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In 1840, one man transformed travel in Britain. | 0:00:05 | 0:00:10 | |
His name was George Bradshaw | 0:00:10 | 0:00:12 | |
and his railway guides inspired the Victorians to take to the tracks. | 0:00:12 | 0:00:16 | |
Stop by stop, he told them where to go, what to see and where to stay. | 0:00:17 | 0:00:23 | |
And now, 170 years later, I'm aboard for a series of rail adventures | 0:00:23 | 0:00:29 | |
across the United Kingdom to see what of Bradshaw's Britain remains. | 0:00:29 | 0:00:34 | |
I'm reaching the end of my journey and I'll be travelling | 0:00:56 | 0:00:58 | |
along the south coast through the counties of East and West Sussex. | 0:00:58 | 0:01:03 | |
Bradshaw says, "Railways may now be considered as accelerators | 0:01:03 | 0:01:07 | |
"of pleasure. Bringing the most favourite watering places | 0:01:07 | 0:01:11 | |
"along the coast within the compass of a brief and agreeable journey." | 0:01:11 | 0:01:16 | |
As we might say today, trains were changing the work/life balance. | 0:01:16 | 0:01:20 | |
'On this leg, I'll pick up the scent underground in Brighton...' | 0:01:23 | 0:01:27 | |
I had no idea that sewage had such a sweet tinkle to it. | 0:01:27 | 0:01:30 | |
'..visit a palace that didn't amuse a queen...' | 0:01:30 | 0:01:33 | |
As the royal pair approached Castle Square, | 0:01:33 | 0:01:36 | |
the crowd pressed forward more closely and some | 0:01:36 | 0:01:39 | |
errant boys rudely peered beneath Her Majesty's bonnet. | 0:01:39 | 0:01:42 | |
How frightful! | 0:01:42 | 0:01:44 | |
'..and pass the chequered flag in style.' | 0:01:44 | 0:01:46 | |
Down the straight in the revival, they're doing 180mph. | 0:01:46 | 0:01:50 | |
I can't believe it. | 0:01:50 | 0:01:51 | |
I'm touching just over 60 now and enjoying it. | 0:01:51 | 0:01:54 | |
-That was 70, come on. -Ha, ha! | 0:01:54 | 0:01:57 | |
My journey began in the cathedral city of Norwich. | 0:02:02 | 0:02:05 | |
I travelled south through East Anglia to Ipswich and Chelmsford. | 0:02:05 | 0:02:09 | |
Crossing the Thames at Tilbury, I continued through Kent to Dover | 0:02:10 | 0:02:15 | |
and then headed inland to Tonbridge. | 0:02:15 | 0:02:17 | |
I'll return to the coast at Brighton, before ending | 0:02:17 | 0:02:21 | |
my journey in another cathedral city. | 0:02:21 | 0:02:24 | |
Now I reach the seaside at Brighton and visit Bramber and Arundel, | 0:02:26 | 0:02:31 | |
before arriving at my final destination - Chichester. | 0:02:31 | 0:02:35 | |
My first stop will be what Bradshaw's calls "the marine metropolis". | 0:02:40 | 0:02:44 | |
And here's an interesting social comment. | 0:02:44 | 0:02:47 | |
"Merchants who formerly made Dulwich or Dalston | 0:02:47 | 0:02:49 | |
"the boundaries of their suburban residences | 0:02:49 | 0:02:52 | |
"now have their mansions by the south coast and still get | 0:02:52 | 0:02:56 | |
"in less time, by a less expensive conveyance, to their counting houses in the city." | 0:02:56 | 0:03:01 | |
What's more, Brighton had a royal seal of approval. | 0:03:01 | 0:03:05 | |
The railway arrived here in 1841 | 0:03:07 | 0:03:10 | |
and by the mid-1840s, the journey time from London | 0:03:10 | 0:03:13 | |
was just over an hour. | 0:03:13 | 0:03:15 | |
Brighton Station was soon bustling with day trippers and commuters. | 0:03:15 | 0:03:19 | |
My guidebook comments that, "The Brighton terminus is | 0:03:21 | 0:03:24 | |
"an elegant structure, fitted up in the most convenient manner." | 0:03:24 | 0:03:28 | |
Hear hear. | 0:03:28 | 0:03:30 | |
Originally called Brighthelmstone, as a fishing village | 0:03:35 | 0:03:39 | |
Brighton avoided the limelight until the late 18th century. | 0:03:39 | 0:03:42 | |
That changed after the Prince Regent, | 0:03:44 | 0:03:46 | |
later King George IV, first visited Brighton in 1783. | 0:03:46 | 0:03:52 | |
He began to spend time here. | 0:03:52 | 0:03:54 | |
As a man devoted to elegance and pleasure, | 0:03:54 | 0:03:58 | |
he decided in 1787 to create this whimsical pavilion. | 0:03:58 | 0:04:03 | |
The Brighton Pavilion, says my guidebook, "Rises with domes | 0:04:03 | 0:04:07 | |
"and minarets, and is fretted with greater variety than taste. | 0:04:07 | 0:04:12 | |
"Erected for George IV, after a fanciful oriental model." | 0:04:12 | 0:04:18 | |
You sense here the disdain that every generation | 0:04:18 | 0:04:21 | |
