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In 1840, one man transformed travel in the British Isles. | 0:00:05 | 0:00:10 | |
His name was George Bradshaw, and his railway guides inspired the Victorians to take to the tracks. | 0:00:10 | 0:00:16 | |
Stop by stop, he told them where to travel, | 0:00:18 | 0:00:21 | |
what to see and where to stay. | 0:00:21 | 0:00:23 | |
Now, 170 years later, I'm making a series of journeys | 0:00:25 | 0:00:29 | |
across the length and breadth of these isles | 0:00:29 | 0:00:32 | |
to see what of Bradshaw's Britain remains. | 0:00:32 | 0:00:34 | |
Armed with my Bradshaw's guide, I'm now on the second instalment | 0:00:57 | 0:01:01 | |
of my journey from the Solent to the Humber, | 0:01:01 | 0:01:04 | |
with Portsmouth behind me and the ports of London and Grimsby ahead. | 0:01:04 | 0:01:09 | |
On today's journey, I'll get close to some precious Victorian botany. | 0:01:09 | 0:01:13 | |
So, here you can see a lovely specimen of a maidenhair fern | 0:01:13 | 0:01:17 | |
collected by Charles Darwin on the famous voyage of The Beagle. | 0:01:17 | 0:01:20 | |
-It's quite moving to see this stuff. -Yeah. | 0:01:20 | 0:01:23 | |
I'll play croquet. You cannot be serious! | 0:01:23 | 0:01:26 | |
This is where I get a hammering. | 0:01:26 | 0:01:29 | |
Ha! | 0:01:29 | 0:01:30 | |
And in Surrey, I'll visit a surprising 19th century place of worship. | 0:01:30 | 0:01:35 | |
But it's not only the first UK mosque, | 0:01:35 | 0:01:38 | |
it's the first mosque to be built in the whole of Northern Europe. | 0:01:38 | 0:01:41 | |
Using my Bradshaw's Guide, | 0:01:44 | 0:01:45 | |
I began on the Hampshire coast in Portsmouth, | 0:01:45 | 0:01:48 | |
and travelled up through Surrey. | 0:01:48 | 0:01:51 | |
I'll push on to London, and northeast to Cambridgeshire, | 0:01:51 | 0:01:55 | |
alighting finally in Grimsby on the Humber. | 0:01:55 | 0:01:58 | |
This second leg of my journey starts in Woking, | 0:02:01 | 0:02:03 | |
heads northeast to Kew and Richmond upon Thames, | 0:02:03 | 0:02:06 | |
then Wimbledon and finally Clapham Junction. | 0:02:06 | 0:02:09 | |
As I approach Woking, my Bradshaw's continues to dwell on | 0:02:13 | 0:02:17 | |
the rural charms of Surrey - "On both sides of the line, Woking Common is seen to extend for miles, | 0:02:17 | 0:02:22 | |
"only broken by the windings of the Basingstoke Canal." | 0:02:22 | 0:02:27 | |
And then it notes that the station is a mile away. | 0:02:27 | 0:02:30 | |
For old Woking was just a small village. | 0:02:30 | 0:02:33 | |
The big Woking that we know today is only there because of the railway. | 0:02:33 | 0:02:38 | |
The line into Waterloo from Southampton via Woking | 0:02:40 | 0:02:44 | |
opened in 1840, and 19 years later the line via Guildford to Portsmouth followed. | 0:02:44 | 0:02:51 | |
Victorian missionaries must have travelled these lines to the south coast ports | 0:02:51 | 0:02:55 | |
on the first leg of their journeys to spread the Christian word to the far reaches of the empire, | 0:02:55 | 0:03:01 | |
but in Woking, religion from the far reaches of the empire came to the mother country. | 0:03:01 | 0:03:07 | |
I'm meeting Asad Jamil and Khalil Martin | 0:03:10 | 0:03:14 | |
who both worship at the town's Shah Jahan Mosque, | 0:03:14 | 0:03:18 | |
an important landmark, not only in Woking but for all British Muslims. | 0:03:18 | 0:03:23 | |
-Hi, Asad. -Hi, Michael. Welcome to the Shah Jahan Mosque. | 0:03:24 | 0:03:29 | |
It's a wonderful building. What's its history? When was it built? | 0:03:29 | 0:03:32 | |
It was built in 1889 by someone called William Gottleib Lietner, | 0:03:32 | 0:03:36 | |
of Hungarian origin. | 0:03:36 | 0:03:38 | |
Actually, his family were Jewish, they converted to Anglicanism. | 0:03:38 | 0:03:43 | |
What was his interest in Islam, then? | 0:03:43 | 0:03:45 | |
He was an Orientalist, and he spent most of his life out in India. | 0:03:45 | 0:03:49 | |
He built institutions out there - universities, schools, | 0:03:49 | 0:03:53 | |
he published magazines, | 0:03:53 | 0:03:54 | |
and then he returned to England and he wanted to establish an Oriental institute, | 0:03:54 | 0:03:59 | |
and it just happened that there was a building available in Woking that suited his purposes. | 0:03:59 | 0:04:05 | |
