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In 1840, one man transformed travel in Britain. | 0:00:05 | 0:00:09 | |
His name was George Bradshaw | 0:00:09 | 0:00:11 | |
and his railway guides inspired the Victorians to take to the tracks. | 0:00:11 | 0:00:17 | |
Stop by stop, he told them where to go, | 0:00:17 | 0:00:19 | |
what to see and where to stay. | 0:00:19 | 0:00:23 | |
And now, 170 years later, I'm aboard for a series | 0:00:23 | 0:00:27 | |
of rail adventures across the United Kingdom, | 0:00:27 | 0:00:30 | |
to see what of Bradshaw's Britain remains. | 0:00:30 | 0:00:34 | |
My journey that began in Norfolk continues through Kent. | 0:00:55 | 0:00:58 | |
Bradshaw's tells me that, "The railway's iron roads | 0:00:58 | 0:01:01 | |
"intersect this beautiful county, | 0:01:01 | 0:01:04 | |
"affording the inhabitants of the great metropolis | 0:01:04 | 0:01:07 | |
"to become acquainted with picturesque scenery, | 0:01:07 | 0:01:10 | |
"cities and baronial halls." | 0:01:10 | 0:01:12 | |
They had set out in order to discover | 0:01:12 | 0:01:15 | |
the essence of Britain, as I have today. | 0:01:15 | 0:01:18 | |
On this leg, I'll deliver beer | 0:01:21 | 0:01:23 | |
with old-fashioned directness... | 0:01:23 | 0:01:25 | |
Anyone in need of a drink? | 0:01:25 | 0:01:28 | |
..learn about some old balls... | 0:01:28 | 0:01:30 | |
That is the oldest cricket ball | 0:01:30 | 0:01:32 | |
known to exist anywhere in the world. | 0:01:32 | 0:01:34 | |
It was used in a match at Lord's in 1820. | 0:01:34 | 0:01:38 | |
..and ruffle some feathers in Dorking. | 0:01:38 | 0:01:40 | |
I quite like a wash and blow-dry myself, so we're birds of a feather. | 0:01:41 | 0:01:46 | |
My journey began in the cathedral city of Norwich. | 0:01:51 | 0:01:54 | |
I travelled south, through East Anglia to Ipswich | 0:01:54 | 0:01:57 | |
and Chelmsford, and crossed the Thames at Tilbury. | 0:01:57 | 0:02:00 | |
Now I'll continue through Kent to Dover. | 0:02:00 | 0:02:03 | |
After heading inland to Tonbridge, | 0:02:03 | 0:02:05 | |
I'll return to the coast at Brighton, | 0:02:05 | 0:02:07 | |
before ending my journey | 0:02:07 | 0:02:09 | |
in another cathedral city, Chichester. | 0:02:09 | 0:02:11 | |
Today, I will start in Faversham, | 0:02:12 | 0:02:15 | |
travelling on to Dover and the Channel. | 0:02:15 | 0:02:17 | |
I'll continue my journey through western Kent, | 0:02:17 | 0:02:20 | |
detouring to Dorking, in Surrey. | 0:02:20 | 0:02:22 | |
My next stop is Faversham. The guide book tells me that, | 0:02:31 | 0:02:34 | |
"It's situated on a small stream running into the East Swale, | 0:02:34 | 0:02:37 | |
"which is navigable. | 0:02:37 | 0:02:39 | |
"There are some imports and a considerable coasting trade." | 0:02:39 | 0:02:43 | |
I think some of those boats were hopping to local ports, | 0:02:43 | 0:02:46 | |
bearing the town's frothy product. | 0:02:46 | 0:02:49 | |
This part of Kent is famous for its distinctive oast houses, | 0:02:50 | 0:02:54 | |
which were used for drying hops. | 0:02:54 | 0:02:57 | |
Beer has been made here for centuries | 0:02:57 | 0:02:59 | |
and Faversham has a distinguished brewing history. | 0:02:59 | 0:03:02 | |
At the time of my guide, there were two breweries based here. | 0:03:02 | 0:03:05 | |
Today, one survives, | 0:03:05 | 0:03:07 | |
Shepherd Neame, and it claims to be the country's oldest. | 0:03:07 | 0:03:12 | |
I'm meeting local historian John Owen to find out more. | 0:03:12 | 0:03:15 | |
-Hello. -Michael, good morning, | 0:03:17 | 0:03:19 | |
-welcome to Shepherd Neame. -Thank you so much. | 0:03:19 | 0:03:21 | |
Faversham is a beautiful town, | 0:03:21 | 0:03:23 | |
permeated by the gorgeous smell of hops, | 0:03:23 | 0:03:26 | |
and this is a very ancient brewery, by the look of it. | 0:03:26 | 0:03:28 | |
-You go back how far? -We've been on the same site | 0:03:28 | 0:03:31 | |
from 1573. | 0:03:31 | 0:03:33 | |
Extraordinary, actually here? | 0:03:33 | 0:03:36 | |
Actually on this site. It is just a remarkable survival. | 0:03:36 | 0:03:40 | |
