |
so it's a big jump, but on match days, | 0:10:30 | 0:10:33 | |
particularly the Munster final day, it's absolutely jam-packed | 0:10:33 | 0:10:36 | |
and there's a great buzz around the town and the square. | 0:10:36 | 0:10:40 | |
No-one knows the precise origins of the sport. | 0:10:41 | 0:10:44 | |
But perhaps the earliest surviving reference to hurling in this island, | 0:10:44 | 0:10:47 | |
is found in 7th century Irish laws, | 0:10:47 | 0:10:50 | |
which describe sporting injury compensation. | 0:10:50 | 0:10:54 | |
Not for the faint hearted, hurling is played with sticks | 0:10:54 | 0:10:57 | |
called hurleys, a ball called a sliotar, | 0:10:57 | 0:11:00 | |
and by two teams of 15 trying to outscore each other | 0:11:00 | 0:11:03 | |
by hitting the ball between the posts or into the goals. | 0:11:03 | 0:11:07 | |
So, when did the sports that are played here | 0:11:07 | 0:11:09 | |
become official and organised? | 0:11:09 | 0:11:12 | |
They became official and organised for the want of a better word, | 0:11:12 | 0:11:15 | |
codified even, in 1884 at a meeting | 0:11:15 | 0:11:18 | |
in one of the hotels in Thurles, Lizzie Hayes' Commercial Hotel, | 0:11:18 | 0:11:21 | |
that was on the 1st November in 1884. | 0:11:21 | 0:11:24 | |
So, I'm at the very heart, I'm at the place where it all began. | 0:11:24 | 0:11:27 | |
You're at the official birth of the Gaelic Athletic Association. | 0:11:27 | 0:11:30 | |
How important are these sports and these events | 0:11:30 | 0:11:33 | |
to the Irish character, Irish culture, Irish calendar? | 0:11:33 | 0:11:37 | |
I don't think in the history of anything in relation to sport in Ireland | 0:11:37 | 0:11:40 | |
is there two games more important to the Irish psyche | 0:11:40 | 0:11:45 | |
than hurling and Gaelic football. | 0:11:45 | 0:11:47 | |
So, is there any way I can learn the basics today? | 0:11:47 | 0:11:49 | |
I think you could indeed. | 0:11:49 | 0:11:51 | |
Even though hurling's an amateur sport, | 0:11:53 | 0:11:55 | |
its top players, like Noel McGrath and Joanne Ryan, | 0:11:55 | 0:11:58 | |
who plays the women's version called camogie, are well-known faces. | 0:11:58 | 0:12:02 | |
I have never dressed like this in my life! | 0:12:02 | 0:12:05 | |
Time for my ritual humiliation. | 0:12:05 | 0:12:08 | |
-Hi, guys. So, how do I play it? Can I borrow your hurley? -No bother. | 0:12:08 | 0:12:11 | |
So what's the first thing I have to learn? | 0:12:11 | 0:12:13 | |
-I suppose it's... -Is to bounce it on my hurley... -Yeah. | 0:12:13 | 0:12:17 | |
-Oops! -Yeah! | 0:12:17 | 0:12:18 | |
I suppose the first thing to do | 0:12:18 | 0:12:20 | |
is teaching youngsters just how to how to hold the hurley right | 0:12:20 | 0:12:23 | |
and then just to raise the ball and get it into the hand like that. | 0:12:23 | 0:12:27 | |
What's the point of getting it in your hand, you're going to throw it? | 0:12:27 | 0:12:30 | |
You have to get into your hand, so you can hit it with the hurley again. | 0:12:30 | 0:12:34 | |
-Nearly! -Nearly there, yeah. | 0:12:36 | 0:12:39 | |
Just that six inches adrift... | 0:12:39 | 0:12:42 | |
-Yay...I'm off! -That's it, yeah. | 0:12:43 | 0:12:46 | |