feels for the fashion of its predecessor. | 0:04:21 | 0:04:24 | |
'I think I'll ask some of today's visitors what they think...' | 0:04:25 | 0:04:29 | |
-Hello. -Hello, how are you doing? | 0:04:29 | 0:04:31 | |
I'm using a 19th-century guidebook | 0:04:31 | 0:04:33 | |
which says that the exterior of the building displays more variety than taste. | 0:04:33 | 0:04:37 | |
What do you think of that remark? | 0:04:37 | 0:04:39 | |
I think taste is in the eye of the beholder, really. | 0:04:39 | 0:04:42 | |
I actually think it's really nice to look at, so I'd disagree with that. | 0:04:42 | 0:04:46 | |
I think the variety actually adds to the taste, really. | 0:04:46 | 0:04:49 | |
It makes it quite unique and different. Definitely. | 0:04:49 | 0:04:52 | |
What do you think of the pavilion here in Brighton? | 0:04:52 | 0:04:54 | |
I am Italian. We usually have good taste, like French. | 0:04:54 | 0:04:58 | |
And I think that... | 0:04:58 | 0:05:00 | |
so mixing things, not very good taste. | 0:05:00 | 0:05:03 | |
I think that the outside is beautiful | 0:05:06 | 0:05:08 | |
but the inside is a bit eclectic. | 0:05:08 | 0:05:11 | |
It's just like a mishmash of styles. | 0:05:11 | 0:05:14 | |
I'm going inside to find out more about this extraordinary | 0:05:15 | 0:05:18 | |
building from Alexandra Loske. | 0:05:18 | 0:05:21 | |
Alexandra, I think this is the most exotic, | 0:05:21 | 0:05:24 | |
not to say over-the-top, building that I have ever been in. | 0:05:24 | 0:05:27 | |
What made the Prince Regent - George IV - | 0:05:27 | 0:05:29 | |
choose Brighton for his residence? | 0:05:29 | 0:05:31 | |
Well, he came down as a very young man, | 0:05:31 | 0:05:33 | |
the young Prince of Wales in 1783, really to get away from London. | 0:05:33 | 0:05:38 | |
He rented a farmhouse, substantial house, which was on this site, | 0:05:38 | 0:05:42 | |
and later transformed it into this exotic, | 0:05:42 | 0:05:46 | |
Indian-looking building. | 0:05:46 | 0:05:48 | |
And of course the architect of that was the famous John Nash. | 0:05:48 | 0:05:51 | |
That's extraordinary because I associate John Nash with | 0:05:51 | 0:05:54 | |
the very symmetrical buildings of Regent's Park, | 0:05:54 | 0:05:57 | |
Buckingham Palace and so on. | 0:05:57 | 0:06:00 | |
This was his walk on the wild side. | 0:06:00 | 0:06:02 | |
It was, both for John Nash and for King George IV. | 0:06:02 | 0:06:05 | |
This was a place away from London where you could, you know, | 0:06:05 | 0:06:09 | |
let your imagination run wild. | 0:06:09 | 0:06:11 | |
I don't think this building could have been built in London. | 0:06:11 | 0:06:14 | |
Brighton suited George's louche lifestyle. | 0:06:14 | 0:06:16 | |
With a passion for fashion, the arts | 0:06:16 | 0:06:19 | |
and good living, he was a rebel against his strict upbringing. | 0:06:19 | 0:06:22 | |
He threw himself with enthusiasm into drinking, | 0:06:22 | 0:06:25 | |
gambling and womanising. | 0:06:25 | 0:06:27 | |
Was he able to enjoy the building? | 0:06:27 | 0:06:29 | |
He did. He used it really for entertaining. | 0:06:29 | 0:06:33 | |
And you can tell by the way the building looks and how it's laid out | 0:06:33 | 0:06:37 | |
that it was really a party palace. | 0:06:37 | 0:06:39 | |
The extraordinary style - what were the inspirations for it? | 0:06:39 | 0:06:42 | |
Well, the inspirations were India, any exotic country, | 0:06:42 | 0:06:46 | |
mostly the Far East, | 0:06:46 | 0:06:47 | |
and that was fashionable, so he wasn't alone in this. | 0:06:47 | 0:06:50 | |
It's a style called orientalism or chinoiserie | 0:06:50 | 0:06:54 | |
and it was hugely popular in the mid-18th century | 0:06:54 | 0:06:57 | |
but nobody did it on this scale. | 0:06:57 | 0:07:01 | |
So this was a fantasy vision of the east, as imagined by the Europeans. | 0:07:01 | 0:07:08 | |
At the ceiling here we have, | 0:07:08 | 0:07:09 | |
supposedly holding this gigantic chandelier, a dragon. | 0:07:09 | 0:07:14 | |
And, of course, you associate China with dragons. | 0:07:14 | 0:07:18 | |
But if you look closely, it's actually a Welsh dragon. | 0:07:18 | 0:07:22 | |
It's what the artist knew about dragons. | 0:07:22 | 0:07:25 | |
Very few people had solid knowledge about the Orient | 0:07:25 | 0:07:27 | |
and Chinese mythology and symbolism. | 0:07:27 | 0:07:31 | |
George IV didn't have long to enjoy his pleasure dome, | 0:07:32 | 0:07:36 | |
which was completed in 1823. | 0:07:36 | 0:07:40 | |