In 1884, Arabic scholar William Lietner bought the disused Royal Dramatic College | 0:04:05 | 0:04:11 | |
and turned it into an Oriental institute. | 0:04:11 | 0:04:15 | |
He intended to satisfy the spiritual needs of all his students, | 0:04:15 | 0:04:18 | |
and anyone who lived within reach, by building a synagogue, a church, a Hindu temple and a mosque, | 0:04:18 | 0:04:24 | |
but managed to complete only the Shah Jahan. | 0:04:24 | 0:04:28 | |
With Windsor Castle just 20 miles away, | 0:04:29 | 0:04:31 | |
its most frequent early worshippers were Queen Victoria's Muslim staff. | 0:04:31 | 0:04:36 | |
So, I imagine this Victorian building must be the first purpose-built mosque in the UK? | 0:04:37 | 0:04:42 | |
Yes, that is our claim to fame. But it's not only the first UK mosque, | 0:04:42 | 0:04:46 | |
it's the first mosque to be built in the whole of Northern Europe. | 0:04:46 | 0:04:50 | |
With such a beautiful and historic mosque, is it quite well known in the Islamic world? | 0:04:50 | 0:04:55 | |
It's world famous, because part of its history was | 0:04:55 | 0:04:58 | |
there was a Muslim mission established here, | 0:04:58 | 0:05:00 | |
and they published a journal called The Islamic Review, which was sent throughout the world. | 0:05:00 | 0:05:05 | |
So, yes, it was very famous. | 0:05:05 | 0:05:07 | |
You're very close here to Woking station. Do people actually come to this mosque from far and wide? | 0:05:07 | 0:05:12 | |
Absolutely. We get people from London coming all the time, | 0:05:12 | 0:05:15 | |
and they quite often say, "We've just come off the train and we saw this building | 0:05:15 | 0:05:20 | |
"and we've come in and come to have a look." | 0:05:20 | 0:05:23 | |
I find the interesting thing is so many people that come here | 0:05:23 | 0:05:26 | |
say it's so peaceful here, and yet as we stand here there are planes going overhead and trains. | 0:05:26 | 0:05:30 | |
It's actually very noisy, but despite that it has a real sense of peace. Do you feel that? | 0:05:30 | 0:05:34 | |
I absolutely do. But, of course, I have very special feelings about train noise, | 0:05:34 | 0:05:39 | |
-to me it's not a pollution. -THEY LAUGH | 0:05:39 | 0:05:42 | |
So, Michael, it's time for prayers. Would you like to come and join us? | 0:05:42 | 0:05:45 | |
It would be a great privilege, thank you very much. | 0:05:45 | 0:05:48 | |
IMAM LEADS PRAYER | 0:05:48 | 0:05:50 | |
ALL PRAY | 0:06:05 | 0:06:10 | |
Thank you very much for letting us be here. | 0:06:15 | 0:06:17 | |
Thanks. Thank you for coming. It is so... | 0:06:17 | 0:06:21 | |
A great thing whenever somebody comes, especially our guest. | 0:06:21 | 0:06:24 | |
-You're always welcome. -Thank you very much indeed. | 0:06:24 | 0:06:27 | |
During the First World War, | 0:06:30 | 0:06:31 | |
over 800,000 Indian troops fought in The British Army. | 0:06:31 | 0:06:36 | |
They were posted to most theatres of war including Flanders, Gallipoli and North and East Africa. | 0:06:36 | 0:06:43 | |
Over 50,000 were classed as killed or missing in action. | 0:06:43 | 0:06:47 | |
A large number were Muslim. | 0:06:47 | 0:06:50 | |
This is another very tranquil spot, what's the history of this? | 0:06:50 | 0:06:54 | |
This was built during the First World War, in 1915, actually, | 0:06:54 | 0:06:58 | |
And the reason it was built is that the Germans were putting out | 0:06:58 | 0:07:01 | |
propaganda that the Muslim soldiers weren't being given proper burial rights, | 0:07:01 | 0:07:06 | |
they were actually being burned as Hindus, | 0:07:06 | 0:07:09 | |
and that would have been very alarming to a Muslim soldier, | 0:07:09 | 0:07:12 | |
and the idea was to try and encourage desertion. | 0:07:12 | 0:07:15 | |
And the war office took it so seriously that they wanted to put out the message | 0:07:15 | 0:07:22 | |
that this wasn't true, so they created this Muslim burial ground. | 0:07:22 | 0:07:25 | |
And it's, of course, because it was adjacent to the mosque that this site was chosen. | 0:07:25 | 0:07:30 | |
We have to remind ourselves that if the Indian army had been led to mutiny or desertion, | 0:07:30 | 0:07:37 | |
this would have been incredibly serious for the British Empire. | 0:07:37 | 0:07:40 | |