I assume that originally, | 0:03:40 | 0:03:41 | |
beer production had to be for local consumption, | 0:03:41 | 0:03:43 | |
does beer travel well? | 0:03:43 | 0:03:45 | |
No, it doesn't, and certainly, | 0:03:45 | 0:03:46 | |
beer made in the 16th century | 0:03:46 | 0:03:48 | |
would have travelled far worse than it does today. | 0:03:48 | 0:03:51 | |
What made the difference to all of that? | 0:03:51 | 0:03:53 | |
I think the quality of the transport and, ultimately, | 0:03:53 | 0:03:56 | |
the coming of the railways in the middle of the 19th century. | 0:03:56 | 0:04:00 | |
The railway arrived in Faversham in 1858 | 0:04:00 | 0:04:03 | |
and this brewery, in particular, | 0:04:03 | 0:04:05 | |
was quick to see a new business opportunity. | 0:04:05 | 0:04:08 | |
It built a new malt house | 0:04:08 | 0:04:10 | |
and invested heavily in the railways. | 0:04:10 | 0:04:12 | |
Did the brewery have its own rolling stock? | 0:04:13 | 0:04:16 | |
I think it had about a dozen trucks by the 1880s. | 0:04:16 | 0:04:19 | |
-In the brewery's livery? -Oh, yes. Wonderful livery. | 0:04:19 | 0:04:21 | |
Pale cream and Oxford blue, which must have made quite a statement | 0:04:21 | 0:04:25 | |
going up and down the line. | 0:04:25 | 0:04:27 | |
And the expansion was quick. | 0:04:27 | 0:04:30 | |
Whereas in 1865, the brewery had only five stores, | 0:04:30 | 0:04:33 | |
by 1900, it had nearly 20. | 0:04:33 | 0:04:37 | |
Thanks to the railways, they could now send their beer | 0:04:37 | 0:04:39 | |
all the way up to Camberwell, in South London. | 0:04:39 | 0:04:42 | |
This brewery's association with steam engines | 0:04:42 | 0:04:45 | |
goes back much further. | 0:04:45 | 0:04:47 | |
As early as 1789, it bought a Sun and Planet steam engine, | 0:04:47 | 0:04:51 | |
which revolutionised production, | 0:04:51 | 0:04:53 | |
mechanising the grinding of malt, and pumping water and beer | 0:04:53 | 0:04:56 | |
around the factory. To find out how they make beer now, | 0:04:56 | 0:05:00 | |
I'm meeting Chief Brewer Richard Frost. | 0:05:00 | 0:05:03 | |
-Hello, Richard. -Hello, Michael, good to see you. | 0:05:04 | 0:05:07 | |
It's an ancient brewery, | 0:05:07 | 0:05:08 | |
and here I see some fairly ancient looking machinery, | 0:05:08 | 0:05:12 | |
what kind of vintage is this stuff? | 0:05:12 | 0:05:13 | |
These mash tuns date back to 1914. | 0:05:13 | 0:05:16 | |
-100 years old. -Yeah, 100 years old. Very traditional, made of oak. | 0:05:16 | 0:05:20 | |
So that's contributing | 0:05:20 | 0:05:21 | |
-part of the flavour. -Definitely, without a doubt. | 0:05:21 | 0:05:24 | |
I mean, here, you have the most fantastic combination | 0:05:24 | 0:05:27 | |
of the old and the new. You've got digital controls, | 0:05:27 | 0:05:29 | |
with some fairly ancient looking machinery. | 0:05:29 | 0:05:31 | |
Yeah, the machinery dates back to Victorian days. | 0:05:31 | 0:05:33 | |
-Are you doing any mashing today? -We are, in fact, | 0:05:33 | 0:05:36 | |
Ian is just going to kick the process off. | 0:05:36 | 0:05:39 | |
The brewing process hasn't changed much either. | 0:05:39 | 0:05:42 | |
The crushed malt from the hopper above is mixed with hot water | 0:05:43 | 0:05:47 | |
that has to be at exactly the right temperature. | 0:05:47 | 0:05:49 | |
What temperature are we going up to, Ian? | 0:05:52 | 0:05:54 | |
Between 63 and 63.4, just trying to get it | 0:05:54 | 0:05:57 | |
levelled off in the middle area. | 0:05:57 | 0:06:00 | |
So just a little adjustment here to this wheel. | 0:06:00 | 0:06:03 | |
-63.4 is about right. -It's going up a bit there, | 0:06:03 | 0:06:07 | |
so you open it up slightly. | 0:06:07 | 0:06:09 | |
Now I'm going upstairs to the coppers, | 0:06:11 | 0:06:14 | |
to find out about the next step in the process. | 0:06:14 | 0:06:17 | |
The next part is to boil that up with some hops, | 0:06:17 | 0:06:19 | |
some Kentish locally grown hops. | 0:06:19 | 0:06:21 | |
So we'll go ahead and add some here. We have some behind you. | 0:06:21 | 0:06:24 | |
It has that magnificent aroma, doesn't it? | 0:06:24 | 0:06:27 | |