Perhaps his extravagant lifestyle caught up with him | 0:07:40 | 0:07:42 | |
and his health failed. | 0:07:42 | 0:07:45 | |
His last visit to Brighton was in 1827 | 0:07:45 | 0:07:48 | |
and he died three years later. | 0:07:48 | 0:07:50 | |
In 1837 the Victorian era begins. | 0:07:52 | 0:07:55 | |
How did the young queen take to this building? | 0:07:55 | 0:07:58 | |
Well, she comes here just a few months after her coronation - she's still only 18. | 0:07:58 | 0:08:02 | |
And she has mixed feelings and views on the building | 0:08:02 | 0:08:07 | |
but it's probably best to tell you more about this in her | 0:08:07 | 0:08:10 | |
-private apartments here in the building. -Excellent. | 0:08:10 | 0:08:12 | |
George IV's palace by the sea expressed one man's | 0:08:13 | 0:08:17 | |
personal taste for Oriental splendour. | 0:08:17 | 0:08:20 | |
It was too flamboyant | 0:08:20 | 0:08:22 | |
and too much associated with decadence for Queen Victoria. | 0:08:22 | 0:08:26 | |
So here we are in Queen Victoria's private apartments on the | 0:08:26 | 0:08:29 | |
-upper floor of the royal pavilion. -Did she like Brighton? | 0:08:29 | 0:08:32 | |
She tried to like it but it had various problems. | 0:08:32 | 0:08:35 | |
The place was too small for her, | 0:08:35 | 0:08:38 | |
certainly not good for a growing number of children. | 0:08:38 | 0:08:42 | |
But it was mainly the lack of privacy here. | 0:08:42 | 0:08:45 | |
And did the railways contribute to this loss of privacy? | 0:08:45 | 0:08:48 | |
Of course, absolutely. Because from 1841 | 0:08:48 | 0:08:51 | |
when the line opens between London and Brighton, | 0:08:51 | 0:08:54 | |
many, many more people come to Brighton on day trips. | 0:08:54 | 0:08:57 | |
It's mostly Londoners and they can afford to now. | 0:08:57 | 0:09:00 | |
It's quick, you can come for a day or a weekend, it's cheap | 0:09:00 | 0:09:04 | |
and the place gets swarmed with ordinary people. | 0:09:04 | 0:09:07 | |
And of course, Victoria does object to that. | 0:09:07 | 0:09:11 | |
Did the Queen herself use the train to come to Brighton? | 0:09:11 | 0:09:13 | |
She did at least once. | 0:09:13 | 0:09:15 | |
On the way down she likes the comfort | 0:09:15 | 0:09:17 | |
of the saloon she's travelling in. | 0:09:17 | 0:09:20 | |
On the return journey she says, | 0:09:20 | 0:09:21 | |
"Oh, it only took us an hour and six minutes. | 0:09:21 | 0:09:24 | |
"This is rather too quick, I think." | 0:09:24 | 0:09:26 | |
Yeah, Queen Victoria did not like fast-moving trains. | 0:09:26 | 0:09:30 | |
'But then came the final straw. | 0:09:30 | 0:09:32 | |
'On her last visit here in 1845, | 0:09:32 | 0:09:35 | |
'Victoria and Albert went for a walk incognito. | 0:09:35 | 0:09:39 | |
'Word got around that the royal couple were on the pier. | 0:09:39 | 0:09:42 | |
'The Illustrated London News reported the story.' | 0:09:42 | 0:09:46 | |
"As the royal pair approached Castle Square, the crowd | 0:09:46 | 0:09:49 | |
"pressed forward more closely | 0:09:49 | 0:09:51 | |
"and some errant boys rudely peered beneath Her Majesty's bonnet". | 0:09:51 | 0:09:55 | |
-How frightful. -It is a bit. | 0:09:55 | 0:09:57 | |
And then Victoria writes a letter to somebody saying, "The people in | 0:09:57 | 0:10:02 | |
"Brighton are terribly indiscreet | 0:10:02 | 0:10:05 | |
"and it feels very much like a prison here." | 0:10:05 | 0:10:08 | |
She sells the entire estate here in Brighton - and the buildings - | 0:10:08 | 0:10:11 | |
in 1850 to the town of Brighton. | 0:10:11 | 0:10:16 | |
After Queen Victoria abandoned Brighton | 0:10:16 | 0:10:18 | |
and sought privacy on the Isle of Wight, | 0:10:18 | 0:10:21 | |
the hoi polloi continued to delight in | 0:10:21 | 0:10:23 | |
the pleasures of this seaside town. | 0:10:23 | 0:10:26 | |
This is my guidebook's description of Brighton, | 0:10:26 | 0:10:29 | |
"Pleasure seekers out for the day and eager to be ubiquitous, | 0:10:29 | 0:10:32 | |
"hurrying to and fro, through the market to the spa, | 0:10:32 | 0:10:35 | |
"to the racecourse, | 0:10:35 | 0:10:37 | |
"the windmill, the beach, the shops, and the chain pier, | 0:10:37 | 0:10:40 | |
"in as rapid succession as the most ingenious locomotion could devise." | 0:10:40 | 0:10:45 | |
Some of the attractions have changed but the nature of Brighton hasn't. | 0:10:45 | 0:10:49 | |
But my Bradshaw's reveals another layer to this town. | 0:10:51 | 0:10:54 | |