-Oh, absolutely. -And where were these bodies coming from? | 0:07:40 | 0:07:43 | |
Injured soldiers coming back from the war were being treated in Brighton Pavilion. | 0:07:43 | 0:07:47 | |
It's interesting - part of the counter-propaganda | 0:07:47 | 0:07:50 | |
was that they turned the Brighton Pavilion into an infirmary | 0:07:50 | 0:07:54 | |
because they thought the Indian soldiers would feel more at home | 0:07:54 | 0:07:58 | |
in a pastiche Indian architectural building, and also what they did, | 0:07:58 | 0:08:03 | |
they put out the message that the King had actually given up | 0:08:03 | 0:08:06 | |
his personal residence as an infirmary for these Indian soldiers, | 0:08:06 | 0:08:12 | |
and this went down a treat in India. As a counter-propaganda, it was hugely successful. | 0:08:12 | 0:08:16 | |
Leaving Woking and the first mosque in Britain behind, | 0:08:16 | 0:08:20 | |
my journey takes me towards the capital, | 0:08:20 | 0:08:22 | |
and to what was in Bradshaw's time a Thames-side village. | 0:08:22 | 0:08:26 | |
My Bradshaw's can sometimes be delightfully half-hearted. | 0:08:26 | 0:08:30 | |
About my next destination it writes, | 0:08:30 | 0:08:33 | |
"The gardens are the principal objects of attraction. | 0:08:33 | 0:08:36 | |
"They're not very large nor is their situation advantageous | 0:08:36 | 0:08:40 | |
"as it is low and commands no prospects, | 0:08:40 | 0:08:44 | |
"but they contain the finest collection of plants in this country | 0:08:44 | 0:08:49 | |
"and various ornamental buildings." | 0:08:49 | 0:08:52 | |
Yes, I am on my way to Kew. | 0:08:52 | 0:08:54 | |
On this journey I have to change, and if you've got to change train, where better than Clapham Junction, | 0:09:07 | 0:09:11 | |
cos it gives you more choice than probably any other station I can think of. | 0:09:11 | 0:09:16 | |
The Royal Botanic Gardens transferred from the Crown to public ownership in 1840. | 0:09:17 | 0:09:23 | |
Nine years later the railways arrived, and people visited in droves. | 0:09:23 | 0:09:28 | |
-Bill! -Welcome. -Smart set of wheels. -Yeah, very nice. -Off you go. | 0:09:36 | 0:09:40 | |
'Dr Bill Baker is going to show me around.' | 0:09:40 | 0:09:43 | |
As I came in the gates just now, I noticed "VR" over the gates, "Victoria Regina", | 0:09:43 | 0:09:47 | |
does that mean these are Victorian gardens? | 0:09:47 | 0:09:49 | |
The landscape is full of Victorian buildings and Victorian heritage, | 0:09:49 | 0:09:53 | |
but actually the gardens' history goes back a lot further than that. | 0:09:53 | 0:09:57 | |
Fundamentally, it's really a Georgian history the gardens has. | 0:09:57 | 0:10:01 | |
Originally it was two gardens. | 0:10:01 | 0:10:03 | |
The first of the gardens was Richmond Garden on that side, | 0:10:03 | 0:10:08 | |
it's a Capability Brown landscape that was part of the work that George III commissioned | 0:10:08 | 0:10:13 | |
when he was living occasionally at Richmond Lodge. | 0:10:13 | 0:10:16 | |
And then on the other side, you have the garden of the Prince And Princess Of Wales. | 0:10:16 | 0:10:20 | |
Frederick Prince Of Wales died young, but his wife, Princess Augusta, | 0:10:20 | 0:10:25 | |
she was very interested in plants. | 0:10:25 | 0:10:28 | |
She appointed the first official gardener to Kew, | 0:10:28 | 0:10:31 | |
and that's kind of where we date our official start. | 0:10:31 | 0:10:35 | |
My Bradshaw's guide is quite interested in the buildings here. | 0:10:35 | 0:10:39 | |
It mentions the orangery, the pagoda, and the palm house. | 0:10:39 | 0:10:44 | |
-Are they all still here? -They are, absolutely. We're just coming up onto the orangery shortly. | 0:10:44 | 0:10:49 | |
You can see the palm house behind us. | 0:10:49 | 0:10:52 | |
The pagoda is the building in the long vista beyond the palm house, | 0:10:52 | 0:10:56 | |
Yeah, they are the really iconic features of our landscape. | 0:10:56 | 0:10:59 | |
On my railway journeys, I come across again and again | 0:10:59 | 0:11:02 | |
this mania that there was in Victorian times | 0:11:02 | 0:11:05 | |
-for the collecting of plants from all around the world. -Yes. | 0:11:05 | 0:11:08 | |
Presumably Kew was a beneficiary, played a big part in this, as well. | 0:11:08 | 0:11:11 | |