What's this business about bashing it round the field? How do you do that? | 0:12:46 | 0:12:51 | |
I suppose you just, once you get it into your hand | 0:12:51 | 0:12:53 | |
you just throw it up and you just strike it, like. | 0:12:53 | 0:12:57 | |
I suppose it comes natural after a while, like. | 0:12:57 | 0:13:00 | |
So how do you do that neat thing, | 0:13:00 | 0:13:01 | |
you just swing your bat around... Two hands on the hurley... | 0:13:01 | 0:13:05 | |
Ooh! Sorry, a bit hard. Too good for you, Joanne! | 0:13:05 | 0:13:08 | |
I'm playing a cricket stroke there... so... | 0:13:11 | 0:13:14 | |
-Yeah. -Ah, that's getting better! Hooray! | 0:13:14 | 0:13:18 | |
Noel, I'll get your autograph later. | 0:13:18 | 0:13:21 | |
-Thank you very much indeed. -No problem. | 0:13:21 | 0:13:24 | |
It's probably best that I abandon my stick and journey on. | 0:13:25 | 0:13:30 | |
In Bradshaw's day and indeed well into the 20th century, | 0:13:40 | 0:13:43 | |
there was a direct rail connection from Thurles to my next destination, | 0:13:43 | 0:13:47 | |
but Ireland suffered cutbacks in its rail network | 0:13:47 | 0:13:50 | |
every bit as radical as those in the UK | 0:13:50 | 0:13:53 | |
and so now I have to go back south to Limerick Junction | 0:13:53 | 0:13:56 | |
and then eastward to Clonmel. | 0:13:56 | 0:13:59 | |
I'm changing train at Limerick Junction, | 0:14:07 | 0:14:10 | |
an important crossing point that, in Bradshaw's day, | 0:14:10 | 0:14:12 | |
opened up Ireland's most southerly rail routes | 0:14:12 | 0:14:15 | |
and one of its most famous towns. | 0:14:15 | 0:14:19 | |
The song, It's A Long Way To Tipperary, was written in Manchester in 1912 | 0:14:19 | 0:14:25 | |
and being a lament for a girl left far behind at home, | 0:14:25 | 0:14:29 | |
it became popular with the soldiers in World War One marching to the front | 0:14:29 | 0:14:33 | |
and became globally famous. | 0:14:33 | 0:14:35 | |
With its reputation for being so distant, | 0:14:35 | 0:14:37 | |
I never dreamt that I'd set foot there myself | 0:14:37 | 0:14:40 | |
but right now, I'm arriving in Tipperary. | 0:14:40 | 0:14:44 | |
I'm not alighting. | 0:14:48 | 0:14:50 | |
But my next destination is not a long way from Tipperary, | 0:14:50 | 0:14:53 | |
it's just 27 miles down the track. | 0:14:53 | 0:14:56 | |
In the mid-18th century, the ancient town of Clonmel | 0:14:56 | 0:15:00 | |
demolished part of its city wall and built a deepwater quay | 0:15:00 | 0:15:03 | |
on the River Suir, | 0:15:03 | 0:15:04 | |
becoming one of the most important freight hubs for Irish corn. | 0:15:04 | 0:15:08 | |
The railway arrived in 1852, but some years earlier, | 0:15:12 | 0:15:16 | |
Ireland's first ever public transport service | 0:15:16 | 0:15:19 | |
commenced here and I'm hoping that Fergal O'Keefe, the owner of Hearns, | 0:15:19 | 0:15:24 | |
my hotel for the night, can tell me all about it. | 0:15:24 | 0:15:27 | |
-Great to see you. -Thank you very much. | 0:15:27 | 0:15:30 | |
I see outside that it says that this was the headquarters | 0:15:30 | 0:15:34 | |
of the Charles Bianconi stage coach system from 1815. | 0:15:34 | 0:15:38 | |
Tell me about that. | 0:15:38 | 0:15:39 | |
He actually set up the headquarters here | 0:15:39 | 0:15:41 | |