Here's a change of tone in my guidebook. | 0:10:56 | 0:10:58 | |
"A twang of saltiness greets the lip." | 0:10:58 | 0:11:01 | |
There is another Brighton burrowing beneath the royal palace | 0:11:01 | 0:11:05 | |
and my journey today will take me from the sublime to the slime. | 0:11:05 | 0:11:09 | |
The rapid expansion of towns such as Brighton | 0:11:14 | 0:11:17 | |
demanded wonders from Victorian engineers. | 0:11:17 | 0:11:21 | |
Some of the most impressive are hidden deep underground. | 0:11:21 | 0:11:24 | |
I'm descending into the sludgy, Victorian bowels of the earth... | 0:11:27 | 0:11:32 | |
'to meet Stuart Slark to find out more.' | 0:11:32 | 0:11:35 | |
Stuart, what a charming place to meet. | 0:11:38 | 0:11:40 | |
Turn our stomachs a bit - | 0:11:40 | 0:11:42 | |
what was Brighton like before it had a sewerage system? | 0:11:42 | 0:11:45 | |
Very bad, very smelly because all they used to do in the old days, | 0:11:45 | 0:11:48 | |
they used to drain it to the top of the beach. | 0:11:48 | 0:11:50 | |
So at the beginning of the 19th century, | 0:11:50 | 0:11:52 | |
tourists would come down to Brighton and find what? | 0:11:52 | 0:11:55 | |
A lot of messy stuff all over the beach. It was disgusting. Absolutely disgusting and smelly. | 0:11:55 | 0:11:59 | |
And so what was it that the Victorians did about it? | 0:11:59 | 0:12:01 | |
Well, they built these magnificent sewers | 0:12:01 | 0:12:04 | |
that you're going to see today. | 0:12:04 | 0:12:05 | |
A wonderful piece of engineering from Sir John Hawkshaw. | 0:12:05 | 0:12:09 | |
Can we go and witness this glorious Victorian engineering? | 0:12:09 | 0:12:11 | |
-Of course you can. Come with me. -Thank you. -That's it. | 0:12:11 | 0:12:15 | |
'44 miles of sewers were constructed in 1865 | 0:12:15 | 0:12:19 | |
'followed by this enormous intercepting sewer, | 0:12:19 | 0:12:22 | |
'completed in 1874, | 0:12:22 | 0:12:24 | |
'which took the waste water out of the town altogether.' | 0:12:24 | 0:12:27 | |
Stuart, that was a very slippery and slithery tunnel | 0:12:27 | 0:12:30 | |
but now we come into this magnificent vault! | 0:12:30 | 0:12:33 | |
I mean, the engineering here! The scale of it! Fantastic! | 0:12:33 | 0:12:36 | |
Yeah, this is... We are now 40 feet underground. | 0:12:36 | 0:12:39 | |
We're right by the side of the steam fountain in Brighton. | 0:12:39 | 0:12:42 | |
You've got the Victorian sewer running down the side. | 0:12:42 | 0:12:44 | |
Also, we have got two big sewers coming down into this, | 0:12:44 | 0:12:48 | |
that when they have heavy rain, it will overflow into where we | 0:12:48 | 0:12:52 | |
are standing and then go down these two barrels behind us | 0:12:52 | 0:12:55 | |
towards the sea. | 0:12:55 | 0:12:57 | |
Wait a minute, so we're standing here... | 0:12:57 | 0:13:00 | |
What happens if that overflows while we're standing here? | 0:13:00 | 0:13:02 | |
We'll have the ride of our life down those tunnels. | 0:13:02 | 0:13:05 | |
It would be better than your train journeys. | 0:13:05 | 0:13:07 | |
Frankly, has this been over-engineered? | 0:13:07 | 0:13:09 | |
For some unknown reason they really went to town on this. | 0:13:09 | 0:13:12 | |
They over-engineered it | 0:13:12 | 0:13:14 | |
and even to this day, it still copes with the present | 0:13:14 | 0:13:18 | |
climate of the heavy rains that we're getting now. | 0:13:18 | 0:13:21 | |
So I understand this has been built to last for 500 years. | 0:13:21 | 0:13:25 | |
And how does it actually work? Because I don't see any motors. | 0:13:25 | 0:13:28 | |
I don't see where there would have been a steam engine. What's the power? | 0:13:28 | 0:13:31 | |
It's all gravity-fed. Normally, it's falling down one foot per mile | 0:13:31 | 0:13:35 | |
for seven and a quarter miles down to Portobello. | 0:13:35 | 0:13:38 | |
And that pleasant sound of tinkling water | 0:13:38 | 0:13:40 | |
is actually the sound of Brighton's sewerage going past, is it? | 0:13:40 | 0:13:45 | |
That is correct, yes. Everything else coming down as well, yeah. | 0:13:45 | 0:13:48 | |
I had no idea that sewage had such a sweet tinkle to it. | 0:13:48 | 0:13:51 | |
Brighton needs its sewers, as society needs politicians. | 0:13:56 | 0:14:01 | |
Now it's time for me to return to Brighton Station | 0:14:04 | 0:14:07 | |
to travel on to my next stop. | 0:14:07 | 0:14:09 | |
My overnight rest will be in Bramber. Bradshaw's tells me that, | 0:14:22 | 0:14:26 | |