Well, yes, I mean, much more than a beneficiary. | 0:11:11 | 0:11:15 | |
Yes, I mean, not to put too fine a point on it, it was headquarters for that kind of thing. | 0:11:15 | 0:11:21 | |
Since its Georgian inception, The Royal Botanic Gardens | 0:11:21 | 0:11:24 | |
has collected specimens of flora from all over the world, | 0:11:24 | 0:11:28 | |
and Dr Baker has promised to show me some of his Victorian favourites. | 0:11:28 | 0:11:34 | |
You're probably wondering what's in these cupboards. | 0:11:34 | 0:11:37 | |
Well, here you can see just a small sample of our eight million specimens of plants and fungi | 0:11:37 | 0:11:44 | |
-that we hold here at Kew. -May I see them? | 0:11:44 | 0:11:48 | |
Of course. In the cupboards here we have specimens of pressed dried plant material. | 0:11:48 | 0:11:54 | |
The methods are not rocket science. | 0:11:54 | 0:11:56 | |
So, here you can see just one example - | 0:11:56 | 0:11:59 | |
a specimen of a plant that was collected in the wild in Bolivia. | 0:11:59 | 0:12:03 | |
It's got flowers on it, it's got notes here all about exactly | 0:12:03 | 0:12:06 | |
where the plant was collected, who collected it. It's got information about the features of the plant. | 0:12:06 | 0:12:11 | |
These are important bits of information for a botanist. | 0:12:11 | 0:12:14 | |
And what did the Victorians ever do for Kew? | 0:12:14 | 0:12:17 | |
Well, the quick answer to that is that they did everything for Kew. | 0:12:17 | 0:12:21 | |
They laid the foundations for modern Kew, | 0:12:21 | 0:12:24 | |
and for the way that we botanists work today, | 0:12:24 | 0:12:28 | |
-and I've got a whole set of material out to try and illustrate that for you. -Thank you. | 0:12:28 | 0:12:34 | |
Some of Kew's most precious specimens | 0:12:34 | 0:12:36 | |
were donated by the most celebrated botanists and explorers of Victorian Britain. | 0:12:36 | 0:12:42 | |
So, just to give you an idea as to the kind of riches that we have here, | 0:12:42 | 0:12:47 | |
I've pulled out some particularly special things. | 0:12:47 | 0:12:50 | |
So, here you can see a lovely specimen of a maidenhair fern | 0:12:50 | 0:12:54 | |
collected by Charles Darwin on the famous voyage of The Beagle. | 0:12:54 | 0:12:57 | |
-It's quite moving to see this stuff. -Yeah, totally, absolutely. | 0:12:57 | 0:13:00 | |
And then underneath, one also rather romantic specimen | 0:13:00 | 0:13:04 | |
collected on one of the Livingstone expeditions. | 0:13:04 | 0:13:07 | |
And this is apparently potentially the first plant collection. | 0:13:07 | 0:13:10 | |
It's a collection of a mangrove made by the plant collector Kirk, | 0:13:10 | 0:13:14 | |
who was quite a talented artist, as well. | 0:13:14 | 0:13:16 | |
A lot of our material is accompanied by these lovely little | 0:13:16 | 0:13:18 | |
illustrations by the botanists themselves. | 0:13:18 | 0:13:22 | |
Considered by many to be the most important surviving Victorian iron and glass structure in the world, | 0:13:23 | 0:13:29 | |
Kew's Palm House was completed in 1848. | 0:13:29 | 0:13:33 | |
I'm used to being in awe of Victorian architecture, | 0:13:37 | 0:13:40 | |
but this building with its great heights, this must have been an iconic building in its day. | 0:13:40 | 0:13:44 | |
Absolutely. It was a complete sensation. | 0:13:44 | 0:13:46 | |
The building was designed to show palms off to their best possible extent, | 0:13:46 | 0:13:51 | |
and it needed a collaboration between an architect and an engineer | 0:13:51 | 0:13:56 | |
of the sort that had never happened before to achieve this. | 0:13:56 | 0:13:59 | |
by using technology from ship building, we have these fantastic spans brought about | 0:13:59 | 0:14:05 | |
by the use of wrought-iron deck beams, and it just gives this wonderful clarity | 0:14:05 | 0:14:11 | |
as well as the completely perfect arcs in the ironwork. | 0:14:11 | 0:14:16 | |
I mean, it's spine-tingling stuff, really, the Palm House. | 0:14:16 | 0:14:19 | |
And how did the Victorians heat it? | 0:14:19 | 0:14:21 | |
Well, there were boilers in the basement here, | 0:14:21 | 0:14:25 | |
and they were fuelled by coke which was ferried over | 0:14:25 | 0:14:28 | |