for the first public transport system in Ireland in 1815. | 0:15:41 | 0:15:46 | |
He actually came from Italy. He actually was a peddler. | 0:15:46 | 0:15:49 | |
He walked up to 30 miles a day around the country | 0:15:49 | 0:15:52 | |
and obviously when you're doing that, | 0:15:52 | 0:15:54 | |
he noticed how bad the public transport system was. | 0:15:54 | 0:15:56 | |
He had a great opportunity, actually, at the Battle of Waterloo. | 0:15:56 | 0:16:00 | |
After that, that's when he had his big chance, | 0:16:00 | 0:16:02 | |
because basically there was a glut of cheap horses and cheap grain | 0:16:02 | 0:16:06 | |
that went on the market and he used that opportunity | 0:16:06 | 0:16:09 | |
to set up his business, but actually, when he started first, | 0:16:09 | 0:16:12 | |
the demand wasn't great. It didn't really take off. | 0:16:12 | 0:16:15 | |
Bianconi had arrived in Ireland as a penniless 15-year-old, | 0:16:17 | 0:16:21 | |
and he wasn't about to let his business fail. | 0:16:21 | 0:16:23 | |
To drum up custom, he set up a rival service in another name, | 0:16:24 | 0:16:28 | |
and developed a fierce, but fake, rivalry between the two. | 0:16:28 | 0:16:33 | |
Word quickly spread and passengers bought tickets | 0:16:33 | 0:16:35 | |
simply to experience the thrill of the race from Clonmel to Cahir. | 0:16:35 | 0:16:40 | |
His stagecoach network quickly spread nationwide and, | 0:16:41 | 0:16:45 | |
embracing the railways' rapid expansion, | 0:16:45 | 0:16:48 | |
it included many feeder routes to stations. | 0:16:48 | 0:16:51 | |
I have to say, the town is so proud of him. | 0:16:51 | 0:16:54 | |
He was a great visionary. | 0:16:54 | 0:16:55 | |
He also set up the first Catholic university in Dublin. | 0:16:55 | 0:16:58 | |
He was an investor in that. He also set up the national bank. | 0:16:58 | 0:17:01 | |
He was also the mayor of Clonmel for a couple of years | 0:17:01 | 0:17:03 | |
and he didn't take a salary during that time. | 0:17:03 | 0:17:06 | |
-So Ireland was very happy to borrow this Italian. -Exactly, yeah. | 0:17:06 | 0:17:09 | |
Revived and ready for a new day of discovery, | 0:17:23 | 0:17:26 | |
my first destination is in Clonmel. | 0:17:26 | 0:17:28 | |
This is the courthouse in Clonmel, where my Bradshaw's tells me | 0:17:30 | 0:17:34 | |
"the O'Brien pronunciamento was knocked on the head in 1848, | 0:17:34 | 0:17:39 | |
"the leader of which has returned to his native land | 0:17:39 | 0:17:41 | |
"a wiser and better man | 0:17:41 | 0:17:43 | |
"having been pardoned by Her Majesty Queen Victoria." | 0:17:43 | 0:17:47 | |
Now what's interesting to me is that a guide book published | 0:17:47 | 0:17:50 | |
in the 1860s is still recalling a political event from 1848, | 0:17:50 | 0:17:55 | |
so it must have been pretty important | 0:17:55 | 0:17:57 | |
and worthy of further investigation. | 0:17:57 | 0:18:00 | |
With no train link, to find out more, I need to travel | 0:18:03 | 0:18:05 | |
22 miles north by road to the townland of Farrenrory, | 0:18:05 | 0:18:09 | |
close to the village of Ballingarry, | 0:18:09 | 0:18:12 | |
where I'm meeting author Willie Nolan at the Famine Warhouse. | 0:18:12 | 0:18:15 | |
-Willie, hello. -Oh, hello, Michael. | 0:18:15 | 0:18:17 | |