"It's a place of no particular note beyond the remains of a castle, | 0:14:26 | 0:14:29 | |
"which dates from about the time of the conquest." | 0:14:29 | 0:14:32 | |
Still, shortly after this guidebook was written, | 0:14:32 | 0:14:35 | |
tourists were flocking in by train. | 0:14:35 | 0:14:38 | |
Bramber Station closed in 1966 as a result of the Beeching axe. | 0:14:46 | 0:14:52 | |
So I'm disembarking at nearby Shoreham | 0:14:52 | 0:14:55 | |
and travelling up to what remains of Bramber's Norman castle | 0:14:55 | 0:14:59 | |
to meet museum curator Chris Tod. | 0:14:59 | 0:15:02 | |
Hello, Michael. Good to see you. | 0:15:02 | 0:15:04 | |
What was it that brought the tourists in their large numbers? | 0:15:04 | 0:15:07 | |
Well, there was the castle | 0:15:07 | 0:15:09 | |
and subsequent to Bradshaw's publication, | 0:15:09 | 0:15:12 | |
there was a museum of taxidermy known as Potter's Museum. | 0:15:12 | 0:15:16 | |
Taxidermy was very popular with Victorians but why would it merit a museum? | 0:15:16 | 0:15:20 | |
Well, he had a twist on it. | 0:15:20 | 0:15:22 | |
He created tableaux telling stories with numerous different animals. | 0:15:22 | 0:15:28 | |
Mimicking either a poem | 0:15:28 | 0:15:30 | |
in the case of Who Killed Cock Robin or a rabbit's schoolroom | 0:15:30 | 0:15:35 | |
or a kitten's croquet party. | 0:15:35 | 0:15:37 | |
Some of which had mechanical bits which you could activate. | 0:15:37 | 0:15:40 | |
Tell me what Bramber was like when these waves of tourists | 0:15:40 | 0:15:43 | |
were descending upon it. | 0:15:43 | 0:15:45 | |
The tourists came by train. There was | 0:15:45 | 0:15:47 | |
the line running from Shoreham to Horsham, which stopped at Bramber, | 0:15:47 | 0:15:52 | |
and they constructed an extra-long platform at Bramber, | 0:15:52 | 0:15:55 | |
so that they could take an extra couple of coaches. | 0:15:55 | 0:15:59 | |
Well, I'm staying tonight at the Castle - is that one of your historic inns? | 0:15:59 | 0:16:03 | |
It is. Its history goes back, as far as we know, to Tudor times | 0:16:03 | 0:16:06 | |
but in the mid-19th century when its name was still different - it was called the White Lion - | 0:16:06 | 0:16:11 | |
Walter Potter's father, James Potter, ran it | 0:16:11 | 0:16:15 | |
and Walter Potter was a servant at the inn. | 0:16:15 | 0:16:18 | |
-I will potter off. Very good. Thank you. -Nice seeing you. | 0:16:18 | 0:16:21 | |
Potter's museum of taxidermy has long since closed. | 0:16:25 | 0:16:29 | |
'But the Castle Hotel is just the place | 0:16:29 | 0:16:32 | |
'for a generously-stuffed pillow.' | 0:16:32 | 0:16:34 | |
Good evening. | 0:16:36 | 0:16:37 | |
It's the final day of my journey | 0:16:44 | 0:16:46 | |
and I'm heading back to Shoreham Station. | 0:16:46 | 0:16:48 | |
My first stop today will be Arundel. | 0:17:01 | 0:17:04 | |
I'm told that, "It's situated on the declivity of a steep hill. | 0:17:04 | 0:17:08 | |
"At the foot runs the river Arun, | 0:17:08 | 0:17:10 | |
"over which is built a handsome stone bridge. | 0:17:10 | 0:17:13 | |
"The appearance of the town with its stately castle | 0:17:13 | 0:17:16 | |
"and winding river is singularly beautiful." | 0:17:16 | 0:17:20 | |
As I near the end of my journey, my eyes are going to feast. | 0:17:20 | 0:17:24 | |
Arundel can thank the Duke of Norfolk for its railway station. | 0:17:36 | 0:17:40 | |
The Howards' impressive castle overlooking the Arun river | 0:17:41 | 0:17:45 | |
was begun in 1068 | 0:17:45 | 0:17:47 | |
and partially destroyed during the English Civil War. | 0:17:47 | 0:17:50 | |
The family rebuilt in the 19th century | 0:17:53 | 0:17:56 | |
in this Victorian Gothic style. | 0:17:56 | 0:17:59 | |
I'm starting my tour in the library with my guide, Brenda Thompson. | 0:17:59 | 0:18:04 | |
What a beautiful library, Brenda. | 0:18:04 | 0:18:07 | |
The restorations that my Bradshaw's are referring to - | 0:18:07 | 0:18:09 | |
those before, say, 1864 - | 0:18:09 | 0:18:13 | |
these were various dukes restoring, | 0:18:13 | 0:18:15 | |
in inverted commas, to a gothic style? | 0:18:15 | 0:18:17 | |
Yes, yes. Starting probably with our 11th duke - | 0:18:17 | 0:18:21 | |
he was the man who also built this beautiful library. | 0:18:21 | 0:18:24 | |
Took about 13 years to complete. | 0:18:24 | 0:18:26 | |
How many books does it have? | 0:18:26 | 0:18:27 | |