from a yard just across the pond, there, by our own underground railway. | 0:14:28 | 0:14:34 | |
A railway. I love it. | 0:14:34 | 0:14:36 | |
As I leave the lush palms of Kew, I'm reminded of the huge mark left by so many Victorian Britons, | 0:14:40 | 0:14:46 | |
just as I'm confronted by a miniscule one of my own. | 0:14:46 | 0:14:50 | |
This plaque commemorates | 0:14:51 | 0:14:53 | |
that when I was a member of the government | 0:14:53 | 0:14:56 | |
I reopened the rebuilt Kew Gardens Station, | 0:14:56 | 0:14:58 | |
and that was on 7th of October 1989. | 0:14:58 | 0:15:02 | |
You understand I was a child minister. | 0:15:02 | 0:15:05 | |
Originally opened in 1869, the station is now | 0:15:06 | 0:15:11 | |
part of the London Underground and the new London Overground network. | 0:15:11 | 0:15:16 | |
I'm bound for Richmond, which my Bradshaw's says "is a delightful town in Surrey, | 0:15:20 | 0:15:24 | |
"on the South Western Railway and the River Thames, | 0:15:24 | 0:15:27 | |
"in the midst of scenery which, though often praised and admired, never grows old or wearisome." | 0:15:27 | 0:15:35 | |
And I never grow tired of messing about in boats. | 0:15:35 | 0:15:39 | |
Richmond was originally the site of royal palaces, | 0:15:42 | 0:15:45 | |
but the train brought ordinary people. | 0:15:45 | 0:15:48 | |
Their favourite pursuits? | 0:15:48 | 0:15:50 | |
To promenade along the riverside and then to row on the waters. | 0:15:50 | 0:15:54 | |
An important local industry grew up to facilitate that Victorian pleasure. | 0:15:54 | 0:16:00 | |
Bill Collie is one of the last remaining boat builders in Richmond. | 0:16:00 | 0:16:05 | |
-Bill. -Good afternoon, sir. -May I come in? -Welcome, please do. -Thank you very much. | 0:16:05 | 0:16:10 | |
-Bill, how long have you been building boats? -About 60 years. | 0:16:10 | 0:16:13 | |
And when you started, was there a lot of boat building going on here? | 0:16:13 | 0:16:17 | |
-Oh, yes. -This boat here, what is it and did you make it? | 0:16:17 | 0:16:22 | |
It's called a sculling boat, but I didn't make it. | 0:16:22 | 0:16:24 | |
-Boats are built, not made. -I stand corrected. | 0:16:24 | 0:16:28 | |
Is this typical of boats that were built here? | 0:16:28 | 0:16:31 | |
Yes, yes. I think only I, blowing my own trumpet here, | 0:16:31 | 0:16:36 | |
I'm the only one who built sculling boats in Richmond. | 0:16:36 | 0:16:38 | |
I get the impression that at the time of my Bradshaw's guide in Victorian times, | 0:16:38 | 0:16:42 | |
-coming down to go out on the river was very popular. -Oh, yes, yes. | 0:16:42 | 0:16:46 | |
The trains made it easier to get to Richmond, and they all went and hired a boat. | 0:16:46 | 0:16:50 | |
Some of the old fellas, who are all dead unfortunately, | 0:16:50 | 0:16:53 | |
I'm the only one left, but they would tell me | 0:16:53 | 0:16:55 | |
10 o'clock in the morning, everything was out. | 0:16:55 | 0:16:58 | |
Every boat they had and then they had a queue waiting for them to come back. | 0:16:58 | 0:17:02 | |
It's not so very hot today, but I do feel like going on the river, any chance of that? | 0:17:02 | 0:17:06 | |
-There'll be a man waiting for you down there. -Thank you. | 0:17:06 | 0:17:10 | |
I've had a fascinating but long day, and it's time to get my head down. | 0:17:11 | 0:17:17 | |
My hotel for the night is on the river. | 0:17:18 | 0:17:22 | |
What better way to arrive than being sculled? | 0:17:22 | 0:17:25 | |
Thank you very much. | 0:17:25 | 0:17:26 | |
After a good night's rest, I'm up early for the next leg of my journey. | 0:17:38 | 0:17:44 | |
Back on the mainline, I'm heading to a South London suburb. | 0:17:44 | 0:17:47 | |
My next destination has long been associated with physical prowess. | 0:17:49 | 0:17:53 | |
As my Bradshaw's says, "Wimbledon was formally celebrated in the annals of duelling, | 0:17:53 | 0:17:58 | |
"a practice which has now become synonymous with our notions of such killing being murder | 0:17:58 | 0:18:04 | |
"and therefore like many other customs and habits of uncivilised beings." | 0:18:04 | 0:18:11 | |
Well, as we all know, Wimbledon subsequently became associated | 0:18:11 | 0:18:14 | |
with a sport of the utmost refinement. | 0:18:14 | 0:18:18 | |