Oh, yeah, hops are rather like herbs and spices | 0:06:27 | 0:06:29 | |
that a cook would use, or a chef would use. | 0:06:29 | 0:06:31 | |
They add aroma and flavour to beer. | 0:06:31 | 0:06:34 | |
If you would like to tip those in. | 0:06:34 | 0:06:35 | |
Look at all that Kent goodness going down the chute. | 0:06:37 | 0:06:40 | |
They're wonderful hops. | 0:06:40 | 0:06:41 | |
Having found out how to brew a traditional Kentish beer, | 0:06:43 | 0:06:46 | |
it's appropriate to make a local delivery, | 0:06:46 | 0:06:48 | |
in one of the brewery's oldest vans. | 0:06:48 | 0:06:52 | |
Here, we have a lovely Austin 20, | 0:06:52 | 0:06:54 | |
and I thought it would be really nice if we could recreate a journey | 0:06:54 | 0:06:58 | |
delivering some beer to the Railway Tavern in Faversham. | 0:06:58 | 0:07:00 | |
I believe they're very thirsty there. Let's get going. | 0:07:00 | 0:07:03 | |
Ah, what a magnificent car! | 0:07:04 | 0:07:07 | |
Ah, thank you very much. | 0:07:30 | 0:07:32 | |
-Anyone in need of a drink? -Yes, please. Thank you. | 0:07:33 | 0:07:37 | |
It's now time to leave Faversham | 0:07:41 | 0:07:43 | |
and head for the coast. | 0:07:43 | 0:07:44 | |
Bradshaw's makes Dover sound really inviting. | 0:07:57 | 0:08:00 | |
"The line of noble-looking mansions spreading along the coast, | 0:08:00 | 0:08:04 | |
"the pureness of the atmosphere, | 0:08:04 | 0:08:06 | |
"the bold and rocky scenery | 0:08:06 | 0:08:08 | |
"give it an important position among our-sea loving citizens." | 0:08:08 | 0:08:12 | |
Ah, but Dover had an important position | 0:08:12 | 0:08:15 | |
militarily and strategically long before tourism. | 0:08:15 | 0:08:18 | |
Guarding the narrowest stretch of the English Channel, | 0:08:27 | 0:08:30 | |
Dover has been a strategic defensive town since Roman times. | 0:08:30 | 0:08:34 | |
Here, I am little more than 20 miles | 0:08:36 | 0:08:38 | |
from our historic enemy, the French. | 0:08:38 | 0:08:40 | |
The castle, says my guide book, | 0:08:45 | 0:08:48 | |
is, "The great lion of Dover, | 0:08:48 | 0:08:50 | |
"and as the first object that strikes the eye of the traveller, | 0:08:50 | 0:08:53 | |
"it is sure to woo his footsteps thither." | 0:08:53 | 0:08:57 | |
Well, my footsteps are wooed | 0:08:57 | 0:08:59 | |
by another military structure which is a bit less obvious. | 0:08:59 | 0:09:03 | |
According to Bradshaw, this is, | 0:09:11 | 0:09:14 | |
"The grand military shaft, | 0:09:14 | 0:09:16 | |
"leading to the heights | 0:09:16 | 0:09:18 | |
"and barracks above. | 0:09:18 | 0:09:19 | |
"Sufficiently capacious to contain many thousand troops." | 0:09:19 | 0:09:24 | |
For such a vast place, this must be Dover's best kept secret. | 0:09:24 | 0:09:28 | |
I'm meeting Mandy Whall of the Western Heights Preservation Society | 0:09:36 | 0:09:41 | |
to find out more. | 0:09:41 | 0:09:42 | |
-Mandy, hello. -Hello, Michael. | 0:09:42 | 0:09:45 | |
I think this is the most extraordinary place | 0:09:45 | 0:09:47 | |
I've ever seen. Why was this built? | 0:09:47 | 0:09:50 | |
Above us on the cliff, we have the Grand Shaft Barracks | 0:09:50 | 0:09:53 | |
where approximately 1,000 troops would have been housed. | 0:09:53 | 0:09:56 | |
The only way down to the seafront, had an enemy invaded, | 0:09:56 | 0:10:00 | |
would be to run down the side of the cliff, | 0:10:00 | 0:10:03 | |
down there, miles away, come back... It's about a mile and a half. | 0:10:03 | 0:10:07 | |
So they needed a way to move troops very quickly from the barracks | 0:10:07 | 0:10:11 | |
down to the seafront, which is about 300 yards that way. | 0:10:11 | 0:10:14 | |
So we've got the elegant solution of a triple helix spiral staircase, | 0:10:14 | 0:10:19 | |
so you can move your troops very quickly from the barracks site | 0:10:19 | 0:10:23 | |
down to the seafront. | 0:10:23 | 0:10:24 | |
-This is all about fear of invasion, I suppose? -Yes. | 0:10:24 | 0:10:27 | |
And I suppose it's the French as usual that we were worried about? | 0:10:27 | 0:10:31 | |
Oh, yes, yes, Napoleon. | 0:10:31 | 0:10:32 | |