We have 10,000 in here. | 0:18:27 | 0:18:29 | |
I'm very interested in the doings of Queen Victoria. | 0:18:29 | 0:18:32 | |
Did she get to visit the castle? | 0:18:32 | 0:18:34 | |
Yes, she did, in 1846 with Prince Albert. | 0:18:34 | 0:18:37 | |
They had... They were given two years' notice that she was coming | 0:18:37 | 0:18:41 | |
so they had time to prepare. | 0:18:41 | 0:18:43 | |
And so this room in particular, | 0:18:43 | 0:18:45 | |
all the red furnishing was put in for her visit. | 0:18:45 | 0:18:48 | |
They had some furniture made for the state bedroom, | 0:18:48 | 0:18:51 | |
they also put some little stoves along the picture gallery | 0:18:51 | 0:18:54 | |
because they thought she might get a bit chilly. | 0:18:54 | 0:18:57 | |
Did the queen enjoy her visit? | 0:18:57 | 0:18:59 | |
Yes, I believe so because we have copies of her diaries. | 0:18:59 | 0:19:02 | |
A couple of things she thought a little boring | 0:19:02 | 0:19:04 | |
and she thought her rooms were very comfortable, but rather small. | 0:19:04 | 0:19:08 | |
-It's wonderful to have the frankness of Queen Victoria's diaries. -Yes. | 0:19:08 | 0:19:13 | |
Then there was a huge restoration, wasn't there? | 0:19:13 | 0:19:15 | |
Well, Duke Henry decided to continue the restoration work, | 0:19:15 | 0:19:18 | |
enlarge the castle and he | 0:19:18 | 0:19:20 | |
wanted it all in this Gothic style so it had this flow throughout. | 0:19:20 | 0:19:23 | |
All this work was made far easier by the proximity of the railways, | 0:19:25 | 0:19:29 | |
allowing building materials to be transported from the nearby station. | 0:19:29 | 0:19:34 | |
The duke did some very progressive renovations here, | 0:19:34 | 0:19:37 | |
including a steam-pumped water supply, central heating, | 0:19:37 | 0:19:41 | |
a hydraulic lift and 1,000 electric light bulbs. | 0:19:41 | 0:19:45 | |
A great supporter of the railways, the duke was happy for the line | 0:19:45 | 0:19:49 | |
to cross his land as long as the timetable met his convenience. | 0:19:49 | 0:19:54 | |
He made sure all the trains stopped here in case he wanted to go to London. | 0:19:54 | 0:19:58 | |
I think you can divide the dukes of the 19th century into two sorts - | 0:19:58 | 0:20:01 | |
those opposed to railways and those who were in favour of them - | 0:20:01 | 0:20:04 | |
-but they all liked the train to stop where they wanted it. -Exactly. | 0:20:04 | 0:20:07 | |
I know the train won't wait for me, | 0:20:08 | 0:20:10 | |
so I must be at the station in time to catch | 0:20:10 | 0:20:12 | |
the last train of this journey. | 0:20:12 | 0:20:15 | |
I'm now approaching my last stop, | 0:20:29 | 0:20:31 | |
Chichester, which Bradshaw's tells me, | 0:20:31 | 0:20:33 | |
"Is an old town on the square Roman plan. | 0:20:33 | 0:20:36 | |
"It's a clean and neatly-built cathedral city." And so my journey | 0:20:36 | 0:20:40 | |
that began in Norwich has taken me from one cathedral to another. | 0:20:40 | 0:20:44 | |
Well, I've made a long journey to see this wonder | 0:21:04 | 0:21:06 | |
and I'm not disappointed. | 0:21:06 | 0:21:08 | |
It has a slender refinement to it. | 0:21:08 | 0:21:10 | |
Bradshaw's tells me that it was built in the 12th century. | 0:21:10 | 0:21:14 | |
It's 377ft long including the Lady Chapel here. | 0:21:14 | 0:21:19 | |
Norman and Early English work prevail. | 0:21:19 | 0:21:22 | |
The fine eight-sided spire is 300 feet high. | 0:21:22 | 0:21:26 | |
In fact, the spire collapsed dramatically in 1861, was rebuilt | 0:21:26 | 0:21:31 | |
by the architect Gilbert Scott with a donation from Queen Victoria. | 0:21:31 | 0:21:36 | |
An event in the British social calendar draws | 0:21:38 | 0:21:41 | |
thousands of visitors every summer. | 0:21:41 | 0:21:44 | |
To find out more, I'm heading up into the South Downs | 0:21:44 | 0:21:48 | |
to a ducal estate with long-standing passions for fast horses, | 0:21:48 | 0:21:52 | |
and fast cars - Goodwood. | 0:21:52 | 0:21:55 | |
It all started with the first Duke of Richmond's passion for hunting. | 0:21:57 | 0:22:01 | |
These splendid kennels for foxhounds were built by the third duke. | 0:22:01 | 0:22:05 | |
I'm meeting Hilary Sloan to find out more. | 0:22:05 | 0:22:09 | |
-Hello, Hilary! -Hello, Michael. | 0:22:09 | 0:22:11 | |
Erm, Bradshaw's tells me | 0:22:11 | 0:22:13 | |
about horse racing here in July at Goodwood. | 0:22:13 | 0:22:16 | |
But we're meeting by some kennels. | 0:22:16 | 0:22:18 | |