William Smith O'Brien, who was he? | 0:18:17 | 0:18:19 | |
Well, William Smith O'Brien was a member of an aristocratic family, | 0:18:19 | 0:18:22 | |
the O'Briens of Inshikren, but he was also a member from 1843 | 0:18:22 | 0:18:26 | |
of the Repeal Association which was meant to repeal the act of union. | 0:18:26 | 0:18:30 | |
To give Ireland home rule. | 0:18:30 | 0:18:31 | |
To give Ireland a form of home rule. | 0:18:31 | 0:18:33 | |
So how does he become involved in events in 1848? | 0:18:33 | 0:18:37 | |
O'Brien was going around the country to organise the Irish league | 0:18:37 | 0:18:42 | |
and to actually establish military clubs. | 0:18:42 | 0:18:45 | |
It was a twofold, pronged attack on the British system - | 0:18:45 | 0:18:49 | |
your military organisation and your political organisation. | 0:18:49 | 0:18:53 | |
But of course what happened is, | 0:18:53 | 0:18:54 | |
the British government was moving pretty quick to sort out the affair | 0:18:54 | 0:18:59 | |
and they brought in a number of acts in Parliament, | 0:18:59 | 0:19:02 | |
and the one which really started all the problems here | 0:19:02 | 0:19:04 | |
in some respects was the suspension of habeas corpus. | 0:19:04 | 0:19:08 | |
So people could be put in prison without charge? | 0:19:08 | 0:19:10 | |
It was basically internment without trial. | 0:19:10 | 0:19:12 | |
And because they knew that the young Irelanders, Irish confederation, | 0:19:12 | 0:19:16 | |
had publicised all their efforts in the newspapers - | 0:19:16 | 0:19:18 | |
they had their own newspaper called The Nation - | 0:19:18 | 0:19:21 | |
they knew who was involved. | 0:19:21 | 0:19:22 | |
A proclamation put a £500 price on O'Brien's arrest | 0:19:25 | 0:19:30 | |
and a troop of 46 policemen | 0:19:30 | 0:19:32 | |
under the leadership of a Sub-Inspector named Trant, | 0:19:32 | 0:19:35 | |
set out for the pursuit. | 0:19:35 | 0:19:37 | |
But these were dangerous times for the authorities in Ireland, | 0:19:39 | 0:19:42 | |
and it was Trant and his policemen who were pursued | 0:19:42 | 0:19:45 | |
as O'Brien's pro-independence Young Irelanders | 0:19:45 | 0:19:49 | |
forced the police to take refuge in this widow's house in Farrenrory. | 0:19:49 | 0:19:53 | |
O'Brien comes to this window here, and he says to the police inside, | 0:19:55 | 0:19:59 | |
"I'm Smith O'Brien, I'm as good as an Irish as any of you | 0:19:59 | 0:20:02 | |
"and I want to make peace." | 0:20:02 | 0:20:04 | |
Sub-Inspector Thomas Trant ordered the police to fire, | 0:20:04 | 0:20:07 | |
and in doing so, one man was shot dead, | 0:20:07 | 0:20:09 | |
one man was badly injured and died a couple of days later | 0:20:09 | 0:20:12 | |
and a few more people were wounded. | 0:20:12 | 0:20:14 | |
How was the siege eventually resolved? | 0:20:15 | 0:20:17 | |
The siege was resolved by the intervention | 0:20:17 | 0:20:19 | |
of Father Philip Fitzgerald, the local Catholic curate. | 0:20:19 | 0:20:22 | |
Father Fitzgerald rides up to the front window here | 0:20:22 | 0:20:24 | |
and attempts to negotiate with Trant, who appears at the window. | 0:20:24 | 0:20:28 | |
Now, there are various kinds of aspects | 0:20:28 | 0:20:30 | |