The initial building started in 1804 and it was completed by 1806, | 0:10:32 | 0:10:37 | |
-so a very quick build. -Was this a very secret operation? | 0:10:37 | 0:10:41 | |
We wouldn't have told the French, to be sure. | 0:10:41 | 0:10:44 | |
There are a lot of fortifications up here. | 0:10:44 | 0:10:46 | |
They are all very well concealed | 0:10:46 | 0:10:48 | |
so they couldn't be observed from even the town of Dover itself. | 0:10:48 | 0:10:51 | |
And are we able to go up to the top these days? | 0:10:51 | 0:10:54 | |
You certainly are, yes, it's 200 stairs | 0:10:54 | 0:10:57 | |
and I've got a bit of a challenge for you. | 0:10:57 | 0:10:59 | |
In 1826, one soldier bet that he could run up these stairs | 0:10:59 | 0:11:03 | |
in 30 seconds, and I wondered if you would like to have a go? | 0:11:03 | 0:11:06 | |
-200 steps in 30 seconds?! -Yes. | 0:11:06 | 0:11:08 | |
I don't think so, but I'll give it a go! | 0:11:08 | 0:11:11 | |
-See you in a minute! -See you in a moment. | 0:11:11 | 0:11:13 | |
OK, Michael? Ready... Steady... Go! | 0:11:15 | 0:11:21 | |
-What's the score? -46.6 seconds. -I was weighed down by my book! | 0:11:35 | 0:11:40 | |
-Did I come all that way? -You certainly did! | 0:11:40 | 0:11:43 | |
I think this now explains something in Bradshaw's Guide | 0:11:45 | 0:11:48 | |
which was puzzling me | 0:11:48 | 0:11:49 | |
that says that there are three spiral staircases | 0:11:49 | 0:11:51 | |
and I see there are. | 0:11:51 | 0:11:53 | |
Now, what was the point of having three? | 0:11:53 | 0:11:55 | |
It means you can move three times the troops in a third of the time. | 0:11:55 | 0:11:59 | |
And how did they decide which one to use? | 0:11:59 | 0:12:01 | |
When it was first built, there was no class distinction, | 0:12:01 | 0:12:04 | |
so anybody went down whatever staircase, | 0:12:04 | 0:12:07 | |
but by the time you get to the Victorian era, | 0:12:07 | 0:12:09 | |
there's a much bigger class distinction. | 0:12:09 | 0:12:12 | |
So what they did is they allocated staircases. | 0:12:12 | 0:12:15 | |
One for officers and their ladies, one for sergeants and their wives | 0:12:15 | 0:12:19 | |
and the other for soldiers and their women. | 0:12:19 | 0:12:22 | |
But it just shows the class system | 0:12:22 | 0:12:24 | |
-gets into everything in Britain, doesn't it? -Yes. | 0:12:24 | 0:12:26 | |
-Oh, not another set of steps! -MANDY LAUGHS | 0:12:26 | 0:12:29 | |
So, I think I get the idea now. | 0:12:36 | 0:12:38 | |
The fortress is sunk into the cliff so that in Napoleonic times | 0:12:38 | 0:12:42 | |
and actually even today, you have no clue that it's here. | 0:12:42 | 0:12:46 | |
Well, that's right. It's cunningly concealed within the contours | 0:12:46 | 0:12:50 | |
and topography of the landscape. | 0:12:50 | 0:12:52 | |
What went on here at the top? | 0:12:52 | 0:12:54 | |
Well, this is the parade ground, | 0:12:54 | 0:12:56 | |
at the late 19th century they had the Easter Reviews. | 0:12:56 | 0:12:59 | |
It was a huge spectacular. | 0:12:59 | 0:13:01 | |
The Easter Volunteers would stage elaborate military manoeuvres | 0:13:01 | 0:13:04 | |
that were important battlefield training exercises. | 0:13:04 | 0:13:08 | |
But they were also massive public spectacles | 0:13:08 | 0:13:11 | |
with thousands of people coming to watch from all over the country. | 0:13:11 | 0:13:15 | |
We have accounts of 30 trains between 6am and 9am | 0:13:15 | 0:13:19 | |
bringing down 25,000 troops as well as any ammunition | 0:13:19 | 0:13:23 | |
and all the horses, and everything else that they required on that day. | 0:13:23 | 0:13:27 | |
And then they all pack up at the end of the day and go home by train. | 0:13:27 | 0:13:32 | |
Absolute military precision - | 0:13:32 | 0:13:33 | |
mechanised warfare using the railways. | 0:13:33 | 0:13:36 | |
-Can we take a walk around? -Of course you can, yes. | 0:13:36 | 0:13:39 | |
Mandy, as we look out towards France, across the narrow moat | 0:13:47 | 0:13:51 | |
that has protected our realm over the centuries, | 0:13:51 | 0:13:53 | |