How do we move from fox hunting to horse racing? | 0:22:18 | 0:22:21 | |
Well, the third duke was passionate about horses. | 0:22:21 | 0:22:23 | |
He'd been exercising his own horses | 0:22:23 | 0:22:26 | |
on the sands down at Itchener, close by, since 1783. | 0:22:26 | 0:22:31 | |
And in 1801 he was asked | 0:22:31 | 0:22:33 | |
if the Sussex militia could exercise their horses up on the Harrow Way, | 0:22:33 | 0:22:38 | |
which is where the horse racing still takes place today. | 0:22:38 | 0:22:41 | |
This was such a great success, this private meeting. | 0:22:41 | 0:22:45 | |
1802, he established the first public meeting | 0:22:45 | 0:22:48 | |
and the rest really is history. | 0:22:48 | 0:22:50 | |
For the best outlook on the racecourse, Hilary takes me | 0:22:52 | 0:22:55 | |
up to a viewpoint known as the Trundle. | 0:22:55 | 0:22:57 | |
A glorious view of Glorious Goodwood. | 0:22:58 | 0:23:00 | |
Who would have had this view in the 19th century? | 0:23:00 | 0:23:03 | |
It was most definitely both sides of society. | 0:23:03 | 0:23:05 | |
Royalty, aristocracy and | 0:23:05 | 0:23:08 | |
the locals and even Londoners and people from Brighton. | 0:23:08 | 0:23:12 | |
Now if you were up here, viewing the races for nothing, | 0:23:12 | 0:23:14 | |
you were not only looking down on horse racing - | 0:23:14 | 0:23:17 | |
you were looking down on the British establishment, weren't you? | 0:23:17 | 0:23:20 | |
Most definitely and this was the place, the favourite | 0:23:20 | 0:23:23 | |
playground for the Prince of Wales, who later became Edward VII. | 0:23:23 | 0:23:28 | |
What did Queen Victoria think of his racing passion? | 0:23:28 | 0:23:32 | |
Ah, well, I get the feeling she was not amused. | 0:23:32 | 0:23:35 | |
Horse racing did not interest her at all and of course she felt that | 0:23:35 | 0:23:39 | |
her son - often called Bertie - was playing around a little too much. | 0:23:39 | 0:23:44 | |
How did the hoi polloi on the Trundle | 0:23:44 | 0:23:47 | |
and the establishment down there make their way to the racecourse? | 0:23:47 | 0:23:51 | |
I hope they came by train. | 0:23:51 | 0:23:53 | |
Well, of course, let's talk about the royalty first. | 0:23:53 | 0:23:55 | |
The Prince of Wales - he would arrive on the train, | 0:23:55 | 0:23:57 | |
the London, Brighton and South Coast Railway. | 0:23:57 | 0:23:59 | |
But he wouldn't come in to Chichester - | 0:23:59 | 0:24:01 | |
he would stop at a halt called Drayton, about two miles to the east of Chichester. | 0:24:01 | 0:24:06 | |
And the etiquette would be that the Duke of Richmond would have arranged | 0:24:06 | 0:24:10 | |
for a carriage to go and collect him. | 0:24:10 | 0:24:12 | |
He even went to the trouble of watering the road | 0:24:12 | 0:24:14 | |
between Goodwood and Drayton to make sure there'd be no dust in the way. | 0:24:14 | 0:24:19 | |
The plebeian hordes would trudge up to the Trundle from the station | 0:24:20 | 0:24:24 | |
and gaze upon the grandees from this vantage point. | 0:24:24 | 0:24:27 | |
I'm getting the impression that Goodwood's always evolving. | 0:24:27 | 0:24:31 | |
It started with fox-hunting then there was horse racing - | 0:24:31 | 0:24:34 | |
why does it keep changing? | 0:24:34 | 0:24:36 | |
This is really something of the passions, | 0:24:36 | 0:24:38 | |
the different passions, of our various dukes | 0:24:38 | 0:24:41 | |
and by the time of the 20th century | 0:24:41 | 0:24:44 | |
our 9th Duke of Richmond was mad keen on everything to do with motor racing, | 0:24:44 | 0:24:48 | |
and that was the start of the motor passions here at Goodwood. | 0:24:48 | 0:24:53 | |
So these days the Goodwood Estate also draws the crowds | 0:24:54 | 0:24:58 | |
for a different type of horse power. | 0:24:58 | 0:25:01 | |
Chris Taylor is going to fill me in. | 0:25:01 | 0:25:03 | |
-How's it going? Hello there. -It's going very well. -Good. | 0:25:03 | 0:25:07 | |
I've been thinking about the horse racing here, but now | 0:25:07 | 0:25:10 | |
you have a motor circuit too - how did Goodwood make the transition? | 0:25:10 | 0:25:14 | |
The airfield was set up to be a fighter base during the Second World War | 0:25:14 | 0:25:17 | |
and afterwards when all the planes had gone, the Duke of Richmond was | 0:25:17 | 0:25:21 | |
driving round here with a friend and the friend said to him, | 0:25:21 | 0:25:24 | |