By the 18th century, Wimbledon was fast becoming a highly fashionable, | 0:18:18 | 0:18:23 | |
albeit isolated village, where wealthy Londoners sought country retreats. | 0:18:23 | 0:18:28 | |
The railway arrived in 1838, but it wasn't until improvements in the service in the 1850s | 0:18:28 | 0:18:34 | |
that Wimbledon became a significant suburb. | 0:18:34 | 0:18:37 | |
I'm here to visit the spiritual home of British tennis, | 0:18:37 | 0:18:41 | |
and to meet Mike Hann, who wants to put right the common misconception | 0:18:41 | 0:18:45 | |
of the origins of Wimbledon's place as a centre of sporting excellence. | 0:18:45 | 0:18:49 | |
These are the great tennis trophies, are they? | 0:18:52 | 0:18:55 | |
Yes, here's the men's singles trophy, | 0:18:55 | 0:18:57 | |
and here is the roll of the ladies' singles, | 0:18:57 | 0:19:00 | |
here are the winners going back, from 1884 and Miss Kvitova | 0:19:00 | 0:19:04 | |
who won the title in 2011. | 0:19:04 | 0:19:07 | |
Interestingly, they had the transfer up just when she was coming off the court. | 0:19:07 | 0:19:10 | |
-So they'd prepared two names? -Exactly. | 0:19:10 | 0:19:14 | |
You may be surprised that I won't be watching tennis today. | 0:19:14 | 0:19:18 | |
But then, this is the All England Lawn Tennis And CROQUET Club. | 0:19:18 | 0:19:22 | |
Mike, there's no mention of your illustrious club in my Bradshaw's. | 0:19:22 | 0:19:26 | |
When was it founded? | 0:19:26 | 0:19:27 | |
Well, the club was founded in about 1869. | 0:19:27 | 0:19:30 | |
It was founded as the All England Croquet Club, then it became | 0:19:30 | 0:19:35 | |
the All England Croquet And Lawn Tennis Club, | 0:19:35 | 0:19:37 | |
and then the All England Lawn Tennis Club, | 0:19:37 | 0:19:39 | |
and finally in 1899 it was settled on the All England Lawn Tennis And Croquet Club. | 0:19:39 | 0:19:43 | |
And it's stayed the same ever since, thank goodness. | 0:19:43 | 0:19:46 | |
The precise origin of croquet is unknown, | 0:19:46 | 0:19:49 | |
but some historians believe that the game evolved as a high society recreation | 0:19:49 | 0:19:53 | |
in Ireland during the first half of the 19th century, | 0:19:53 | 0:19:57 | |
taking England by storm in the 1860s since it provided men and women, young and old | 0:19:57 | 0:20:03 | |
with an opportunity to compete outdoors on equal terms. | 0:20:03 | 0:20:08 | |
The mechanical lawn mower, invented by Edwin Beard Budding in 1830 | 0:20:08 | 0:20:13 | |
allowed the maintenance of fine turf, and the growing railway network | 0:20:13 | 0:20:17 | |
enabled players to travel easily to tournaments. | 0:20:17 | 0:20:20 | |
So, Michael, choose your weapon. | 0:20:20 | 0:20:22 | |
-OK? -Very good. -Well, you haven't chosen mine. I'm pleased about that. | 0:20:24 | 0:20:29 | |
-Do you think my life in politics equips me for this vicious game? -Spot on. | 0:20:29 | 0:20:34 | |
This is where I get a hammering. | 0:20:38 | 0:20:41 | |
THEY CHEER | 0:20:42 | 0:20:44 | |
OK. | 0:20:44 | 0:20:46 | |
Ha! | 0:20:46 | 0:20:48 | |
You've got tremendous potential. | 0:20:48 | 0:20:50 | |
You've got a good eye, natural eye, which is... | 0:20:50 | 0:20:53 | |
and you kept your head down, and that's very, very important. | 0:20:53 | 0:20:57 | |
I have not. That was 100% a fluke. | 0:20:57 | 0:21:00 | |
THEY LAUGH | 0:21:00 | 0:21:03 | |
Until today, I associated croquet with Alice In Wonderland, | 0:21:03 | 0:21:07 | |
but now I see it as a game of tactics and skill. | 0:21:07 | 0:21:10 | |
Leaving behind the lush lawns of Wimbledon, | 0:21:11 | 0:21:14 | |
I'm heading to my final destination - Clapham Junction. | 0:21:14 | 0:21:17 | |
Opened in 1863 and situated, perversely, in the heart of Battersea. | 0:21:21 | 0:21:27 | |
I'm keen to find out how the coming of the railways affected the area. | 0:21:29 | 0:21:33 | |
Ruth MacLeod is a heritage officer at Battersea Library. | 0:21:33 | 0:21:37 | |
This is the 1838 tithe map which shows the whole of Battersea. | 0:21:39 | 0:21:43 | |
It's got the railway line, there. | 0:21:43 | 0:21:45 | |
It starts up at Nine Elms, and runs all the way to here, | 0:21:46 | 0:21:50 | |
and Clapham Junction station, as we know it today, is round here. | 0:21:50 | 0:21:54 | |
-But at this point in 1838, Clapham Junction doesn't exist at all? -No. | 0:21:54 | 0:21:58 | |