of what Father Fitzgerald said and didn't say, | 0:20:30 | 0:20:33 | |
but what I think he said is that if they surrendered their arms, | 0:20:33 | 0:20:36 | |
they would be allowed to go free. | 0:20:36 | 0:20:38 | |
But that didn't appeal to Trant and he said no, | 0:20:38 | 0:20:42 | |
we're quite pleased to be where we are. | 0:20:42 | 0:20:45 | |
We're very secure, we've a very solid house, | 0:20:45 | 0:20:47 | |
and he was all the time expecting re-enforcements | 0:20:47 | 0:20:49 | |
from the other police stations, and this is actually what happened. | 0:20:49 | 0:20:53 | |
What happened to O'Brien after the siege? | 0:20:57 | 0:20:59 | |
O'Brien was in safe hiding for a week after the siege, | 0:20:59 | 0:21:03 | |
and just nearly exactly a week later, | 0:21:03 | 0:21:05 | |
he turned up at Thurles railway station, | 0:21:05 | 0:21:08 | |
and a railway guard named Hulme came up to him and said, | 0:21:08 | 0:21:11 | |
"You are Smith O'Brien and I arrest you in the name of the Queen." | 0:21:11 | 0:21:15 | |
It says here, "Remember '48". | 0:21:15 | 0:21:17 | |
Now, how important is it in Irish history, do you think? | 0:21:17 | 0:21:20 | |
It's very important, because you could say the schedule of title | 0:21:20 | 0:21:24 | |
to Irish nationalism, there are references to six occasions | 0:21:24 | 0:21:28 | |
in which The Irish took up arms to secure independence | 0:21:28 | 0:21:31 | |
and this is one of them. | 0:21:31 | 0:21:32 | |
Well, Willie, you've really brought to life for me | 0:21:32 | 0:21:36 | |
a very substantial part of Irish history. Thank you. | 0:21:36 | 0:21:38 | |
Thank you. | 0:21:38 | 0:21:39 | |
Back to Clonmel, to take the train to my last destination of the day. | 0:21:45 | 0:21:50 | |
Beautiful though it is to watch | 0:21:50 | 0:21:52 | |
Ireland's green fields race past the carriage window, | 0:21:52 | 0:21:55 | |
it's more exciting to see the railway lines | 0:21:55 | 0:21:58 | |
stretching out ahead of the train, | 0:21:58 | 0:22:00 | |
and for the brief run from Clonmel to Waterford, | 0:22:00 | 0:22:03 | |
I'm going to ride in the cab. | 0:22:03 | 0:22:05 | |
So, Raymond, how long a run is it into Waterford? | 0:22:10 | 0:22:12 | |
-40 minutes. -And is it quite nice countryside? | 0:22:12 | 0:22:15 | |
It's lovely, yes. It's a nice, scenic line. | 0:22:15 | 0:22:18 | |
TRAIN HORN SOUNDS | 0:22:18 | 0:22:21 | |
Of my next stop, Waterford, Bradshaw says, | 0:22:34 | 0:22:37 | |
"It has a thriving provision trade with Bristol and Liverpool | 0:22:37 | 0:22:40 | |
"and is provided with excellent quay room, | 0:22:40 | 0:22:43 | |
"and water deep enough for ships of a thousand tonnes." | 0:22:43 | 0:22:47 | |
With its ready access to the sea, | 0:22:48 | 0:22:50 | |
Waterford has been a substantial port since Viking times. | 0:22:50 | 0:22:54 | |
But its railway heritage most interests me. | 0:22:54 | 0:22:58 | |
One of the things that impresses me about railways | 0:22:58 | 0:23:01 | |
is that even though steam engines have been replaced, | 0:23:01 | 0:23:04 | |
the basic engineering concept of metal wheels on metal rails | 0:23:04 | 0:23:09 | |
is unchanged in 200 years. Here at Waterford, | 0:23:09 | 0:23:12 | |