"I say, old chap, this place would make a jolly fine motor circuit, don't you know?" | 0:25:24 | 0:25:28 | |
The first meeting in 1948 here, was the first meeting, | 0:25:28 | 0:25:32 | |
first race meeting, after the war in all of the UK. | 0:25:32 | 0:25:35 | |
And now you have these great gatherings, don't you? What are they called? | 0:25:35 | 0:25:38 | |
You're talking about the Goodwood Revival, which is the race meeting | 0:25:38 | 0:25:42 | |
which has been set up by the Earl of March to recreate | 0:25:42 | 0:25:46 | |
the races that took place between the '50s and '60s. | 0:25:46 | 0:25:49 | |
So it's the same cars, in some cases with the same drivers, | 0:25:49 | 0:25:52 | |
and everybody dresses up in period gear. | 0:25:52 | 0:25:55 | |
All the cars that are on site are pre-'66. | 0:25:55 | 0:25:59 | |
I mean, if you were to parachute in here during the meeting, | 0:25:59 | 0:26:02 | |
you'd think you'd fallen in another world. | 0:26:02 | 0:26:04 | |
I have actually attended. I came as a teddy boy, I... | 0:26:04 | 0:26:07 | |
I'd like to have seen that... | 0:26:07 | 0:26:08 | |
Yeah, I had winkle-picker shoes and I had sideburns painted on with | 0:26:08 | 0:26:11 | |
cork of course and masses of attitude. | 0:26:11 | 0:26:14 | |
And did you feel that you fitted in? | 0:26:14 | 0:26:16 | |
Yeah, no, it was a great day out. | 0:26:16 | 0:26:18 | |
What is this lovely machine? | 0:26:18 | 0:26:20 | |
This is your original cops and robbers car, | 0:26:20 | 0:26:22 | |
It's a Mark 2 Jaguar 3.8 litre. First of all the baddies bought them | 0:26:22 | 0:26:26 | |
and then the police all had to go out and buy them to keep up with them | 0:26:26 | 0:26:29 | |
and in those days it must have seemed like an absolute rocket ship! | 0:26:29 | 0:26:33 | |
Do you mind if I take it for a spin? | 0:26:34 | 0:26:35 | |
-Put your seat belt on. -OK. | 0:26:35 | 0:26:37 | |
Just put Bradshaw in the back. | 0:26:37 | 0:26:41 | |
Right, let's go. | 0:26:41 | 0:26:42 | |
You're not going to scare me, are you? | 0:26:42 | 0:26:45 | |
Fasten your seat belt. | 0:26:45 | 0:26:46 | |
Chris gives me an accelerated course to get me up to speed. | 0:26:50 | 0:26:54 | |
OK, so this is the main straight, or the pit straight. | 0:26:54 | 0:26:57 | |
The first corner we come to is a right hander. | 0:26:57 | 0:26:59 | |
So the thing about driving on a race circuit is always be looking ahead. | 0:26:59 | 0:27:03 | |
OK, first corner's a right hander. | 0:27:03 | 0:27:04 | |
Ease over to the left and keep your hands at the quarter to... | 0:27:04 | 0:27:08 | |
That's it, perfect. | 0:27:08 | 0:27:10 | |
Sign there saying "brake". Tiny bit of brake. | 0:27:10 | 0:27:12 | |
Tiny bit of brake, now back on the power. | 0:27:12 | 0:27:14 | |
Cos that balances the car and you're driving through the corner | 0:27:14 | 0:27:17 | |
rather than rolling through the corner | 0:27:17 | 0:27:19 | |
and the car will feel much more stable. | 0:27:19 | 0:27:21 | |
You know, down the straight in the Revival, | 0:27:21 | 0:27:23 | |
they're doing 180mph. | 0:27:23 | 0:27:25 | |
I can't believe it. I'm touching just over 60 now and enjoying it. | 0:27:25 | 0:27:30 | |
-Come on, that was 70, come on. -Ha, ha, ha! | 0:27:30 | 0:27:32 | |
And what do you think Bertie, the man who became Edward VII... | 0:27:32 | 0:27:35 | |
What would he have thought of this? He was a good racy fellow, wasn't he? | 0:27:35 | 0:27:39 | |
Oh, he would have absolutely loved it and, you know, | 0:27:39 | 0:27:41 | |
it's a shame you can't bring those guys back and say, "Hey, have a look at this. | 0:27:41 | 0:27:45 | |
"How much fun is this? You know, your horses are fine | 0:27:45 | 0:27:48 | |
but isn't this fun too?" | 0:27:48 | 0:27:49 | |
Superb. Though I remain more of a rail anorak than a petrolhead. | 0:27:49 | 0:27:54 | |
On this journey from Norwich to Chichester I've steered clear | 0:27:56 | 0:27:59 | |
of the factories and chimney stacks of Bradshaw's Britain, | 0:27:59 | 0:28:03 | |
focusing instead on country pursuits and places of pleasure. | 0:28:03 | 0:28:08 | |
But the railways changed everything everywhere, | 0:28:08 | 0:28:11 | |
making people physically and socially mobile. | 0:28:11 | 0:28:14 | |
Monarchs and commoners alike travelled by train. | 0:28:14 | 0:28:18 | |
And here at Goodwood, the masses could look down upon | 0:28:18 | 0:28:21 | |
the royals as they enjoyed the sport of kings. | 0:28:21 | 0:28:25 |