And the railway line running down to Southampton, | 0:21:58 | 0:22:01 | |
-actually, it just ends. This is, what, Nine Elms? -Yes, that's right, Nine Elms. | 0:22:01 | 0:22:05 | |
-And all of this is, what, just fields? Just agriculture? -Just fields. | 0:22:05 | 0:22:10 | |
There are a few houses there. | 0:22:10 | 0:22:12 | |
I had no idea that it was so rural as late as 1838. | 0:22:12 | 0:22:16 | |
And can you show me, then, how the railways changed south London? | 0:22:16 | 0:22:19 | |
Yes, we've got Ordnance Survey maps from the 1860s and the 1890s which show a real difference. | 0:22:19 | 0:22:24 | |
So, this is the 1865 Ordinance Survey map. As you can see it's still | 0:22:27 | 0:22:31 | |
not terribly built up. The area around here is actually market gardens. | 0:22:31 | 0:22:35 | |
I find this map particularly interesting, because 1865 | 0:22:35 | 0:22:38 | |
is the same date as my Bradshaw's guide, | 0:22:38 | 0:22:41 | |
and talking about the line coming down from Vauxhall, | 0:22:41 | 0:22:45 | |
he says that it enters upon an embankment | 0:22:45 | 0:22:48 | |
which indeed I can see here, | 0:22:48 | 0:22:50 | |
and travels through spacious market gardens. | 0:22:50 | 0:22:52 | |
So, this is an exact transcription of what I am seeing on the map, isn't it? | 0:22:52 | 0:22:56 | |
Yes, that is absolutely right. | 0:22:56 | 0:22:58 | |
And then if we move to the 1890s map, you can see there's quite a change. | 0:22:58 | 0:23:01 | |
-Another transformation. -It's a lot more built up. | 0:23:01 | 0:23:04 | |
-The area round here is actually the Shaftsbury Park Estate. -And what is that? | 0:23:04 | 0:23:08 | |
An estate built in the 1870s by what is called the Artisans And General Labourers Society | 0:23:08 | 0:23:14 | |
specifically for working people to move into. | 0:23:14 | 0:23:18 | |
Skilled working class to come and live here, | 0:23:18 | 0:23:21 | |
maybe out of central London and into somewhere slightly more rural, as it maybe then was. | 0:23:21 | 0:23:28 | |
Ruth has not only maps of Battersea's Shaftesbury Park Estate. | 0:23:28 | 0:23:32 | |
She also has personal information about its residents. | 0:23:32 | 0:23:36 | |
This is the 1881 census. | 0:23:36 | 0:23:38 | |
It's from one of the streets in the Shaftesbury Park estate. | 0:23:38 | 0:23:41 | |
On the right-hand column here it says where people are born, | 0:23:41 | 0:23:44 | |
so we've got somebody who was born in Derbyshire, | 0:23:44 | 0:23:46 | |
a whole family from Kent, Berkshire, somebody from Ireland, Oxfordshire. | 0:23:46 | 0:23:51 | |
And then here we've got their rank, profession or occupation. | 0:23:51 | 0:23:54 | |
There's a cloth damper, there's a milliner apprentice, | 0:23:54 | 0:23:58 | |
school master, engine driver at a factory | 0:23:58 | 0:24:01 | |
and telegraph clerk. | 0:24:01 | 0:24:03 | |
So, we're talking here about artisans, we're talking about people of some quality. | 0:24:03 | 0:24:07 | |
-The upper working class, as it were. -Yes, the skilled workers. | 0:24:07 | 0:24:10 | |
People who have gone out and learnt a trade, or in the case of the apprentice are learning one. | 0:24:10 | 0:24:15 | |
Built in the 1870s, the Shaftesbury Park Estate is laid out in wide tree-lined streets, | 0:24:16 | 0:24:22 | |
and each of the 1,200 two-storey homes has a front and back garden. | 0:24:22 | 0:24:27 | |
They were the antithesis of the squalor and deprivation | 0:24:27 | 0:24:30 | |
to which many of the skilled workers who lived here were accustomed. | 0:24:30 | 0:24:34 | |
With just £170, you could buy one. And Joan Rawson's grandfather did just that. | 0:24:34 | 0:24:40 | |
Joan and her friend Doreen still live on the estate. | 0:24:40 | 0:24:44 | |
Doreen, how long have you lived on the Shaftesbury Park Estate? | 0:24:44 | 0:24:47 | |
-30 years now. -And you, Joan? | 0:24:47 | 0:24:50 | |
I've lived here 83 years. I was born in the bedroom upstairs. | 0:24:50 | 0:24:55 | |
You were born in this house? | 0:24:55 | 0:24:57 | |
-I certainly was, yes. -Well, how have you found living here? | 0:24:57 | 0:25:00 | |
-You must have liked it. -Well, lots of things have changed, obviously, over the years. | 0:25:00 | 0:25:06 | |