I'm going to see some other aspects of current railway technology | 0:23:12 | 0:23:16 | |
that even George Bradshaw would recognise. | 0:23:16 | 0:23:19 | |
-Stephen, hello, I'm Michael. -Hello, Michael. | 0:23:25 | 0:23:28 | |
This really is a signal box built for railway enthusiasts, | 0:23:28 | 0:23:31 | |
built across the line like this over a bridge. That's quite unusual. | 0:23:31 | 0:23:34 | |
Yes, I haven't seen any others like that in this country, anyway. | 0:23:34 | 0:23:37 | |
How old do you think it is? | 0:23:37 | 0:23:39 | |
-50 or 100 years old, maybe more. -Yeah. -Before my time anyway. | 0:23:39 | 0:23:42 | |
HE LAUGHS | 0:23:42 | 0:23:43 | |
Now, you've got here a variety of signal levers. | 0:23:43 | 0:23:47 | |
These control semaphore signals of the old-fashioned sort, yes? | 0:23:47 | 0:23:51 | |
Most of the signals there are semaphore signals. | 0:23:51 | 0:23:54 | |
The first railway semaphore signal in Britain and Ireland | 0:23:55 | 0:23:59 | |
was installed on the London to Croydon line in the 1840s. | 0:23:59 | 0:24:03 | |
A horizontal signal always means stop, | 0:24:03 | 0:24:06 | |
but whether "proceed" is indicated by an up or down arm | 0:24:06 | 0:24:12 | |
depends on which system each railway employs. | 0:24:12 | 0:24:16 | |
The trackside signals are worked manually by the signalman | 0:24:16 | 0:24:20 | |
who pulls a lever, which also moves a red or green glass | 0:24:20 | 0:24:23 | |
in front of the lamp, so the signal can be identified in darkness. | 0:24:23 | 0:24:28 | |
-Do you mind if I give it a pull for you? -Yeah. | 0:24:28 | 0:24:31 | |
How many weeks' practice did this take? | 0:24:31 | 0:24:33 | |
You didn't have your Weetabix this morning. | 0:24:35 | 0:24:37 | |
-I'll let you do it, Stephen. -OK. | 0:24:37 | 0:24:39 | |
In Waterford, I come across another example | 0:24:43 | 0:24:46 | |
of Victorian railway heritage at Kilmeadan Station. | 0:24:46 | 0:24:51 | |
In the United Kingdom, we have heritage railway fever. | 0:24:51 | 0:24:54 | |
There are fewer lines in Ireland, | 0:24:54 | 0:24:56 | |
but I am about to go on the longest stretch now open | 0:24:56 | 0:24:59 | |
which is on the Waterford, Dungarven and Lismore railway, | 0:24:59 | 0:25:02 | |
which was originally opened in 1878, after my Bradshaw's was published. | 0:25:02 | 0:25:06 | |
And today there are families, festivities and balloons. | 0:25:06 | 0:25:10 | |
-Hello, Maria. -Hello, Michael. You're very welcome. | 0:25:11 | 0:25:14 | |
Congratulations on your railway, because this really has been | 0:25:14 | 0:25:16 | |
quite an effort, hasn't it, to get it open again? | 0:25:16 | 0:25:19 | |
It has indeed, yes. It was a long effort, | 0:25:19 | 0:25:22 | |
but I tell you, it's well worth it. | 0:25:22 | 0:25:24 | |
We've been operating now for 10 years and it's kind of gone | 0:25:24 | 0:25:26 | |
-from strength to strength ever since. -How long a track is it? | 0:25:26 | 0:25:29 | |
We've actually got 10km of track. We only operate on 8.5km. | 0:25:29 | 0:25:33 | |
I've heard this line called the Duke's railway line. | 0:25:33 | 0:25:35 | |
Why would that be? | 0:25:35 | 0:25:37 | |
It was actually the Waterford- Dungarven-Lismore railway line, | 0:25:37 | 0:25:40 | |