let me read to you from Bradshaw. | 0:13:53 | 0:13:55 | |
"Nowhere, perhaps in the whole circuit of the kingdom | 0:13:55 | 0:13:59 | |
"is there another spot so calculated to awaken | 0:13:59 | 0:14:02 | |
"in the bosom of an Englishman feelings of pride and exultation, | 0:14:02 | 0:14:07 | |
"as the objects around call up in succession those martial | 0:14:07 | 0:14:12 | |
"and intellectual achievements by which the inviolate island | 0:14:12 | 0:14:15 | |
"of the sage and the free | 0:14:15 | 0:14:18 | |
"has attained her present unquestioned supremacy." | 0:14:18 | 0:14:22 | |
It's now time for me to continue my journey on through Kent. | 0:14:37 | 0:14:41 | |
My train has taken me into the interior of Kent. | 0:14:51 | 0:14:55 | |
Bradshaw's tells me that my next stop, Staplehurst, is near | 0:14:55 | 0:14:59 | |
the remains of Sissinghurst Castle and that's well worth a visit. | 0:14:59 | 0:15:03 | |
If I could lay my head close to Sissinghurst Castle, | 0:15:03 | 0:15:06 | |
that would be something. | 0:15:06 | 0:15:08 | |
Best known for its gardens, designed in the 1930s by the poet | 0:15:25 | 0:15:29 | |
Vita Sackville-West, | 0:15:29 | 0:15:31 | |
Sissinghurst Castle had been in Victorian times a mediaeval ruin. | 0:15:31 | 0:15:35 | |
But the estate had won fame for its progressive farming techniques | 0:15:35 | 0:15:39 | |
under the tenancy of George Neve. | 0:15:39 | 0:15:41 | |
Some of the farm buildings from the mid-19th century have survived | 0:15:41 | 0:15:45 | |
and stand as a monument to the Great Victorian Farming Revival | 0:15:45 | 0:15:49 | |
that began in the 1850s. | 0:15:49 | 0:15:51 | |
Peter Mellor knows more. | 0:15:51 | 0:15:52 | |
-Hello, Peter. -Hello, Michael. | 0:15:52 | 0:15:55 | |
-Good to see you. -Welcome to the Sissinghurst Castle Estate. | 0:15:55 | 0:15:58 | |
Well, thank you. | 0:15:58 | 0:15:59 | |
So, this farmhouse on the castle estate | 0:15:59 | 0:16:02 | |
has a very Victorian look to me, what's its history? | 0:16:02 | 0:16:07 | |
Built in 1855 by the Cornwallis family for a farm tenant, | 0:16:07 | 0:16:13 | |
George Neve, who was only 28 at the time the farmhouse was built. | 0:16:13 | 0:16:18 | |
It was a splendid house for a very progressive | 0:16:18 | 0:16:22 | |
and energetic farm tenant in the golden age of Victorian farming. | 0:16:22 | 0:16:27 | |
The farmhouse was the centre of a thriving and modern farm | 0:16:27 | 0:16:31 | |
of around 500 acres. | 0:16:31 | 0:16:33 | |
The railway was crucial to the farm's success, | 0:16:33 | 0:16:36 | |
allowing it to transport its produce far and wide. | 0:16:36 | 0:16:40 | |
Well, the house tells a very Victorian story. | 0:16:41 | 0:16:44 | |
I shall be very pleased indeed to stay here. | 0:16:44 | 0:16:46 | |
-Cheers. -Cheers, Michael. | 0:16:46 | 0:16:48 | |
It's a new day and I'm heading west - | 0:17:03 | 0:17:05 | |
further into the Weald of Kent. | 0:17:05 | 0:17:08 | |
My first stop today will be Tonbridge. | 0:17:15 | 0:17:18 | |
Bradshaw's tells me that it's situated on the Tun | 0:17:18 | 0:17:21 | |
and four branches of the Medway all crossed by bridges. | 0:17:21 | 0:17:24 | |
It is noted for the excellent grammar school. | 0:17:24 | 0:17:27 | |
I'm hoping to take a lesson in how the railways | 0:17:27 | 0:17:29 | |
put the school on track. | 0:17:29 | 0:17:32 | |
At Tonbridge School, I'm hoping to find out more | 0:17:44 | 0:17:47 | |
from former deputy head teacher David Walsh. | 0:17:47 | 0:17:50 | |
-David. -Good morning, Michael, and welcome to Tonbridge School. | 0:17:52 | 0:17:56 | |
Thank you very much. A very ancient foundation, dating back to...? | 0:17:56 | 0:17:59 | |
1553. It was founded by Sir Andrew Judd who was a city merchant. | 0:17:59 | 0:18:05 | |
I think of public schools as rather large institutions, | 0:18:05 | 0:18:08 | |
did it begin that way? | 0:18:08 | 0:18:09 | |
No, for the first 300 years of its existence, | 0:18:09 | 0:18:12 | |
really until the railways came in the mid-19th century, | 0:18:12 | 0:18:15 | |
it only had about 40 or 50 boys, | 0:18:15 | 0:18:17 | |