You know, as a child we had great fun. | 0:25:06 | 0:25:10 | |
Constructed with the philanthropic assistance of Lord Shaftesbury, | 0:25:10 | 0:25:14 | |
and later managed by the Peabody Trust, Battersea's Shaftesbury Park Estate | 0:25:14 | 0:25:18 | |
was a model of affordable social housing, offering security to workers who'd been forced out | 0:25:18 | 0:25:24 | |
of their central London homes to make way for the railways. | 0:25:24 | 0:25:28 | |
Was it a neighbourly place? | 0:25:28 | 0:25:29 | |
Yes, very. Everybody knew everybody else, you could go out and leave your door open. | 0:25:29 | 0:25:35 | |
We were all contented as children. | 0:25:35 | 0:25:39 | |
Although we didn't have a lot in those days, as you can imagine. | 0:25:39 | 0:25:43 | |
Like so many outer London suburbs, Battersea underwent a 19th century metamorphosis, | 0:25:43 | 0:25:49 | |
much of it driven by the coming of the railways. | 0:25:49 | 0:25:53 | |
To carry on my journey, I'm heading back to Clapham Junction station. | 0:25:53 | 0:25:57 | |
Opened in 1863, with its spaghetti of lines emanating from Victoria and Waterloo, | 0:25:57 | 0:26:03 | |
and 20 million passengers changing trains here annually, it's Britain's busiest station. | 0:26:03 | 0:26:10 | |
But local activist Philip Beddows wants to see a big change. | 0:26:10 | 0:26:14 | |
Now, I understand you think that Clapham Junction is misnamed? | 0:26:16 | 0:26:19 | |
It is. Back in the 1860s when they built this station, | 0:26:19 | 0:26:23 | |
Battersea was expanding from its river location out here, | 0:26:23 | 0:26:27 | |
and they thought, "How could we get people to come and use this station | 0:26:27 | 0:26:32 | |
"and make this place seem a rather nice place to come and live?" | 0:26:32 | 0:26:36 | |
So they gave it the name Clapham Junction in order to attract people to this higher-branded area. | 0:26:36 | 0:26:43 | |
-Clapham was a better name? -Yes, in those days it was very, very smart, | 0:26:43 | 0:26:46 | |
and Battersea was looked down on as industrial, poor, | 0:26:46 | 0:26:50 | |
full of radical politics and not really such a great place to be living. | 0:26:50 | 0:26:57 | |
So, if this is Battersea, where is Clapham? | 0:26:57 | 0:26:59 | |
Well, Clapham's about one and a half to two miles away. | 0:26:59 | 0:27:01 | |
Back in the 19th century, | 0:27:01 | 0:27:04 | |
when Bradshaw did his railway timetable, | 0:27:04 | 0:27:06 | |
he actually recorded a note to warn travellers that when they arrived in Clapham Junction, | 0:27:06 | 0:27:11 | |
they were right in the middle of Battersea, not in Clapham. | 0:27:11 | 0:27:14 | |
And what do you want to rename this station? | 0:27:14 | 0:27:17 | |
We'd like Clapham Junction to be "Clapham Junction (Battersea)". | 0:27:17 | 0:27:20 | |
I can see in the future there are going to be shoals of confused | 0:27:20 | 0:27:23 | |
foreign tourists scratching their heads as they try and work out where they are. | 0:27:23 | 0:27:27 | |
Maybe, but they are going to be less confused than they are today. | 0:27:27 | 0:27:29 | |
Victorian Britain is evoked by the croquet lawns of Wimbledon | 0:27:35 | 0:27:38 | |
and the conservatories of Kew, but for the working class life was no bed of roses, | 0:27:38 | 0:27:44 | |
and the philanthropy of Shaftesbury and Peabody also typify the age. | 0:27:44 | 0:27:49 | |
Bradshaw's Britain was as grimy as it was green. | 0:27:49 | 0:27:55 | |
On the next leg of my journey, | 0:27:55 | 0:27:57 | |
I'll learn that volunteer Victorian firefighters liked a tipple. | 0:27:57 | 0:28:02 | |
To encourage people to come and help pump the fire engine, | 0:28:02 | 0:28:05 | |
insurance brigades would either take kegs of beer with them to a fire, | 0:28:05 | 0:28:08 | |
or they would take beer tokens with them. | 0:28:08 | 0:28:10 | |
I'll discover how even 19th century sewage pumps were a celebration of design. | 0:28:10 | 0:28:16 | |
Open this valve, here. | 0:28:16 | 0:28:17 | |
And I'll put in a shift at the oldest fish market in Britain. | 0:28:22 | 0:28:27 | |
Thank you, Michael. Let's get them boxed up. | 0:28:27 | 0:28:29 | |
-The man wants his fish today, not the weekend. -MICHAEL CHUCKLES | 0:28:29 | 0:28:32 | |
Subtitles by Red Bee Media Ltd | 0:28:35 | 0:28:39 |