and the Duke of Devonshire was the main shareholder in this line, | 0:25:40 | 0:25:43 | |
hence it was called the Duke's line. | 0:25:43 | 0:25:45 | |
This new line terminated at Lismore, | 0:25:47 | 0:25:49 | |
the Irish seat of William Cavendish, the 7th Duke of Devonshire. | 0:25:49 | 0:25:54 | |
As the chairman and main shareholder of his railway, | 0:25:54 | 0:25:57 | |
the duke ensured that visitors travelling by rail to his castle | 0:25:57 | 0:26:00 | |
would be impressed by his local station, | 0:26:00 | 0:26:03 | |
which he had built from expensive Portland stone. | 0:26:03 | 0:26:06 | |
What are your future hopes for the railway? | 0:26:10 | 0:26:13 | |
Our future hopes are to extend the track | 0:26:13 | 0:26:16 | |
from Bilberry right to Waterford City, | 0:26:16 | 0:26:18 | |
so that people can get on in the city and come out | 0:26:18 | 0:26:21 | |
and experience some of the beauty of County Waterford | 0:26:21 | 0:26:23 | |
while they're staying in the city. And at that time, | 0:26:23 | 0:26:26 | |
I would hope we'd be operating with a steam engine. | 0:26:26 | 0:26:29 | |
Can you imagine a steam engine going from Kilmeadan | 0:26:29 | 0:26:31 | |
all the way into the city, down the quays | 0:26:31 | 0:26:34 | |
and picking up in Waterford city? I think it would be unique. | 0:26:34 | 0:26:37 | |
It'd be the only Irish city with a steam engine. | 0:26:37 | 0:26:40 | |
That'll be the day I come back. | 0:26:40 | 0:26:42 | |
In case the Duke of Devonshire is watching, | 0:26:52 | 0:26:54 | |
I want to thank your ancestor, sir, for giving us this lovely railway. | 0:26:54 | 0:26:59 | |
There are plans to re-extend it to the city of Waterford. | 0:26:59 | 0:27:03 | |
For the moment it only goes as far as Bilberry | 0:27:03 | 0:27:06 | |
to the south of the city centre, so that's where I'll be getting off. | 0:27:06 | 0:27:11 | |
In Britain, the railways are closely associated | 0:27:21 | 0:27:23 | |
with the Industrial Revolution, | 0:27:23 | 0:27:25 | |
but even in rural Ireland, the trains made as big an impact | 0:27:25 | 0:27:29 | |
on things like agriculture and sport. | 0:27:29 | 0:27:32 | |
On this leg of my journey, I've encountered things | 0:27:32 | 0:27:34 | |
that most evoke Ireland - | 0:27:34 | 0:27:36 | |
Tipperary, butter, Gaelic football, | 0:27:36 | 0:27:39 | |
and of course, rebellion against the British. | 0:27:39 | 0:27:42 | |
On the next leg of my journey, | 0:27:46 | 0:27:47 | |
I'll try my hand at cutting marble, Victorian style... | 0:27:47 | 0:27:51 | |
It just suddenly fell away! | 0:27:55 | 0:27:57 | |
..uncover 19th century Ireland's surprising industrial heritage... | 0:27:57 | 0:28:01 | |
It's a monumental mill, isn't it? | 0:28:01 | 0:28:02 | |
Really impressive. Looks like a fortress. | 0:28:02 | 0:28:05 | |
..and learn how the railways helped to bring motorsport to the masses. | 0:28:05 | 0:28:10 | |
They estimated that there would have been almost a million people | 0:28:10 | 0:28:13 | |
-spectating on that event. -You're not serious. | 0:28:13 | 0:28:15 | |
The first time there was ever a gathering | 0:28:15 | 0:28:16 | |
of that amount of people in Ireland. | 0:28:16 | 0:28:18 | |
Subtitles by Red Bee Media Ltd | 0:28:34 | 0:28:38 |