but by the time the Victorian Age ended, | 0:18:17 | 0:18:20 | |
it had gone up to about 440 boys. | 0:18:20 | 0:18:22 | |
And the railways had something to do with that? | 0:18:22 | 0:18:24 | |
The railways had a lot to do with that. | 0:18:24 | 0:18:26 | |
The railways were, of course, one of the main sort of drivers | 0:18:26 | 0:18:29 | |
of Victorian prosperity, which meant that more and more people | 0:18:29 | 0:18:32 | |
could afford to send their children to schools where they had to pay fees. | 0:18:32 | 0:18:35 | |
But they also widened people's geographical horizons considerably. | 0:18:35 | 0:18:39 | |
Tonbridge School was also fortunate to own a piece of land | 0:18:40 | 0:18:43 | |
next to the new St Pancras station in London. | 0:18:43 | 0:18:46 | |
When that was sold profitably to the Midland Railway during the 1860s, | 0:18:46 | 0:18:50 | |
around the time of my Bradshaw's, | 0:18:50 | 0:18:52 | |
the school was able to rebuild and enlarge its buildings. | 0:18:52 | 0:18:56 | |
The school also owned a sloping piece of land | 0:18:56 | 0:18:59 | |
near the new railway line in Tonbridge, | 0:18:59 | 0:19:01 | |
which it levelled, using the spoil from the line's construction | 0:19:01 | 0:19:04 | |
to create The Head cricket ground. | 0:19:04 | 0:19:07 | |
David's taking me to have a look. | 0:19:07 | 0:19:09 | |
It's a lovely setting for a cricket match. | 0:19:09 | 0:19:13 | |
Cricket has always been an important part of Tonbridge school. | 0:19:13 | 0:19:16 | |
I think partly because of the lovely ground we have here | 0:19:16 | 0:19:19 | |
but also because of the presence in the school | 0:19:19 | 0:19:21 | |
of old boys like Colin Cowdrey, | 0:19:21 | 0:19:23 | |
who was a boy here from 1946 until 1950. | 0:19:23 | 0:19:26 | |
Beginning with Colin Cowdrey | 0:19:26 | 0:19:29 | |
many talented cricketers have emerged from this school. | 0:19:29 | 0:19:33 | |
Including his sons, Chris and Graham Cowdrey, and more recently | 0:19:33 | 0:19:37 | |
Richard Ellison and Ed Smith, the Test Match Special pundit. | 0:19:37 | 0:19:40 | |
The area is as noted for cricket balls as cricket stars. | 0:19:40 | 0:19:45 | |
And here's how it's made down in the garden of Kent. | 0:19:45 | 0:19:48 | |
While the hide strips for the cover are drying, | 0:19:48 | 0:19:50 | |
the core or quilt is being fashioned, | 0:19:50 | 0:19:53 | |
the cover is cut into quarters and these are sewn | 0:19:53 | 0:19:55 | |
together into halves by a process known as closing. | 0:19:55 | 0:20:00 | |
So a powerful vice is used to press them together and up into a slight ridge. | 0:20:00 | 0:20:03 | |
Now comes another lot of sewing, with threads of specially prepared flax. | 0:20:03 | 0:20:07 | |
And then the harvest, ammunition for village greens and county pitches. | 0:20:07 | 0:20:12 | |
Neil Robinson from the MCC Museum will educate me, it seems. | 0:20:12 | 0:20:17 | |
-What have you got here? -We have got a sample of 3 balls | 0:20:17 | 0:20:21 | |
from various periods through history. | 0:20:21 | 0:20:23 | |
and you will notice immediately simply from the size | 0:20:23 | 0:20:25 | |
and design that they really haven't changed that much. | 0:20:25 | 0:20:28 | |
If you'd like to pop these gloves on you will be able to weigh them in your hands. | 0:20:28 | 0:20:33 | |
Now that is the oldest cricket ball known to exist anywhere in the world. | 0:20:33 | 0:20:37 | |
It was used at a match at Lords in 1820 | 0:20:37 | 0:20:41 | |
So this ball feels to me pretty much like a cricket ball of today. | 0:20:41 | 0:20:46 | |
It should do the only notable difference is obviously the leather has faded over the last 2 centuries. | 0:20:46 | 0:20:50 | |
-And this newer ball. -The second ball we have here | 0:20:50 | 0:20:55 | |
dates from 1902. You'll see the leather has faded slightly but isn't quite as far gone as the 1820 ball. | 0:20:55 | 0:21:01 | |
This was used in a match at the Oval a test match between England | 0:21:01 | 0:21:04 | |
and Australia which England won by one wicket, | 0:21:04 | 0:21:06 | |
a very famous match, a very thrilling innings by Gilbert Jessop. | 0:21:06 | 0:21:09 | |
And it was actually made, this ball, in the John Wisden and Co works on Baltic Road here in Tonbridge. | 0:21:09 | 0:21:15 | |
John Wisden, now that's a name I know surely for the cricket almanacs. | 0:21:15 | 0:21:19 | |
Well, yes indeed, Wisden brought out his first cricket almanac in 1864 | 0:21:19 | 0:21:23 | |
and it's been going for 150 years now rather like Bradshaw there. | 0:21:23 | 0:21:26 | |
-Yeah, this is 1864ish as well. -Indeed. | 0:21:26 | 0:21:30 | |
-An important year for cricket? -It was very much so. | 0:21:30 | 0:21:33 | |
WG Grace made his first appearance at Lords, over arm bowling was legalised. | 0:21:33 | 0:21:37 | |
So you may say the modern world was making itself | 0:21:37 | 0:21:40 | |
felt in cricket as it was through the railways and other areas. | 0:21:40 | 0:21:43 | |
Well, Neal, I don't believe I have touched a cricket ball for some decades | 0:21:43 | 0:21:47 | |
but this has given me an idea. | 0:21:47 | 0:21:48 | |
This is where Bradshaw turns to Brad-MAN. | 0:21:51 | 0:21:54 | |
Oh, yes! | 0:22:06 | 0:22:08 | |
My luck is in today. | 0:22:09 | 0:22:12 | |
Wow, we're off again. | 0:22:15 | 0:22:17 | |
Even Bradman had his bad days. | 0:22:26 | 0:22:29 | |
Bowled over by the cricketing prowess of Tonbridge school, I'm detouring further west into Surrey. | 0:22:35 | 0:22:41 | |
I'm changing trains at Redhill because something in my Bradshaw's has piqued my interest. | 0:22:41 | 0:22:48 | |
I'm on my way to Dorking. | 0:22:55 | 0:22:57 | |
Bradshaw's tells me it's celebrated for its poultry. | 0:22:57 | 0:23:00 | |
Particularly for a five-toed breed called Dorkings, | 0:23:00 | 0:23:04 | |
supposed to have been introduced by the Romans. | 0:23:04 | 0:23:07 | |
Now that's worth crossing the road for! | 0:23:07 | 0:23:09 | |
I'm going to visit Wymbleton farm, | 0:23:21 | 0:23:23 | |
where Lana Gazder is going to tell me all about this noble fowl. | 0:23:23 | 0:23:28 | |
-Hello, Lana. -Hello, Michael. Nice to meet you. | 0:23:28 | 0:23:30 | |
I'd never thought of counting the toes of a chicken but Bradshaw's | 0:23:30 | 0:23:34 | |
tells me there's a special five-toed variety here in Dorking. | 0:23:34 | 0:23:38 | |
There is and they are quite rare. | 0:23:38 | 0:23:40 | |
It is one of the oldest chickens in Britain if not the oldest. | 0:23:40 | 0:23:44 | |
And the five toes is a bit of a mystery where it came from. | 0:23:44 | 0:23:47 | |
People think that the Romans brought the Dorking in | 0:23:47 | 0:23:50 | |
but I don't believe that. | 0:23:50 | 0:23:52 | |
If that was so, there would still be Dorkings in Italy. | 0:23:52 | 0:23:55 | |
So I tend to think they were here already, | 0:23:55 | 0:23:58 | |
possibly brought in by the Venetian traders, | 0:23:58 | 0:24:00 | |
they might have brought in the Hudan or the Arden, they have five toes, | 0:24:00 | 0:24:04 | |
and they may have mixed them with the Scott's dumpy, | 0:24:04 | 0:24:08 | |
so I reckon there was a five-toed bird in England and when the Romans came they recognised them as | 0:24:08 | 0:24:14 | |
an excellent bird to feed their army, and I do believe they perfected them. | 0:24:14 | 0:24:18 | |
Just show me the difference. | 0:24:18 | 0:24:20 | |
These are the front three toes, which every chicken has, | 0:24:20 | 0:24:23 | |
and they also have a fourth toe at the back. | 0:24:23 | 0:24:25 | |
But the Dorking has a fifth toe, so that is the unusual bit. | 0:24:25 | 0:24:28 | |
It's probably a deformity but it was bred in an it's a dominant feature | 0:24:28 | 0:24:34 | |
OK so they have more toes. What else makes them special? | 0:24:34 | 0:24:37 | |
What makes them important? | 0:24:37 | 0:24:39 | |
They're important for the fact | 0:24:39 | 0:24:41 | |
they are probably the most excellent meat bird in Britain. | 0:24:41 | 0:24:46 | |
Also, the whole shape of them is a lengthy, rectangular bird. | 0:24:46 | 0:24:52 | |
-Are Dorkings still sold for meat? -Sadly not. | 0:24:52 | 0:24:56 | |
It's economically not viable nowadays. | 0:24:56 | 0:25:00 | |
The Dorking's eggs were particularly prized by Queen Victoria | 0:25:00 | 0:25:04 | |
She insisted on them being served because they were delicious and digestible. | 0:25:04 | 0:25:09 | |
I just have to find out what all the fuss is about. | 0:25:09 | 0:25:14 | |
Mmm, lovely dark yellow hue. | 0:25:14 | 0:25:18 | |
It's bursting with flavour. Absolutely glorious. | 0:25:22 | 0:25:26 | |
-And you can assure me that it's also easy on my digestion! -Absolutely. | 0:25:26 | 0:25:31 | |
Queen Victoria couldn't have been wrong! | 0:25:31 | 0:25:33 | |
This humble chicken has put Dorking on the map. | 0:25:35 | 0:25:37 | |
There's a 10 foot statue of a Dorking | 0:25:37 | 0:25:40 | |
installed on a roundabout in 2007. | 0:25:40 | 0:25:44 | |
It was modelled on one of Lana's exhibition chickens. | 0:25:44 | 0:25:47 | |
I'll now help her to prepare one for a show. | 0:25:47 | 0:25:51 | |
This is a dark Dorking. | 0:25:53 | 0:25:55 | |
What are you going to do first? | 0:25:55 | 0:25:57 | |
I will very carefully put her in the water. | 0:25:57 | 0:26:00 | |
And very quietly apply the water without scaring her. | 0:26:00 | 0:26:04 | |
No brisk movements is the secret. | 0:26:04 | 0:26:08 | |
Dab the sponge until she gets used to it. | 0:26:08 | 0:26:11 | |
And then you have to very carefully scrub at her legs. | 0:26:11 | 0:26:16 | |
Well, Lana, I can absolutely tell you that I have never before | 0:26:16 | 0:26:19 | |
scrubbed the feet of a chicken with a toothbrush! | 0:26:19 | 0:26:22 | |
-What a handsome beast you're going to be! -She's enjoying it I think | 0:26:22 | 0:26:25 | |
Very well behaved indeed, | 0:26:25 | 0:26:27 | |
considering she's being groomed by an amateur. | 0:26:27 | 0:26:30 | |
Now, you've got one wet chicken. | 0:26:30 | 0:26:32 | |
I have. She'll have to be blow dried. | 0:26:32 | 0:26:36 | |
-You can't be serious. -No, they really enjoy it because if you think of a chicken | 0:26:36 | 0:26:40 | |
on a tree, the wind blowing through their feathers, | 0:26:40 | 0:26:44 | |
that's a natural thing for them. | 0:26:44 | 0:26:46 | |
This, I have to see. | 0:26:46 | 0:26:48 | |
Very handy having help. | 0:26:50 | 0:26:51 | |
Under the wing. | 0:26:55 | 0:26:57 | |
She'll be feeling nice and warm now, won't she? | 0:26:59 | 0:27:02 | |
I quite like a wash and blow dry myself so we're birds of a feather! | 0:27:02 | 0:27:06 | |
-I think she's virtually done now with the hairdryer. -Well, Lana, thank you so much. | 0:27:06 | 0:27:11 | |
And just to think I would never have discovered a five-toed | 0:27:11 | 0:27:13 | |
Dorking without my Bradshaw's guide! | 0:27:13 | 0:27:16 | |
That's very good. | 0:27:16 | 0:27:18 | |
The Duke of Wellington remarked that the battle of Waterloo | 0:27:25 | 0:27:28 | |
was won on the playing fields of Eton. | 0:27:28 | 0:27:29 | |
You might also say that test matches have been won on the cricket square of Tonbridge school. | 0:27:29 | 0:27:35 | |
Warm beer, cricket and public schools were parts of Victorian culture. | 0:27:35 | 0:27:41 | |
The white cliffs of Dover would be the front line in which | 0:27:41 | 0:27:45 | |
British customs and values would be defended against aggressors. | 0:27:45 | 0:27:49 | |
A sentiment expressed in patriotic language by my Bradshaw's guide. | 0:27:49 | 0:27:54 | |
Next time, I'll pick up the scent underground in Brighton... | 0:27:57 | 0:28:00 | |
I had no idea that sewage had such a sweet tinkle to it. | 0:28:00 | 0:28:03 | |
..Visit a party palace fit for a queen... | 0:28:03 | 0:28:06 | |
"As the royal pair approached Castle Square, | 0:28:06 | 0:28:08 | |
"the crowed pressed forward more closely | 0:28:08 | 0:28:11 | |
"and some errand boys rudely peered beneath her majesty's bonnet." | 0:28:11 | 0:28:15 | |
How frightful! | 0:28:15 | 0:28:16 | |
..And pass the chequered flag in style. | 0:28:16 | 0:28:19 | |
-Down the straight they are doing 180 miles per hour. -I can't believe it. | 0:28:19 | 0:28:24 | |
-I'm touching just over 60 now and enjoying it. -That was 70, come on! | 0:28:24 | 0:28:29 |